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    "id": "bmcc-000002",
    "code": "ACC 100",
    "title": "Elementary Acct Ia",
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    "hours": 2,
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    "id": "bmcc-000003",
    "code": "ACC 101",
    "title": "Elementary Acct Ia",
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    "id": "bmcc-000004",
    "code": "ACC 102",
    "title": "Acct Principles Ia",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Acct Principles Ia",
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    "id": "bmcc-000005",
    "code": "ACC 105",
    "title": "Biling Elem Acct 1a",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Biling Elem Acct 1a",
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    "id": "bmcc-000006",
    "code": "ACC 106",
    "title": "Biling Elem Acct Ia",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Biling Elem Acct Ia",
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    "id": "bmcc-000007",
    "code": "ACC 107",
    "title": "Biling Acct Prin Ia",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Biling Acct Prin Ia",
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    "id": "bmcc-000008",
    "code": "ACC 110",
    "title": "Elementary Accounting Ib",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Elementary Accounting Ib",
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    "id": "bmcc-000009",
    "code": "ACC 111",
    "title": "Elementary Acct Ib",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Elementary Acct Ib",
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    "id": "bmcc-000010",
    "code": "ACC 112",
    "title": "Acct Principles Ib",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Acct Principles Ib",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ACC 112",
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    "id": "bmcc-000011",
    "code": "ACC 120",
    "title": "Elementary Acct I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Elementary Acct I",
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    "id": "bmcc-000012",
    "code": "ACC 121",
    "title": "Elementary Acct I",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Elementary Acct I",
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    "id": "bmcc-000013",
    "code": "ACC 122",
    "title": "Accounting Principles I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course covers the fundamental principles of accounting and the practical use of accounting tools and techniques. Topics covered include the definition and scope of accounting, accounting records and processes, books of original and subsequent entry, work sheets, adjusting and closing entries, accounting for cash, accounting for negotiable instruments, and accounting for plant assets. An investigation is made of accounting for service businesses and trading concerns.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000014",
    "code": "ACC 150",
    "title": "Personal Acc & Fin Literacy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This introductory course provides a hands-on approach to understanding and analyzing the major components of personal accounting and financial literacy. Topics include establishing financial goals, personal taxation, managing personal debt and credit, budgeting household expenses, saving and investment strategies, insurance, and retirement planning. The course has a 1-hour lab component in which students will learn to use basic Excel applications and simulations as it relates to personal accounting and financial planning.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000015",
    "code": "ACC 220",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Elementary Accounting II",
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    "id": "bmcc-000016",
    "code": "ACC 221",
    "title": "Elementary Accounting II",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Elementary Accounting II",
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    "id": "bmcc-000017",
    "code": "ACC 222",
    "title": "Accounting Principles II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This continuation of Accounting I progresses from elementary to more advanced accounting concepts and conventions, including the use of accounting data in managerial decision making. Among topics covered are voucher system, partnership accounting, payroll preparation and taxes, and accounting for corporations. Study is made of accounting involved in the interpretation of financial statements, budgetary control, statement of cash flows, and management reports and analyses.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000018",
    "code": "ACC 231",
    "title": "Acc Applications On Microcomp",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides accounting students with the opportunity to solve accounting problems through the use of microcomputers. Areas in which students will prepare computerized accounting records and reports include journals, ledgers, trial balance, accounts receivable, accounts payable and payroll. The course will introduce students to basic accounting documentation, and processing flowcharts of different accounting functions.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000019",
    "code": "ACC 240",
    "title": "Managerial Acctg",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Managerial Acctg",
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    "code": "ACC 241",
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    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students are provided with fundamental knowledge of the Federal taxation laws and preparation of related tax returns. Federal income taxes for individuals, partnerships, and corporations are studied, and actual returns are prepared. Various items of payroll withholding and reporting procedures are discussed, and basic tax planning is explored.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000021",
    "code": "ACC 241H",
    "title": "Taxation: Federal (Honors)",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students are provided with fundamental knowledge of the Federal taxation laws and preparation of related tax returns. Federal income taxes for individuals, partnerships, and corporations are studied, and actual returns are prepared. Various items of payroll withholding and reporting procedures are discussed, and basic tax planning is explored.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000022",
    "code": "ACC 242",
    "title": "Taxation of Business Entities",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course outlines the basic tax structure of the corporation and the partnership entity. Coverage includes the organization of the corporate and partnership entity, the capital structure, the determination and distribution of income, redemptions, liquidations, and reorganizations. Coverage also includes the taxation of the small business corporations. This course is designed to provide theoretical and practical experience with tie-ins to applicable tax forms. The case study method will be used where applicable. A class project or research paper will be required.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000023",
    "code": "ACC 330",
    "title": "Intermediate Accounting I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course begins with a review of the accounting process. Topics covered include balance sheet presentation, the time value of money, accounting for cash, receivables, inventory cost and valuation procedures, plant and equipment accounting, including acquisition use, retirement and special valuation problems, accounting for intangible assets, current liabilities and contingencies. Attention is given to the theory pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and other standard-setting bodies.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000024",
    "code": "ACC 330H",
    "title": "Intermediate Accounting I (Hon",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course begins with a review of the accounting process. Topics covered include balance sheet presentation, the time value of money, accounting for cash, receivables, inventory cost and valuation procedures, plant and equipment accounting, including acquisition use, retirement and special valuation problems, accounting for intangible assets, current liabilities and contingencies. Attention is given to the theory pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and other standard-setting bodies.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000025",
    "code": "ACC 331",
    "title": "Accounting Information Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course provides accounting students with the opportunity to become familiar with accounting information systems, systems and documentation flowcharts, information concepts and applications to the different areas in the transaction processing system. The course also covers accounting control procedures that are commonly used to detect, correct and prevent deficiencies in internal control, administrative control and in the transaction processing system for both the manual and computerized accounting processing systems. The course will include basic analysis and design of accounting information systems.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000026",
    "code": "ACC 331H",
    "title": "Accounting Info Sys (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course provides accounting students with the opportunity to become familiar with accounting information systems, systems and documentation flowcharts, information concepts and applications to the different areas in the transaction processing system. The course also covers accounting control procedures that are commonly used to detect, correct and prevent deficiencies in internal control, administrative control and in the transaction processing system for both the manual and computerized accounting processing systems. The course will include basic analysis and design of accounting information systems.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000027",
    "code": "ACC 350",
    "title": "Cost Accounting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Emphasis is placed on the conceptual, analytical and practical aspects of cost accounting as a tool for planning and controlling the operations of a business. Topics studied include the cost accounting cycle, the job order cost system, process costing, allocation of costs, joint and by-product costs, payroll accounting and budgeting.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000028",
    "code": "ACC 360",
    "title": "Government Not-For-Profit Acct",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the theory and concepts underlying financial accounting, control and reporting in governmental and not-for-profit organizations. It covers fund accounting, budget and control issues, revenue and expense recognition, financial reporting, accounting procedures and issues of reporting for both governmental and not-for-profit entities.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000029",
    "code": "ACC 370",
    "title": "Forensic Acc & Fraud Analysis",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course is an introduction to Forensic Accounting and Fraud Analysis. Topics include the nature of fraud, fraud prevention, fraud detection, financial statement fraud, revenue and inventory fraud, liability and asset fraud, inadequate disclosure fraud and fraud in E-commerce.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ACC 370",
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    "id": "bmcc-000030",
    "code": "ACC 430",
    "title": "Intermediate Accounting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course is a continuation of Intermediate Accounting I. A detailed study is made of the accounting for long term debt, investments in stocks and bonds, leases, pensions, accounting for income taxes and inflation accounting. Other topical coverage includes EPS, revenue recognition, preparation of the income statement, and the statement of cash flows. The stockholders' equity section of the balance sheet is examined, with particular reference to the accounting for capital stock, additional paid-in capital, and retained earnings. Attention is given to pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and other standard-setting bodies.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000031",
    "code": "ACC 450",
    "title": "Cost Accounting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Cost Accounting I",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ACC 450",
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    "id": "bmcc-000032",
    "code": "ACC 451",
    "title": "Cost Accounting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The uses of cost accounting concepts and methods that are used to guide management in controlling operations and in making decisions are studied. Topics covered include cost-profit-volume analysis, standard cost, flexible and capital budgeting, inventory planning and control, direct costing, and the contribution margin approach to product costing.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000033",
    "code": "ACC 470",
    "title": "Financial State Analysis",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Financial State Analysis",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ACC 470",
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    "id": "bmcc-000034",
    "code": "ACC 490",
    "title": "Acc Appl Data Proc",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Acc Appl Data Proc",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ACC 490",
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    "id": "bmcc-000035",
    "code": "ACC 550",
    "title": "Business Mach Ops",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Business Mach Ops",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ACC 550",
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    "id": "bmcc-000036",
    "code": "ACC 888",
    "title": "ACC Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "ACC Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ACC 888",
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    "id": "bmcc-000037",
    "code": "ACC 901",
    "title": "Acc Directed Study",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Acc Directed Study",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ACC 901",
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    "id": "bmcc-000038",
    "code": "ACC 902",
    "title": "Acc Directed Study",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Acc Directed Study",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ACC 902",
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    "id": "bmcc-000039",
    "code": "ACC 903",
    "title": "Accounting Directed Study",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Accounting Directed Study",
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    "code": "ACC 904",
    "title": "Acc Directed Study",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Acc Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000041",
    "code": "ACC 905",
    "title": "Acc Directed Study",
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    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Acc Directed Study",
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    "code": "ACC 906",
    "title": "Acc Directed Study",
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    "description": "Acc Directed Study",
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    "code": "ACC 907",
    "title": "Accounting Directed Study",
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    "hours": 7,
    "description": "Accounting Directed Study",
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    "code": "ACC 908",
    "title": "Acc Directed Study",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Acc Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000045",
    "code": "ACC 909",
    "title": "Acc Directed Study",
    "credits": 9,
    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Acc Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000046",
    "code": "ACC 912",
    "title": "Acc Directed Study",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Acc Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000047",
    "code": "ACE 1",
    "title": "ASAP College Experience I",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "ASAP College Experience I",
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    "id": "bmcc-000048",
    "code": "ACE 2",
    "title": "ASAP College Experience II",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "ASAP College Experience II",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000049",
    "code": "ACL 100",
    "title": "Creative Literacies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an inquiry-driven, creative course through which students will experiment with a range of multidisciplinary methods employed by creative thinkers (e.g., artists, activists, scientists, business leaders, advertisers, educators) and apply those methods to complete creative projects related to the field of literacy and language studies. Students will employ a range of multiliteracy strategies for creative thinking to make visible the processes involved in the acts of observing, imagining, envisioning, innovative problem-solving, and creating. Exploring how individuals use the tools of creativity for purposes of inquiry and creation in a wide range of literacy- and language-based contexts and practices, students will examine the relationship between experience and creative expression (e.g., creation and identity; creation as activist practice; creation as an act of healing). Students will reflect on their processes and explore how creation is also an act of learning.",
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      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000050",
    "code": "ACL 110",
    "title": "Literacy for the Humanities",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will learn academic strategies for reading and writing effectively and critically in the humanities and related fields (e.g., anthropology, law, political science, philosophy, religion, etc.). Students will apply strategies for navigating and interpreting an array of authentic texts in the humanities by focusing on vocabulary, grammatical and rhetorical choices, and authorial awareness. This course will ultimately help students think, read, and write like experts in the humanities.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000051",
    "code": "ACL 115",
    "title": "AI Literacies Innovative Thnkg",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Design thinking is a method of innovative thinking and critical reasoning that is a creative, empathy-driven, and transdisciplinary approach to solving real-world, theoretical/academic, “wicked”, and hypothetical problems. In this class, students practice the principles of design thinking and hone the information and critical literacy skills required to effectively, critically, and innovative employ generative artificial intelligence (AI) to solve problems in their respective fields of study. Specific attention will be paid to the strengths and limitations of generative AI and its ever-evolving nature. Through class discussions, interactive activities, group projects, and user-driver projects, students become flexible, proactive, and forward-thinking individuals with skill sets that are highly desirable in a range of increasing technology-driven academic and career settings. This course will be of interest to students in a variety of programs from business, marketing, and entrepreneurship to education, engineering, the arts and sciences, and allied health. This class will partially meet in a computer lab to allow for students to practice strategically and academic employing generative AI. This course is a collaboration between Academic Literacy & Linguistics and Business Management. The course is housed in and scheduled by Academic Literacy & Linguistics and taught by faculty in both departments.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ACL 115",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000052",
    "code": "ACL 120",
    "title": "Reading for Justice and Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will familiarize students with critical concepts that shape the U.S. legal system, and its administration of justice, with a concentration on reading to understand the relationship between law and justice and its impact on our daily lives. As such, students will learn about the systems and institutions that shape the legal framework of the United States through the reading of various texts, including, but not limited to, case studies, memoirs, scholarly articles, and investigative reports. Readings and discussions will center around the foundational elements of the U.S. legal system, such as the Constitution and the criminal justice system which students will critically analyze through varied legal and philosophical lenses. Topics may include theories of justice and law, with a focus on the penal system, trial by jury, the death penalty, and practical applications of legal vocabulary. Critical reading skills and comprehension of the lexicon of law and basic legal concepts will be prioritized throughout the course.",
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      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000053",
    "code": "ACL 125",
    "title": "Intro to the Study of Literacy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to a broad range of conversations in the interdisciplinary field of literacy studies. Students will examine the relationship between the individual (and their processes and practices), ?written? discourse (the discursive meaning of signs and structures), and social context. Students will discuss how scholars and practitioners from multiple disciplines and fields (e.g., arts, humanities, social/behavioral sciences, and natural sciences) have constructed the field of literacy studies, how they frame conversations to guide their scholarship and work, and how they employ varied and interdisciplinary methodologies to study and/or engage with literacy-based phenomena. To help students understand the interdisciplinary nature of the field, students will practice applying and blending disciplinary lenses to participate in and create interdisciplinary conversations about literacy processes, practices, and events. Special attention will be paid to the relationship between literacy practices, democracy, justice, and solidarity.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000054",
    "code": "ACL 135",
    "title": "Crit Literacies & Empowerment",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a personal and practical course through which students explore their own literacy processes and practices, reflecting upon the role that literacy has played in shaping their own lives, experiences, and identities and interrogating ideologies they hold about literacy and literate practice. Reflecting upon the ways in which they have been socialized into literacy practices, students will examine how their own literacy practices have been valued or negated, discuss literacy practices as both markers of identity and as tools for building identity, and reflect upon the relationship between their own literacy practices and their personal agency, voice, community engagement, and socioeconomic capital. A key aspect of this course will be engaging students in critical discussions of the concept of “cultural literacy” and its relationship to power, applying these discussions to their own lives.",
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      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000055",
    "code": "ACL 150",
    "title": "Literacy in the United States",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course asks students to investigate the varieties of literacy behaviors in American society as sociocultural phenomena. Students will be exposed to the research of major scholars in the interdisciplinary field of literacy research (e.g., New Literacy Studies) as a means of considering the role literacy and literacy behavior plays, both historically and in a contemporary context, in a diverse American society. Students will analyze the various definitions of literacy and track the development of multiple literacies in American society, specifically studying the transmission of literacy as a cultural value, particularly in oppressed communities. The course will provide the students with the opportunity to analyze and reflect on their personal relationship with literacy and opportunities for upward mobility in a stratified United States.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000056",
    "code": "ACL 150H",
    "title": "Literacy in the US (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Literacy in American Society asks students to investigate the varieties of literacy behaviors in American society as sociocultural phenomena. Students will be exposed to the research of major scholars in the interdisciplinary field of literacy research (e.g., New Literacy Studies) as a means of considering the role literacy and literacy behavior plays, both historically and in a contemporary context, in a diverse American society. Students will analyze the various definitions of literacy and track the development of multiple literacies in American society, specifically studying the transmission of literacy as a cultural value, particularly in oppressed communities. The course will provide the students with the opportunity to analyze and reflect on their personal relationship with literacy and opportunities for upward mobility in a stratified United States.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000057",
    "code": "ACL 175",
    "title": "Lit/Lang Prac Actvsm & SocChg",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Reflecting on activist texts and language events as part of the literacy traditions of democracy, students will examine, through critical literacy perspectives, how activism and activist practice are situated as literacy practices. Students will learn about the links between literacy and activism. Through frameworks like discourse and rhetorical analysis, students will critically analyze how identity and agency/empowerment are enacted in a broad range of activist texts and language events from across the globe. Specifically, students will analyze the varied ways that diverse activists with different perspectives employ a tradition of discursive and rhetorical strategies to create their movements in conversation with historic and contemporary texts/language events of social change.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000058",
    "code": "ACL 195",
    "title": "Literacy, Dev, and Soc Justice",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, students will examine how, in both “developed” and “developing” contexts, local, national, and global policies and institutions affect an individual’s socialization into and acquisition of literacy (e.g., in educational and social contexts). Specifically, students will examine how socialization into and acquisition of literacy relate to the civic participation and socioeconomic opportunities of members of marginalized and minority communities (e.g., communities organized around gender, class, colonial status, race/ethnicity/tribal affiliation, sexuality, and/or religious sect). Students will analyze, through intersectional and postcolonial lenses, how cultural conventions (e.g., norms, prejudices, hierarchies, and traditions) influence and are influenced by local, national, and global policies related to literacy practices and education (particularly as they relate to gender). Further, students will examine how, in an increasingly globalized and neocolonial world, conceptions of and access to literacies can affect a) the maintenance of cultural values and practices and b) an individual’s rights, agency, and mobility (particularly as these phenomena relate to gender). Emphasis will be on how literacy acquisition, civic participation, social justice, and socioeconomic opportunities relate to how gendered individuals are valued, perceived, and defined in various cultural contexts.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ACL 195",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000059",
    "code": "ACL 195H",
    "title": "Lit, Dev, and Soc Just (Hon)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, students will examine how, in both “developed” and “developing” contexts, local, national, and global policies and institutions affect an individual’s socialization into and acquisition of literacy (e.g., in educational and social contexts). Specifically, students will examine how socialization into and acquisition of literacy relate to the civic participation and socioeconomic opportunities of members of marginalized and minority communities (e.g., communities organized around gender, class, colonial status, race/ethnicity/tribal affiliation, sexuality, and/or religious sect). Students will analyze, through intersectional and postcolonial lenses, how cultural conventions (e.g., norms, prejudices, hierarchies, and traditions) influence and are influenced by local, national, and global policies related to literacy practices and education (particularly as they relate to gender). Further, students will examine how, in an increasingly globalized and neocolonial world, conceptions of and access to literacies can affect a) the maintenance of cultural values and practices and b) an individual’s rights, agency, and mobility (particularly as these phenomena relate to gender). Emphasis will be on how literacy acquisition, civic participation, social justice, and socioeconomic opportunities relate to how gendered individuals are valued, perceived, and defined in various cultural contexts.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ACL 195H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000060",
    "code": "ACL 200",
    "title": "Literacy Practices:Birth-Adole",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to help students understand a) how diverse children and adolescents learn, acquire, and utilize literacy skills and engage in literacy practices in varied contexts and b) how to support children’s literacy and development through culturally relevant practices. Students will analyze how cultural values affect beliefs about what it means to be literate in childhood and adolescence, and students will examine the relationship between cultural values, literacy practices, families, and communities. Students will practice meaningful strategies that will help them understand how to integrate literacy into family and community-based settings.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ACL 200",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000061",
    "code": "ACL 201",
    "title": "Lib, Archives, & Literacies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Focusing on the nature of libraries and archives as sites of justice, empowerment, resistance, and agency for diverse communities, this interdisciplinary course examines the special role that libraries and archives, as community organizations, play in both building individuals' literacy practices and expanding communities' access to literacy. In both historical and contemporaneous contexts, students will critically examine the ways in which diverse communities build libraries and archives and establish them as educational, communal, and cultural sites. Students engage with topics including, but not limited to, the role of the public library and archive as publicly funded literacy space, the diverse range of libraries and archives, the practices of resource selection and censorship, the role of the library in times of disaster, the role that space and design play in supporting literacy practices, and questions about how libraries and archives evolve to support the ever-expanding literacy needs of the communities they serve. Students will visit and observe libraries and archives in the New York City region.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ACL 201",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000062",
    "code": "ACL 205",
    "title": "Health Literacies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This interdisciplinary course asks students to examine the literacy skills individuals must possess in order to navigate complex discourses related to health and medicine and make informed decisions about physical and mental healthcare. Students will learn about and apply literacy strategies that diverse individuals across the lifespan (e.g., individuals with literacy and/or language [dis]abilities, ELLs, seniors) can employ to access, decode, comprehend, reason about, and apply the discourses of health and medicine. Through practical, hands-on activities, students will hone health literacy skills vital for both self-care and empathic advocacy of those in their care (e.g., children, siblings, parents). Students will also interrogate the role that health professionals and a range of organizations, including employers, can play in supporting individuals’ health literacies. Special attention will be paid to the role that access to health literacies play in building a socially just society.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002476",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000063",
    "code": "ACL 215",
    "title": "Literacies & Incarceration",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This interdisciplinary course critically examines the literacy identities, practices and initiatives of diverse incarcerated and post-incarcerated populations as well as those populations at risk for incarceration in the US penal system. Students will engage with scholarship, artifacts, personal narratives and testimonials, evaluating and analyzing debates and depictions of prison literacy policy and programs, including in various media. Furthermore, students will consider the design, implementation, and effectiveness of varied prison literacy initiatives and programs that target incarcerated and post-incarcerated populations. Students will also reflect on the impact of incarcerated individuals' literacy identities and practices in connection with their families and the immediate and the broader communities of which they are part.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000064",
    "code": "ACL 225",
    "title": "Adult Literacy Practices",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This interdisciplinary survey course introduces students to the role that the multiliteracies play in both the private and social lives of adults. Students will explore the relationships between adults’ identities, personal experiences, social worlds, and their literacy practices, examining how literacy practices help adults build community, engage in personal growth and exploration, acquire cultural capital, and engage in leisure and pleasure. Students will also critically analyze how access to organizational literacies (e.g., workplace, senior care) shape adults’ personal agencies, identities, communities, and access to social capital and power. Interrogating and troubling a broad range of ideologies about adult literacy, students will also explore how adults utilize literacy skills and practices to access their voices, dissent or resist, and advocate for social change. Special attention will be paid to empathically understanding the role that literacy practices play in the private and social lives of seniors.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000065",
    "code": "ACL 250",
    "title": "Literacy & Lang Disabilities",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Through this course, students will learn about diverse perspectives about language and literacy development, specifically atypical development, of children (birth through adolescence). Students will confront questions facing scholars regarding typical and atypical development as well as the nature of typical and atypical second and multiple language development. Specific attention will be paid to language disorders, language delays, dyslexia and developmental disorders related to language and literacy.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000066",
    "code": "ACL 275",
    "title": "Topics in Lit & Lang Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to a specific topic, concept, theme, or methodology in the interdisciplinary field of literacy and language studies. Topics will be designated by the respective professor with a sample syllabus approved by the respective program committee. The approved course description and learning outcomes for the respective selected topic will be made available to students during advisement and registration. Examples of future topics may include “literacies in contexts of disaster”, “cross-cultural perspectives of literacy”, “literacies, militaries, and veterans”, “bibliotherapy, literacy, and healing”, and more. Any course that is in collaboration with another department or proposed by a faculty member of another department must be signed off by the other department before being offered. Students can earn credit for ACL 275 only once in their academic career.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000067",
    "code": "ACL 300",
    "title": "Crit Local Lit: Inquiry in NYC",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this capstone research course, students will critically examine the ways in which literacy is practiced and manifested in diverse communities located in New York City (NYC) and its surrounding region. Under guidance of the course instructor, students will design and implement independent inquiry projects that blend and apply interdisciplinary methods and frameworks, investigating literacy-based phenomena in the NYC region. Attention will be paid to learning about scholarship on urban and geographic literacies and applying this knowledge to the NYC region.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000068",
    "code": "ACR BLIS95",
    "title": "BLIIS Reading",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This course provides a supportive environment in which students practice the reading habits needed in college, including skimming, scanning, paraphrasing, clarifying, questioning, recognizing what is implied, and use of evidence. Reading is followed by discussion so students can check their comprehension after spending intensive time reading a rich variety of fiction and nonfiction. BLIIS offers the opportunity to improve both skills and confidence before entering credit-bearing college courses. This course takes an integrated approach to reading and writing, emphasizing write-to-learn strategies; therefore the course must be taken concurrently with ESL BLIS 95. Successful completion of this course indicates a passing score on the ACT exam and is equivalent to successful completion of ACR 95.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000069",
    "code": "ACR CDI94",
    "title": "Acad Critical Read I-Cd Wrkshp",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Academic Critical Reading I - CD Workshop",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000070",
    "code": "ACR CDI95",
    "title": "Rdng & Stdy Skills II-Cd Wkshp",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Reading and Study Skills II-CD Workshop",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000071",
    "code": "ACR CLIP54",
    "title": "CLIP Reading I",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This course provides a supportive environment in which English language learners practice the reading habits for beginning and low intermediate reading in English. CLIP offers the opportunity to improve skills and confidence in reading for academic purposes. This course takes an integrated approach to reading and writing, and it is the first course in the CLIP sequence; therefore the course must be taken concurrently with ESL CLIP 54. Successful completion of this course leads to promotion to ACR CLIP 94.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000072",
    "code": "ACR CLIP94",
    "title": "CLIP Reading II",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
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    "id": "bmcc-000116",
    "code": "AFL 904",
    "title": "Afro-Latino Directed Study",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Afro-Latino Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000117",
    "code": "AFL 905",
    "title": "Afl Directed Study",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Afl Directed Study",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFL 905",
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    "id": "bmcc-000118",
    "code": "AFL 907",
    "title": "Afl Directed Study",
    "credits": 7,
    "hours": 7,
    "description": "Afl Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000119",
    "code": "AFL 908",
    "title": "Afl Directed Study",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Afl Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000120",
    "code": "AFL 909",
    "title": "Afl Directed Study",
    "credits": 9,
    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Afl Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000121",
    "code": "AFN 1",
    "title": "Black Stud Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Black Stud Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-000122",
    "code": "AFN 2LV",
    "title": "AFN 200-Level Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "AFN 200-Level Elective",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000123",
    "code": "AFN 101",
    "title": "African Art (Same as ART 801)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This is a survey course examining the function and form of African art in its past and present relationships to African cultures. The influence of African art forms on Western art is studied. Lectures, slides and visits to museums and galleries are included.",
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      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000124",
    "code": "AFN 102",
    "title": "African-American Art",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The aesthetic, cultural and social contexts of African American art are studied. Comparative studies of the art created by Haitian and African-American artists are included in the course. (Same as ART 802)",
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      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 102",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000125",
    "code": "AFN 121",
    "title": "Hist Of African Civilizations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines African \"civilizations\" from early antiquity to the decline of the West African Empire of Songhay. Through readings, lectures, discussions and videos, students will be introduced to the major themes and patterns that characterize the various African settlements, states, and empires of antiquity to the close of the seventeenth century. The course explores the wide range of social and cultural as well as technological and economic change in Africa, and interweaves African agricultural, social, political, cultural, technological, and economic history in relation to developments in the rest of the world, in addition to analyzing factors that influenced daily life such as the lens of ecology, food production, disease, social organization and relationships, culture and spiritual practice. This course will help to build a well-rounded knowledge base and understanding of the roles of Africa's peoples in human history.",
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      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000126",
    "code": "AFN 121H",
    "title": "Hist Of African Civiliz(Honor)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines African \"civilizations\" from early antiquity to the decline of the West African Empire of Songhay. Through readings, lectures, discussions and videos, students will be introduced to the major themes and patterns that characterize the various African settlements, states, and empires of antiquity to the close of the seventeenth century. The course explores the wide range of social and cultural as well as technological and economic change in Africa, and interweaves African agricultural, social, political, cultural, technological, and economic history in relation to developments in the rest of the world, in addition to analyzing factors that influenced daily life such as the lens of ecology, food production, disease, social organization and relationships, culture and spiritual practice. This course will help to build a well-rounded knowledge base and understanding of the roles of Africa's peoples in human history.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 121H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000127",
    "code": "AFN 122",
    "title": "Africa 1500 To Pres",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Africa from the beginnings of the Atlantic slave trade to the end of Colonialism in the late twentieth century is examined. The effect of Colonialism on economic and cultural patterns in the African diaspora is explored.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002466",
      "bmcc-002478",
      "bmcc-002480"
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    "id": "bmcc-000128",
    "code": "AFN 123",
    "title": "Af-Amer His To 1865",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a systematic examination of the participation of African American people in the political, economic and cultural history of the United States. The involvement of African Americans in abolitionism and in the development of social and cultural institutions in free black communities is analyzed.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002466"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000129",
    "code": "AFN 123H",
    "title": "Af-Amer His To 1865 (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a systematic examination of the participation of African American people in the political, economic and cultural history of the United States. The involvement of African Americans in abolitionism and in the development of social and cultural institutions in free black communities is analyzed.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 123H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000130",
    "code": "AFN 124",
    "title": "African-American History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Reconstructions I and II, the social Darwinist years, Civil Rights activism of the 1960's and the cumulative effects of institutionalized racism are set in an historical framework for comparative study. The course examines the impact of urbanization, institutional racism, economic and political policies on the life experiences of African-Americans. The dynamics of cultural, social and political interactions within the social structure of the nation since 1865 are analyzed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002466",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000131",
    "code": "AFN 124H",
    "title": "African-American Hist (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Reconstructions I and II, the social Darwinist years, Civil Rights activism of the 1960's and the cumulative effects of institutionalized racism are set in an historical framework for comparative study. The course examines the impact of urbanization, institutional racism, economic and political policies on the life experiences of African-Americans. The dynamics of cultural, social and political interactions within the social structure of the nation since 1865 are analyzed.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 124H",
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    "id": "bmcc-000132",
    "code": "AFN 125",
    "title": "Puerto Rican Culture Folklore",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the emergence of a national culture, folklore and identity. Topics include the Taino, Spanish and African contributions to the creation of a Criollo personality and character and the Puerto Rican family, race relations, the Jibaro, religion, and the arts. It reviews customs, traditions, celebrations, dances, legends, songs, proverbs, and hero/underdog stories as well as the impact of the United States culture.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000133",
    "code": "AFN 126",
    "title": "Caribbean History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of the economic, political and cultural institutions which characterize the present nations of the Caribbean, their antecedents in the post-Emancipation period and the prospects for the future.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478",
      "bmcc-002480"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 126",
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    "id": "bmcc-000134",
    "code": "AFN 127",
    "title": "Haitian History and Culture",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores the role of economics, culture, and world diplomacy in the development of the Republic of Haiti since the Revolution of 1791. The impact of Haitian intellectual and popular thought on prose, poetry, and art is examined.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478",
      "bmcc-002480"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 127",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/afn-127.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000135",
    "code": "AFN 128",
    "title": "Blk Women Amer/Cari",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The changing status of women in African traditional societies is compared with changes in the status of Black women in the United States, the Caribbean and Brazil.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478",
      "bmcc-002480"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 128",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/afn-128.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000136",
    "code": "AFN 128H",
    "title": "Blk Women Amer/Cari (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The changing status of women in African traditional societies is compared with changes in the status of Black women in the United States, the Caribbean and Brazil.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 128H",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/afn-128h.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000137",
    "code": "AFN 129",
    "title": "Blk Man In Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The effects of economic and social factors on socialization, status and levels of achievement among Black men are analyzed. The impact of institutional racism and underachievement on urbanized populations is explored in terms of access, social status and economic differentials.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 129",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000138",
    "code": "AFN 129H",
    "title": "Blk Man In Society (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The effects of economic and social factors on socialization, status and levels of achievement among Black men are analyzed. The impact of institutional racism and underachievement on urbanized populations is explored in terms of access, social status and economic differentials.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 129H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000139",
    "code": "AFN 130",
    "title": "The History of Haiti",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the history of Haiti from the late 15th century to the 21st century. Haiti's uniqueness stems from it being the first country founded by formerly enslaved Africans in the Americas; epitomizing the ultimate paragon of freedom for enslaved peoples throughout the 19th century in the western hemisphere. The course emphasizes the European colonization of the island, the enslavement of Africans, the Haitian Revolution, and Haiti's relationship with other countries, and the contributions of Africans and their descendants on the island. Through studying Haiti, students will have a unique vantage point onto a wealth of topics on modern Caribbean and world history and its struggle for popular democracy.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 130",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000140",
    "code": "AFN 152",
    "title": "The Black Radical Tradition",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course engages with the Black Radical Tradition (BRT), which is a long and diverse practice whose actors are dedicated to confronting anti-blackness and racism rooted in the histories and legacies of slavery and colonialism through scholarship, protest, community organizing and other direct action. In learning about the BRT, students will investigate terms like blackness, anti-blackness, diaspora, racism, class, gender, and sexuality and discuss how categories of difference appear in the literature we read. Students will identify how activists and other community members in and outside the US have put pressure on the structures and campaigns of violence committed against Black peoples. Moreover, we will examine how the BRT is a global exercise resisting colonialism throughout the world and intersecting with traditions like Pan-Africanism and anti-colonial activism.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478",
      "bmcc-002480"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 152",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/afn-152.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000141",
    "code": "AFN 154",
    "title": "Social Blk Urb Com",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Current theories of socialization, cultural transformation, and poverty are assessed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 154",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000142",
    "code": "AFN 251",
    "title": "African Natl & Soc",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "African Natl & Soc",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 251",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000143",
    "code": "AFN 253",
    "title": "The Black Experience in Africa",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide the student with an introduction to the cultures of selected African nations through travel, structured reading, and lectures conducted on the campuses of African colleges and universities. Requirements include a term paper.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 253",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000144",
    "code": "AFN 256",
    "title": "The Contemporary Black Family",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The Black family in current urban/suburban settings and the effects of changing value systems, the single-parent family, crises in education and economic stability are examined. Field visits to selected agencies and institutions are required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 256",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/afn-256.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000145",
    "code": "AFN 261",
    "title": "Black Contrib Sci",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Black Contrib Sci",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 261",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/afn-261.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000146",
    "code": "AFN 271",
    "title": "Found Black Psych",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course presents Black experiences through a psychological lens. Leaning on the work of leading Black psychologists and other theorists, this course examines critical issues related to race, ethnicity, education, Black families and other social factors embedded in both contemporary and historical contexts.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 271",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/afn-271.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000147",
    "code": "AFN 321",
    "title": "Afro-Amer Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of fiction, poetry and commentary by African American writers from the 18th century through the Harlem Renaissance to 1940.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 321",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/afn-321",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/afn-321.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000148",
    "code": "AFN 322",
    "title": "Contemporary Black Writers",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of fictional and non-fictional writing by African Americans from 1940 to the present.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 322",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/afn-322.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000149",
    "code": "AFN 335",
    "title": "History of Black Theater",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the evolution of the Black Theater as a distinctive cultural entity from the 1820's to the present.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 335",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000150",
    "code": "AFN 336",
    "title": "Blk Theatre Wkshp I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Blk Theatre Wkshp I",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 336",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000151",
    "code": "AFN 338",
    "title": "Caribbean Black Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course examines the emergence and growth of a distinct regional literature in English and French speaking nations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478",
      "bmcc-002480"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 338",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/afn-338.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000152",
    "code": "AFN 888",
    "title": "AFN Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "AFN Pending Transfer Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 888",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/afn-888.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000153",
    "code": "AFN 902",
    "title": "Blk Directed Study",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Blk Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AFN 902",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/afn-902",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The changing status of women in African traditional societies is compared with changes in the status of black women in the United States, the Caribbean and Brazil.",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "ANT 902",
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    "description": "Ant Directed Study",
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    "code": "ANT 907",
    "title": "Ant Directed Study",
    "credits": 7,
    "hours": 7,
    "description": "Ant Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000197",
    "code": "ANT 908",
    "title": "Anthropology Directed Study",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Anthropology Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000198",
    "code": "ANT 909",
    "title": "Anthropology Directed Study",
    "credits": 9,
    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Ant Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000199",
    "code": "ARB 1",
    "title": "Arabic Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Arabic Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-000200",
    "code": "ARB 3LV",
    "title": "Arabic 300-Level Elective",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Arabic 300-Level Elective",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000201",
    "code": "ARB 105",
    "title": "Elementary Arabic I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Elementary Arabic I is a complete beginner-level course for students who have had no previous background in Arabic. Listening, speaking, reading and writing are emphasized with an introduction to Arabic culture.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000202",
    "code": "ARB 106",
    "title": "Elementary Arabic II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will continue the study of basic Arabic begun in ARB 105. They will also further their skills in listening comprehension, speaking, reading and writing in Arabic.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARB 106",
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    "id": "bmcc-000203",
    "code": "ARB 107",
    "title": "Elem Arab for Speakers of Arab",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an elementary Arabic course for students who can speak Arabic but have no formal training in the language. This course is designed to help heritage speakers of Arabic to enhance their reading and writing competence of the target language in the formal and high-level register. The course especially focuses on improving students' Arabic grammar, usage, and their critical reading and writing strategies in Arabic through project-based assignments. This course is taught in Arabic. . Students who have taken ARB 105 and/or ARB 106 will not receive credit for this course.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000204",
    "code": "ARB 121",
    "title": "Elem Intensive Arabic I &II",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "This intensive course combines Arabic 105 and 106 into a one-semester course. It is designed for students who have had no previous background in Arabic. Students develop their skills in listening, comprehension, speaking and writing in Arabic. In addition to building vocabulary on everyday life, students develop the ability to introduce and describe themselves and others, their environment, preferences and lifestyles in Arabic. In the second half of the semester, students are introduced to the plural, and they will develop their ability to describe people and situations using more advanced grammar. The course also exposes students to different forms of Arabic cultures through different topics related to the Arab world.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000205",
    "code": "ARB 200",
    "title": "Intermediate Arabic I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers students an opportunity to enhance their Arabic reading, writing, speaking and comprehension skills through active class use of vocabulary and grammar. The course’s balanced four-skills approach endeavors to prepare students to use the language in a natural way for communication in a variety of situations. It emphasizes the use of language for oral communication without neglecting the other basic language skills. This class will use reading and writing activities to extend students’ grasp of vocabulary and grammatical structures and to further their comprehension of and ability to express themselves in Arabic.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000206",
    "code": "ARB 210",
    "title": "Intermediate Arabic II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to advance student proficiency and communication in Modern Standard Arabic. The structural and grammatical usages of Arabic are emphasized, as necessary linguistic tools for the improvement of the learner’s proficiency and fluency. The overall intended learning objective is to enable students to critically analyze Arabic texts and discourses, and express ideas in Arabic at an appropriate level. Advanced Arabic focuses on reading extracts of articles from journals, magazines, and newspapers, while incorporating music, advanced texts, and watching audio/video excerpts from major Arabic outlets.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000207",
    "code": "ARB 221",
    "title": "Inter Intensive Arabic I &II",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "This intensive course combines Arabic 200 and 210 into a one-semester course. It offers students an opportunity to enhance their Arabic reading, writing, speaking and comprehension skills through active class use of vocabulary and grammar. The course’s balanced four-skills approach endeavors to prepare students to use the language in a natural way for communication in a variety of situations. It emphasizes the use of language for oral communication, structural and grammatical usage as necessary linguistic tools for the improvement of the learner’s proficiency and fluency. This class will use reading and writing activities to extend students’ grasp of vocabulary and grammatical structures and to further their comprehension of and ability to express themselves in Arabic. The overall intended learning objective is to enable students to critically analyze Arabic texts and discourses, and express ideas in Arabic at an appropriate level. The second part of the semester focuses on reading extracts of articles from journals, magazines, and newspapers, while incorporating music, advanced texts, and watching audio/video excerpts from major Arabic outlets.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000208",
    "code": "ARB 300",
    "title": "Advanced Arabic",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is intended for upper intermediate and /or advanced students who have completed Arabic 210 or have had equivalent exposure to Modern Standard Arabic and are approved by the department to attend the course. The goal of this course is to extend students' growth in all communication skills by building up prior knowledge gained throughout the Arabic curriculum. The main activities of this course enhance reading, writing, conversation, translation, pronunciation, listening, and understanding Arabic. Students are exposed to advanced grammar and syntax, a wide range of cultural and social issues in Arabic-speaking countries, and different activities such as reading articles, magazines, newspapers, writing compositions, and having conversations/presentations in the target language. This course aims to strengthen the learners’ four basic linguistic skills of speaking, writing, listening, and reading to reach the advanced proficiency level.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000209",
    "code": "ARB 300H",
    "title": "Advanced Arabic (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is intended for upper intermediate and /or advanced students who have completed Arabic 210 or have had equivalent exposure to Modern Standard Arabic and are approved by the department to attend the course. The goal of this course is to extend students' growth in all communication skills by building up prior knowledge gained throughout the Arabic curriculum. The main activities of this course enhance reading, writing, conversation, translation, pronunciation, listening, and understanding Arabic. Students are exposed to advanced grammar and syntax, a wide range of cultural and social issues in Arabic-speaking countries, and different activities such as reading articles, magazines, newspapers, writing compositions, and having conversations/presentations in the target language. This course aims to strengthen the learners’ four basic linguistic skills of speaking, writing, listening, and reading to reach the advanced proficiency level.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000210",
    "code": "ARB 888",
    "title": "ARB Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "ARB Pending Transfer Credit",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000211",
    "code": "ART 1",
    "title": "Art Elective",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Art Elective",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000212",
    "code": "ART 2LV",
    "title": "Art 200-Level Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Art 200-Level Elective",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000213",
    "code": "ART 3LV",
    "title": "Art 300-Level Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Art 300-Level Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 3LV",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000214",
    "code": "ART 100",
    "title": "Found Dig Grap Desi",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This image-based course will introduce graphic design as the foundation upon which effective visual communication is built. Investigation of the elements and principles of graphic design will lead to specific design problems and their solution. The development of ideas and the ability to communicate them effectively will be covered. Discussion of both vector and bitmap-based digital graphic platforms will begin progress toward industry-standard computer proficiency.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 100",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000215",
    "code": "ART 101",
    "title": "Digital Imaging Studio I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce digital art image making, editing and design techniques as a foundation upon which an effective visual language is built. Beginning with an investigation of the elements and principles of digital design, students will discover a broad range of visual ideas, concepts and techniques to use in creating images. Expressing, evaluating and communicating ideas with visual images is a primary focus of this course. During the semester, students will use imaging and design software consistent with that in use by artists and other visual professionals as a beginning step towards professional standard computer proficiency.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 101",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000216",
    "code": "ART 102",
    "title": "Survey of Art History I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This introduction to art history includes the study of painting, sculpture, architecture and other media by surveying the Paleolithic period through the Late Gothic period using a global approach. This exploration of art and architecture in terms of history, social context, meaning and style will promote a general understanding of the development of art and style in different cultures and the effects of cultural exchange on the arts. Discussions of techniques, media, composition, and figure representation will provide an understanding of key concepts in the arts.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 102",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000217",
    "code": "ART 102H",
    "title": "Survey of Art Hist I (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This introduction to art history includes the study of painting, sculpture, architecture and other media by surveying the Paleolithic period through the Late Gothic period using a global approach. This exploration of art and architecture in terms of history, social context, meaning and style will promote a general understanding of the development of art and style in different cultures and the effects of cultural exchange on the arts. Discussions of techniques, media, composition, and figure representation will provide an understanding of key concepts in the arts.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 102H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000218",
    "code": "ART 103",
    "title": "Intro His.West Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course includes formal analysis of selected works of art: painting, sculpture, and architecture. It is also an approach to art from the perspective of its socio-historical context, primarily in Western culture.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002464",
      "bmcc-002480"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 103",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000219",
    "code": "ART 104",
    "title": "Survey of Art History II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Using a global approach, this introduction to art history includes the study of painting, sculpture, architecture and other media by surveying the Renaissance through the start of the twentieth century. The exploration of techniques, media, composition, and figure representation will provide an understanding of key concepts in the arts with additional focus on the historical and social context, which developed the meaning and changing styles in different cultures as well as the effects of cultural exchange through the arts",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 104",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000220",
    "code": "ART 104H",
    "title": "Survey of Art Hist II (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Using a global approach, this introduction to art history includes the study of painting, sculpture, architecture and other media by surveying the Renaissance through the start of the twentieth century. The exploration of techniques, media, composition, and figure representation will provide an understanding of key concepts in the arts with additional focus on the historical and social context, which developed the meaning and changing styles in different cultures as well as the effects of cultural exchange through the arts",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000221",
    "code": "ART 105",
    "title": "Color and Design",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course introduces students to basic color and compositional theories. Problems will be derived from these theories to give students a sound grasp of the use of color and design. In addition to being introduced to color compositional theories, students will become involved with color problems which demand the creative application of the principles of organization.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 105",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000222",
    "code": "ART 106",
    "title": "Modern and Contemporary Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This introduction to Modern Contemporary art history includes the study of painting, sculpture, architecture and other media by surveying the development and evolution of artistic styles using a global approach. Emphasis will be placed on groundbreaking artistic movements in context to their historical framework. Students will learn the importance of innovative practices, techniques, and new avenues of exploration, by understanding the socio-political and cultural events that influenced artists to create groundbreaking works, which have led the way to Contemporary Art.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 106",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000223",
    "code": "ART 107",
    "title": "Color and Design I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to basic color theory and to fundamental elements and principles of two-dimensional design. Through studio exercises, students explore concepts of color theory and develop skills working with traditional drawing, painting and mixed media. Through design projects, students apply learned skills, work with principles of design, and engage in creative problem solving relating theory to practice.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 107",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000224",
    "code": "ART 110",
    "title": "Art Survey I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This introduction to art principles and terms includes the study of the plastic arts: nature, content and form. The meaning of illusion and abstraction, style and the changing concept of reality in art throughout history are explored. Selected paintings, sculpture and architecture are examined.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 110",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000225",
    "code": "ART 113",
    "title": "History of Graphic Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This survey course traces the history of graphic design, from the origins of graphic imagery and writing systems to contemporary graphic design. Emphasis will be placed on the development of visual communication and typography, impact of the Industrial Revolution on design, the Modernist era?s effect on visual communication, impact of the desktop publishing revolution and the development of contemporary techniques of information design.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002464"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 113",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000226",
    "code": "ART 120",
    "title": "Art Survey II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Art Survey II",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 120",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000227",
    "code": "ART 122",
    "title": "History of Photography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will examine many aspects of the history of photography from 1839 to the present. From its inception as a tool for science, art, and travel, photography has become a unique device for seeing, exploring, and documenting the world and its people. We will analyze the progression and evolution of its technical and aesthetic innovations, leading to photography?s present position in contemporary culture. Additionally, we will consider photography?s global influence on cultural history, portraiture, film, landscape, pop culture, surveillance and social documentation. Museum visit required.*",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002443"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 122",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000228",
    "code": "ART 125",
    "title": "Intro to Latin American Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This survey examines the art and architecture of Latin America from the pre-Columbian era to the present. The course begins with an analysis of pre-Hispanic iconography, styles, traditions, and techniques in Meso, Central, South America, and the Caribbean. The art of colonial Latin America will be explored to understand the cultural complexity that characterized Spanish colonialism. The development of Modern art in Latin America, following independence and nation building in the 19th century, will be discussed as a series of responses to the influence of international movements and ideas. The course culminates in the exploration of Contemporary Latin American and Latina/o art, including Chicana/o art. Museum visit required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002480"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 125",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000229",
    "code": "ART 126",
    "title": "Introduction to African Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This survey examines African artifacts, arts, and architecture from Prehistory to the present by introducing several cultures and regions and the production of art objects in each. Both Pre- and Post- Colonial Africa will be considered to understand influences on indigenous African art, as well as the influence of African art forms on “Western” art. Emphasis is placed on distinguishing and analyzing the functions and forms of art objects produced by diverse African cultures created in relation to socio- political frameworks. Attention will also be given to “traditional concepts” of art history and so-called \"primitive\" art. This will promote a basic understanding of the development of African visual traditions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002480"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 126",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000230",
    "code": "ART 133",
    "title": "Photography I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers students an introduction to the art of creating photographs. Basic technical, theoretical, and aesthetic aspects inherent to contemporary photography are presented. During the semester, a range of camera techniques, including exposure, depth of field, shutter speed and composition are investigated. Reading, writing, and oral assignments will reflect on both technical aspects of photography and on contemporary practice. Note: a 35mm SLR camera with fully manual controls is required for this class.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 133",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000231",
    "code": "ART 133H",
    "title": "Photography I (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers students an introduction to the art of creating photographs. Basic technical, theoretical, and aesthetic aspects inherent to contemporary photography are presented. During the semester, a range of camera techniques, including exposure, depth of field, shutter speed and composition are investigated. Reading, writing, and oral assignments will reflect on both technical aspects of photography and on contemporary practice. Note: a 35mm SLR camera with fully manual controls is required for this class.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000232",
    "code": "ART 143",
    "title": "3D Design: Materials & Methods",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "ART 143 is a studio course that combines hands-on processes with digital methods to explore the fundamentals of three-dimensional design and creative thinking for students in all disciplines. The course introduces the elements and principles of 3D design used across fields of art, design, and business to address three-dimensional problems. It covers a range of materials including wire, paper, board, and mixed media, and integrates hands-on fabrication techniques alongside digital methods. Students can engage with digital tools such as 3D modeling software and utilize fabrication equipment like 3D printers and CNC machines to materialize their designs. The course emphasizes critical thinking and the creative process from ideation and research to model-making, revisions, and the final design or prototype, providing a comprehensive approach to both traditional and digital three-dimensional design and fabrication.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000233",
    "code": "ART 161",
    "title": "Drawing I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course covers basic drawing problems aimed at the achievement of manual skills in freehand drawing, drawing from objects from nature and conceptual drawings.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 161",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000234",
    "code": "ART 164",
    "title": "Life Drawing",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Students are introduced to various drawing media and techniques. Rendering problems dealing with gesture, action, proportion, form and anatomical structure are pursued. Charcoal, pencil, conte crayon, ink and wash, marking pen and various papers (cold and hot press, rice, newsprint and prepared surfaces) are used. Selected readings and attendance at drawing shows in museums and galleries are required.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000235",
    "code": "ART 166",
    "title": "Drawing Studio I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This introductory course covers a range of basic approaches to drawing and addresses the development of manual skills in freehand drawing, drawing of objects from nature and idea-oriented approaches to drawing. This course will satisfy drawing requirements for transfer within the CUNY system, as well as professional art schools.",
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      "bmcc-002481"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000236",
    "code": "ART 171",
    "title": "Introduction to Painting",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to have the beginning student explore painting techniques, with an introduction to the use of various media. Strong emphasis is placed on formal concerns (figure and object).",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000237",
    "code": "ART 174",
    "title": "Painting Studio I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This three credit course is designed to have the beginning student explore painting techniques, with an introduction to the use of various media. Strong emphasis is placed on formal concerns (figure and objects). This course will satisfy painting requirements for transfer within the CUNY system as well as professional art schools.",
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      "bmcc-002481"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000238",
    "code": "ART 174H",
    "title": "Painting Studio I (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This three credit course is designed to have the beginning student explore painting techniques, with an introduction to the use of various media. Strong emphasis is placed on formal concerns (figure and objects). This course will satisfy painting requirements for transfer within the CUNY system as well as professional art schools.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000239",
    "code": "ART 175",
    "title": "Intro Visual Story",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The class introduces students to the basic elements of visual storytelling, including comics. Through class exercises and assignments, students will learn how to create narratives that combine images and text. Exercises are designed to develop both drawing and scripting skills. Techniques learned can be applied to storyboarding for film and animation as well as to creating graphic narratives.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000240",
    "code": "ART 176",
    "title": "Comic Art 1",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This introductory course covers a range of techniques and concepts as they concern visual storytelling. Through class exercises and assignments, students will earn to create narratives that effectively combine images and text while developing drawing, design and script writing skills. Outcomes can be applied to working in film, animation, and other two-dimensional or three-dimensional graphic narratives. Through lectures, research and production, students will expand their visual vocabulary while broadening the influences on their work.",
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      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 176",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000241",
    "code": "ART 181",
    "title": "Introduction to Sculpture",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course introduces students to three-dimensional sculptural form, using both traditional and contemporary materials and methods. Clay and other media are used in hands-on practice as a means of creative expression and for appreciating and understanding the language of sculpture.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000242",
    "code": "ART 183",
    "title": "Sculpture Studio I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an introductory studio course exploring three-dimensional sculptural form, using both traditional and contemporary materials and methods. Clay and other media are used in hands-on practice as a means of expression and for understanding the language of sculpture, including focus on the creative process from idea to completion. This course is intended to satisfy basic sculpture requirements for transfer within CUNY, as well as professional art programs.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 183",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000243",
    "code": "ART 191",
    "title": "Introduction to Films",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Introduction to Films",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 191",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000244",
    "code": "ART 201",
    "title": "Digital Imaging Studio II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course, a continuation of Art 101, will further develop the use of digital imaging principles as an essential part of photographic editing. Essential digital imaging skills will include input, editing, archiving and output as part of the creative process. A range of approaches to producing, processing, and printing digital images will be explored as they relate to current practices.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000245",
    "code": "ART 205",
    "title": "Reproduction Techniques",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Reproduction Techniques",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000246",
    "code": "ART 206",
    "title": "Typography",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course will deal with fundamental letter and type forms. A study of basic categories and individual characteristics of letter styles will be made. Procedures to develop skill in rendering through the use of pencil, pen and brush will be among the studio problems. Design problems using type as an element will also be presented.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 206",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000247",
    "code": "ART 210",
    "title": "Modern Art",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "An analysis is made by exploring the use of the visual elements in modern art. The major movements are discussed in relation to the individual artist's expression in terms of changing historical, social and cultural periods.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 210",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000248",
    "code": "ART 214",
    "title": "Advertising Design I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to advertising, visual communication, layout, merchandising and research problems, letter forms and typography. It is directed toward creative and imaginative problem solving. The student learns how to use thumbnail sketches, indication and comprehensive layout for individual advertisements, as well as complete campaign planning for space, television media and direct mail. Trademarks, letterheads and packaging are also covered. The course provides a broad overview of advertising design.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 214",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000249",
    "code": "ART 215",
    "title": "Typography and Layout",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will explore type design and its application in visual communication. Students will study the formal qualities of typefaces and their historical origins. Students will learn to manipulate type properties to design meaningful and effective graphic communication. The use of industry-standard desktop publishing software will be covered as well and will be applied to a range of typographic solutions.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 215",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000250",
    "code": "ART 220",
    "title": "Survey of Non-Western Art",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to and survey of art produced in Africa, India, Oceania, and Pre-Columbian North America (Indian). Basic modes of primitive art will be presented and assessed in historical relationship to cultures past and present.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002464"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 220",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000251",
    "code": "ART 221",
    "title": "Pre-Columbian Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course investigates the history of art produced by indigenous people of Mesoamerica and the Andes region of South America from 2000 BCE to 1535 CE. We will study significant artworks, including mural paintings, sculptures, architecture, and portable objects, in relation to the socio-historical contexts in which they were created. We also will explore the distinctive artistic styles, forms, and aesthetics of Pre-Columbian art along with themes, beliefs, and diverse cultural characteristics associated with them.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002480"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 221",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000252",
    "code": "ART 224",
    "title": "Advertising Illustration I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course deals with examination and exploration of the advertising artist's tools and materials. The studio problems of illustrating, the effects of color, the elements of drawing and painting and the procedures of creating a finished concept of illustration in a variety of techniques for reproduction will be covered. Compositional problems dealing with singular and group figures will be assigned. Black and white, one, two and full-color handling in line, tone and mass, waters, acrylics, dyes and other pigments will be among the practical studio problems, in addition to color films and paper and their proper uses.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000253",
    "code": "ART 225",
    "title": "Digital Imaging Graphic Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course continues the study of digital imaging as it relates to graphic design. A core philosophy for this class is the introduction of photographic images as a basis for approaching 2D design concepts. During the semester, this course shall cover digital input, editing, archiving and the beginning of the study of digital output. Conceptual and technical digital shooting assignments will be assigned to expand students? skills and support topics covered in class. Reading and writing will focus on the use of technology in propelling digital imaging and design.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 225",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000254",
    "code": "ART 230",
    "title": "Design I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "For the beginning student, critical and artistic ability are developed by executing problems of two-dimensional design such as color relationships, composition, pattern, line, shape and texture. Emphasis is placed on exploring aspects of design and techniques as they apply to the student's work.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000255",
    "code": "ART 233",
    "title": "Photography II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This introductory course covers digital photography printing including basic retouching and editing. Students will learn the importance of digital workflow, and how it pertains to professional post-production scenarios. Beginning with downloading images from cameras or capture devices, students will learn to use appropriate naming and filing conventions, meta data, basic editing and retouching images, archiving, and digital printing. Through introduction to new material, research, and printing new images, students will expand their technical and visual skills beyond the initial image.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000256",
    "code": "ART 234",
    "title": "Photography I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course offers a basic introduction to technical, theoretical, and aesthetic aspects of photography. A 35mm camera in working condition is required.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000257",
    "code": "ART 235",
    "title": "Visual Comm & Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course builds upon principles and skills learned in Foundations of Digital Design. Students will apply the principles underlying effective visual communication to increasingly complex design problems. Projects may include poster design, symbols and logos, editorial design, information design, visual identity and branding and other design systems. Critical analysis of design problems and the creative design process will be emphasized. Students will complete reading and writing assignments in addition to problems in visual communications and design.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000258",
    "code": "ART 237",
    "title": "Photographic Studio & Light I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to working with studio lighting as in a professional graphic studio. The assignments will introduce a range of lighting systems including tungsten, studio and portable flash, natural light, and mixed sources. Artistic and technical problems associated with portraiture, still life, product and fine art photography will be addressed. Hand-held meters, flash meters, lighting accessories, filters, and an introduction to medium and large format cameras will be covered during the semester. Through lectures, research and production of new work, students will expand their understanding of light and lighting while broadening the influences on their work.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000259",
    "code": "ART 238",
    "title": "Photography Exper & Projects",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This advanced project-based course leads students through a series of technical and visual exercises, culminating in a self-directed body of work. Students will explore issues and working methods in contemporary fine-art photography; topics will include using flash and studio lighting, advanced exposure solutions, and historical and contemporary photography practices. Readings, discussions and critiques will lead students to create original portfolios. Investigating their individual motivation for and interest in exploring contemporary fine-art photography, will promote a sustained involvement in photography as a communication medium of personal, social and cultural significance.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000260",
    "code": "ART 240",
    "title": "Design II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is concerned with three-dimensional design problems and is geared to the advanced student who wishes to expand his/her knowledge of formal problems concerned with mass, volume and shape in a variety of materials.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000261",
    "code": "ART 243",
    "title": "3D Design: Methods & Materials",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a hands-on studio course exploring three-dimensional design problems, geared to the advanced student who wishes to expand his/her knowledge of formal issues of mass, volume, and shape in a variety of materials. Emphasis is placed on the creative process and problem-solving, moving from idea to revision to completed design. This course is intended to satisfy 3D design requirements for transfer within CUNY, as well as professional art programs.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000262",
    "code": "ART 244",
    "title": "Art and Communication I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Art and Communication I",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000263",
    "code": "ART 250",
    "title": "Art of the Far East",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "As an introduction of Far Eastern art, this course traces the evolution of art styles of the countries of Eastern Asia: India, South East Asia, Indonesia, Central Asia, China, Korea, and Japan. Art styles of these countries are discussed separately in chronological order, in relation to those of the other countries. This course encourages appreciation of Asian art by emphasizing the following: (1) analyzing the styles in relation to their historical and social context; (2) understanding the basic elements, techniques, and theories of forms of painting, sculpture, and architecture in comparison with those of Western art.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002464"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 250",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000264",
    "code": "ART 251",
    "title": "Asian Art History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course investigates the history and development of Asian Art, including East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, from the Neolithic period to the nineteenth century. We will study significant artworks, including paintings, sculpture, and architecture, in relation to the sociohistorical contexts in which they were created. We also will explore distinctive artistic styles, forms, and aesthetics of Asian art along with themes, beliefs, and diverse cultural characteristics associated with them.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000265",
    "code": "ART 251H",
    "title": "Asian Art History (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course investigates the history and development of Asian Art, including East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia, from the Neolithic period to the nineteenth century. We will study significant artworks, including paintings, sculpture, and architecture, in relation to the sociohistorical contexts in which they were created. We also will explore distinctive artistic styles, forms, and aesthetics of Asian art along with themes, beliefs, and diverse cultural characteristics associated with them.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 251H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000266",
    "code": "ART 261",
    "title": "Drawing II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "An extension of ART 301, this course places emphasis on the human figure, with concentrated attention on formal concerns of design and composition.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 261",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000267",
    "code": "ART 266",
    "title": "Drawing Studio II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course, a continuation of ART 166, emphasizes formal drawing concerns, such as design, composition, and the introduction of a variety of new media. Advanced projects include still-life, landscape, perspective, portraiture and rendering the human figure. This course will satisfy drawing requirements for transfer within the CUNY system, as well as professional art schools.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000268",
    "code": "ART 269",
    "title": "Life Drawing Studio I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to a basic study of representing the human body. Students work from nude models using a variety of techniques and media while investigating the basics of skeletal and muscular anatomy. This course will satisfy drawing requirements for transfer within the CUNY system, as well as professional art schools.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 269",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000269",
    "code": "ART 270",
    "title": "Portrait Drawing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers basic approaches to drawing a portrait, anatomical study and discussion of portraiture as a genre. Students will study concepts including contour line, value, composition, measuring and space. Students will study the figure with an emphasis on the head, neck and shoulders, the skull, muscles, landmarks and planar structure. Through focused, observational drawing of portraits, students will heighten visual awareness, improve drawing skills and deepen their understanding of the human form.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000270",
    "code": "ART 271",
    "title": "Painting I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is an intermediate study of painting techniques during which students work in mixed media. Strong emphasis is placed on formal concerns (figure and object).",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 271",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000271",
    "code": "ART 274",
    "title": "Painting Studio II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course continues the development of technical, analytical, and perceptual skills and enhances the advancement of an individual approach to painting. The course will satisfy studio requirements of transfer within the CUNY system as well as professional art schools.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 274",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000272",
    "code": "ART 274H",
    "title": "Painting Studio II (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course continues the development of technical, analytical, and perceptual skills and enhances the advancement of an individual approach to painting. The course will satisfy studio requirements of transfer within the CUNY system as well as professional art schools.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 274H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000273",
    "code": "ART 276",
    "title": "Comic Art II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to extend the skills and abilities of students who can already combine images and text through drawings, designs and script writing. Students will create several theme-based assignments as if working professionally in the two-dimensional or three-dimensional graphic narrative field. In-class project development will include the sharing of multiple-scenario outcomes. Through lectures, research, and production, students will expand their visual vocabulary while broadening the variety of influences of their own work.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 276",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000274",
    "code": "ART 281",
    "title": "Sculpture I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course, geared toward individual study, is an extension of ART 181. The use of materials for specific creative expression of the sculptor: modeling, carving, and metal working are explored.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 281",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000275",
    "code": "ART 283",
    "title": "Sculpture Studio II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This intermediate sculpture course is an extension of ART 183. Directed toward individual study, students continue to explore their interests in sculpture, including modeling, carving, and assemblage in clay, plaster, and mixed media. In addition, students learn the casting process, and practice visual and verbal analysis",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 283",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000276",
    "code": "ART 285",
    "title": "Figure Sculpture I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This intermediate course introduces a range of basic approaches to sculpting the figure; students will develop the skills needed to accurately sculpt from life. Students’ observational and reasoning skills are developed by providing a clear understanding of the fundamental principles of sculpting. Emphasis is placed on Gesture, Proportion, and Form. These three principles build on one another with a focus on accurately portraying observations, resulting in three-dimensional life studies in clay.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 285",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000277",
    "code": "ART 290",
    "title": "Medieval Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed as a survey of Medieval Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire through the Gothic Period. A study of the artistic and architectural traditions borrowed from antiquity and the new developments generated during the Carolingian, Romanesque, and Gothic periods will be explored as they lead to the birth of Modern Europe. Museum visit is required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002480"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 290",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000278",
    "code": "ART 290H",
    "title": "Mediev Art:Faith &Mig (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed as a survey of Medieval Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire through the Gothic Period and beginnings of the Renaissance. A study of the artistic and architectural traditions borrowed from antiquity and the new developments of the periods discussed will be conducted to develop an understanding of the broader context of the migrating peoples and the Christan traditions spreading throughout the regions as Modern Europe is born.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 290H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000279",
    "code": "ART 291",
    "title": "Film I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Film I",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 291",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000280",
    "code": "ART 292",
    "title": "Renaissance & Baroque Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an overview of the Fifteenth through Seventeenth Centuries in Europe, with a focus on the discoveries made in the arts and beyond. In an age when patrons and artists considered themselves intellectuals and explorers, this course will examine individual artists, artworks, materials and techniques, and the ever growing need to \"create\" something new. Students will conduct their own exploration of the contextual topics surrounding the arts, the lasting influences, and the influences on and by other cultures transmitted through trade and travel.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002480"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 292",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000281",
    "code": "ART 293",
    "title": "Ancient Greece and Rome",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed as a survey of the Greco-Roman traditions in the art and architecture of ancient Greece and Rome. Major works, themes, techniques and artists will be presented to better understand the influences of the arts from previous periods and diverse cultures, as well as the continuing influences of antiquity through the ages. The course will also focus on the historical and cultural issues that provide context for the works of art including philosophical, social, religious, political and economic influences.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 293",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000282",
    "code": "ART 293H",
    "title": "Ancient Greece & Rome (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed as a survey of the Greco-Roman traditions in the art and architecture of ancient Greece and Rome. Major works, themes, techniques and artists will be presented to better understand the influences of the arts from previous periods and diverse cultures, as well as the continuing influences of antiquity through the ages. The course will also focus on the historical and cultural issues that provide context for the works of art including philosophical, social, religious, political and economic influences.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 293H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000283",
    "code": "ART 294",
    "title": "18th & 19th Century Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The survey of Eighteen-and Nineteenth-Century Art traces the development of the visual arts throughout the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution from c. 1700 to 1900 in Europe and North America. Emphasis will be placed on the chronological development of style from the Baroque, to the Rococo, Neo-Classical, Romantic, Realist, and Impressionist Movements, as well as the development of photography, and the foundations laid for the arts and artists of the 20th century.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002480"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 294",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000284",
    "code": "ART 295",
    "title": "African-American Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the role of African-American artists from the Antebellum period to Contemporary Art. It focuses on historical, social, and political contexts, meanings, and will promote a general understanding of the development of art forms and styles from different periods. Although emphasis is placed on visual traditions of sculpture, painting, performance art, photography, video, and media technologies, focus will also be placed on \"folk art\" traditions. A visit to a museum is required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 295",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000285",
    "code": "ART 300",
    "title": "Documentary & Narrative Photo",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to concepts and approaches in shooting still photographs for use in visual communication including photojournalism, documentary, and personal narrative. The assignments explore a range of techniques and ideas as the relate to specific photographic genres, including light and use of lighting, narrative, and the ethics of fact vs. fiction. Through lectures, research and production of new work, students will expand their understanding of these genres in photography.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 300",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000286",
    "code": "ART 301",
    "title": "Drawing I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course covers basic drawing problems aimed at the achievement of manual skills in freehand drawing, drawing from objects from nature and conceptual drawings.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 301",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000287",
    "code": "ART 302",
    "title": "Drawing II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "An extension of ART 301, this course places emphasis on the human figure, with concentrated attention on formal concerns of design and composition.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 302",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000288",
    "code": "ART 303",
    "title": "Digital-Imaging Post Prod",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers advanced digital image retouching and editing. Students learn digital editing and retouching skills at a professional level. Issues relating to these skills include color calibration and retouching ethics. Through introduction to new material, research, and the production of new images, students will expand their technical and visual skills relating to retouching photographic images.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 303",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000289",
    "code": "ART 310",
    "title": "Draw and Paint I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Draw and Paint I",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 310",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000290",
    "code": "ART 311",
    "title": "Painting I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Painting I",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 311",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000291",
    "code": "ART 312",
    "title": "Painting II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Painting II",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 312",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000292",
    "code": "ART 313",
    "title": "Painting III",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Painting III",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 313",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000293",
    "code": "ART 314",
    "title": "Advertising Design II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course focuses on advanced problems in advertising for print. The refinement of skills will be emphasized for making comprehensive layouts. Selected studio problems in space advertisement, annual reports, posters, book jackets, and record albums are presented.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 314",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000294",
    "code": "ART 315",
    "title": "Print Process & Portfolio Lab",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers two topics essential for students who intend on pursuing careers in graphic design: prepress production and portfolio design. Students will learn the art and science of preparing and optimizing graphic files for print on commercial offset lithography printers as well as on personal inkjet printers. This course will also guide students throughout the creation of a cohesive design portfolio, showcasing their creative and technical skills.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 315",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000295",
    "code": "ART 320",
    "title": "Draw and Paint II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Draw and Paint II",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 320",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000296",
    "code": "ART 324",
    "title": "Advertising Illustration II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This is a continuation of Art 224.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 324",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000297",
    "code": "ART 330",
    "title": "Advanced Drawing and Painting",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Advanced Drawing and Painting",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 330",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000298",
    "code": "ART 334",
    "title": "Photography II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is presented as a more technical and professional approach to various photographic disciplines. Advanced procedures in \"full-phase\" darkroom, the operation of various camera formats and the uses of natural and studio lighting will be covered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 334",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000299",
    "code": "ART 335",
    "title": "Comm Photo & Career Strat",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course gives students an understanding of the realities of running a small photography business. Students are introduced to building a commercial photography portfolio and how to promote it. The basics of record keeping, budgeting, career and business planning, estimating, billing, contracts and writing standard business forms are also introduced during this course. Communicating through email and social media outlets is emphasized. Students also learn various options and aspects of working in the editorial and in the fine art world and how to strive to be employed as a photographer.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 335",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000300",
    "code": "ART 340",
    "title": "Graphics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Graphics",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 340",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000301",
    "code": "ART 350",
    "title": "Sculpture",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Sculpture",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 350",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000302",
    "code": "ART 351",
    "title": "Sculpture I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Sculpture I",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 351",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000303",
    "code": "ART 352",
    "title": "Sculpture II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Sculpture II",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 352",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000304",
    "code": "ART 353",
    "title": "Sculpture III",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Sculpture III",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 353",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000305",
    "code": "ART 354",
    "title": "Graphic Design I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course deals with specific design problems through the development of ideas and the ability to communicate them effectively. Corporate identification dealing both with the concept and realization of that concept through final presentation will include color, composition and structure, symbology, typography and production.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 354",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000306",
    "code": "ART 361",
    "title": "Filmmaking I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Filmmaking I",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 361",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/art-361.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000307",
    "code": "ART 362",
    "title": "Filmmaking II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Filmmaking II",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ART 362",
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    "code": "ART 366H",
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    "code": "ART 369",
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    "code": "ART 381",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is geared toward individual study and the concerns of the advanced sculpture student.",
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    "code": "ART 383",
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    "id": "bmcc-000317",
    "code": "ART 391",
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    "code": "ART 405",
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    "code": "ART 410",
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    "description": "Sculpture",
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    "code": "ART 414",
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    "hours": 2,
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    "code": "ART 424",
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    "hours": 2,
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    "hours": 2,
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    "code": "ART 450",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "id": "bmcc-000326",
    "code": "ART 454",
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    "hours": 2,
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    "code": "ART 801",
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    "hours": 2,
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    "id": "bmcc-000328",
    "code": "ART 802",
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    "hours": 2,
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    "code": "ART 888",
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    "code": "ART 901",
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    "code": "ART 903",
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    "code": "ART 903H",
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    "id": "bmcc-000334",
    "code": "ART 904",
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    "code": "ART 905",
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    "code": "ART 906",
    "title": "Art Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000337",
    "code": "ART 907",
    "title": "Art Directed Study",
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    "hours": 7,
    "description": "Art Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000338",
    "code": "ART 908",
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    "description": "Art Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000339",
    "code": "ART 909",
    "title": "Art Directed Study",
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    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Art Directed Study",
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    "code": "ART 912",
    "title": "Art Directed Study",
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    "description": "Art Directed Study",
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    "description": "Introductory American Sign Language I is a beginner course designed to develop skill in a form of manual communication used primarily by American-born deaf persons in interpersonal (face-to-face) relations. The main objective is develop signed communication skills, comprehension skills, sign literacy and expressive skills, and develop a further awareness of culture of deaf and hard of hearing users of ASL.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000342",
    "code": "ASL 105H",
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    "description": "Introductory American Sign Language I is a beginner course designed to develop skill in a form of manual communication used primarily by American-born deaf persons in interpersonal (face-to-face) relations. The main objective is develop signed communication skills, comprehension skills, sign literacy and expressive skills, and develop a further awareness of culture of deaf and hard of hearing users of ASL.",
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    "code": "ASL 106",
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    "description": "Introductory American Sign Language II is a second semester language course. The main objective is to improve signed communications skills, expand comprehension skills, increase sign literacy and expressive skills, and develop a further awareness of the culture of deaf and hard and hearing users of ASL.",
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    "code": "ASL 121",
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    "code": "ASN 111",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000350",
    "code": "ASN 114H",
    "title": "Asian Amer. History (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The Asian American presence from the mid-nineteenth century to the present is studied. Three periods, 1848 to 1943, 1943 to 1965, and 1965 to the present are examined. Topics are designed to focus on the impact of historical processes on the cultural, economic and political experiences of diverse Asian American groups in urban and rural communities. The multi-ethnic aspects of Asian American communities are explored.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000351",
    "code": "ASN 129",
    "title": "Intro to the Middle East",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course aims to introduce students to the Middle East, from the rise of Islam to contemporary times. It takes a cross-disciplinary approach, designed to allow students the chance to examine the region from a number of different perspectives; not only an historical one, but also those of literature, religion, economics, politics and international relations. It is hoped that at minimum, the course will provide a sound basis by which students might better frame their understanding of the region; at maximum, that it might stimulate a desire to further explore the region in greater depth. Particularly given the tendency of the media to view the region largely in terms of current events, it is hoped that by taking a cross-disciplinary approach, students will come to conceive of the region as multi-dimensional; as a region with rich and varied cultural, historical and intellectual traditions; most importantly, as a region made up of people, of individuals who have many of the same desires and aspirations, the same fears and concerns, as ourselves. Given that the course constitutes a broad cross-disciplinary survey of the Middle East, it will, at times, be necessarily selective, focusing in depth on specific but representative aspects of Middle Eastern civilization. Students are thus encouraged to make reference to the additional reading list towards the end of the syllabus. An additional goal of the course is to consider in a more critical way the manner in which the region is portrayed in the media. Thus, periodically, will be examining issues of topical interest.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "id": "bmcc-000352",
    "code": "ASN 129H",
    "title": "Intro to the Mid East (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course aims to introduce students to the Middle East, from the rise of Islam to contemporary times. It takes a cross-disciplinary approach, designed to allow students the chance to examine the region from a number of different perspectives; not only an historical one, but also those of literature, religion, economics, politics and international relations. It is hoped that at minimum, the course will provide a sound basis by which students might better frame their understanding of the region; at maximum, that it might stimulate a desire to further explore the region in greater depth. Particularly given the tendency of the media to view the region largely in terms of current events, it is hoped that by taking a cross-disciplinary approach, students will come to conceive of the region as multi-dimensional; as a region with rich and varied cultural, historical and intellectual traditions; most importantly, as a region made up of people, of individuals who have many of the same desires and aspirations, the same fears and concerns, as ourselves. Given that the course constitutes a broad cross-disciplinary survey of the Middle East, it will, at times, be necessarily selective, focusing in depth on specific but representative aspects of Middle Eastern civilization. Students are thus encouraged to make reference to the additional reading list towards the end of the syllabus. An additional goal of the course is to consider in a more critical way the manner in which the region is portrayed in the media. Thus, periodically, will be examining issues of topical interest.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000353",
    "code": "ASN 211",
    "title": "Asian Americans in NYC",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "According to the 2010 census, 1 in 8 New Yorkers are of Asian descent. Yet the histories and identities of Asian American communities in New York City, and on the East Coast more generally, have not been as visible in academic scholarship as Asian Americans on the West Coast. This class will examine the diverse Asian American communities that have populated the city from the late 19th century onwards through topics such as racial segregation, ethnic economies and labor, global and transnational flows, gentrification, community institutions and inter-racial community relations. One of the main goals for this class is for students to experience Asian American spaces in NYC with a scholar’s eye. To this end, the class will study research methods, undertake field trips to Asian American and transnational Asian institutions and organizations, and produce a final paper based on first hand/primary research.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000354",
    "code": "ASN 214",
    "title": "APIA Media Representations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines media representations of Asian Pacific Islander Americans (APIAs) through time. It will explore stereotyped media depictions of Asian Pacific Islander Americans, including Yellow Peril and the model minority. Students will analyze how race as a social construction of difference affects and is reproduced by mass media. Additionally, students will compare how gender, sexuality, class, citizenship, and identity are encoded across history. The course will also explore APIA media outside of and in resistance to mainstream American media, including independent cinema that arose from the Asian American movement from the late 60s onwards, digital Internet media production of the 21st century, and transnational media of diasporic APIA communities.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000355",
    "code": "ASN 225",
    "title": "Asian Amer Activism Creat Expr",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Through this course, students study the relationship between the activism and creative expression of Asians in the United States. Students will examine the intertwining relationship between the diverse histories of Asians in the United States and the varied works and projects of Asian activists and artists. Students engage with the long and diverse legacy of activists and practitioners who have used various art forms and media (e.g., literary, visual, musical, performance, film) to document, represent, render and reflect upon the diverse histories and experiences of Asians in the US and to combat anti-Asian racism in the US. Expanding awareness of what the arts can be and do, students explore Asian arts and activism as national, diasporic, and interracial phenomena that embody the transcendence and perseverance the Asian spirit in the US.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000356",
    "code": "ASN 339",
    "title": "Asian American Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Representative works reflecting the collective experiences of Asian American writers are analyzed. Fiction, poetry, drama, and non-fiction written from Chinese, Filipino, Asian Indian, Japanese, Korean, and Southeast Asian cultural perspectives are discussed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002466",
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "id": "bmcc-000357",
    "code": "ASN 888",
    "title": "ASN Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "ASN Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "id": "bmcc-000358",
    "code": "AST 1",
    "title": "Astronomy Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Astronomy Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-000359",
    "code": "AST 106",
    "title": "Astronomy: Models",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will focus on how astronomers have used observations to construct models of our Universe. Students will use their own observations (collected in the co-requisite AST 107 course) along with readings and class discussions, to construct and test models of our Universe.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000360",
    "code": "AST 107",
    "title": "Astronomy: Observations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will focus on how astronomers have collected observations to test models of our universe. Students will collect their own observations (to be used in the co-requisite AST 106 course for model building) and analyze those observations. Models constructed in AST 106 will suggest observational tests, which will be carried out in AST 107.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000361",
    "code": "AST 108",
    "title": "Astronomy: General Theory",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introductory survey course of topics in astronomical theory, especially for students who are not science-oriented. A selected number of basic topics in astronomy are carefully examined and interpreted. The relevance of the scientist and his/her work to the lives of non-scientists is continually examined.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000362",
    "code": "AST 109",
    "title": "Astronomy: General Observation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course serves as an observational introduction to astronomy, especially for students who are not science oriented. A selected number of basic topics in astronomy are carefully examined and subjected to observational verification. The relevance of the scientist and his/her work to the lives of non-scientists is continually examined.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000363",
    "code": "AST 110",
    "title": "General Astronomy",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the world beyond the earth. The methods of astronomy and our knowledge of the structure of the universe are presented as an ongoing human endeavor that has helped shape modern man as he/she takes his/her first steps into space.Note: This course satisfies Pathways \"Life and Physical Science\" and \"Scientific World\" areas.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000364",
    "code": "AST 110H",
    "title": "General Astronomy (Honors)",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the world beyond the earth. The methods of astronomy and our knowledge of the structure of the universe are presented as an ongoing human endeavor that has helped shape modern man as he/she takes his/her first steps into space.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000365",
    "code": "AST 111",
    "title": "Astronomy: Observation & Model",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course will focus on how astronomers have made observations, and used those observations to construct models of our universe. Students will collect their own observations and use them to test models of our universe.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000366",
    "code": "AST 888",
    "title": "AST Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "AST Pending Transfer Credit",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000367",
    "code": "AST 901",
    "title": "Ast Directed Study",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Ast Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000368",
    "code": "AST 902",
    "title": "Ast Directed Study",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Ast Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000369",
    "code": "AST 903",
    "title": "Ast Directed Study",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Ast Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000370",
    "code": "AST 904",
    "title": "Ast Directed Study",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Ast Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000371",
    "code": "AST 905",
    "title": "Ast Directed Study",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Ast Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000372",
    "code": "AST 906",
    "title": "Astronomy Directed Study",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Astronomy Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000373",
    "code": "AST 907",
    "title": "Astronomy Directed Study",
    "credits": 7,
    "hours": 7,
    "description": "Astronomy Directed Study",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000374",
    "code": "AST 908",
    "title": "Ast Directed Study",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Ast Directed Study",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000375",
    "code": "AST 909",
    "title": "Ast Directed Study",
    "credits": 9,
    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Ast Directed Study",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000376",
    "code": "BIO 1",
    "title": "Biology Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Biology Elective",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000377",
    "code": "BIO 2",
    "title": "Biology Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Biology Elective",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000378",
    "code": "BIO 108",
    "title": "General Biology Theory",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "General Biology presents an overview of many important topics in the natural sciences today and provides relevant background material from the physical sciences. It traces life from its beginning (cells) to the development of multi-cellular organisms. It covers topics such as evolution, the cell, macromolecules, energy relationships, inheritance, molecular genetics, biotechnology, and body systems.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000379",
    "code": "BIO 108H",
    "title": "General Biology Theory (Honors",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "General Biology presents an overview of many important topics in the natural sciences today and provides relevant background material from the physical sciences. It traces life from its beginning (cells) to the development of multi-cellular organisms. It covers topics such as evolution, the cell, macromolecules, energy relationships, inheritance, molecular genetics, biotechnology, and body systems.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000380",
    "code": "BIO 109",
    "title": "General Biology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "General Biology presents an overview of many important topics in the natural sciences today and provides relevant background material from the physical sciences. It traces life from its beginning (cells) to the development of multi-cellular organisms. It covers topics such as taxonomy, the cell, macromolecules, photosynthesis, inheritance, molecular genetics, and body systems. This class includes a 1 hour lecture and a 2 hour lab session. The lecture hour will be an expansion of the lecture content covered in the co-requisite class BIO 108 - information needed to carry out experiments in the 2 hour hands-on laboratory experience.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000381",
    "code": "BIO 110",
    "title": "General Biology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Basic cellular structure, tissue organization, physiological process, reproduction and genetics are studied. Special attention is given to selected zoological specimens with particular emphasis upon man.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000382",
    "code": "BIO 111",
    "title": "Human Biology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Introduction to the structure and function of the human body with emphasis on both the physiological mechanisms in health and disease, as well as concepts and current issues in human biology. Topics include: the molecules of life, cells, tissues, and organ system homeostasis; the skeleton, muscles, the heart, blood, skin, the sensory mechanisms of the eye, ear, taste, touch, and perception; nervous, endocrine, respiratory systems, the brain, genetics, and immune system, infectious diseases, cancer and nutrition.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "id": "bmcc-000383",
    "code": "BIO 210",
    "title": "Biology I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This two-semester course acquaints students with the basic properties of living systems: metabolism, growth, responsiveness and reproduction at the cellular and organism levels as illustrated by assorted plants and animals. Two terms required.Note: This course satisfies Pathways \"Life and Physical Science\" and \"Scientific World\" areas.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002488",
      "bmcc-002490"
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    "id": "bmcc-000384",
    "code": "BIO 220",
    "title": "Biology II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This two-semester course acquaints students with the basic properties of living systems: metabolism, growth, responsiveness and reproduction at the cellular and organism levels as illustrated by assorted plants and animals. Two terms required.Note: This course satisfies Pathways \"Life and Physical Science\" and \"Scientific World\" areas.",
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      "bmcc-002488"
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    "id": "bmcc-000385",
    "code": "BIO 220H",
    "title": "Biology II (Honors)",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This two-semester course acquaints students with the basic properties of living systems: metabolism, growth, responsiveness and reproduction at the cellular and organism levels as illustrated by assorted plants and animals. Two terms required.Note: This course satisfies Pathways \"Life and Physical Science\" and \"Scientific World\" areas.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000386",
    "code": "BIO 230",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Microbiology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "BIO 230 is a general Microbiology that teaches students about microorganisms’ evolution, structure, metabolism and genetics. The course also covers the essentials of microbial ecology, the interactions of microorganisms with other living organisms as well as how microorganisms can be used in different industries. The laboratory section will introduce students to several techniques for isolation, culture, differentiation and identification of microorganisms. Also, students will be exposed to current approaches to analyze DNA and proteins.",
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    "program_ids": [
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    "code": "CHE 122",
    "title": "Gen Org Bio Chem II",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "CHE 125",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Biochemistry",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the principles of biochemistry that studies the structure, function, energetics and metabolism of biomolecules. The laboratory emphasizes biochemical techniques.",
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    "code": "CHE 201",
    "title": "Chemistry I",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is the first semester of a two-semester course sequence that involves the study of chemical principles including atomic and molecular theories, molecular structure, and reactivity. The Laboratory will include experiments illustrating the chemical principles. Two terms required. Required in A.S. )Science) and A.S. (Engineering Science). Fulfills science requirements for A.A. (Liberal Arts).Note: This course satisfies Pathways \"Life and Physical Science\" and \"Scientific World\" areas.",
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    "code": "CHE 202",
    "title": "College Chemistry II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is the first semester of a two-semester course sequence that involves the study of chemical principles including atomic and molecular theories, molecular structure, and reactivity. The Laboratory will include experiments illustrating the chemical principles. Two terms required. Required in A.S. )Science) and A.S. (Engineering Science). Fulfills science requirements for A.A. (Liberal Arts).Note: This course satisfies Pathways \"Life and Physical Science\" and \"Scientific World\" areas.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000566",
    "code": "CHE 205",
    "title": "Quantitative Analysis",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course discusses the principles of classical and instrumental techniques in analytical chemistry. Laboratory experiments include gravimetric, volumetric and instrumental methods of analysis.Note: This course satisfies Pathways \"Life and Physical Science\" and \"Scientific World\" areas.",
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    "code": "CHE 210",
    "title": "Chemistry I",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This two-semester course involves the study of the central concepts and basic principles of chemistry, including atomic and molecular theories, the relation of structure to chemical behavior, and the chemistry of the important elements and their compounds. Laboratory work includes some qualitative measurements, qualitative inorganic analysis and other solutions of simple laboratory problems.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000568",
    "code": "CHE 220",
    "title": "Chemistry II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This two-semester course involves the study of the central concepts and basic principles of chemistry, including atomic and molecular theories, the relation of structure to chemical behavior, and the chemistry of the important elements and their compounds. Laboratory work includes some qualitative measurements, qualitative inorganic analysis and other solutions of simple laboratory problems. Two terms required.",
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    "code": "CHE 230",
    "title": "Organic Chemistry I",
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    "hours": 5,
    "description": "This two-semester course sequence is the study of the structure and properties of the fundamental classes of organic compounds with emphasis on reactivity, reaction mechanisms, stereochemistry, electronic theory and applications to allied fields. Two terms are required.Note: This course satisfies Pathways \"Life and Physical Science\" and \"Scientific World\" areas.",
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    "code": "CHE 240",
    "title": "Organic Chemistry II",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "This two-semester course sequence is the study of the structure and properties of the fundamental classes of organic compounds with emphasis on reactivity, reaction mechanisms, stereochemistry, electronic theory and applications to allied fields. Two terms are required.Note: This course satisfies Pathways \"Life and Physical Science\" and \"Scientific World\" areas.",
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    "code": "CHE 888",
    "title": "CHE Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "hours": 0,
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    "code": "CHE 901",
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    "hours": 1,
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    "code": "CHE 902",
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    "code": "CHE 903",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Chemistry Directed Study",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Chemistry Directed Study",
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    "code": "CHE 905",
    "title": "Che Directed Study",
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    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Che Directed Study",
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    "code": "CHE 906",
    "title": "Che Directed Study",
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    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Che Directed Study",
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    "title": "Che Directed Study",
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    "hours": 7,
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    "code": "CHE 908",
    "title": "Che Directed Study",
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    "hours": 8,
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    "code": "CHE 909",
    "title": "Che Directed Study",
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    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Che Directed Study",
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    "code": "CHI 1",
    "title": "Chinese Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Chinese Elective",
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    "code": "CHI 101",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "CHI 102",
    "title": "Chinese II",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "CHI 105",
    "title": "Elementary Chinese I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is for students who have had no previous background in Mandarin Chinese. Grammar is taught inductively and simple texts are read. Speaking, reading, and writing are emphasized.",
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    "code": "CHI 106",
    "title": "Elementary Chinese II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will continue the study of basic Chinese grammar begun in CHI 105. They will also further their skills in listening comprehension, reading and writing in Chinese.",
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    "code": "CHI 106H",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will continue the study of basic Chinese grammar begun in CHI 105. They will also further their skills in listening comprehension, reading and writing in Chinese.",
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    "code": "CHI 107",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed for heritage students of Chinese who have some listening and speaking skills in Mandarin or other Chinese dialects. The focus is on reading, writing, and grammar, along with improvement of oral communication skills. Students will be introduced to the Romanized writing system (pinyin). Characters writing and recognition are emphasized. Students who have taken CHI 105 and/or CHI 106 will not receive credit for this course.",
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    "title": "Chinese His. & Cult",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Chinese His. & Cult",
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    "code": "CHI 170E",
    "title": "Lit, Culture, & Civil of China",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This liberal arts elective is an introductory course to the Chinese language and culture through text, discourse, and films. The course is geared to the understanding of present day problems of post-socialist China. Topics include Chinese dialects, literature, arts, gender, food, media, education, etc. Materials are drawn from a mixture of news and scholarly articles, as well as documentaries. All assignments and term papers are in English. This course does not fulfill language requirement.",
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    "code": "CHI 170EH",
    "title": "Lit,Cult,&Civ of China(Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This liberal arts elective is an introductory course to the Chinese language and culture through text, discourse, and films. The course is geared to the understanding of present day problems of post-socialist China. Topics include Chinese dialects, literature, arts, gender, food, media, education, etc. Materials are drawn from a mixture of news and scholarly articles, as well as documentaries. All assignments and term papers are in English. This course does not fulfill language requirement.",
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    "title": "Intermediate Chinese I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course includes a review of grammar plus the study of Chinese civilization and selected readings in Chinese literature. Self-expression through oral and written reports is emphasized.",
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    "code": "CHI 203",
    "title": "Chinese Culture & Civilization",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course involves intensive oral work consisting of discussions of Chinese popular culture. Drills in pronunciation, intonation and rhythm as well as several oral presentations are included throughout the course. Videos will be screened during lab time and discussed during class sessions. A wide variety of topics ranging from pop culture to major social and political issues will be discussed.",
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    "code": "CHI 210",
    "title": "Intermediate Chinese II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an intensive writing and reading course in Chinese language. While developing integrated language skills, it emphasizes writing and critical analysis of content materials. The texts concentrate on Chinese contemporary and classical literacy writings, as well as texts treating Chinese culture and history.",
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    "code": "CHI 210H",
    "title": "Intermed Chinese II (Honors)",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an intensive writing and reading course in Chinese language. While developing integrated language skills, it emphasizes writing and critical analysis of content materials. The texts concentrate on Chinese contemporary and classical literacy writings, as well as texts treating Chinese culture and history.",
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    "code": "CHI 300",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course reviews advanced grammar and syntax and includes composition exercises, with emphasis on developing advanced reading and written proficiency in Chinese. Through the close analysis of texts with a wide range of cultural and social issues, students will learn strategies for writing organized, compelling essays. Students are expected to read journals, vocabulary logs, short stories, actively participate in discussions in class, and write short essays. Readings, written work, and discussions will be in Chinese.",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course reviews advanced grammar and syntax and includes composition exercises, with emphasis on developing advanced reading and written proficiency in Chinese. Through the close analysis of texts with a wide range of cultural and social issues, students will learn strategies for writing organized, compelling essays. Students are expected to read journals, vocabulary logs, short stories, actively participate in discussions in class, and write short essays. Readings, written work, and discussions will be in Chinese.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000596",
    "code": "CHI 411",
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    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce representative Chinese films during 20th century. This course will examine the social and cultural impact of films from China, Hong Kong and Taiwan over six basic periods: before the 1930s, 1930s- 40s, 1949-1966, 1966-1976, 1976-90s, 21tst century. Students will develop academic competence in critical thinking and literary appreciation from historical and cultural perspectives. Readings, written work and oral reports will be in Chinese.",
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    "title": "20th Cent Chinese Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A study of 20th century Chinese literary development, this course examines the literary writings, major authors and literary movements in cultural and historical contexts. The course also reviews the development of China's ethnic minority literature, the growth of popular literature, and the evolution of regional literature. Course readings include selected writings from four historical periods: 1900-16, 1917-49, 1949-85 and 1986-2000.",
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    "code": "CHI 476",
    "title": "Chinese Civilization and Lang",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a study abroad course that further develops students' Chinese language skills and expands their knowledge of Chinese culture and social development. The course is offered as the major part of the Study-Abroad-in-China Program, which includes a combination of class meetings, seminars, and field trips to places of historic interest and cultural importance. The course provides opportunities for students to gain first-hand experience about contemporary Chinese cultural life. While participating in skill-based language learning activities that improve students? competence in listening, speaking, reading, and writing, the course gives students opportunities to attend lectures that provide information about Chinese cultural patterns, customs, literature, history, social development, and traditions of art and music. The course adopts a unique transcultural-linguistic approach to instruction that efficiently facilitates and enhances the learning of Chinese language and culture.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CHI 476",
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    "code": "CHI 888",
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    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "CHI Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "description": "This course provides students with the cryptographic practices, protocols and mathematics necessary to accomplish information and communication security. Topics include history of cryptography; symmetric encryption methods; mathematics background for asymmetric methods; asymmetric methods used in cryptography and cryptographic primitives and their application.",
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    "description": "Students learn to program in \"C\" through examples and exercises and write several programs designed to emphasize and illustrate the extensive capabilities of the language.",
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    "description": "This course is an introductory course in telecommunications networks. It covers the fundamentals of networking concepts, such as networking media, topology, switching, and management. It will also include an introduction to Open System Interface (OSI) layered organization and functionality of each layer.",
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    "code": "CIS 359",
    "title": "Information Assurance",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the fundamentals of information security in the context of computer vulnerabilities/threats and how to safeguard computers and networks. The students will be exposed to the concepts of security planning, security technologies, security organization and the legal and ethical issues associated with implementing computer and network security.",
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    "code": "CIS 360",
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    "description": "This course is designed to provide the student with the ability to use PL/1 effectively as a programming language in solving a variety of data processing problems. Attention is given to structured program design, structured program writing, and program debugging. Each student is expected to design, write, debug, and successfully execute several programs.",
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    "code": "CIS 362",
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    "description": "This course introduces the unique requirements and methodologies necessary to develop applications for mobile devices. The course will focus on installing, developing, and testing mobile applications. Students will learn the basic framework of a mobile application, mobile user interface design, methods for storing and retrieving information, and mobile security.",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "description": "This advanced course builds upon the design, implementation, testing, and manipulation concepts and techniques learned in CIS 395. The course starts with a review of the relational model, entity relational diagrams, normalization, and basic SQL. Database administration topics presented include security, back-up and recovery. Advanced topics in design techniques include indexing structures and data storage. Advanced implementation topics include SQL programming, store procedure and triggers. Advanced manipulation topics include transaction processing concurrency control.",
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    "code": "COM 1",
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    "description": "Communication Elective",
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    "code": "COM 240",
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    "code": "COM 245",
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    "code": "COM 255",
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    "code": "COM 255H",
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    "code": "COM 260",
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    "description": "This is a class in small group communication. It covers communication dynamics such as group development, decision-making, discussion, leadership, roles, norms, and conflict. Text and lectures focus on small group communication theory, concepts, and processes. A significant part of the class consists of learning the material through class exercises, participation in a variety of small groups, and reflecting on those experiences.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000672",
    "code": "COM 270",
    "title": "Intr Rhetoric & Public Address",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students survey benchmark rhetorical perspectives and apply them to analyze various “texts” of the contemporary public sphere, such as: speech; public oratory; radio; television; film and news media; digital media; images; architectural landscapes and geographic place. Students will be introduced to the history of the rhetorical tradition and become acquainted with a wide range of analytical approaches. This introduction to rhetoric and public address aims at empowering students to actively participate in civic discourse and advocacy by honing their ability to critically analyze and respond to rhetorical appeals.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000673",
    "code": "COM 361",
    "title": "Communication Study Internship",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The objective of the internship is to allow the student to put classroom theory in his/her Major into practice in order to gain work experience. Each student-intern will work 15 hours a week for the length of the semester. Each student-intern is assigned to an internship professor (a faculty member who is knowledgeable about the student's field. The internship professor helps the student secure internship placement in a worksite related to the student's major, or assists the student to \"reconstruct\" his/her present position as an internship; or develop-by special arrangement- an internship with his/her present employer, and serves as the student's instructor and advisor during the field experience. Student interns are expected to work 15 hours a week, complete a term project assigned by the internship professor, and be evaluated by the worksite supervisor. Students to be placed are expected to arrange their schedules so that they are free mornings or afternoons, Monday-Friday or two to three full days per week.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000674",
    "code": "COM 888",
    "title": "COM Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "COM Pending Transfer Credit",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000675",
    "code": "COPT 1000",
    "title": "Pathways College Option",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Pathways College Option",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000676",
    "code": "CRJ 1",
    "title": "Criminal Justice Elective",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Criminal Justice Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-000677",
    "code": "CRJ 101",
    "title": "Intro Criminal Justice",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Criminal Justice is the field that studies formal social control. This course covers the processing of crime by agents of formal control (police, courts, and institutional corrections). The general focus is on understanding the complex interactions of structures and agents in the system. Of particular concern are discretion and diversity in law enforcement, due process in criminal courts, and the punishment-rehabilitation dichotomy in corrections. The ultimate goal is to provide a critical foundation that prepares students for the challenges of a career in criminal justice.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000678",
    "code": "CRJ 101H",
    "title": "Intr Criminal Justice (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Criminal Justice is the field that studies formal social control. This course covers the processing of crime by agents of formal control (police, courts, and institutional corrections). The general focus is on understanding the complex interactions of structures and agents in the system. Of particular concern are discretion and diversity in law enforcement, due process in criminal courts, and the punishment-rehabilitation dichotomy in corrections. The ultimate goal is to provide a critical foundation that prepares students for the challenges of a career in criminal justice.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000679",
    "code": "CRJ 102",
    "title": "Criminology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an introductory and foundational course in the study of crime and justice. It is designed to introduce students to the various historical and contemporary theories and empirical research used to understand deviant and criminal behavior. This course takes a critical approach to the study of the definition and measurement of crime, as well as applications of these theories to practice and in policy. Offending and victimization, as these relate to specificcrime types (i.e., white collar crime, violent crime, sex crime, drug related crimes, etc.) will be explored.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002486",
      "bmcc-002495"
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    "id": "bmcc-000680",
    "code": "CRJ 102H",
    "title": "Criminology (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an introductory and foundational course in the study of crime and justice. It is designed to introduce students to the various historical and contemporary theories and empirical research used to understand deviant and criminal behavior. This course takes a critical approach to the study of the definition and measurement of crime, as well as applications of these theories to practice and in policy. Offending and victimization, as these relate to specificcrime types (i.e., white collar crime, violent crime, sex crime, drug related crimes, etc.) will be explored.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000681",
    "code": "CRJ 200",
    "title": "Constitutional Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides a historical overview of the relationship of the states of the Bill of Rights, and how the Supreme Court has interpreted the powers of the federal government. The effect of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment on the application of the Bill of Rights to the states is examined through a study of the leading Supreme Court decisions related to criminal justice. Topics include characteristics and powers of the three branches of government, the principles governing the operation of the Bill of Rights, and the variables affecting the formulation of judicial policy.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000682",
    "code": "CRJ 201",
    "title": "Policing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is intended to broaden the student's understanding of the origins and development of law enforcement agencies in the United States. Moreover, the course will examine the complex role of the police in a democratic society in the criminal justice system. An emphasis will be placed on recruitment, the training process and the importance of diversity, particularly among larger police departments in the U.S. The course will also examine contemporary legal issues and modern strategies such as community, evidence-based, intelligence-led and predictive policing.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455"
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    "id": "bmcc-000683",
    "code": "CRJ 201H",
    "title": "Policing (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is intended to broaden the student's understanding of the origins and development of law enforcement agencies in the United States. Moreover, the course will examine the complex role of the police in a democratic society in the criminal justice system. An emphasis will be placed on recruitment, the training process and the importance of diversity, particularly among larger police departments in the U.S. The course will also examine contemporary legal issues and modern strategies such as community, evidence-based, intelligence-led and predictive policing.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000684",
    "code": "CRJ 202",
    "title": "Corrections",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the history of criminal punishment in Western society, emphasizing the United States. The course highlights social forces (political, religious, economic, and technological) shaping punishment; reviews commontheories (deterrence, retribution, rehabilitation, incapacitation, and restoration) and examines how theory relates to policy. The course takes a critical approach to correctional systems and policies by considering disparities and structural inequalities. Empirical evidence is used to examine contemporary crises of punishment (i.e., mass incarceration, school-to-prison pipeline) as well as prison culture, staffing, privatization, and prisoner civil rights. Alternatives to traditional punishment, especially restorative justice models, are explored.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002486"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000685",
    "code": "CRJ 203",
    "title": "Criminal Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an introductory course in the study of criminal law. The focus is on how it functions in and affects modern society, with a particular emphasis on understanding both the objectives and the limitations of law as an apparatus ofsocial control. This course will cover the principles underlying the definition of crime, the purpose of punishment, and the general doctrines, such as attempt, causation and conspiracy. Throughout the course, a review of U.S. Supreme Court ruling and their role in the evolving nature of theory of criminal law will also be covered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CRJ 203",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000686",
    "code": "CRJ 204",
    "title": "Crim Just Urb Commu",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course takes a critical approach to the study of crime and justice in urban settings. Course materials examine contemporary crime-related issues that affect urban communities within a historical and sociological context. The course highlights the intersections of deviant behavior and the criminal justice system within the structures of class, race, gender, and power inequalities. Topics explored may include racial profiling, juvenile delinquency, media representations of crime, policing, the war on drugs, and prisoner re-entry.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478",
      "bmcc-002486"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000687",
    "code": "CRJ 204H",
    "title": "Crim Just Urb Commu (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course takes a critical approach to the study of crime and justice in urban settings. Course materials examine contemporary crime-related issues that affect urban communities within a historical and sociological context. The course highlights the intersections of deviant behavior and the criminal justice system within the structures of class, race, gender, and power inequalities. Topics explored may include racial profiling, juvenile delinquency, media representations of crime, policing, the war on drugs, and prisoner re-entry.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000688",
    "code": "CRJ 300",
    "title": "Selected Topics in Criminology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will explore a significant topic, concept, theme or methodology ofinterest in the field of criminology, which studies crime as a social phenomenon. Topics for the following semester will be chosen by the instructor and will be made available during registration. Each section of the course will cover in depth a single special topic related to criminology, such as one of the following: Race and Crime; Gender and Crime; Media/Culture and Crime; Drugs and Crime; Theories of Juvenile Offending and Justice; Critical Criminology; Cultural Criminology; Crime and Social Problems; Criminal Deviance; Green Criminology; Elite Crime/White Collar Crime; Cyber Criminology; Organized Crime; Immigration (or Migration and crime); Victimology; Violent Crime; Fear of Crime; Perspectives on Terrorism; Narrative, Ethnographic or Qualitative Methodologies; Feminist Criminology.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000689",
    "code": "CRJ 301",
    "title": "Selected Topics in Crim Just",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will study a significant topic, concept, theme or methodology ofinterest in the field of criminal justice, including an understanding of institutional theory and practice. Topics for the following semester will be chosen by the instructor and will be made available during registration. Each Section of the course will cover in depth a single special topic related to criminal justice, such as one of the following: Administration of justice (policing, corrections, and /or courts); Comparative Criminal Justice (policing, corrections, and/or courts); Class, Sexuality and/or Gender and the Law; Immigration and the Law; Criminal Justice Ethics; Civil rights and Criminal Procedure; Criminal Law; Jurisprudence; Probation and Parole; Practices of Counter Terrorism; Juvenile Justice.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000690",
    "code": "CRJ 888",
    "title": "CRJ Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "CRJ Pending Transfer Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000691",
    "code": "CRT 100.6",
    "title": "Crit Think ESL Read/Writ Prof",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course combines Critical Thinking (CRT 100) with the highest level of ESL. Critical Thinking is designed to develop the mind and help sharpen students' ability to think clearly, logically, thoroughly, critically, and effectively. Through substantive readings, structured writing assignments and ongoing discussions, students will learn to use analytical skills in reading, writing, oral presentations, researching, and listening. Students will examine concrete examples from their own experience and readings and contemporary issues in the media to learn how to analyze issues, solve problems, and make informed decisions in their academic, professional, and personal lives. While studying Critical Thinking, ESL students will also study advanced level reading and writing to master and apply a full range of college-level reading and writing skills including critical comprehension, flexible rates of reading, essay organization, paragraph development, sentence structure, vocabulary and word choice, content, and study strategies. Students read and respond to a variety of texts and use argumentation, narrative, and description as modes of developing ideas in writing. Students will receive an earned grade in CRT 100.6, which is equivalent to a grade earned in CRT 100. This is an accelerated course that combines credit-bearing and developmental content. Passing CRT 100.6 meets the reading and writing proficiency milestone requirements. Students who pass CRT 100.6 are exempt from further ESL reading and writing courses. CRT 100.6 may not be taken by students who have passed CRT 100 or are exempt from reading and writing.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000692",
    "code": "CRT 100",
    "title": "Critical Thinking",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to develop the mind and help sharpen students' ability to think clearly, logically, thoroughly, critically and effectively. Through substantive readings, structured writings assignments and ongoing discussions, students will learn to use analytical skills in reading, writing, oral presentations, researching, and listening. Students will examine concrete examples from their own experience and readings and contemporary issues in the media to learn how to analyze issues, solve problems and make informed decisions in academic, professional, and personal lives.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000693",
    "code": "CRT 100H",
    "title": "Critical Thinking (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to develop the mind and help sharpen students' ability to think clearly, logically, thoroughly, critically and effectively. Through substantive readings, structured writings assignments and ongoing discussions, students will learn to use analytical skills in reading, writing, oral presentations, researching, and listening. Students will examine concrete examples from their own experience and readings and contemporary issues in the media to learn how to analyze issues, solve problems and make informed decisions in academic, professional, and personal lives.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000694",
    "code": "CRT 120",
    "title": "Critical Thnkng & Social Just",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, students will build and apply critical thinking skills, including making and evaluating arguments, to questions of social inequalities, especially those related to race, class, gender, and sexual orientation. Using a variety of historical, literary and theoretical texts, students will look at ways that existing power structures benefit some groups and limit or oppress others. Students will be asked to reflect on their own experiences and attitudes and consider what they can do to build a more just and equal society.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000695",
    "code": "CRT 125",
    "title": "Crit Thinking & Pop Culture",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course students learn to apply a toolkit of critical thinking strategies to create, analyze, and evaluate arguments about a range of popular culture figures, texts, and artifacts. Exploring the ways in which popular culture becomes a part of individuals’ cultural literacies and schemes of knowledge, students will reflect upon their own interactions with popular culture and the impact these texts have on how they construct knowledge of the world in which they live. Students will also explore a variety of lenses of critical analysis, learning to infuse these lenses into arguments they make. Instructors may theme their sections to focus on particular aspects of popular culture.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CRT 125",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000696",
    "code": "CRT 150",
    "title": "Critical Thnkng & Sci Inquiry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course develops students’ abilities to reason well about scientific claims, scientific research, and the nature, value, and limits of scientific inquiry. To reason well about scientific claims, students understand and apply central scientific concepts, such as experiment, explanation, cause, effect, correlation, random sampling, testability, prediction, verification, and falsification. In addition, students evaluate instances of reasoning with such concepts by evaluating arguments for and against scientific claims and assessing the significance of possible outcomes of experiments. To reason well about the nature, value, and limits of scientific inquiry, students are introduced to central issues in the philosophy of science, such as the demarcation between science and pseudo-science, the reliability of scientific research, and the (un)reasonableness of beliefs about claims, such as moral and other normative claims, that fall outside the scope of sciences.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000697",
    "code": "CRT 196",
    "title": "Queer Theories",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course engages students in critical inquiry through the lenses of queer theories (e.g., theories related to the LGBTQI + spectra). Emphasizing how queer theories help thinkers across disciplines engage in observing, viewing/positioning, examining, analyzing, and constructing queer subjects, this course asks students to examine how, within and between disciplines, a) thinkers’ perceptions and investigations are influenced by ideologies related to queerness and b) thinkers employ queer theories to create diverse ways of seeing/thinking, constructing/creating about the body, gender, sex/sexuality/sexual identities. Particular attention will be paid to how queer subjects have been pathologized and marginalized and how ideologies about queer populations affect reception of creative, scholarly, and professional works.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CRT 196",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000698",
    "code": "CRT 196H",
    "title": "Queer Theories (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course engages students in critical inquiry through the lenses of queer theories (e.g., theories related to the LGBTQI + spectra). Emphasizing how queer theories help thinkers across disciplines engage in observing, viewing/positioning, examining, analyzing, and constructing queer subjects, this course asks students to examine how, within and between disciplines, a) thinkers’ perceptions and investigations are influenced by ideologies related to queerness and b) thinkers employ queer theories to create diverse ways of seeing/thinking, constructing/creating about the body, gender, sex/sexuality/sexual identities. Particular attention will be paid to how queer subjects have been pathologized and marginalized and how ideologies about queer populations affect reception of creative, scholarly, and professional works.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CRT 196H",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000699",
    "code": "CRT 200",
    "title": "Introduction to Semiotics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the field of semiotics, or the study of signs. Students will be exposed to an array of topics, such as the relationship between signs and meaning, the creations and functions of structures. the performative nature of signs, the fictions and imaginings of language, the cultural reproduction of signs of oppression and privilege, and the development of linguistic and non-linguistic code (e.g., emoji). Students will examine key scholarship in the fields of semiotics (e.g., Saussure, Pierce, Barthes, Eco, as well as more contemporaryscholars) and understand historic, contemporary, and emerging debates in the field. Special emphasis is on teaching students to employ semiotics as a lens to analyze an array of signs, codes, and related phenomena employed in their social worlds and/or communities of practice.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CRT 200",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000700",
    "code": "CRT 210",
    "title": "Commun Bldg & Ed Theory/Action",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a study of the special relationship between community building and education, with emphasis on the ways that community organizations, like churches, youth groups, and libraries, can integrate learning as a tool for empowering individuals of all ages within their local communities. Grounded in understanding the relationship between prospective social justice, community organizations, and education, students will explore theoretical underpinnings of learning of diverse populations and question their beliefs about the dyad of knowledgeable otherand the learner. More specifically, students will investigate how formal and informal schemes are constructed so as to guide learning in community based organizations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000701",
    "code": "CRT 220",
    "title": "Crit Think thru Virtue Theory",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A primary concern of critical thinking is making good or warranted decisions about what to believe or do in a given context. In both moral philosophy and the theory of knowledge, virtue theorists argue that virtues such as benevolence, justice, and open-mindedness enable people to reliably make good decisions about both practical and theoretical matters. This course surveys contemporary philosophical literature on the nature and value of both moral and intellectual virtue. Additionally, a number of particular intellectual virtues, such as curiosity, appropriate trust, or intellectual humility, are examined in detail.",
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      "bmcc-002455"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000702",
    "code": "CRT 245",
    "title": "Crit Thinking & Media Literacy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Critical Thinking and Media Literacy is a course designed to help students become truth-seekers in the world of new media. Students develop a critical understanding of the nature of diverse media discourses – including aims to inform, entertain, and persuade – and evaluate their contents for veracity. This course exposes the students to two sets of basic concepts: First, epistemic concepts such as truth, falsity, knowledge, and belief; and second, media concepts, including both traditional (e.g., news, commentary, reporting) and contemporary ones (e.g., social networks, new media, fake news, click-bait). In addition, it provides them with analytical methods to interpret different kinds of media contents, as well as to write critical media analyses.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000703",
    "code": "CRT 250",
    "title": "Critical Data Literacy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Critical Data Literacy is a course designed to help students acquire higher-level inductive reasoning skills. Students will develop understanding of various ways to model practical problems using statistical and probabilistic reasoning. The course will focus on foundational methods of critical reasoning under uncertainty and will aim at helping students understand the philosophical and conceptual background of the effort to draw appropriate conclusions on the basis of partial information. It will explore the relationship between truth and data, helping students understand the philosophical underpinnings of concepts such as probability, certainty, conjecture, inference, and data-based reasoning. The course will also explore the main challenges of inductive thinking and help students recognize fallacies in data interpretation.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000704",
    "code": "CRT 275",
    "title": "Crit Think: Consp Theories",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines belief in conspiracy theories from epistemological, ethical, and psychological perspectives. Central issues include: Given that conspiracies have occurred in history, is it ever reasonable to believe in a conspiracy theory? What exactly counts as a conspiracy theory? What are the primary psychological, social, and ideological sources of belief in conspiracy theories? What moral and political dangers may be associated with unreasonable belief in (some types of) conspiracy theories? Given such dangers, is it ever justifiable to suppress discussion of such theories?",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000705",
    "code": "CRT 295",
    "title": "Crit Thnk Approach to Religion",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "“Religion” might be defined as a way of life organized around shared experiences, beliefs, and social practices that relate to a “higher” or “ultimate power.” A critical approach to religion should explore what might be valuable as well as questionable in a number of real-life examples, at least some of which intersect with students’ own experience. Topics include the relation of faith to reason (both philosophical and scientific), miracles (signs, visitations, trances, visions, effective prayer), religious diversity, the relation of religion to ethics, and the social and political function of religion. Students will explore scholarly answers to these questions, and this course aims to lead students in thinking, speaking, and writing about questions on religion, in an effort to come to a greater understanding of what religion means to them and what it means to the world in which they live.",
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      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000706",
    "code": "CRT 300",
    "title": "Being Bodied: Discourse/Rhetor",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course serves as an introduction to the discourses and rhetorics of (dis)ability(e.g., physical and/or mental), illness, violence, and trauma, as informed by the fields of (dis)ability and violence studies and crip theory. Students will interrogate how individuals construct, through language, notions of the body, particularly the (dis)abled, ill, and/or violated body. Further, students will investigate language related to the ways that individuals experience and/or internalize traumas related to the body. Specifically, students will critically analyze the discursive relationships between institutional power and identification, empowerment, and agency. Studying a broad range of texts and speech events, particular emphasis will be placed on the ways that individuals employ literacy and linguistic practices and events for purposes of healing.",
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      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000707",
    "code": "CRT 310",
    "title": "Crit Thnkng thru Legal Reason",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course asks how lawyers, judges, and legislators think and reason differently from the general public, and uses the study of legal analysis to develop the mind and sharpen students’ ability to think clearly, logically, thoroughly, critically, and effectively. This course is designed to teach skills useful in analyzing the reasoning structures found in judicial decisions, and in applying those structures to the constructionof new arguments. The topics we will consider focus on both deductive and inductive reasoning skills, and questions of textual interpretation. The deductive skills studied will include: the application of general principles to specific cases as found in the application of constitutional standards to specific laws, especially including the application of rights to legal questions, and the application of laws to particular cases. The inductive skills studied will include: evaluating proof based on the standards of evidence found at various levels of the legal system and the justification behind this plurality of standards; reasoning from specific cases to general principles; reasoning from analogy in the application of previous rulings to novel cases; the analysis of precedent, in general, as a unique inductive method. Finally, we will consider different processes of textual interpretation including debates between originalism, textualism, intentionalism, and pragmatism as demonstrated in the interpretation of foundational legal texts.",
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      "bmcc-002455"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000708",
    "code": "CRT 350",
    "title": "Conceptualizing Violence",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course critically measures and evaluates the concept of violence. It examines how historical and mainstream definitions of violence establish what acts are perceived as violence and which are not, which acts are recognized by the law and which are not, and who is perceived as victim or perpetrator. It explores the contributions from various disciplines to understandings of violence.",
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      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000709",
    "code": "CRT 350H",
    "title": "Conceptualizing Violence (Hon)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course critically measures and evaluates the concept of violence. It examines how historical and mainstream definitions of violence establish what acts are perceived as violence and which are not, which acts are recognized by the law and which are not, and who is perceived as victim or perpetrator. It explores the contributions from various disciplines to understandings of violence.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000710",
    "code": "CRT 888",
    "title": "CRT Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "CRT Pending Transfer Credit",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000711",
    "code": "CSC 1",
    "title": "Computer Science Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Computer Science Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-000712",
    "code": "CSC 2",
    "title": "Computer Science Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Computer Science Elective",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000713",
    "code": "CSC 101",
    "title": "Principles In Info Tech & Comp",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the student to the principles and theories of computation and information processing. The topics include hardware and software organization, data representation, algorithm development and networking principles. Special emphasis will be placed on creation of knowledge from data; the impact of computation on daily life; role of abstraction in solving problems; and implementation of algorithms on a variety of platforms including the Internet.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002479",
      "bmcc-002481"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000714",
    "code": "CSC 102",
    "title": "Exploring Robotics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course introduces the fundamentals of robotics, such as locomotion, sensing, and control using elementary programming within a graphical environment. Students are introduced to computational thinking and programming concepts through the use of project-based educational robotics activities. Collaborating in small groups, students will participate in projects using robots to address issues for social good.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CSC 102",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000715",
    "code": "CSC 103",
    "title": "Introduction to Data Analytics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the analysis of data. Topics include data preparation exploratory data analysis and data visualization. Some of the most commonly used classification and clustering techniques will also be covered. Students will apply these topics to real-world problems including science, business and engineering fields.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002450"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000716",
    "code": "CSC 104",
    "title": "Intro Artificial Intelligence",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the analysis of data. Topics include data preparation exploratory data analysis and data visualization. Some of the most commonly used classification and clustering techniques will also be covered. Students will apply these topics to real-world problems including science, business and engineering fields.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CSC 104",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000717",
    "code": "CSC 110",
    "title": "Computer Programming I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the fundamental concepts of computer programming using a high-level programming language. The topics include program design, algorithm development using various control structures, modularization, debugging and documentation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000718",
    "code": "CSC 111",
    "title": "Introduction to Programming",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the fundamental concepts and terms of computer science, including algorithms, problem solving techniques, data types, concept of loops, conditional statements, modular programming, pointers, arrays, strings, basic file processing, structures and simple classes. Students will use a high-level computer programming language to solve a variety of problems.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000719",
    "code": "CSC 203",
    "title": "Python Programming Data Sci",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course builds upon Python programming skills acquired in CSC 101. Students will be introduced to data science tools and advanced Python programming topics such as Dictionaries and Sets, Array-Oriented Programming with NumPy, Strings, Files and Exceptions, Object-Oriented Programming, Recursion, Searching, Sorting and Big O. By the end of this course, students are expected to become proficient in Python programming, master the basic methods of data visualization, and able to manipulate multidimensional data at an advanced level using data science libraries.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CSC 203",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000720",
    "code": "CSC 210",
    "title": "Computer Programming II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of CSC 110. Students are introduced to elementary data structures, string processing, and searching and sorting techniques. Students are expected to complete several complex programs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002479"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000721",
    "code": "CSC 211",
    "title": "Adv. Programming Techniques",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a second course in programming which will further develop those skills gained in CSC 111 emphasizing reliability, maintainability, and reusability. Students will be introduced to applications of Pointers, Dynamic memory allocation, Arrays, Abstract data types, Objects, classes, and object-oriented design. Additional programming topics such as Inheritance, Polymorphism, Text Processing, Exception Handling, Recursion and Templates will also be covered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002479"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000722",
    "code": "CSC 211H",
    "title": "Adv Programming Tech (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a second course in programming which will further develop those skills gained in CSC 111 emphasizing reliability, maintainability, and reusability. Students will be introduced to applications of Pointers, Dynamic memory allocation, Arrays, Abstract data types, Objects, classes, and object-oriented design. Additional programming topics such as Inheritance, Polymorphism, Text Processing, Exception Handling, Recursion and Templates will also be covered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000723",
    "code": "CSC 215",
    "title": "Fund. of Computer Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the fundamentals of computer organization and digital logic. Topics include number systems and codes, Boolean algebra, digital circuits, combinational logic design principles, sequential logic design principles, functional components of computer systems, hardware description language, and assembly language. Students will use computer aided design (CAD) tools for digital logic design, analysis and simulation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CSC 215",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000724",
    "code": "CSC 230",
    "title": "Discrete Structures",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers mathematical foundations for computer science. Topics include algorithm analysis, recursion and recurrence, graph theory, trees, Boolean algebra, and modeling computation. Students will be expected to complete projects for each topic involving formal proof techniques, mathematical reasoning and/or programming.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000725",
    "code": "CSC 231",
    "title": "Disc Struc & Applic Comp Sci",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course covers the computer science applications of fundamental mathematical structures. Topics include logic, set theory, function, relations, algorithm, recursion, recurrence relations, principle of counting, graph theory, trees, and Boolean algebra. Students will be expected to complete projects for each topic involving formal proof techniques, mathematical reasoning and/or programming.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000726",
    "code": "CSC 231H",
    "title": "DiscStruc&AppCompSci (Honors)",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course covers the computer science applications of fundamental mathematical structures. Topics include logic, set theory, function, relations, algorithm, recursion, recurrence relations, principle of counting, graph theory, trees, and Boolean algebra. Students will be expected to complete projects for each topic involving formal proof techniques, mathematical reasoning and/or programming.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CSC 231H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000727",
    "code": "CSC 310",
    "title": "Assembler Lang and Architect I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide a basic knowledge of computer architecture and Assembler Language programming with emphasis on the following areas: main storage organization, instruction sets and addressing, index and displacement registers, interrupts and the program status word.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CSC 310",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000728",
    "code": "CSC 330",
    "title": "Data Structures I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to abstract data structures, their use and implementation. Storage allocation techniques, including stacks, queues, and linked lists and recursive programming will be discussed. Students will be expected to complete several programming assignments illustrating the basic concepts.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CSC 330",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000729",
    "code": "CSC 330H",
    "title": "Data Structures I (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to abstract data structures, their use and implementation. Storage allocation techniques, including stacks, queues, and linked lists and recursive programming will be discussed. Students will be expected to complete several programming assignments illustrating the basic concepts.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CSC 330H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000730",
    "code": "CSC 331",
    "title": "Data Structures",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to linear and non-linear data structures, their use and implementation, algorithms, and software engineering techniques. Topics will include: stacks, queues, lined lists, has tables, trees, graphs, searching and sorting techniques. Asymptotic analysis of algorithms and data structures will also be discussed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "bmcc-000731",
    "code": "CSC 331H",
    "title": "Data Structures (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to linear and non-linear data structures, their use and implementation, algorithms, and software engineering techniques. Topics will include: stacks, queues, lined lists, has tables, trees, graphs, searching and sorting techniques. Asymptotic analysis of algorithms and data structures will also be discussed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "bmcc-000732",
    "code": "CSC 350",
    "title": "Software Development",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the fundamentals of software development, including software development life cycle, object-oriented paradigm, design patterns and event-driven programming working in teams. The students are required to develop software applications with graphic user interfaces and databases.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000733",
    "code": "CSC 350H",
    "title": "Software Development (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the fundamentals of software development, including software development life cycle, object-oriented paradigm, design patterns and event-driven programming working in teams. The students are required to develop software applications with graphic user interfaces and databases.",
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    "code": "CSC 410",
    "title": "Assem Lang & Arc II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The students enhance their knowledge of Assembler Language and machine architecture by writing sophisticated programs utilizing indexing, subroutines and linkage conventions. User and system macros, conditional assembly and file input/output operations are covered.",
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    "code": "CSC 430",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to complex data structures. Topics include the manipulation and uses of trees, graphs and heaps; the design and analysis of various searching and sorting algorithms and their applications.",
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    "code": "CSC 430H",
    "title": "Data Structures II (Honors)",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the student to more complex data structures. Topics include: the manipulation of trees, graphs and multi-linked structures, design and analysis of searching and sorting algorithms with emphasis on complexity and efficiency and memory management.",
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    "code": "CSC 450",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the principles of interactive computer graphics, including input techniques and devices, display files, and two-and-three-dimensional computer graphics.",
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    "code": "CSC 470",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "CSC 888",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "DAN 360",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "DAT 1",
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    "code": "ECE 101",
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    "hours": 2,
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    "code": "ECE 102",
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    "code": "ECE 110",
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    "code": "ECE 209",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "ECE 210",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "ECE 211",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the theories, methods and materials of curriculum planning in early childhood education (preschool to second grade), with an emphasis on providing developmentally and culturally appropriate learning environments and experiences that encourage creativity in young children. The following topics are explored in depth: the intellectual and emotional importance of fostering creativity, the role of play in learning, the design of effective Arts-based learning environments; the role of visual arts, music, movement and language arts/emergent literacy in developing children's cognitive, social-emotional, physical, language and self-help skills. Course work includes workshops in planning and implementing creative arts experiences for young children.",
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    "code": "ECE 301",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a fieldwork course focusing on the observation and assessment of young children. It requires supervised participation in an assigned early childhood setting (preschool through second grade) and attendance at a seminar. Students learn how to relate child development theories and authentic assessment methods to the fieldwork experiences. Students spend a minimum of sixty hours in the field.",
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    "code": "ECE 303",
    "title": "Inf & Tod Pract I Obs & Assmnt",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a fieldwork course focusing on the observation and assessment of infants and toddlers. It requires supervised participation in an assigned early childhood setting (two months to thirty-six months) and attendance at a seminar. Students learn how to relate child development theories and authentic assessment methods to their fieldwork experiences. Students spend a minimum of sixty hours in the field.",
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    "code": "ECE 308",
    "title": "Infants & Toddlers Practicum I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is a fieldwork course focusing on the observation and assessment of infants and toddlers. It requires supervised participation in an assigned early childhood setting (birth to thirty-six months) and attendance at a weekly seminar. Students will learn the appropriate use of assessment and observation strategies to document the development, growth, play and learning of infants and toddlers; and how authentic assessment methods can be used to tailor curriculum to promote children's success. Recording strategies, rating systems, child studies/portfolios, and various assessment tools are explored. Students spend a minimum of 60 hours in the field.",
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    "code": "ECE 309",
    "title": "Toddler Care and Curriculum",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of ECE 209, focusing on the theories, methods and materials of early childhood education for toddlers (ages eighteen months to thirty-six months). The following topics are explored in depth: social, emotional, cognitive, physical and self-help development of toddlers; basic principles of toddler care giving, including providing culturally sensitive and consistent care; arrangement of the learning environment and developmentally and culturally appropriate experiences to promote toddler growth and learning; the role of parents and establishing partnerships with families.",
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    "code": "ECE 311",
    "title": "Early Childhood Practicum I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is a fieldwork course focusing on the observation and assessment of young children. It requires supervised participation in an assigned early childhood setting (preschool to second grade) and attendance at a weekly seminar. Students will learn the appropriate use of assessment and observation strategies to document the development, growth, play and learning of young children; and how authentic assessment methods can be used to tailor curriculum to promote children's success. Recording strategies, rating systems, child studies/portfolios, and various assessment tools are explored. Students spend a minimum of 60 hours in the field.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000758",
    "code": "ECE 312",
    "title": "Curr for Young Children II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of ECE 211, focusing on the theories, methods and materials of curriculum planning in early childhood education (preschool to second grade). The emphasis in this course is on providing developmentally and culturally appropriate learning environments and experiences that encourage foundational social scientific, mathematic and scientific thinking and skills in young children. The following topics are explored in depth: social studies as a lens by which young children can explore our diverse ethno-cultural society and their place in it; the use of materials and play-based techniques to facilitate ways of constructing everyday mathematical ideas; the creation of environments and experiences that stimulate children's scientific curiosity and playful exploration of our natural and human-made world; the use of block/construction and cooking experiences for the integration of social studies, mathematics, science, literacy and the arts. Course work includes workshops in planning and implementing inquiry/play-based experiences for young children.",
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    "code": "ECE 401",
    "title": "ECE Practicum II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is a fieldwork course that focuses on gaining practical experience in the classroom. It requires supervised participation in an assigned early childhood education setting (preschool through second grade) and attendance at a seminar. Students learn how to relate theories of child development, curriculum planning and effective teaching methods to their fieldwork experiences. Students spend a minimum of ninety hours in the field.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000760",
    "code": "ECE 403",
    "title": "Inf/Tod Pract: Curr & Teaching",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is a fieldwork course that focuses on gaining practical experience in the classroom. It requires supervised participation in an assigned early childhood education setting (two months to thirty-six months) and attendance at a seminar. Students learn how to relate theories of child development, curriculum planning and effective teaching methods to their fieldwork experiences. Students spend a minimum of ninety hours in the field.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000761",
    "code": "ECE 409",
    "title": "Infants & Toddler Practicum II",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "This capstone fieldwork course is designed to (1) reflect a strength-based stance toward children and families and affirm the identities and cultural and linguistic diversity of all learners, (2) develop practical and evidence-based knowledge for supporting language and literacy acquisition and development, and (3) enable students to demonstrate their competencies teaching infants and toddlers. It requires supervised participation in an early childhood education setting (Birth- thirty-six months) and participation in a weekly seminar. Students will explore principles, methods, and materials, informed by current research, for supporting young children’s language and literacy acquisition and development. Students will utilize practical classroom experiences to make connections between theory and practice, develop professional behaviors around working with infants, toddlers, families, and build a comprehensive understanding of the role of language and literacy in an integrated curriculum. Students will design, implement, and evaluate learning experiences that integrate language and literacy learning for infants and toddlers with diverse learning styles and needs, with strong emphasis on child centered, play-oriented, and culturally responsive approaches to teaching, learning and assessment, as well as knowledge that is integrated across the curriculum. Students spend a minimum of 90 hours in the field.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000762",
    "code": "ECE 410",
    "title": "Ed Found & Ped Exception Child",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the education of children (birth to eight years) with special needs, along with the historical, social, cultural, and legal foundations of special education in the U.S. It explores the causes and effects of various exceptionalities, including: emotional, intellectual, physical, visual, auditory, orthopedic, speech and/or language and giftedness. Techniques for differentiated learning and universal design are analyzed; issues of ethno-cultural diversity are explored, including methods for working with the families of children with special needs in respectful, non-biased ways. This course requires 25 Hours of Fieldwork.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000763",
    "code": "ECE 411",
    "title": "Early Childhood Practicum II",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "This capstone fieldwork course is designed to (1) reflect a strength-based stance toward children and families and affirm the identities and cultural and linguistic diversity of all learners, (2) develop practical and evidence-based knowledge for supporting language and literacy development, and (3) enable students to demonstrate their competencies teaching young children. It requires supervised participation in an early childhood education setting (preschool to second grade) and participation in a weekly seminar. Students will explore principles, methods, and materials, informed by current research, for supporting young children’s language and literacy development. Students will utilize practical classroom experiences to make connections between theory and practice, develop professional behaviors around working with children and families, and build a comprehensive understanding of the role of language and literacy in an integrated curriculum. Students will design, implement, and evaluate learning experiences that integrate language and literacy learning for young children with diverse learning styles and needs, with strong emphasis on child centered, play-oriented approaches to teaching, learning and assessment, as well as knowledge of curriculum content areas. Students spend a minimum of 90 hours in the field.",
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    "code": "ECE 888",
    "title": "ECE Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "ECE Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "code": "ECO 1",
    "title": "Economics Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Economics Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-000766",
    "code": "ECO 100",
    "title": "Introduction to Economics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to the fundamental economic concepts of production, consumption and price determination, as developed by economists over the last two centuries for understanding market economies. The class introduces students to the role of markets and economic policy in our contemporary global economy at the individual and societal level. The topics to be explored in the course span the areas of economics and economic history, and may include the banking system, social insurance programs, international trade, market regulations, the role of unions, and the federal budget. The student will come away with a broad understanding of economic issues, methods, ideas, and history.",
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    "code": "ECO 111",
    "title": "Economics of Urban Communities",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the subject of urban economics in historical and social contexts rather than as a strict analytical discipline. The causes and existence of poverty in cities, the management of federal, state and local government programs, the financing of black enterprises, and conditions of social welfare are considered. Solutions toward developing neglected economics of urban communities are proposed.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000768",
    "code": "ECO 112",
    "title": "Eco Devel Dominican",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course analyzes the economic policies of the different political regimes in the Dominican Republic from the end of the 19th century to the present. It studies the application and results of these policies-changes brought about by these regimes in trade, industry, agriculture and population. It also examines the influence of the United States on developments in the dominican economy during this century.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 112",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000769",
    "code": "ECO 113",
    "title": "Afr Devel.20 Centur",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Problems of African economic and political development since 1900 are analyzed. The emergence of conditions contrary to the goals of independence and African participation in world affairs is explored.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002480"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 113",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000770",
    "code": "ECO 151",
    "title": "Political Eco Carib",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a study of the factors affecting the economies of the English and French speaking countries of the Caribbean region. The effects of international diplomacy, multinational corporate policies, educational and social determinants, and economic policies are evaluated.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 151",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-151.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000771",
    "code": "ECO 200",
    "title": "Labor Relations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Labor Relations",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 200",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-200.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000772",
    "code": "ECO 201",
    "title": "Macroeconomics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is intended primarily for those students who intend to pursue professional careers in fields such as economics, finance, management and administration. It is also open to highly motivated students in other areas. Topics include: national income and national product; saving, consumption, investment, the multiplier theory, fiscal policy, inflation, employment and business cycles. The student will also be acquainted with money, banking, and central bank monetary policies, as well as some of the more significant theories of international trade and economic development.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 201",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000773",
    "code": "ECO 201H",
    "title": "Macroeconomics (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is intended primarily for those students who intend to pursue professional careers in fields such as economics, finance, management and administration. It is also open to highly motivated students in other areas. Topics include: national income and national product; saving, consumption, investment, the multiplier theory, fiscal policy, inflation, employment and business cycles. The student will also be acquainted with money, banking, and central bank monetary policies, as well as some of the more significant theories of international trade and economic development.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 201H",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-201h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000774",
    "code": "ECO 202",
    "title": "Microeconomics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the topics of microeconomics, which include market supply and demand, theories of the firm and individual behavior, competition and monopoly, externalities, public goods, and income distribution. Students will learn ways to analyze the basic economic activities of consumption and production, and how to evaluate the allocation of resources and products achieved through markets. The role of government policy in addressing markets failures will be emphasized throughout the course, with special focus on contemporary economic problems.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 202",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000775",
    "code": "ECO 202H",
    "title": "Microeconomics (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the topics of microeconomics, which include market supply and demand, theories of the firm and individual behavior, competition and monopoly, externalities, public goods, and income distribution. Students will learn ways to analyze the basic economic activities of consumption and production, and how to evaluate the allocation of resources and products achieved through markets. The role of government policy in addressing markets failures will be emphasized throughout the course, with special focus on contemporary economic problems.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 202H",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-202h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000776",
    "code": "ECO 210",
    "title": "Microeconomics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Microeconomics",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 210",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000777",
    "code": "ECO 215",
    "title": "Environmental Economics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the economic analysis of environmental issues and problems related to the allocation of natural resources as well as the role of government in dealing with environmental problems. Students will develop the capacity to understand economic and policy issues related to environmental and natural resource exploitation, the micro- and macroeconomic foundations of environmental theory and policy, and discuss and evaluate current environmental policiesin the United States. Students will learn about the economics of externalities and natural resource management, including theoretical concepts, models of analysis, and theoretical debates among orthodox and heterodox interpretations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 215",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000778",
    "code": "ECO 215H",
    "title": "Environmental Economics (Honor",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the economic analysis of environmental issues and problems related to the allocation of natural resources as well as the role of government in dealing with environmental problems. Students will develop the capacity to understand economic and policy issues related to environmental and natural resource exploitation, the micro- and macroeconomic foundations of environmental theory and policy, and discuss and evaluate current environmental policiesin the United States. Students will learn about the economics of externalities and natural resource management, including theoretical concepts, models of analysis, and theoretical debates among orthodox and heterodox interpretations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 215H",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000779",
    "code": "ECO 220",
    "title": "Macroeconomics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Macroeconomics",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 220",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000780",
    "code": "ECO 221",
    "title": "International Economics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "International trade, capital movements and foreign exchange markets lay the basis for global economic analyses and policy debates. Balance of payments problems include liquidity and growth, exchange rate systems, and tendencies for internal and external balance. Applied areas range from international financial institutions to issues of economic integration and development. Other topics involve history of the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Euro Zone and Emerging Market.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 221",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000781",
    "code": "ECO 223",
    "title": "Economic History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Economic History is a discipline which integrates history and economics. The marriage of these two disciplines enables us to look critically at the impact that ideas, institutions, and individuals have upon our economy, how such elements affect our economy, and ultimately our own lives and experiences. Together these disciplines enable us to understand local, national and global economic relationships, and observe how policies, theories, and behaviors affect our society economically, socially, and politically. This course traces the economic development of the world economy - the focus is on Europe and North America - from medieval times to the present. The first major topic concerns the transition from feudalism to capitalism, that is, the replacement of one major system of economic and social organization by another. Once we have examined the origins of capitalism, we shall follow its progress from its early mercantile phase, through the industrial revolution up to the international order established after the Second World War.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 223",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-223.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000782",
    "code": "ECO 223H",
    "title": "Economic History (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Economic History is a discipline which integrates history and economics. The marriage of these two disciplines enables us to look critically at the impact that ideas, institutions, and individuals have upon our economy, how such elements affect our economy, and ultimately our own lives and experiences. Together these disciplines enable us to understand local, national and global economic relationships, and observe how policies, theories, and behaviors affect our society economically, socially, and politically. This course traces the economic development of the world economy - the focus is on Europe and North America - from medieval times to the present. The first major topic concerns the transition from feudalism to capitalism, that is, the replacement of one major system of economic and social organization by another. Once we have examined the origins of capitalism, we shall follow its progress from its early mercantile phase, through the industrial revolution up to the international order established after the Second World War.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 223H",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-223h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000783",
    "code": "ECO 225",
    "title": "Public Economics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the economic analysis of the role of government in capitalist economies. The subjects covered in this course include the provision of public goods, remedies for externalities, the generation of public revenue through taxation, the method of cost-benefit analysis, and voting mechanisms for the representation of social preferences. Additional topics to be discussed include public policies implemented for the maintenance of social welfare and social insurance programs, like public education and healthcare, and unemployment insurance. While other economies will be discussed periodically, attention through the course will be given to the United States economy.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 225",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-225.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000784",
    "code": "ECO 225H",
    "title": "Public Economics (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the economic analysis of the role of government in capitalist economies. The subjects covered in this course include the provision of public goods, remedies for externalities, the generation of public revenue through taxation, the method of cost-benefit analysis, and voting mechanisms for the representation of social preferences. Additional topics to be discussed include public policies implemented for the maintenance of social welfare and social insurance programs, like public education and healthcare, and unemployment insurance. While other economies will be discussed periodically, attention through the course will be given to the United States economy.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 225H",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-225h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000785",
    "code": "ECO 226",
    "title": "Development Economics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course develop students' critical thinking on the economic development process and introduce them to the basic issues and concepts of Development. The course covers the political economy of the development process and the challenges of formulating and implementing development policy in developing countries and Small Island Developing States (SIDS). The evolution of development theory is treated as a contest of competing development paradigms, ranging from the Classical Modernization Paradigm, and alternative perspectives on development which emphasize dependency, world systems, human development, participatory development, sustainable development, poverty and inequality, culture, and gender, to the post-modernist challenges to 'development discourses' expressed in Post-development. The policy implication and problems raised with each discursive wave in the development process and under 'neo-liberal' globalization are expressly flagged, with special attention paid to the policy and development challenges faced by developing countries including SIDS.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 226",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-226.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000786",
    "code": "ECO 229",
    "title": "Eco. of Antitrust & Regulation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to anti-trust law and government policy regarding industry competition. Students will survey the economic theories of imperfect competition and the history of the regulation of competition within the United States. The motivation, formation and execution of government regulation will be discussed, along with economic analyses of the impact of regulations. Topics to be covered may also include mergers, natural monopolies, anti-competitive strategies, deregulation oversight, and the regulation of utilities and public enterprises.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 229",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000787",
    "code": "ECO 229H",
    "title": "Eco. of Antitr & Reg (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to anti-trust law and government policy regarding industry competition. Students will survey the economic theories of imperfect competition and the history of the regulation of competition within the United States. The motivation, formation and execution of government regulation will be discussed, along with economic analyses of the impact of regulations. Topics to be covered may also include mergers, natural monopolies, anti-competitive strategies, deregulation oversight, and the regulation of utilities and public enterprises.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 229H",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-229h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000788",
    "code": "ECO 230",
    "title": "Feminist Economics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Feminist economics critically analyzes both economic theory and economic life through the lens of gender, and advocates various forms of feminist economic transformation. The objective is to retain and improve economic analysis by ridding the discipline of the biases created by the centrality of distinctively masculine concerns. We will look at feminist critiques of, and alternatives to, mainstream economics methodology and view of \"economic man,\" the firm, and the economy itself. Other themes in the course will be racial-ethnic, class, and country differences among women.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 230",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-230.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000789",
    "code": "ECO 230H",
    "title": "Feminist Economics (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Feminist economics critically analyzes both economic theory and economic life through the lens of gender, and advocates various forms of feminist economic transformation. The objective is to retain and improve economic analysis by ridding the discipline of the biases created by the centrality of distinctively masculine concerns. We will look at feminist critiques of, and alternatives to, mainstream economics methodology and view of \"economic man,\" the firm, and the economy itself. Other themes in the course will be racial-ethnic, class, and country differences among women.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 230H",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-230h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000790",
    "code": "ECO 235",
    "title": "Labor Economics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the analysis of labor markets in advanced capitalist economies with primary reference to the United States economy. Aside from discussing the determinants of the supply and demand of labor and the qualities of labor market equilibrium, the course may cover the dominant theories of ancillary issues, like the determinants of labor productivity, wage differentials, and the role of incentive pay. Several topics of importance to the general welfare of society may also be covered, such as migration, education, labor market discrimination, and government programs to address unemployment.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 235",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000791",
    "code": "ECO 236",
    "title": "PR Econ Devlpmnt since 1898",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course analyzes the history and effects of American economic policies on contemporary Puerto Rico. Economic conditions before the American occupation are examined with the objective of comparing them with the conditions and changes after 1898. The period of sugar as a monoculture is studied as well as the great depression and its impact on Puerto Rico. The coming to power of the popular party, with its politics of land reform and economic development, are examined. The economic and social planning that have brought about modern Puerto Rico are analyzed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 236",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-236.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000792",
    "code": "ECO 240",
    "title": "Behavioral Economics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to behavioral economics, which is the use of the methods of psychology to evaluate economic models of decision making and the collection of theories derived therefrom. The course reviews behavioral economics in the context of different economic models of decision making: decisions made under conditions of uncertainty, judgments of risk and probability, intertemporal decision making, and strategic interaction. Topics may include framing effects, prospect theory, menu dependence, endowment effects, confirmation bias, hyperbolic discounting, social preferences, and the utilization of behavioral economics for public policy.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 240",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000793",
    "code": "ECO 240H",
    "title": "Behavioral Economics (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to behavioral economics, which is the use of the methods of psychology to evaluate economic models of decision making and the collection of theories derived therefrom. The course reviews behavioral economics in the context of different economic models of decision making: decisions made under conditions of uncertainty, judgments of risk and probability, intertemporal decision making, and strategic interaction. Topics may include framing effects, prospect theory, menu dependence, endowment effects, confirmation bias, hyperbolic discounting, social preferences, and the utilization of behavioral economics for public policy.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 240H",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-240h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000794",
    "code": "ECO 245",
    "title": "Competition and Strategy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the economic analysis of strategic interaction and competition among firms in imperfectly competitive markets. While the focus of the course is on the behavior of businesses in an oligopoly, basic concepts of game theory will also be applied to a variety of situations facing firms. The course will cover various types of games (normal-form, sequential, repeated interaction) and bargaining theory, as well as the economic theory of contracts and asymmetric information situations. Topics covered in the course may also include vertical/horizontal integration, auctions, principal-agent relations, and market design.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 245",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-245.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000795",
    "code": "ECO 245H",
    "title": "Competition and Strategy (Hon)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the economic analysis of strategic interaction and competition among firms in imperfectly competitive markets. While the focus of the course is on the behavior of businesses in an oligopoly, basic concepts of game theory will also be applied to a variety of situations facing firms. The course will cover various types of games (normal-form, sequential, repeated interaction) and bargaining theory, as well as the economic theory of contracts and asymmetric information situations. Topics covered in the course may also include vertical/horizontal integration, auctions, principal-agent relations, and market design.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 245H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-245h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-245h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000796",
    "code": "ECO 250",
    "title": "Money & Banking",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an analysis of the organization and operation of our financial system, including money and capital markets, commercial banking, and other financial institutions such as commercial finance companies. The relationship between financial and economic activity including monetary and fiscal policy is demonstrated.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 250",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-250.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000797",
    "code": "ECO 811",
    "title": "Economics of Urban Communities",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Economics of Urban Communities",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 811",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-811.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000798",
    "code": "ECO 888",
    "title": "ECO Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "ECO Pending Transfer Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 888",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-888.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000799",
    "code": "ECO 901",
    "title": "Eco Directed Study",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Eco Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 901",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-901",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-901.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000800",
    "code": "ECO 902",
    "title": "Eco Directed Study",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Eco Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 902",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-902",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-902.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000801",
    "code": "ECO 903",
    "title": "Eco Directed Study",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Eco Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECO 903",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-903",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eco-903.md"
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    "id": "bmcc-000802",
    "code": "ECO 904",
    "title": "Eco Directed Study",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Eco Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000803",
    "code": "ECO 905",
    "title": "Eco Directed Study",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Eco Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000804",
    "code": "ECO 906",
    "title": "Economics Directed Study",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Economics Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000805",
    "code": "ECO 907",
    "title": "Eco Directed Study",
    "credits": 7,
    "hours": 7,
    "description": "Eco Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000806",
    "code": "ECO 908",
    "title": "Eco Directed Study",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Eco Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000807",
    "code": "ECO 909",
    "title": "Eco Directed Study",
    "credits": 9,
    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Eco Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-000808",
    "code": "EDB 202",
    "title": "Bilingual Edu In Urban School",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on the historical, sociological, philosophical and linguistic foundations of bilingual education. It analyzes how educational practices and schools influence society in general, while also exploring issues affecting the academic achievements of bilingual and language minority groups in particular. Students participate in a minimum of thirty hours of course related fieldwork.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000809",
    "code": "EDB 888",
    "title": "EDB Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "EDB Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "id": "bmcc-000810",
    "code": "EDS 201",
    "title": "Adolescent Learning & Dvlpmnt",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, we explore adolescent development within the context of urban schools. Students will examine the key developmental processes — biological, cognitive, social, and emotional — while considering the influences of culture, peers, and family on adolescent behavior and learning. This includes how adolescents learn and how schools contribute to adolescents' growth through educational experiences that are developmentally appropriate, culturally responsive and sustaining. Students will discuss research and theories on adolescent issues, including identity formation, peer relationships, and family dynamics. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the diverse backgrounds of students and how cultural contexts shape their developmental experiences. To bridge theory and practice, students are required to complete 36 hours of fieldwork in a 7th-12th grade classroom. Completion of fieldwork hours is required to pass the course. This hands-on experience will allow students to observe and interact with adolescents, facilitating a deeper understanding of their developmental needs and the role educators play in supporting them. Reflection and critical analysis of fieldwork experiences will be integral to the course, enabling students to apply their learning to real-world classroom settings. Field Work: Students complete the required 36 hours of fieldwork for this course by individually participating in an instructor-approved middle or high school classroom. You should identify your own fieldwork placements; however, you must be able to interact with the students and interview one student toward the end of the semester. You are required to record and document evidence of your fieldwork attendance on your fieldwork timesheet.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDS 201",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000811",
    "code": "EDS 202",
    "title": "Spcl Topics In Scndary Sch Edu",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on literacy development, second language acquisition and special education accommodation strategies, which constitute three major competency areas in the professional development and the education process of middle and secondary school teachers. In addition to providing firm theoretical groundings in those three overarching and interlocking topics, class sessions will address issues of particular concern to and interest of both middle and secondary education candidates.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000812",
    "code": "EDS 888",
    "title": "EDS Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "EDS Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "id": "bmcc-000813",
    "code": "EDU 1",
    "title": "Teacher Education Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Teacher Education Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-000814",
    "code": "EDU 201",
    "title": "Observing Children Development",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on children's physical, cognitive, linguistic and socio-emotional development, and the related implications for learning. Within the context of race, class and culture, the following topics are explored in depth: the nature of intelligence, gender identity, attachment and other psychosocial attributes (typical and atypical). Students participate in a minimum of 20 hours of course-related fieldwork.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "id": "bmcc-000815",
    "code": "EDU 202",
    "title": "Urban Sch in Diverse Amer Soc",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an overview of the social context of schooling within the diversity of American society. It focuses on the historical, philosophical, social, and political foundations of education, especially in urban settings. The following topics are explored in depth: the notion of schooling, culturally relevant pedagogy, school reform, and issues of inequality and privilege. Students participate in a minimum of 20 hours of course-related fieldwork.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDU 202",
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    "id": "bmcc-000816",
    "code": "EDU 203",
    "title": "Art in Education",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the theories, methods and materials for integrating visual arts into the elementary school curriculum. Through reading, writing, and viewing of visual art and participation in hands-on studio projects, students will explore the intellectual and emotional importance of expressing creativity through visual art.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "id": "bmcc-000817",
    "code": "EDU 204",
    "title": "Music and Movement in Learning",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will prepare future elementary school teachers to bring music to the classroom. Elementary level vocal music will be studied with an emphasis on singing, conducting, and choreography. The first several weeks will be devoted to gaining an understanding of rhythmic notation through written work and score study. An understanding of time signatures and meter will be emphasized through classroom activities and homework. Subsequent lessons will focus on pitch and reading melodies. An understanding of basic musical forms such as binary and ternary will be gained with consideration given to body movement. Each student will prepare a sample lesson plan for teaching movement in a simple choral piece and teach it to the class. Discussion of standard public school requirements for lesson planning will be included.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478",
      "bmcc-002482"
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    "id": "bmcc-000818",
    "code": "EDU 205",
    "title": "Teaching Literacy in Classroom",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to develop your theoretical, practical, methodological and evidence-based knowledge for teaching literacy in grades 1-6. It will also introduce you to key findings that have emerged across the past several decades of literacy research. You will explore principles, methods, and materials for teaching emergent to fluent literacy within a developmentally appropriate and culturally responsive interdisciplinary curriculum that encompasses strategies for developing children?s listening, speaking, reading and writing competencies. Throughout the semester you will be introduced to curriculum development and planning, and assessment tools for teaching literacy with an emphasis on multiethnic and multi-racial children?s literature, as well as the importance of oral storytelling in literacy development. This course offers a flexible set of tools for achieving equitable literacy outcomes with diverse student populations.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDU 205",
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    "id": "bmcc-000819",
    "code": "EDU 206",
    "title": "Found of Dis & Incl Education",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This class provides students with lenses to analyze how disabilities are represented and understood in cultural, historical, and social contexts, emphasizing how these contexts help inform inclusive education. The historical basis for the disability rights movement and inclusive education will be addressed, including legislation and litigation that has had a significant impact on the field. Pre-service candidates will learn about the characteristics of individuals with diverse abilities, current trends in educational services, as well as ethical principles and professional standards. Pre-service candidates will observe for 24 hours in an inclusive classroom.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDU 206",
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    "id": "bmcc-000820",
    "code": "EDU 207",
    "title": "Pedag Approach for Stu w Dis",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to investigate current pedagogical approaches and strategiesincluding universal and design, tiered intervention models to address different learning needs for students with disabilities. Students will develop an understanding of the many ways inclusion can be implement through the full range of special education services.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDU 207",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000821",
    "code": "EDU 208",
    "title": "Partner w Fam, Prof,  & Comm",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Pre-service candidates will explore and develop the competencies needed for workingcollaboratively with families, professionals, and the community, including understanding the theories and elements around professional collaboration. This course will reflect a strength-based stance toward children and families and affirm the identities and cultural diversity of all learners and families. The course will focus on developing the skills needed for collaborative service delivery options for students.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDU 208",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000822",
    "code": "EDU 210",
    "title": "Intro Comp Thnk & Instr Tech I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course examines the use of and issues surrounding educational technology. The content will focus on computational thinking; computer-related technology; digital literacy; Universal Design of Learning (UDL); supporting learners with various learning styles/needs to use technology; and the application of these concepts into educational settings. This course will equip educational professionals with a wide range of resources, models, methods, and techniques for integrating these topics and skills into their classrooms using evidence-based pedagogy to facilitate all students’ learning. Hands-on experience with a variety of low-tech and high-tech instructional technologies will be embedded throughout the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDU 210",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000823",
    "code": "EDU 211",
    "title": "Intr Comp Thnk & Instr Tech II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course continues to examine the use of and issues surrounding computational thinking and educational technology. The content will focus on computational thinking; computer-related technology; digital literacy; Universal Design of Learning (UDL); supporting learners with various learning styles/needs to use technology; abstraction, decomposition, algorithms, and patterns as elements of compositional thinking; and the application of these concepts into educational settings. This course will equip educational professionals with a wide range of resources, models, methods, and techniques for integrating these topics and skills into their classrooms using evidence-based pedagogy to facilitate all students’ learning. Hands-on experience with a variety of low-tech and high-tech instructional technologies will be embedded throughout the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDU 211",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000824",
    "code": "EDU 888",
    "title": "EDU Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "EDU Pending Transfer Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDU 888",
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    "id": "bmcc-000825",
    "code": "EDU 901",
    "title": "Teacher's Educ Directed Study",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Teacher's Education Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDU 901",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000826",
    "code": "ELC 101",
    "title": "E-Learning Course",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "E-Learning Course",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ELC 101",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000827",
    "code": "ELEC 1000",
    "title": "Elective Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Elective Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ELEC 1000",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000828",
    "code": "EMC 100",
    "title": "Emergency Medical Care",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is a training program to provide the students with the necessary basic skills and knowledge to deal with a broad spectrum of illness and injuries in the pre-hospital care phase of emergency medicine. Upon successful completion of the course, students will take the New York State Emergency Medical Technical Certification Examination. Once certified, and upon completion of certain fundamental core courses, the student will be eligible to take the advanced paramedic level courses of the program. The course will be offered in the fall and spring semesters only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EMC 100",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000829",
    "code": "EMC 101",
    "title": "Emerg Med Care Par I",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "This course provides students with the knowledge of human anatomy and physiology as required for the understanding of assessing and treating victims of sudden illness or injury. Pathophysiology and management of problems, patient assessment, and techniques of management of the cardiovascular system and respiratory system, as well as all other systems, are introduced.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EMC 101",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000830",
    "code": "EMC 102",
    "title": "Emer Med Care/Para II",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "This course provides students with the knowledge of assessing victims of sudden illness or injury with the understanding of the underlying anatomy and physiology of the affected tissue, organ, or system. Students will also be given an understanding of appropriate treatment modalities for certain disease entities and injuries. Students will also be provided with the knowledge and skills required for treating victims of sudden illness or injury as pre-hospital care givers.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EMC 102",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000831",
    "code": "EMC 201",
    "title": "Emer Med Care/Par III",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "This course provides students with the knowledge of appropriate assessment of the cardiac patient, the knowledge and skill to read normal electrocardiograms, recognize cardiac arrhythmias on same, operate and interpret electrocardiograms. It also provides students with the skills to use a defibrillator, and to perform defibrillation and synchronized cardioversion. Students are also provided with knowledge of local, general, and systemic effects of specific drugs, as well as the absorption rates via intravenous, subcutaneous, oral, transtracheal, and intramuscular routes of administration. Students are provided with the knowledge of the effects of alpha and beta receptors in the heart, lungs, and arteries, as well as beta blockers. Students are also provided with the knowledge of dose, dilution, action, indications and use, precautions, incompatibility, contraindications, side effects, antidotes of specific drugs, and skills of administering drugs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "bmcc-000832",
    "code": "EMC 202",
    "title": "Emerg Medical Care/Paramed IV",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "This course provides students with the knowledge and skills required to perform physical examination on patients with suspected injury to the head, spinal cord, cervical spine, neurologic problems, and general seizures. It also provides students with the knowledge and skills to recognize symptoms of diabetes mellitus, insulin shock, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and treatment of same. In addition, students are provided with the knowledge of appropriate treatment of a patient who has ingested poison. Students are provided with the knowledge and skill required to catheterize both male and female urinary bladders. Students are also provided with the knowledge and skills required to arrive at a decision to transport patients in labor, or to prepare for delivery, as well as functioning in all childbirth possibilities. Students are provided with the knowledge and skills of management in mass casualty situations, situations involving a battered or sexually abused child, and situations involving emotionally disturbed patients who are combative.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000833",
    "code": "EMC 300",
    "title": "Emc/Par Clin Int",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Emc/Par Clin Int",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "bmcc-000834",
    "code": "EMC 301",
    "title": "EMC/Para Clinic Intrn I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Students are provided with clinical training experience at the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory, City Morgue, and with the Hospital Phlebotomy team. Students will also perform clinical service in the Emergency Department, Operating Room, and with the Paramedic Ambulance. Students will acquire further experience in the Labor and Delivery Suite, Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Department, and Psychiatric Emergency Department.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000835",
    "code": "EMC 302",
    "title": "Emc/Par Clin Int II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "In this second EMC/Paramedical clinical rotation course students continue their work in the hospital emergency room. In addition, clinical rotations are provided for experiences on the paramedical (advance life support) ambulance, in the operating room, and in the New York City Medical Examiner's Office.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EMC 302",
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    "id": "bmcc-000836",
    "code": "EMC 303",
    "title": "EMC/Para Clin Int III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this final EMC/Paramedic clinical rotation course students complete their required hours in the hospital emergency room and on the Paramedic (A.L.S.) ambulance. Additional development of knowledge and skills is provided in the labor and delivery rooms, psychiatric facilities, ICU/CCU, Cardiac Catheterization laboratory, pediatric neonatal clinic and well baby clinic.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EMC 303",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000837",
    "code": "ENG 100.5",
    "title": "Intensive English Composition",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "id": "bmcc-000876",
    "code": "ENG 201H",
    "title": "Intro to Literature (Honors)",
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    "description": "This is a course that builds upon skills introduced in English 101. In this course, literature is the field for the development of critical reading, critical thinking, independent research, and writing skills. Students are introduced to literary criticisms and acquire basic knowledge necessary for the analysis of texts (including literary terms and some literary theory); they gain proficiency in library and internet research; and they hone their skills as readers and writers. Assignments move from close readings of literary texts in a variety of genres to analyses that introduce literary terms and broader contexts, culminating in an independent, documented, thesis-driven research paper. By the conclusion of English 201, students will be prepared for the analytical and research-based writing required in upper-level courses across the curriculum; they will also be prepared for advanced courses in literature.",
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    "id": "bmcc-000877",
    "code": "ENG 210",
    "title": "English Lit II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "English Lit II",
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    "id": "bmcc-000878",
    "code": "ENG 230",
    "title": "The Research Paper",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The Research Paper",
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    "id": "bmcc-000879",
    "code": "ENG 250",
    "title": "Intro To Literary Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to Literary Studies is an inquiry into what it means to study literature, involving close reading, critical and creative analysis of a wide variety of prose fiction, drama, and poetry, and informed by an introduction to some of theoretical issues currently invigorating literary studies. In addition to works of literature, students will read critical and theoretical works. This course combines a study of literature with continued training in clear and effective expression. It is designed for prospective Writing and Literature majors and other interested students.",
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      "bmcc-002478"
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    "id": "bmcc-000880",
    "code": "ENG 251",
    "title": "Mod American Dram",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Mod American Dram",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 251",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000881",
    "code": "ENG 252",
    "title": "Intro Shakeskpeare",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Intro Shakeskpeare",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 252",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000882",
    "code": "ENG 253",
    "title": "American Novel",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "American Novel",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 253",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000883",
    "code": "ENG 254",
    "title": "19th Century American Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "19th Century American Literature",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 254",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000884",
    "code": "ENG 255",
    "title": "World Literature I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "World Literature I",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 255",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000885",
    "code": "ENG 256",
    "title": "World Lit II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "World Lit II",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 256",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000886",
    "code": "ENG 257",
    "title": "English Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "English Lit",
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    "id": "bmcc-000887",
    "code": "ENG 259",
    "title": "Modern Poetry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Modern Poetry",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 259",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000888",
    "code": "ENG 260",
    "title": "Srvy Of Judaic Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Srvy Of Judaic Lit",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 260",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000889",
    "code": "ENG 261",
    "title": "Women Am & Eng Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Women Am & Eng Lit",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 261",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000890",
    "code": "ENG 275",
    "title": "Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Film",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 275",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000891",
    "code": "ENG 276",
    "title": "Fiction And Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Fiction And Film",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 276",
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    "id": "bmcc-000892",
    "code": "ENG 280",
    "title": "Creative Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Creative Writing",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 280",
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    "id": "bmcc-000893",
    "code": "ENG 300",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Journalism",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Fundamentals of Journalism offers an introduction to the practice, purpose, and history of journalism as projections about its future. The course addresses journalism in all its forms and media, e.g. film, print, radio, television, and Internet-based platforms, including Web sites, blogs, Twitter, It provides a foundation in journalism's professional code of ethics and the work of a free press to safeguard social liberty. Skills cultivated will include information gathering establishing credibility, writing, editing and dissemination.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000894",
    "code": "ENG 300H",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Journ (Hon)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Fundamentals of Journalism offers an introduction to the practice, purpose, and history of journalism as projections about its future. The course addresses journalism in all its forms and media, e.g. film, print, radio, television, and Internet-based platforms, including Web sites, blogs, Twitter, It provides a foundation in journalism's professional code of ethics and the work of a free press to safeguard social liberty. Skills cultivated will include information gathering establishing credibility, writing, editing and dissemination.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000895",
    "code": "ENG 301",
    "title": "Journalism I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Journalism I",
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    "id": "bmcc-000896",
    "code": "ENG 302",
    "title": "Journalism II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Journalism II",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 302",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000897",
    "code": "ENG 303",
    "title": "Journalism: News Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the basic principles and practices of news reporting and writing. Students are taught to write single-incident news stories, conduct balanced interviews and edit their own copy, employing standard copy editing symbols and format. Emphasis is also given to the theoretical side of journalism with an overview of its history, present legal controls, ethical issues and rapidly expanding technology.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000898",
    "code": "ENG 303H",
    "title": "Journalism: News Writing (Hon)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the basic principles and practices of news reporting and writing. Students are taught to write single-incident news stories, conduct balanced interviews and edit their own copy, employing standard copy editing symbols and format. Emphasis is also given to the theoretical side of journalism with an overview of its history, present legal controls, ethical issues and rapidly expanding technology.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 303H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000899",
    "code": "ENG 304",
    "title": "Journalism: Feature Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides further opportunities for students to explore journalism. Students conduct interviews, cover stories around the city and write journalistic articles. Opportunities are provided for specialized coverage in areas such as politics, consumerism, science, education, finance, the arts, social change and family life. Topics include layout, headline composition and basics of journalism law.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 304",
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    "id": "bmcc-000900",
    "code": "ENG 310",
    "title": "Cont Urban Writers",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Cont Urban Writers",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 310",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000901",
    "code": "ENG 311",
    "title": "Creative Writing Workshop",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The objective of this course is to sharpen students' creative writing skills in the genres of the short story, poetry and drama, depending on students' interests and ability.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002478"
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    "id": "bmcc-000902",
    "code": "ENG 312",
    "title": "Science Fiction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Science Fiction",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 312",
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    "id": "bmcc-000903",
    "code": "ENG 313",
    "title": "Detective Story",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Detective Story",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 313",
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    "id": "bmcc-000904",
    "code": "ENG 314",
    "title": "Creative Nonfiction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course teaches the writing of formal and informal essays, articles, and reviews in a personal voice. Through the reading of modern and contemporary essayists students learn to identify the unique qualities of writers in order to develop an individual style applicable to the various disciplines of public and personal writing.",
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      "bmcc-002455"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 314",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000905",
    "code": "ENG 315",
    "title": "Playwriting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The objective of ENG 315? Playwriting is to sharpen students' creative writing skills and to teach them the elements of playwriting and character development. Through the reading of one-act plays and practice writing exercises each week, students will learn the craft of playwriting. They will write scenes and create their own one act plays.",
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      "bmcc-002478",
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 315",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000906",
    "code": "ENG 316",
    "title": "Comics and Graphic Narrative",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course examines the unique syntax, grammar and conventions of this literary art form. It traces graphic narrative’s history from the 19th century, as a working-class commodity in print newspapers, to the mid-20th Century, when it reconfigured itself as a medium of rebellion and mode of autobiography, up to today. Through regular writing assignments, students will critically engage with the art form and recent scholarship, developing their own arguments about how certain comics communicate specific subjectivities.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000907",
    "code": "ENG 317",
    "title": "Poetry Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Building on the skills developed in a multi-genre workshop (ENG 116 or ENG 311), this course focuses on poetry from the perspective of a poet writing in a community of poets. Students are taught to give and receive substantive and constructivefeedback on poetry in workshops. Through the study of published poems and work by peers, students develop an understanding of prosody, poetic craft, and poetic structure. An emphasis on reflection, analysis, and revision gives students the tools necessary to produce a portfolio of poems while seeing themselves as entering a community of poets with an awareness of poetry’s complex and diverse histories.",
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      "bmcc-002464"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000908",
    "code": "ENG 317H",
    "title": "Poetry Writing (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Building on the skills developed in a multi-genre workshop (ENG 116 or ENG 311), this course focuses on poetry from the perspective of a poet writing in a community of poets. Students are taught to give and receive substantive and constructivefeedback on poetry in workshops. Through the study of published poems and work by peers, students develop an understanding of prosody, poetic craft, and poetic structure. An emphasis on reflection, analysis, and revision gives students the tools necessary to produce a portfolio of poems while seeing themselves as entering a community of poets with an awareness of poetry’s complex and diverse histories.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000909",
    "code": "ENG 318",
    "title": "Fiction Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to fiction from the perspective of the writer. Students learn to give and receive substantive and constructive feedback in workshops. Through the study of published stories and work by peers, students develop an understanding of the basic elements of short stories such as narrative structure, characterization, point of view, scene structure, and setting. An emphasis on reflection, analysis, and revision gives students the tools necessary to produce short stories while seeing themselves as entering a writing community. Additional genres of fiction, such as micro-fiction, flash-fiction, novellas, and novel chapters, may also be included.",
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      "bmcc-002464"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 318",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000910",
    "code": "ENG 320",
    "title": "Environmental Lit. and Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a class that will focus on a variety of timely and historical environmental and social justice issues related to sustainability at the local, national, and global level. We will read essays, fiction and poetry that establish the field of ecocriticism, then draw on readings and films that have expanded ecocriticism to include environmental justice, urban nature and we shall view films on themes related to the readings.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 320",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000911",
    "code": "ENG 321",
    "title": "Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a film history and appreciation course, with special emphasis on style, techniques, genres and themes. During one double period in which a full-length film is shown, students are encouraged to take notes. In the next class the film is discussed and analyzed. Students will read about the development of the cinema and write essays about well-known films.",
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      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 321",
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    "id": "bmcc-000912",
    "code": "ENG 322",
    "title": "Fiction into Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course film adaptations of 19th and 20th century fiction are compared to their original versions to determine differences and similarities between literary and cinematic technique. Films based on novels include such award-winning movies as One Flew Over The Cuckoo's Nest, Clockwork Orange, and To Kill A Mockingbird. Also included are film adaptations of stories by writers such as Richard Wright, William Faulkner, Willa Cather, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ambrose Bierce and Ernest Gaines. Students will learn terms to describe cinematic effects and techniques.",
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      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 322",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000913",
    "code": "ENG 329",
    "title": "Native American/Indigenous Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the wide range of published works by Native/Indigenous peoples from the mainland United States and the Pacific. Course topics may include decolonization, environmental rights, language revitalization efforts, the experiences of urban Natives, and more. Students will examine the United States’ history of settler colonialism while engaging each writer and work in their geographical, cultural, and historical context. Authors may include Red Jacket, E. Pauline Johnson, N. Scott Momaday, Leslie Marmon Silko, Louise Erdrich, Joy Harjo, Kathy Jetnil-Kijiner, and Craig Santos Perez.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 329",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000914",
    "code": "ENG 330",
    "title": "Banned Books & Censorship",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course investigates the issues of censorship and free speech from multiple perspectives by reading and analyzing various genres of banned literature. In the process, students clarify their own ideas and thoughts about such issues as the role of literature in society, the separation of church and state, the freedom of the press, children’s rights, and what limits there ought to be, if any, on the freedom to read and who, if anyone, is authorized to set them.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000915",
    "code": "ENG 332",
    "title": "The Art of the Detective Story",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores the genre of the detective story: its principal themes, plots, characters and settings; the dramatic changes the genre has undergone (particularly in the twentieth century); its relationship to other literature and new directions of the genre today. In addition, the phenomenal popularity of the detective story will be considered: who is the audience and why has the detective story attracted such a large audience?",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 332",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000916",
    "code": "ENG 333",
    "title": "The Short Story",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course acquaints students with the wide range and varied forms of the short story as it developed in America, Europe, and other continents. Readings will include works by male and female authors of different periods and nationalities, and some attention may be paid to the historical development of the short story as a genre, as well as the cultural contexts in which the assigned stories were written.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 333",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000917",
    "code": "ENG 334",
    "title": "Children's Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies and analyzes outstanding classical, contemporary and multicultural literature for children and adolescents, arranged by genre. Students are given an overview of the evolution of the literature from its cultural roots in myth and legend to its present role as a reflector of modern society.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 334",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-334.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000918",
    "code": "ENG 334H",
    "title": "Children's Literature (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies and analyzes outstanding classical, contemporary and multicultural literature for children and adolescents, arranged by genre. Students are given an overview of the evolution of the literature from its cultural roots in myth and legend to its present role as a reflector of modern society.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 334H",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-334h.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-000919",
    "code": "ENG 335",
    "title": "Autobiography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce the student to autobiography in the context of literary debate: why do we read autobiography? How do we classify autobiography, as non-fiction or fiction? Works by both men and women of many cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds will be included. Students will examine the various styles, elements, as well as the recurring themes in autobiography, while working on their own reflection of the self.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002464"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 335",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-335",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-335.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000920",
    "code": "ENG 336",
    "title": "Postcolonial Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will study and analyze selected novels, short stories, poems and plays of postcolonial writers from Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia, the English speaking Caribbean, New Zealand, Canada and Australia. The course will examine the ways in which postcolonial writers transcend a British imperial legacy of colonialism to redefine their own distinctive social and cultural worlds. Note: This course is crosslisted as: AFL 336.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 336",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000921",
    "code": "ENG 337",
    "title": "Science Fiction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines how science fiction literature envisions the impact of machine technology on the individual and society. The human/machine interaction will be traced from early myths to contemporary science fiction, including works by Asimov, Clarke, Delaney, Gibson, Lem, Orwell, Vonnegut and Zelazny.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 337",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-337.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000922",
    "code": "ENG 338",
    "title": "Latino/a Literature in U.S.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, works reflecting the experiences of U.S. Latino/a writers in English are analyzed. Students will read, discuss, and write about fiction, nonfiction, poetry and drama by writers such as Julia Alvarez, Rudolfo Anaya, Gloria Anzaldua, Roberto Fernandez, Tato Laviera, Achy Obejas, Abraham Rodriguez Jr., and Piri Thomas. Note: Crosslisted with LAT 338",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002480"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 338",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-338.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000923",
    "code": "ENG 339",
    "title": "Asian American Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Representative works reflective of the collective experiences of Asian American writers are analyzed. American writers are analyzed. Fiction, poetry, drama and non-fiction written from Chinese, Filipino, Asian Indian, Japanese, Korean and South-East Asian cultural perspectives are discussed",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 339",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000924",
    "code": "ENG 340",
    "title": "Middle Eastern Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course surveys fiction, poetry, and drama from writers throughout the Middle East, beginning in the late 19th century and concluding in the present time.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 340",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-340.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000925",
    "code": "ENG 345",
    "title": "Modern Poetry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The goals of this course are to stimulate an appreciation for, and an enjoyment of, poetic masterworks mainly of the 20th century. This course includes critical reading and writing; its approach is an in-depth study of poetry which has universal significance. Writers studied include T.S. Eliot, W.H. Auden, Dylan Thomas, e.e. cummings, Pablo Neruda, Langston Hughes, Theodore Roethke, Gwendolyn Brooks and Sylvia Plath.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 345",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-345.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000926",
    "code": "ENG 346",
    "title": "Queer Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on 20th and 21st century texts within the area of Queer literature and by Queer literary artists. It covers a variety of literary and critical texts in order to introduce students to classics of Queer Literature as well as lesser-known masterpieces. The aim of this class is to expand students conceptions about literature, sexuality, and gender and lead them to critically investigate socially-constructed ideas about gender and sexuality. Students will examine and analyze the manner in which the authors and texts subvert and challenge sexual and cultural norms.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 346",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-346",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-346.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000927",
    "code": "ENG 350",
    "title": "Topics in Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will focus on a specific theme, concept, cultural milieu, or major author to be announced in advance. Topics for the following semester will be made available by the English Department during registration. Each section of the course will cover in-depth a single special topic, such as one of the following: the Harlem Renaissance, Literature and the Environment, Utopian and Dystopian Literature, Literature and Medicine, The Beat Generation, Literature of the Working Class, Satire in the 18th Century, Censorship and Literature, Literature of Immigration, War in Literature, Madness and Inspiration in Literature, Gay and Lesbian Literature, and Women in Shakespeare.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 350",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-350",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-350.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000928",
    "code": "ENG 351",
    "title": "Topics in Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will focus on a specific theme, concept, cultural milieu, or major author to be announced in advance. Each section of the course will cover in-depth a single special topic, such as one of the following: the Harlem Renaissance, Literature and the Environment, Utopian and Dystopian Literature, Literature and Medicine, The Beat Generation, Literature of the Working Class, Satire in the 18th Century, Censorship and Literature, Literature of Immigration, War in Literature, Madness and Inspiration in Literature, Gay and Lesbian Literature, and Women in Shakespeare.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 351",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-351",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-351.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000929",
    "code": "ENG 353",
    "title": "Women in Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on the contributions of women literary artists from a variety of cultures and ethnic groups. It examines how some writers have both reflected the prevailing female stereotypes of their age and background, and also imagined the \"New Woman.\" Enrollment is open to both women and men.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 353",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-353",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-353.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000930",
    "code": "ENG 358",
    "title": "Contemporary Urban Writers",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on the literature of urban America since 1950 and in particular on how contemporary writers use the images and themes of the city.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 358",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-358",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-358.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000931",
    "code": "ENG 360",
    "title": "Italian American Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Italian American Literature surveys fiction, poetry, and drama throughout the history of Italian Americans in the United States beginning in the first half of the twentieth century and continuing into contemporary America. This literature will be considered in the context of recurring themes in the artistically framed experiences of Italian Americans beginning in the first half of the twentieth century and continuing into contemporary America: cultural-national identity conflict, anti- colonization by church and state, religion, gender relations, generational differences and relations, class conflict, for example, working class vs. the bourgeois, or working class immigrant and sons and daughters vs. the dominant American culture, the problem of education in early Italian American history, the dilemma of cultural and linguistic loss, intercultural conflict, intra-cultural conflict, family values, oppression, social dysfunction, and assimilation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002480"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 360",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-360",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-360.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000932",
    "code": "ENG 371",
    "title": "British Lit: Medieval - 18 Cen",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course surveys works of English literature from its origins in pre-Norman England to the eighteenth century. The objectives are three-fold: (1) to develop the student's appreciation for literature and an acquaintance with literary masterpieces written in English during the years of this survey; (2) to introduce the student to the major political and cultural events and ideals that shaped England during these years; (3) to illustrate how cultural and political ideals shape men's thinking and have their reflections in and are reflected by literature. Selections may include Beowulf, Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, Shakespeare's plays and Swift's writings.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 371",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-371",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-371.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000933",
    "code": "ENG 372",
    "title": "British Lit: Romantic - 20 Cen",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This survey course is independent of English 371, which is not a prerequisite. It covers the principal figures, styles, themes and philosophies represented during three literary periods: the Romantic Era, the Victorian Age and the Twentieth Century. It exposes students to major works of literature including poetry, plays, short stories, novels and essays. It enables students to appreciate the thoughts and contributions of outstanding writers such as Keats, Wordsworth, Tennyson, Browning, Yeats and Eliot, as well as Dickens, Joyce and Lawrence.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 372",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-372",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-372.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000934",
    "code": "ENG 373",
    "title": "Introduction to Shakespeare",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides careful, in-depth readings from Shakespeare's tragedies, histories and comedies. The course examines some of the main characteristics of his work, including his major themes, the development of character and plot, and the special worlds that he creates through his poetic language.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002497"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 373",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-373",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-373.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000935",
    "code": "ENG 381",
    "title": "American Lit: Colonial - Civil",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course surveys American literature from its colonial beginnings to the American Renaissance of the nineteenth century-from Ann Bradstreet and Cotton Mather to Walt Whitman and Herman Melville. Students learn about the cultural milieu that influenced writers, read major and representative works and sharpen their critical abilities.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 381",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-381",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-381.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000936",
    "code": "ENG 382",
    "title": "Amer Lit: Reconstruction-Pres",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Though English 381 is not a prerequisite, this course begins where 381 leaves off and covers select fiction and poetry from the Gilded Age of the late nineteenth century to the present. Students study major writers and literary movements; and an effort is made to place literature in its cultural context. Works by such writers as Mark Twain, Emily Dickinson, Henry James, T.S. Eliot, Richard Wright, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Toni Morrison may be included.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 382",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-382",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-382.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000937",
    "code": "ENG 383",
    "title": "The American Novel",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on the gradual emergence of the American novel both as a literary form and as a reflection and reinforcement of patterns in the fabric of American life. Representative authors may include Hawthorne, Melville and Stowe from the 19th century; Lewis, Cather, Fitzgerald, Faulkner, Hemingway and Steinbeck from the 1920's to the 1950's; and Wright and Mailer of the 1960's and 1970's.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 383",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-383",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-383.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000938",
    "code": "ENG 384",
    "title": "Modern American Drama",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The development of the American theatre since the rise of realism is traced through 1920's dramas by O'Neill, Howard and Rice; comedies of manner by Barry and Behrman; socially conscious plays of the 1930's by Odets, Sherwood and Hellman; and post-war dramas by Williams and Miller.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 384",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-384",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-384.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000939",
    "code": "ENG 385",
    "title": "XIX Cent American Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "19th Century American Literature",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 385",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-385",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-385.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000940",
    "code": "ENG 391",
    "title": "World Lit Antiquity to Modern",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course presents a global approach to literature by introducing prose, poetry and drama representative of different world cultures and historical periods, from antiquity to the early modern era. Students engage in close readings of individual texts and contextual/comparative analyses. Written and spoken activities are designed to enhance students' appreciation of literature and their awareness of the ways it arises from, shapes and reflects the world's cultures.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002480"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 391",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-391",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-391.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000941",
    "code": "ENG 391H",
    "title": "World Lit Antiq to Modern(Hon)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course presents a global approach to literature by introducing prose, poetry and drama representative of different world cultures and historical periods, from antiquity to the early modern era. Students engage in close readings of individual texts and contextual/comparative analyses. Written and spoken activities are designed to enhance students' appreciation of literature and their awareness of the ways it arises from, shapes and reflects the world's cultures.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 391H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-391h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-391h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000942",
    "code": "ENG 392",
    "title": "World Lit Early Modern to Pres",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course presents a global approach to literature by introducing prose, poetry and drama representative of different cultures and historical periods, from the 17th century to the present. Students engage in close readings of individual texts and contextual/comparative analyses. Written and spoken activities are designed to enhance students' appreciation of literature and their awareness of the ways it arises from, shapes, and reflects the world's cultures.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 392",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-392",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-392.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000943",
    "code": "ENG 393",
    "title": "Jewish Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course aims to acquaint students with representative Judaic works translated from Hebrew or written in English and ranging from Biblical times to the present. The selections concentrate on those writings which have been most influential in the development of Western literature and which best convey Jewish thought, feeling, and experiences, especially in their universal application. The readings will be supplemented by exposure to Judaic music and art, including visits to museums and galleries, individual student projects, and guest lectures. No prior knowledge of the Hebrew language or Jewish culture or literature is required. Prerequisites: ENG 101 and 201, or ENG 121",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002464"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 393",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-393",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-393.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000944",
    "code": "ENG 394",
    "title": "Modern European Novel",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "European social and political ideas as they are reflected in the works of such novelists as Gide, Silone, Koestler, Camus, Sartre, Mann, and Kafka are examined and analyzed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002480"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 394",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-394",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-394.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000945",
    "code": "ENG 395",
    "title": "Literary Journalism",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Literary Journalism is an often misunderstood genre that combines the evidence-based demands of journalism with the generic conventions of fiction. Often associated with the “New Journalism” of 1960s and 1970s (a movement that included Joan Didion, Hunter S. Thompson, Gay Talese, and Truman Capote among others), the genre of Literary Journalism has much deeper roots and continues into the present. In this course, students will explore the basics of literary journalism, focusing on how the genre balances the methods and ethics of traditional reporting with styles and techniques more commonly associated with fiction. The class will read, discuss, and interrogate various works of literary journalism in order to more clearly understand the field. Students will devise their own individual reporting projects, which they will workshop and develop into a substantial piece of original literary journalism.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 395",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-395",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-395.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000946",
    "code": "ENG 888",
    "title": "ENG Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "ENG Pending Transfer Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 888",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-888",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-888.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000947",
    "code": "ENG 901",
    "title": "Eng Directed Study",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Eng Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 901",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-901",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-901.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000948",
    "code": "ENG 902",
    "title": "Eng Directed Study",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Eng Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 902",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-902",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-902.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000949",
    "code": "ENG 903",
    "title": "English Directed Study",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "English Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 903",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-903",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-903.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000950",
    "code": "ENG 904",
    "title": "Eng Directed Study",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Eng Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 904",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-904",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/eng-904.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-000951",
    "code": "ENG 905",
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    "code": "FNB 250H",
    "title": "Money And Banking (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an analysis of the organization and operation of our financial system, including money and capital markets, commercial banking, and other financial institutions such as commercial finance companies. The relationship between financial and economic activity including monetary and fiscal policy is demonstrated.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001033",
    "code": "FNB 300",
    "title": "Investments",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The principles and practices of investments are analyzed during this course. Students learn to recognize the quantitative and qualitative tests used in judging security values. Attention is given to the legal and financial characteristics of various types of investment securities. Personal portfolio problems and policies are considered in terms of objectives and investment decisions.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FNB 300",
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    "id": "bmcc-001034",
    "code": "FNB 888",
    "title": "FNB Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "FNB Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FNB 888",
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    "id": "bmcc-001035",
    "code": "FNB 902",
    "title": "Fin/Bkg Dir Study",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Fin/Bkg Dir Study",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FNB 902",
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    "id": "bmcc-001036",
    "code": "FNB 903",
    "title": "Fin Bkg Dir Study",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Fin Bkg Dir Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001037",
    "code": "FRN CON105",
    "title": "French Conversation Hour",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "French Conversation Hour",
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    "id": "bmcc-001038",
    "code": "FRN CON106",
    "title": "French Conversation Hour",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "French Conversation Hour",
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    "id": "bmcc-001039",
    "code": "FRN 1",
    "title": "French Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "French Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-001040",
    "code": "FRN 2LV",
    "title": "French 200-Level Elective",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "French 200-Level Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 2LV",
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    "id": "bmcc-001041",
    "code": "FRN 3LV",
    "title": "French 300-Level Elective",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "French 300-Level Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-001042",
    "code": "FRN 4LV",
    "title": "French 400-Level Elective",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "French 400-Level Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 4LV",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001043",
    "code": "FRN 100",
    "title": "French I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "French I",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 100",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001044",
    "code": "FRN 101",
    "title": "French I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is a course for students who have had no previous background in French. Grammar is taught inductively and simple texts are read. Speaking, reading, and writing are emphasized.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 101",
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    "id": "bmcc-001045",
    "code": "FRN 102",
    "title": "French II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "In this continuation of French I, grammar, composition, oral comprehension of simple literary texts are developed supplemented by readings and analysis of French texts.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 102",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001046",
    "code": "FRN 105",
    "title": "Elementary French I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is for students who have had no previous background in French. Grammar is taught inductively and simple texts are read. Speaking, reading, and writing are emphasized.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 105",
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    "id": "bmcc-001047",
    "code": "FRN 105H",
    "title": "Elementary French I (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is for students who have had no previous background in French. Grammar is taught inductively and simple texts are read. Speaking, reading, and writing are emphasized.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 105H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001048",
    "code": "FRN 106",
    "title": "Elementary French II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will continue the study of basic French grammar begun in FRN 105. They will also further their skills in listening comprehension, reading and writing in French.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 106",
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    "id": "bmcc-001049",
    "code": "FRN 110",
    "title": "French II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "French II",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 110",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001050",
    "code": "FRN 121",
    "title": "Elem Intensive French 1 & 2",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "This intensive course combines French 105 and 106 into a one-semester course. It is designed for students who have had no previous background in French. Students develop their skills in listening, comprehension, speaking and writing in French, supplemented by readings and analysis of simple French texts. In addition to building vocabulary on everyday life, students develop the ability to make questions and to describe themselves and others, their environment, preferences and lifestyles in French. In the second half of the semester, students are introduced to past tenses, and develop their ability to narrating events and describing people and situations in the past. The course also exposes students to different forms of French and Francophone cultures through music and short film clips.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 121",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001051",
    "code": "FRN 121H",
    "title": "Elem Inten French 1 & 2 (Honor",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "This intensive course combines French 105 and 106 into a one-semester course. It is designed for students who have had no previous background in French. Students develop their skills in listening, comprehension, speaking and writing in French, supplemented by readings and analysis of simple French texts. In addition to building vocabulary on everyday life, students develop the ability to make questions and to describe themselves and others, their environment, preferences and lifestyles in French. In the second half of the semester, students are introduced to past tenses, and develop their ability to narrating events and describing people and situations in the past. The course also exposes students to different forms of French and Francophone cultures through music and short film clips.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 121H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001052",
    "code": "FRN 150",
    "title": "Basic Conversational French",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course for non-native students having mastered two semesters of French is designed to build confidence and competence in conversing in French.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 150",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001053",
    "code": "FRN 200",
    "title": "Intermediate French I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "While reviewing and practicing advanced grammar, students will be trained to write a variety of texts, including personal essays, movie reviews, as well as academic essays.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 200",
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    "id": "bmcc-001054",
    "code": "FRN 200H",
    "title": "Intermediate French I (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "While reviewing and practicing advanced grammar, students will be trained to write a variety of texts, including personal essays, movie reviews, as well as academic essays.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 200H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001055",
    "code": "FRN 204",
    "title": "French Film and Conversation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course involves intensive oral work consisting of discussions of French/Francophone films. Communicative activities and drills in pronunciation, intonation and rhythm are included as well as several oral presentations throughout the course. A wide variety of topics ranging from everyday life problems to major social and cultural issues will be discussed. Readings, written work, and discussions will be in French.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 204",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001056",
    "code": "FRN 210",
    "title": "Intermediate French II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "While reviewing and practicing advanced grammar, students will be trained to write a variety of texts as well as short academic essays.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 210",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001057",
    "code": "FRN 210H",
    "title": "Intermediate French II (Honrs)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "While reviewing and practicing advanced grammar, students will be trained to write a variety of texts as well as short academic essays.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 210H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001058",
    "code": "FRN 221",
    "title": "Intermed Intensive French 1&2",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "This intensive course combines French 200 and 210 into a one-semester course. While reviewing and practicing advanced grammar, students will be trained to write a variety of texts as well as short essays. Since the goal is to enhance students’ speaking and writing abilities in French, French will be the main language spoken in class.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 221",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001059",
    "code": "FRN 265",
    "title": "Children & Young Adult Lit Fre",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course we will read, analyze, and discuss selected Children and Young Adult texts of the 21st century. The goal is to smoothly transition students from textbooks written for French as a second language learners to authentic pieces of literature.This course will address topics chosen to promote cultural understanding, responsible global citizenship and effective intercultural communication. The list of texts may include authors from various countries where French is spoken such as Morocco, Mauritius, Senegal, France. Texts will represent different literary genres (novel, drama, short stories, autofiction, fantasy). Readings, written work, and discussions will be in French.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 265",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001060",
    "code": "FRN 280E",
    "title": "French Caribbean Lit in Transl",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers literature of Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Haiti as well as their respective diasporas across the globe, in English translation, with a focus on ideas and literary movements developed in connection to the colonial and post-colonial contexts. Readings, discussions and written work are conducted in English, but students who wish to read and write in French will be encouraged to do so.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 280E",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001061",
    "code": "FRN 280EH",
    "title": "French Carib Lit Trans(Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers literature of Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Haiti as well as their respective diasporas across the globe, in English translation, with a focus on ideas and literary movements developed in connection to the colonial and post-colonial contexts. Readings, discussions and written work are conducted in English, but students who wish to read and write in French will be encouraged to do so.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 280EH",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001062",
    "code": "FRN 281E",
    "title": "Fren-Speak Women Writ Trans",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the literary works of prominent French-speaking women writers, from the Middle Ages to the 21st century, with an emphasis on fiction, poetry and essays on the question of women’s condition in different periods and geographical locations. While key female authors from continental France are included, the course also explores writings by women from various French-speaking locations across the globe. Readings and classwork conducted in English.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 281E",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001063",
    "code": "FRN 300",
    "title": "Advanced French",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course reviews advanced grammar and syntax and includes composition exercises, with emphasis on developing advanced oral and written proficiency in French. Through the close analysis of texts on a wide range of cultural and social issues, students will learn strategies for writing organized, compelling essays.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 300",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/frn-300.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001064",
    "code": "FRN 303",
    "title": "Conversatn For Tta",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Conversatn For Tta",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 303",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/frn-303.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001065",
    "code": "FRN 310",
    "title": "Advanced French Conversation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course involves intensive oral work consisting of discussions in French based on literary texts of the 20th century with drills in pronunciation, intonation and rhythm. Intensive use is made of the language laboratory.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 310",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001066",
    "code": "FRN 370",
    "title": "Modern French Civilization",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The main aspects of French life and culture as expressed in social, intellectual, and philosophical history are studied in this course. Emphasis is given to the geographic situation, economic, and social changes; the main trends of thought in French tradition, and their impact on modern France.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 370",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001067",
    "code": "FRN 400",
    "title": "Francophone Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores literature written in French from countries outside of France. Works from French Canada, the Caribbean islands (Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Haiti) as well as North and West Africa will be included. Themes highlighting cultural and social differences with France will be discussed. Readings, written work, and oral reports will be in French.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 400",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001068",
    "code": "FRN 430",
    "title": "Fren Lit Middle Ages to 17th",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The chronological evolution of French literature and its relation to French culture, history, and ideas are studied. Major works by representative authors from the 16th, 17th and early 18th centuries are read and discussed with emphasis on ideas and style. Written and oral reports are required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 430",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001069",
    "code": "FRN 435",
    "title": "Frn Lit 18th & 19th Cent",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course concentrates on the literature of the Enlightenment and the 19th century as reflected in the works of Voltaire, Rousseau, Montesquieu, Balzac, Flaubert, Stendhal and the Romantic and Symbolist poets.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 435",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/frn-435",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/frn-435.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001070",
    "code": "FRN 440",
    "title": "Frn Lit 20th & 21st Cent",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this study of major 20th-century and contemporary thinkers, writers and literary movements, emphasis is placed on contributions that help define what it means to be French. Main authors from continental France are included, but attention is also given to writers from the Maghreb, Sub-Saharan Africa and/or the Caribbean.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 440",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/frn-440.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001071",
    "code": "FRN 440H",
    "title": "Frn Lit 20th & 21st Cent (Hon)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this study of major 20th-century and contemporary thinkers, writers and literary movements, emphasis is placed on contributions that help define what it means to be French. Main authors from continental France are included, but attention is also given to writers from the Maghreb, Sub-Saharan Africa and/or the Caribbean.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRN 440H",
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    "code": "HED 888",
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    "code": "HED 901",
    "title": "Hlth Edu Directed Study",
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    "title": "Health Education Directed Stud",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "hours": 4,
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    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Hed Directed Study",
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    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Hed Directed Study",
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    "hours": 7,
    "description": "Hed Directed Study",
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    "code": "HED 908",
    "title": "Health Educ Directed Study",
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    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Health Education Directed Study",
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    "code": "HED 909",
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    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Hed Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001167",
    "code": "HIS 1",
    "title": "History Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "History Elective",
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    "code": "HIS 2LV",
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    "hours": 0,
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    "code": "HIS 100",
    "title": "Western Civil I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Western Civil I",
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    "id": "bmcc-001170",
    "code": "HIS 101",
    "title": "Western Civilization",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course analyzes the societies of Western civilization from their origin to early modern times. The major social, economic, political, religious and intellectual developments are examined and their impact on the development of modern Western civilization is traced.",
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      "bmcc-002473"
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    "code": "HIS 101H",
    "title": "Western Civilization (Honors)",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course analyzes the societies of Western civilization from their origin to early modern times. The major social, economic, political, religious and intellectual developments are examined and their impact on the development of modern Western civilization is traced.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 101H",
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    "code": "HIS 102",
    "title": "Western Civilization",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course traces the growth of the modern Western world to the present. It surveys the political, economic and social foundations of contemporary civilization.",
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    "code": "HIS 110",
    "title": "Western Civilization II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Western Civilization II",
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    "id": "bmcc-001174",
    "code": "HIS 111",
    "title": "Hist of Science and Technology",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this historical survey of the emergence and development of a recognizable science and technology, the interrelationships between science and technology will be brought out. Some of the principal topics considered include science and technology in prehistory; ancient Babylonian, Egyptian, and Greek science and culture; Medieval medical technology and science; the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century; Darwinian evolution; the conquest of epidemic diseases; and the development of nuclear weapons. Critical analysis will cover the nature of scientific ideas, the scientific method, and scientific communities; relations between science, technology, and medicine; and the place of science in modern society.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001175",
    "code": "HIS 114",
    "title": "Asian American History",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The Asian American presence from the mid-nineteenth century to the present is studied. Three periods, 1848 to 1943, 1943 to 1965, and 1965 to the present are examined. Topics are designed to focus on the impact of historical processes on the cultural, economic, and political experiences of diverse Asian American groups in urban and rural communities. The multi-ethnic aspects of Asian American communities are explored.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001176",
    "code": "HIS 115",
    "title": "World History I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers a survey of human history in a global context, beginning with the birth of civilization and running up through the beginnings of the Renaissance in Europe. This historical development of fundamental cultural, political and social institutions will be examined through an analysis of recurring themes in world history. Topics include the earliest civilizations of the Middle East, India, China and the Americas; the beginnings of the world's major faiths, such as Confucianism, Daoism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism; the history of ancient Greece and Rome; the pre-Islamic history of the Middle East; the early histories of Africa, the Far East and the Americas; Islamic History; medieval European history; the Renaissance. It should be noted that, with respect to those topics generally associated with the 'West\" ( i.e., Europe for instance, ancient Greece and Rome and the Renaissance), these will be considered within a more global context; developments in Europe then will be considered in terms of its interaction with other global regions, likewise, as reflective of analogous responses to common societal, cultural and environmental challenges. Indeed, the course will address the question of whether the familiar dichotomy of \"West\" and \"East\" is, in fact, a meaningful one.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002473",
      "bmcc-002480"
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    "id": "bmcc-001177",
    "code": "HIS 116",
    "title": "World History II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course offers a survey of human history in a global context, beginning with the Renaissance in Europe and running up to the present. The historical development of fundamental cultural, political and social institutions will be examined through an analysis of recurring themes in world history. Topics include the respective histories of the world's great religions, the European Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the European Enlightenment, the development ( and continuing pervasiveness) of nationalism, Western imperialism and colonialism, the First and Second World Wars, the Cold War, and decolonization. It should be noted that those topics generally associated with the \"West\" (for instance, nationalism) will be considered within a more global context; likewise, developments in Europe and North America will be considered in terms of their interaction with other global regions and/or as reflective of analogous responses to similar societal, cultural and environmental challenges. Indeed, the course will address the question of whether the familiar dichotomy of \"West\" and \"East\" is, in fact, a meaningful one.",
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      "bmcc-002480"
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    "id": "bmcc-001178",
    "code": "HIS 120",
    "title": "Early American History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, the history of the United States from the Colonial period to the Civil War is studied and the major political, economic and social problems of the new nation are analyzed.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002473",
      "bmcc-002477"
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    "id": "bmcc-001179",
    "code": "HIS 121",
    "title": "Hist Of African Civilizations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines African \"civilizations\" from early antiquity to the decline of the West African Empire of Songhay. Through readings, lectures, discussions and videos, students will be introduced to the major themes and patterns that characterize the various African settlements, states, and empires of antiquity to the close of the seventeenth century. The course explores the wide range of social and cultural as well as technological and economic change in Africa, and interweaves African agricultural, social, political, cultural, technological, and economic history in relation to developments in the rest of the world, in addition to analyzing factors that influenced daily life such as the lens of ecology, food production, disease, social organization and relationships, culture and spiritual practice. This course will help to build a well-rounded knowledge base and understanding of the roles of Africa's peoples in human history.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 121",
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    "id": "bmcc-001180",
    "code": "HIS 122",
    "title": "Africa 1500 to Present",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Africa from the beginnings of the Atlantic Slave Trade to the end of colonialism in the late twentieth century is examined. The effect of colonialism on economic and cultural patterns in the African disapora is explored.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 122",
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    "id": "bmcc-001181",
    "code": "HIS 123",
    "title": "Af-Amer His To 1865",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a systematic examination of the participation of African American people in the political, economic and cultural history of the United States. The involvement of African Americans in abolitionism and in the development of social and cultural institutions in free black communities is analyzed.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 123",
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    "id": "bmcc-001182",
    "code": "HIS 124",
    "title": "Afro-Americ History: 1865-Pres",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Reconstructions I and II, the social Darwinist years, civil rights activism of the 1960's and the cumulative effects of institutionalized racism are set in an historical framework for comparative study. The course examines the impact of urbanization, institutional racism, economic and political policies on the life experiences of African Americans. The dynamics of cultural, social and political interactions within the social structure of the nation since 1865 are analyzed.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455"
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    "id": "bmcc-001183",
    "code": "HIS 125",
    "title": "Modern Amer Hist",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This continued study of American history emphasizes the emergence of an industrial economy, an urban society, world responsibility and the expanded federal government.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002477"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 125",
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    "id": "bmcc-001184",
    "code": "HIS 126",
    "title": "Caribbean History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey covering from the pre-Columbian cultures, the age of discovery and exploration, colonial structures, independence movements, to contemporary Latin America, with special emphasis on the countries of the mainland (i.e., North, Central and South America). Students will learn about the traditions and institutions of Latin American civilization including the Iberian conquest and colonization, the role of the Catholic church, economic and social structures, as well as problems related to government, nation-building, race and class relations, wars and Latin America's position in the world.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 126",
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    "id": "bmcc-001185",
    "code": "HIS 127",
    "title": "P.R.Hist To 1900",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the history of Puerto Rico from the pre-Columbian period to the end of the 19th century. Consideration will be given to political, social, cultural and economic factors contributing ot the emergence of national consciousness in the 19th century and the events leading to the Spanish American war in 1898.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 127",
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    "id": "bmcc-001186",
    "code": "HIS 128",
    "title": "Hist Of P.R.To Pres",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the historical conditions of Puerto Rico in the 20th century. The transition from a Spanish colony to an American possession is examined. The events and forces that created the present Puerto Rico are studied and analyzed in perspective. The alternatives to the problem of status commonwealth, statehood and independence are studied.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 128",
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    "id": "bmcc-001187",
    "code": "HIS 129",
    "title": "Intro to the Middle East",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Recent events have seen a growing interest in that part of the world commonly referred to as the Middle East. This course aims to introduce students to the Middle East, from the rise of Islam to contemporary times. It takes a cross-disciplinary approach, designed to allow students the chance to examine the region from a number of different perspectives; not only an historical one, but also those of literature, religion, economics, politics and international relations. It is hoped that, at minimum, the course will provide a sound basis by which students might better frame their understanding of the region; at maximum, that it might stimulate a desire to further explore the region in greater depth. Particularly, given the tendency if the media to view the region largely in terms of current events, it is hoped that by taking a cross-disciplinary approach, students will come to conceive of the region as a multi-dimensional; as a region with rich and varied cultural, historical and intellectual traditions; most importantly, as a region made up of people, of individuals who have many of the same desires and aspirations, the same fears and concerns, as ourselves. Given that the course constitutes a broad cross-disciplinary survey of the Middle East, it will, at times, be necessarily selective, focusing in depth on specific but representative aspects of Middle Eastern civilization. Students are thus encouraged to make reference to the \"additional reading list\" towards the end of the syllabus. An additional goal of the course is to consider in a more critical way the manner in which the region is portrayed in the media. Thus, periodically, we will be examining issues of topical interest.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 129",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001188",
    "code": "HIS 130",
    "title": "History of Latin America",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey covering from the pre-Columbian cultures, the age of discovery and exploration, colonial structures, independence movements, to contemporary Latin America, with special emphasis on the countries of the mainland (i.e., North, Central, and South America). Students will learn about the traditions and institutions of Latin American Civilization including the Iberian conquest and colonization, the role of the Catholic Church, economic and social structures, as well as problems related to government, nation-building, race and class relations, wars and Latin America's position in the world.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 130",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001189",
    "code": "HIS 131",
    "title": "History of Dominican Republic",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the history of the Dominican Republic from the pre-Columbian and colonial periods to the present. It deals with the geographical, political, social and economic factors that form the Dominican nation. Emphasis is given to relations with Haiti and North America. The course also analyzes the position of the Dominican Republic in the community of Latin American nations as well as its place in today's world.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 131",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001190",
    "code": "HIS 200",
    "title": "Early Amer Hist",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Early Amer Hist",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 200",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001191",
    "code": "HIS 210",
    "title": "American History II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "American History II",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 210",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001192",
    "code": "HIS 222",
    "title": "Hist of Sci & Tech",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "History of Science and Technology",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 222",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001193",
    "code": "HIS 225",
    "title": "History of Women",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course in social and intellectual history examines ideas about women and women's status in society in selected periods of history. Emphasis is placed on the reading and interpretation of primary source material. Topics included are: the historiography of women's history; examples of matriarchy; women in the Ancient Near East; Greece and Rome in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance; the role of women in the American slave and plantation society; women in the modern capitalist and socialist worlds.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIS 225",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/his-225",
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    "code": "HIS 226",
    "title": "Conflict in the Middle East",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "HIS 226H",
    "title": "Confl in Middle East (Honors)",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course will address in a historical context the political, social, economic and ideological factors underlying the various conflicts that have confronted the Middle East, beginning with post-First World War period and ending with more recent developments, with the aim of helping students better appreciate their root causes and complexities.",
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    "code": "HIS 250",
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    "code": "HIS 275",
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    "code": "HIS 400",
    "title": "Hist Of Latin Amer",
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    "code": "HIS 450",
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    "code": "HIS 600",
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    "code": "HIS 650",
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    "code": "HIS 700",
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    "code": "HIS 701",
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    "code": "HIS 720",
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    "description": "This course covers the development and use of primary and secondary indexes and registries, numbering and filing systems and microfilming methodologies utilized for the retention and retrieval of health information.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001236",
    "code": "HIT 331",
    "title": "Medicolegal Applications",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course covers the legal principles applicable to malpractice; New York State Health Code statutes; confidentiality and informed consent requirements; procedures for the release of medical information and response to subpoena duces tecum.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001237",
    "code": "HIT 332",
    "title": "Perform Improve & Data Analysi",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the use of review methodologies required by third party reimbursement agencies to insure that patients receive appropriate medical care. The principles of form design and control procedures will be examined.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIT 332",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001238",
    "code": "HIT 333",
    "title": "Code & Class Systems II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of HIT 207 ? Medical Coding I and covers the historical development and current medical coding systems for diagnoses, procedures, and reimbursement systems. Students will gain entry-level competency in the use of the current ICD-CM coding system by coding inpatient charts and assigning a diagnostic related group (DRG), utilizing an internet based coding program. Students will also complete coding exercises within and outside of the classroom covering the coding of procedures, diagnostic, and therapeutic options applicable to all body systems.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001239",
    "code": "HIT 334",
    "title": "CPT/HCPCS Coding",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of HIT 209 in further learning the current ICD-CM and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding system. Students are required to code ambulatory and inpatient charts utilizing a software to assign a Diagnostic Related Group. Students will be introduced to other coding systems and clinical terminologies (HCPCS, SNOMED) and perform in class activities of each coding system.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001240",
    "code": "HIT 421",
    "title": "Code/Class Systems III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of HIT 330 and focuses on medical coding systems which are utilized for reimbursement of health care services.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001241",
    "code": "HIT 422",
    "title": "Health Care Delivery Systems",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This advanced course serves to integrate medical record science skills and technology into widely used functions. Topics include the organization and function of a Cancer Registry, responsibilities of medical staff committees and the requirements of health care accrediting agencies as these relate to health information technology.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001242",
    "code": "HIT 423",
    "title": "Management in the HIM Dept",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the theories and techniques of management. Students demonstrate their knowledge and understanding through laboratory exercises. This is a required course in the HIT curriculum.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIT 423",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001243",
    "code": "HIT 430",
    "title": "Prof Practic Exp II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is a supervised learning experience in affiliated clinical sites which enables the student to acquire competence in medical record procedures.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001244",
    "code": "HSD 102",
    "title": "Medical Office Assistant",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces essential medical office skills, basic biological principles, and health services administration procedures. It emphasizes patient-centered care, professionalism, and healthcare operations. Students learn the administrative and communication skills required for entry-level employment in a healthcare setting, including medical terminology, patient interaction, appointment scheduling, medical record management, information processing, and the ethical and legal principles of confidentiality and compliance. Each student must complete a minimum of 120 hours of supervised field experience, which supplements classroom instruction with professional practice. Students planning to register should contact the Health Studies Department during the semester prior to enrollment to begin the clearance process, which may include a health examination. Field placements must begin no later than the first week of the semester and all required hours must be completed by Week 15. Students are placed with approved healthcare employers and are required to maintain weekly time logs, submit an employer evaluation, and demonstrate professional conduct and reliability. Students who arrange their own placement must obtain departmental approval in advance.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001245",
    "code": "HSD 108",
    "title": "Health, Illness and Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores personal health through the lens of the socio-ecological model, emphasizing social responsibility. The socio-ecological model of health acknowledges that individual health and societal health are deeply intertwined and influence each other in multiple ways. Recognizing this, the curriculum delves into the intricate interplay between personal, interpersonal, and broader socio-ecological factors. By examining how these layers collectively influence well-being, students gain insight into their own health and wellness. The course aims not only to guide students in adopting healthier lifestyles but also to inspire collective action for healthier societies, acknowledging that individual well-being is deeply connected to social and environmental factors.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001246",
    "code": "HSD 110",
    "title": "Comprehensive Health Education",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course in health educations offers a comprehensive approach that provides students with the knowledge, skills, and behavioral models to enhance their physical, emotional, social, intellectual and spiritual health as well as facilitate their health decision-making ability. Areas of specialization include: alcohol, tobacco and abused substances, mental and emotional health, human sexuality and family living, nutrition, physical fitness, cardiovascular health, environmental health and health care delivery. HED 110 fulfills all degree requirements for HE 100. Students who have completed HED 100 - Health Education will not receive credit for this course.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001247",
    "code": "HSD 190",
    "title": "Human Sexuality and Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores the intersections of sexuality and culture, looking at the social construction of sexuality, the development of sexual and relationship norms through history, and the role of media and popular culture in shaping our understanding of sexuality, gender, and relationships.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "id": "bmcc-001248",
    "code": "HSD 195",
    "title": "Food, Culture and Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will examine American dining rituals and patterns from colonial times through the 21st Century. Students will examine how historical events of colonization, trade, war, industrialization and weather impacted food consumption and diet in America. Using a socioecological model, students will also examine how American meal patterns are influenced by religion, race, culture, economics and politics.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001249",
    "code": "HSD 195H",
    "title": "Food, Cultr & Society (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will examine American dining rituals and patterns from colonial times through the 21st Century. Students will examine how historical events of colonization, trade, war, industrialization and weather impacted food consumption and diet in America. Using a socioecological model, students will also examine how American meal patterns are influenced by religion, race, culture, economics and politics.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001250",
    "code": "HSD 201",
    "title": "Health Education and Exercise",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will develop positive health related attitudes, values, and habits to promote physical, mental and social wellness. The student will attain a broad spectrum of exercise information and skills and apply that knowledge to those skills in a laboratory fitness program, utilizing appropriate equipment to assess the function of muscular systems during physical performance. Individuals will explore the body's adaptation to aerobic, anaerobic, and resistance training.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001251",
    "code": "HSD 202",
    "title": "Drug Use in American Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the use of licit and illicit drugs across cultures within the context of personal health and wellness. The historical, pharmacodynamics, psychological, emotional and social aspects of licit and illicit drug use, as well as drug abuse, will serve as the foundation for this examination.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HSD 202",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001252",
    "code": "HSD 210",
    "title": "Contemporary Health Issues",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "An advanced seminar in health education, this course concentrates on an in-depth investigation of selected health problems. Emphasis is placed on social aspects of health.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001253",
    "code": "HSD 211",
    "title": "Critical Health Topics & Issue",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course academically examines topics that health education professionals have identified as: 1) critical to the health and well being of specific populations, 2) relevant to the current state of the nation’s health and healthcare system, 3) representative of recent trends in health practices/theory, or 4) a significant health concern attributable to personal health behavior(s). This course provides for an in-depth analysis of the array of topics germane to the health field. Each semester one or more topics will be offered through this course.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HSD 211",
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    "id": "bmcc-001254",
    "code": "HSD 215",
    "title": "Hab & Addict & Prev",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers causes of alcoholism and drug abuse. It discusses ways people are introduced to harmful substances, social and personal effects of alcoholism and drug abuse, prevention, and rehabilitation techniques. Methods and materials for the professional student are given special consideration.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001255",
    "code": "HSD 220",
    "title": "Human Sexuality",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course deals with the physiological, psychological and social aspects of human sexual development and functions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001256",
    "code": "HSD 225",
    "title": "Health Concerns of Women",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This health course is aimed to be a practical course for students and to affect their lives in a positive way. It provides an opportunity to gain information and insight into the physical, psychological, and social aspects of women's health concerns.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001257",
    "code": "HSD 230",
    "title": "Consumer Health Survey",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Historical events and contemporary factors affecting the availability, control, and monitoring of American Health Care products and services are explored. Such factors include: the private and public financing of health care, public and private monitoring of health care; and the ethical issues of medical care in America. The purpose of the course is not to advocate any particular health care philosophy, product or service, but to provide the student with the skills and factual base for making informed decisions in the health care marketplace.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HSD 230",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001258",
    "code": "HSD 230H",
    "title": "Consumer Health Survey(Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Historical events and contemporary factors affecting the availability, control, and monitoring of American Health Care products and services are explored. Such factors include: the private and public financing of health care, public and private monitoring of health care; and the ethical issues of medical care in America. The purpose of the course is not to advocate any particular health care philosophy, product or service, but to provide the student with the skills and factual base for making informed decisions in the health care marketplace.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HSD 230H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001259",
    "code": "HSD 235",
    "title": "Nutrition for Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines what the National Academy of Sciences recommends for meeting one's nutritional needs. It examines the food, beverages, and supplements that comprise one's diet and assesses their impact on health following digestion, absorption, and metabolism. The course is designed to help students make health informed choices regarding nutritional needs and goals.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001260",
    "code": "HSD 240",
    "title": "First Aid Safety",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students in this course acquire knowledege essential for safe living,including the causes and preventions of accidents. The students learn the practical skills of first aid and cardio pulmonary resuscitation. Students are eligible for certification provided they meet Red Cross standards.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001261",
    "code": "HSD 250",
    "title": "Stress Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive overview of the psychological, physical, and social understanding of the stress response. The course will explore the divergent ranges of the human stress response, while emphasizing the use of positive stress in an academic setting. Opportunities will be provided for students to learn concrete scientific measures, gain practical insights, and adapt viable stress management techniques. The purpose of this course is not to advocate any one particular technique, but rather to enable students to make informed decisions about stress management approaches toward enhancing health.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001262",
    "code": "HSD 250H",
    "title": "Stress Management (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive overview of the psychological, physical, and social understanding of the stress response. The course will explore the divergent ranges of the human stress response, while emphasizing the use of positive stress in an academic setting. Opportunities will be provided for students to learn concrete scientific measures, gain practical insights, and adapt viable stress management techniques. The purpose of this course is not to advocate any one particular technique, but rather to enable students to make informed decisions about stress management approaches toward enhancing health.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HSD 250H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001263",
    "code": "HSD 255",
    "title": "Comm Strategy- Health Literacy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the United States and International field of health communication with an emphasis on theoretical constructs, practical models and applications. This course of study examines the multifaceted nature of health communication and its role in personal health behavior and public health interventions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001264",
    "code": "HSD 260",
    "title": "Wellness Cardiovascular Care",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on preventive heart care utilizing: nutritional plans, cardiovascular stress management, cardiovascular knowledge, and individualized cardiovascular fitness programs. In the classroom and fitness laboratory, students explore, devise and practice educational and fitness strategies to improve their overall cardiovascular health.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HSD 260",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001265",
    "code": "HSD 270",
    "title": "Hlt Perspctve Of Death & Dying",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course experience provides students with an understanding of death and dying from a physiological, emotional, spiritual, and behavioral perspective with additional emphasis on legal and ethical issues. Topics to be explored include: therapeutic care plans as they relate to diseases and disorders of the terminally ill; medical preparation for death, inclusive of DNI (do not intubate), DNR (do not resuscitate) and health proxy laws; an examination of the emotional and physiological impact on the health of the caregiver as well as that of the terminal patient, ; an examination of funeral rituals and grieving practices involved in the healing process of bereavement, as well as unique circumstances of death involving suicide and euthanasia. Overall, the course explores death within the multiple dimensions of health and wellness on the continuum of the life cycle.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001266",
    "code": "HSD 270H",
    "title": "Hlt Per Of Death & Dy (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course experience provides students with an understanding of death and dying from a physiological, emotional, spiritual, and behavioral perspective with additional emphasis on legal and ethical issues. Topics to be explored include: therapeutic care plans as they relate to diseases and disorders of the terminally ill; medical preparation for death, inclusive of DNI (do not intubate), DNR (do not resuscitate) and health proxy laws; an examination of the emotional and physiological impact on the health of the caregiver as well as that of the terminal patient, ; an examination of funeral rituals and grieving practices involved in the healing process of bereavement, as well as unique circumstances of death involving suicide and euthanasia. Overall, the course explores death within the multiple dimensions of health and wellness on the continuum of the life cycle.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001267",
    "code": "HSD 275",
    "title": "HIV/AIDS: Public Hlth Implicat",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will provide an overview of the social and behavioral factors which influence the transmission as well as the prevention of HIV/AIDS throughout the world. Students will become familiar with the determinants and distribution of AIDS, and the psychosocial, bio-behavioral, environmental and community factors related to the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. Students will have an opportunity to explore their own beliefs, values, and approaches to the issues regarding HIV/AIDS, in addition to the cultural, political, social, legal, ethical, spiritual, and public health issues and the perspectives of people living with HIV infection and AIDS that are needed to inform practice and policy.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001268",
    "code": "HSD 276",
    "title": "Environ & Occupational Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to physical, chemical and biological hazards found in the environment and public health risks associated with workplace and community exposure to them. The historical, economic, and cultural forces contributing to and inhibiting solutions to occupational and environmental safety and public health problems are analyzed. Topics include air and water quality, climate change, waste disposal, occupational health issues, exposure to toxic materials and others.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001269",
    "code": "HSD 280",
    "title": "History & Princ Public Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will examine the history of health and illness from a population perspective. The course will present students with past, present, and future key public health topics and their application to public health strategies to prevent or minimize health problems among cultural diverse populations and across the lifespan. This course will present students with foundational knowledge in public health by examining policy practice, and methods in the United States and abroad.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001270",
    "code": "HSD 285",
    "title": "Social & Behavior Determ Hlth",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course present students a cognitive and affective foundation to explore psychological, social, and cultural determinants of health behavior. Students will explore the several theories and principles that can be used to define how human behaviors and social factors influence health in general and their application for health professionals in community settings. The course will cover social issues and factors that place people in various socioeconomic groups (gender, race, ethnicity, and place of birth) at different risk levels for premature morality and poor health.",
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    "code": "HSD 290",
    "title": "Prin & Prac of Behavior Change",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to instill in students a foundation knowledge in the social and behavioral determinants that influence health status. Students will develop writing skills for effectively communicating about psychosocial issues in public health. The course will provide students with an opportunity to examine the causes of behavior in the home, school, and community settings, examine how environmental variables may be manipulated in order to increase appropriate behavior, models of behavior changes for students, and learn about the legal and ethical issues in behavior change.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001272",
    "code": "HSD 295",
    "title": "Epidemiology Public Hlth Prac",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course presents basic principles and methods of public health epidemiology. Particular emphasis is on applying epidemiologic methods to public health problems such as measures of disease frequency, study designs and bias, effect modification, outbreak investigations, screening, causality and ethical issues. Students will develop skills to interpret and evaluate health information from published epidemiologic studies.",
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    "code": "HSD 296",
    "title": "Biostatistics in Public Health",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will provide students with the basic knowledge and skills of data management, statistical techniques, and measurement in public health research. It will concentrate on interpretation and comprehension of graphical and statistical techniques most often used in public health research and practice. Topics covered will include vital statistics, descriptive and inferential statistics, multi-variable analysis, and measurement methods. Students will acquire practical skills of data management and statistical analysis through the use of computer software.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001274",
    "code": "HSD 301",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "id": "bmcc-001275",
    "code": "HSD 302",
    "title": "Health Counseling",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide health education students with an understanding of theories and models upon which behavior change is based and with strategies to impact health behavior change. Students will acquire basic health behavior counseling and coaching skills and practice principles involved in motivation and program adherence and retention. Each student will gain experience working in the field of community health education through a field placement assignment.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001276",
    "code": "HSD 310",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will investigate health issues related to aging from a global perspective. Students will understand how culture influences individual responses' to elderly and the aging. The relationship between aging, chronic and degenerative diseases will also be reviewed with special consideration given to the effect of biological changes in elders' process, health functioning and prevention of the effects of physical and mental deterioration of the individual.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001277",
    "code": "HSD 340",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores the global aspects of nutrition in relation to health and disease. Students will examine factors that contribute to hunger, malnutrition, nutrition-related diseases and chronic diseases. Students will examine nutrition epidemiology and consequences of malnutrition in terms of morbidity and mortality. Students will also examine political mechanism that affect delivery of quality food and nutrition services, such as legislation, policies and practices. Students will develop cultural competencies needed for effective nutrition intervention as well as explore agricultural techniques needed for sustainable development.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001278",
    "code": "HSD 341",
    "title": "Nutrition Across the Lifespan",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "HSD 476",
    "title": "Cross Cult Hlth Edu Peru & U.S",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This Study Abroad course will expose students to the rich history and culture of inhabitants of the Andes. Class sessions will be based in the city of Cusco, Peru, the former capital of the Inca Empire. Cusco is an ancient colonial city built on Inca monuments, and has been declared a World Heritage site by the UN. Field trips and hosting with local families will expose students to the culture, health practices, and beliefs of the Andean people. The course will be based at the Centro Tinku, a cultural center dedicated to exchanges between students and inhabitants of the Andes. Students will compare and contrast Peruvian and U.S. access to health care in colonial times and the present, complementary and alternative medicines, and health outcomes.",
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    "code": "HTT 200",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "HTT 201",
    "title": "Hotels, Travel & Tourism Tech",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed for students to learn the operations of the hotel, travel and tourism industry as impacted by information technology (IT). Students will learn the IT needs of this global business and study the digitization of the back-office processes and value chains in the hospitality, travel and tourism industries that enable organizations to maximize their efficacy and effectiveness.",
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    "code": "HTT 301",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to analyze the global environment of the hospitality, travel and tourism industry including the current economic, social, competitive, political-legal and technological environment that determines demand. The major purpose of the course is to provide students with a methodology to study the marketing of products and services in the hospitality, travel and tourism industry at a strategic level.",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "HTT 888",
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    "code": "HUM 1",
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    "code": "HUM 101",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "HUM 201",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course is designed to train students in the use of helping skills and techniques utilized in the field of human services. Some of the areas covered in the course include interviewing and counseling, making referrals, assessment, group process and behavioral techniques. Course content will include completion of web-based professional certification(s) such as; child abuse identification and prevention, psychological first aid, and elder abuse identification and prevention, thus preparing students for field experience/internships and human services employment.",
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    "code": "HUM 211",
    "title": "Introduction to Gerontology",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides students with a basic understanding of the interrelationships between the physical, intellectual, social and psychological aspects of the aging process in contemporary society. Problems particular to aging are explored as well as policies and programs which have been developed to deal with them.",
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    "code": "HUM 212",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on the psychological and sociological aspects of disabling conditions, and the approaches to effecting the person's habilitation/rehabilitation through behavior change.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001290",
    "code": "HUM 213",
    "title": "Child Welfare",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of child welfare as a field of Social Work practice. Course content includes the relationships of parents, children and society; the development of old and new governmental programs for children; the impact on the family of child welfare policies, and the future of child welfare programs in the United States.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001291",
    "code": "HUM 301",
    "title": "Fld Exp Hum Ser I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students are placed for one day per week in human service settings where they learn first-hand about agency structure and function, the activities of human service professionals, and the application of human service skills. Settings include community centers, hospitals, family service agencies, community residences for the developmentally disabled, senior citizen centers, homeless shelters, child psychiatry clinics, etc. A one hour weekly class session reinforces the agency experience through case presentations and group discussion. This course is open only to students enrolled in the Human Services curriculum.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001292",
    "code": "HUM 401",
    "title": "Fld Exp Hum Ser II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course follows the same format as HUM 301, Field Experience in Human Services I. Remaining in the same field placement, the student deepens his/her knowledge and strengthens his/her skills through continued practice and supervision. This course is open only to students enrolled in the Human Services curriculum.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001293",
    "code": "HUM 411",
    "title": "Soc Wel Prog & Pol",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will acquaint students with the social welfare system of the United States. An historical perspective helps to illuminate the evolution of current policies, programs and practices. Poverty in the U.S. is analyzed as well as the specific programs which have been developed to alleviate it. Cross-cultural approaches to social welfare are also examined. This course meets the requirements as a liberal arts elective in social science.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001294",
    "code": "HUM 888",
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    "id": "bmcc-001295",
    "code": "ITL CON105",
    "title": "Italian Conversation Hour",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Italian Conversation Hour",
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    "id": "bmcc-001296",
    "code": "ITL CON106",
    "title": "Italian Conversation Hour",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Italian Conversation Hour",
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    "id": "bmcc-001297",
    "code": "ITL 1",
    "title": "Italian Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Italian Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-001298",
    "code": "ITL 2LV",
    "title": "Italian 200-Level Elective",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Italian 200-Level Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-001299",
    "code": "ITL 3LV",
    "title": "Italian 300-Level Elective",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Italian 300-Level Elective",
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    "code": "ITL 4LV",
    "title": "Italian 400-Level Elective",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Italian 400-Level Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-001301",
    "code": "ITL 100",
    "title": "Italian I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Italian I",
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    "code": "ITL 101",
    "title": "Italian I",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is for students who have had no previous background in Italian. Grammar is taught inductively and simple texts are read. Skills in comprehension, speaking, reading and writing are developed.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001303",
    "code": "ITL 102",
    "title": "Italian II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "In this continuation of Italian I, grammar, composition, conversation and reading of Italian texts are covered.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001304",
    "code": "ITL 105",
    "title": "Elementary Italian I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is for students who have had no previous background in Italian. Grammar is taught inductively and simple texts are read. Speaking, reading, and writing are emphasized.",
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    "code": "ITL 105H",
    "title": "Elementary Italian I (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is for students who have had no previous background in Italian. Grammar is taught inductively and simple texts are read. Speaking, reading, and writing are emphasized.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001306",
    "code": "ITL 106",
    "title": "Elementary Italian II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will continue the study of basic Italian grammar begun in ITL 105. They will also further their skills in listening comprehension reading and writing in Italian.",
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    "code": "ITL 106H",
    "title": "Elementary Italian II (Honors)",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will continue the study of basic Italian grammar begun in ITL 105. They will also further their skills in listening comprehension reading and writing in Italian.",
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    "code": "ITL 110",
    "title": "Italian II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Italian II",
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    "description": "This course will explore the history of Italian fashion by focusing on its social, cultural, economic and political aspects beginning with the Renaissance. In so doing students will acquire the skills to evaluate how fashion over time reflects the complexities of society.",
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    "description": "In this course we will use food as the critical lens to explore and contextualize the formation of national identity through the many changes Italy underwent, from ancient Rome to present time, in terms of history, geography, local gastronomy, and traditions. No knowledge of Italian is required.",
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    "description": "In this course we will use food as the critical lens to explore and contextualize the formation of national identity through the many changes Italy underwent, from Ancient Rome to present time, in terms of history, geography, local gastronomy, and traditions. No knowledge of Italian is required.",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course involves intensive oral and written work consisting of discussions of Italian films in context. Several essays will be written in Italian. Drills in pronunciation, intonation and rhythm are included as well as several oral presentations throughout the course. Films will be screened during lab time and discussed during class sessions. A wide variety of topics ranging from everyday life problems to major social and political issues will be discussed.",
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    "description": "A survey of Italian literature and its relation to Italian culture and ideas are studied. Selections from major works by representative authors are read and discussed. A wide variety of topics from Dante to contemporary literature will be covered. Written and oral reports are required.",
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    "title": "Puerto Rican Elective - Art",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Puerto Rican Elective - Art",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 2",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-2.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001349",
    "code": "LAT 2LV",
    "title": "LAT 200-Level Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "LAT 200-Level Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 2LV",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-2lv.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001350",
    "code": "LAT 3",
    "title": "Puerto Rican Elective - Hist",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Puerto Rican Elective - Hist",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 3",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-3.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001351",
    "code": "LAT 4",
    "title": "Puerto Rican Elective-Music",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Puerto Rican Elective-Music",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 4",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-4",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-4.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001352",
    "code": "LAT 5",
    "title": "Puerto Rican Elective-Eng",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Puerto Rican Elective-Eng",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 5",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-5.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001353",
    "code": "LAT 6",
    "title": "Puerto Rican Elective-Soc Sci",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Puerto Rican Elective-Soc Sci",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 6",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-6.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001354",
    "code": "LAT 7",
    "title": "Puerto Rican Elective-Spn",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Puerto Rican Elective-Spn",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 7",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-7.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001355",
    "code": "LAT 124",
    "title": "Latin American Theatre & Perfo",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This survey course will look at major trends and directions in Latin American theatre by drawing on plays and performance ensembles of the mid-twentieth century to the present. We will look at the work of some of the most influential playwrights, directors, and ensembles as they grapple with their political, national, and cultural contexts, and discuss these artists' dual commitment to social conscience and artistic expression. We will read manifestoes and plays by many of Latin America's major playwrights and performing artists, as well as critical writing by scholars and historians. We will also engage with documentary films and videos of performances.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 124",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-124",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-124.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001356",
    "code": "LAT 125",
    "title": "P.R. Culture & Folk",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the emergence of a national culture, folklore and identity. Topics include the Taino, Spanish and African contributions to the creation of a criollo personality and character and the Puerto Rican family, race relations, the jibaro, religion, and the arts. It reviews customs, traditions, celebrations, dances, legends, songs, proverbs, and hero/underdog stories as well as the impact of the United States culture. (Same as ANT 125)",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 125",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-125",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-125.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001357",
    "code": "LAT 127",
    "title": "P.R.Hist To 1900",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the history of Puerto Rico from the pre-Columbian period to the end of the 19th century. Consideration will be given to political, social, cultural, and economic factors contributing to the emergence of national consciousness in the 19th century and to the events leading to the Spanish-American War in 1898.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 127",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-127",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-127.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001358",
    "code": "LAT 128",
    "title": "Hist Of P.R To Pres",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the historical conditions of Puerto Rico in the 20th century. The transition from a Spanish colony to an American possession is examined. The events and forces that created the present Puerto Rico are studied and analyzed in perspective. The alternatives to the problem of status commonwealth, statehood and independence are studied.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 128",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-128",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-128.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001359",
    "code": "LAT 130",
    "title": "History Of Latin America",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey covering from the pre-Columbian cultures, the age of discovery and exploration, colonial structures, independence movements, to contemporary Latin America, with special emphasis on the countries of the mainland (i.e., North, Central and South America). Students will learn about the traditions and institutions of Latin American civilization including the Iberian conquest and colonization, the role of the Catholic Church, economic and social structures, as well as problems related to government, nation-building, race and class relations, wars and Latin America's position in the world.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002466",
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 130",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-130",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-130.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001360",
    "code": "LAT 130H",
    "title": "His Of Latin America (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey covering from the pre-Columbian cultures, the age of discovery and exploration, colonial structures, independence movements, to contemporary Latin America, with special emphasis on the countries of the mainland (i.e., North, Central and South America). Students will learn about the traditions and institutions of Latin American civilization including the Iberian conquest and colonization, the role of the Catholic Church, economic and social structures, as well as problems related to government, nation-building, race and class relations, wars and Latin America's position in the world.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 130H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-130h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-130h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001361",
    "code": "LAT 131",
    "title": "Hist Of Domin Rep",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the history of the Dominican Republic from the pre-Columbian and Colonial periods to the present. It deals with the geographical, political, social and economic factors that form the Dominican nation. Emphasis is given to relations with Haiti and North America. The course also analyzes the position of the Dominican Republic in the community of Latin American nations as well as its place in today's world.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 131",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-131",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-131.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001362",
    "code": "LAT 140",
    "title": "Intro to Mexican-American Stud",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the varied experiences of Mexicans in the United States from an interdisciplinary perspective. Through readings, lectures, media and discussions, students will learn about the historical, social and cultural contributions of Mexican Americans. The course will survey the history and evolution of Mexicans in the United States at the same time that it explores issues culture and identity. While the course emphasizes developments in the 20th and 21st centuries, students will also engage with developments prior to the 20th century. Students will study major political and social events that contributed to the incorporation of Mexicans into US institutions as well as become familiar with current events and perspectives regarding the experiences in today’s society.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 140",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-140",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-140.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001363",
    "code": "LAT 141",
    "title": "Puerto Rican Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course will survey the musical genres of Puerto Rico and how each developed within a historical and social context, beginning with the roleof music in pre-Colombian, European and African cultures up to the present.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 141",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-141",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-141.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001364",
    "code": "LAT 142",
    "title": "Latin and Caribbean Music",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Latin and Caribbean Music",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 142",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-142",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-142.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001365",
    "code": "LAT 150",
    "title": "The Latino Experience In U.S.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the varied experiences of Latinos in the United States of America. Through readings, lectures, discussions and fieldwork, students will become familiar with the group and its diverse components from North, Central and South America as well as the Caribbean, while covering representative nationalities such as Mexicans, Salvadorians, Cubans, Colombians, Ecuadorians, Puerto Ricans and Dominicans. The course will survey the history and evolution of Latinos at the same time that it explores issues of culture and identity. Other topics include family, race relations, religion, education, economic incorporation and political participation. Key issues of contemporary interest will also be explored, such as Latinos and immigration, and the impact they have on local, state and nationwide elective office.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002466",
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 150",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-150",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-150.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001366",
    "code": "LAT 151",
    "title": "Politics of PR Communities",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an analysis of the political movements and parties of Puerto Rican communities in the U.S.A.; the relationships of these movements and parties toward political development in Puerto Rico; the role of the Puerto Rican in both traditional and radical political movements in the U.S.A.; and how political participation in the American process has come to contribute to a sense of community identity among Puerto Ricans in the U.S.A.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 151",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-151",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-151.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001367",
    "code": "LAT 152",
    "title": "PR Exp in Urban U.S. Settings",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the peculiar characteristics of the Puerto Rican migration to the U.S. It analyzes the processes of assimilation and adaptation to the American society as opposed to the identity and preservation of Puerto Rican cultural values. The problems of education, housing, health services, family and community, employment, and economic development are given special attention as they relate to the unique experience of the Puerto Rican in the U.S.A.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 152",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-152",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-152.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001368",
    "code": "LAT 200",
    "title": "Ppls & Cultrs Lat Am & Crbn",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the diverse peoples and cultures that have populated Latin American and the Caribbean region since pre-Columbian times. It discusses the legacy of European colonization and the subsequent struggles for independence, formation of national identities, and the quest for modernization today. The course will place particular emphasis on the production of social movements that respond to social inequality, and conflicting ideologies around ethnicity, race and gender among other factors. The readings illustrate case studies that examine a wide range of topics - ecological adaptation, food production, kinship and local politics, medical and religious beliefs and artistic expressions - from small-scale rural society to large complex urban centers throughout the continent. It will also explore how globalization, intense migration, and transnationalism have generated new notions of identity in the US today.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002466",
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 200",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-200",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-200.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001369",
    "code": "LAT 233",
    "title": "Puerto Rican Writers",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an intensive study of a group of Puerto Rican writers and their reactions to different periods in the history of their country. The course includes both oral and written analyses of the important works of Eugenio Maria de Hostos, Jose de Diego, Antonio S. Pedreira, Julia de Burgos, J. L. Gonzalez, Luis R. Sanchez, and other selected writers. Each writer is studied as a man/woman reflected in his/her works-his/her unique reactions to the circumstances in which he/she has lived.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 233",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-233",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-233.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001370",
    "code": "LAT 234",
    "title": "The Puerto Rican Family",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the Puerto Rican family as the primary unit of Puerto Rican society, reflecting the patterns and dynamics of that society. It examines the variations in family structure that have evolved from the Taino, Spanish and African cultures. The historical and economic changes that have transformed Puerto Rican society are analyzed with emphasis on their effect on the family structure. The experience of migration and its impact on the Puerto Rican family are considered. Attention is given to the problems facing the family as the unit of migration.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 234",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-234",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-234.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001371",
    "code": "LAT 235",
    "title": "Puerto Rican Theatre",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a study of the drama written in Puerto Rico during the Spanish Colonial period, its relation to the development of a national identity and its links to the developing drama in Latin America. The course also studies the contemporary dramatic expression both on the island and in the U.S.A., and analyzes the different aspects and problems of a dramatic production. Actors, directors and playwrights are invited for discussions and students are required to see and study local productions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 235",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-235",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-235.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001372",
    "code": "LAT 236",
    "title": "Pr Econ Development",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course analyzes the history and effects of American economic policies on contemporary Puerto Rico. Economic conditions before the American occupation are examined with the objective of comparing them with the conditions and changes after 1898. The period of sugar as a monoculture is studied as well as the great depression and its impact on Puerto Rico. The coming to power of the Popular Party, with its politics of land reform and economic development, are examined. The economic and social planning that have brought about modern Puerto Rico are analyzed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 236",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-236",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-236.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001373",
    "code": "LAT 237",
    "title": "Puerto Rican Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of Puerto Rican literature from the Spanish colonial period through the 19th century. It includes a study of the first literary expressions (both in prose and verse), a history of the various literary movements, and representative authors and their works. Written critical analyses and oral reports on selected work are required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 237",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-237",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-237.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001374",
    "code": "LAT 238",
    "title": "Contemp Pr Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the contemporary literary expression in Puerto Rico. Authors such as Luis Pales Matos, Julia de Burgos, Diaz Alfaro, and other short story writers are studied and evaluated. The course studies and analyzes the modern novel as a reflection of the present Puerto Rican society.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 238",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-238",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-238.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001375",
    "code": "LAT 239",
    "title": "Short Story Carib",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the short story as a major form of literary expression in the Spanish speaking countries of the Caribbean: Colombia, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela. It studies the development of the short story beginning with Indian legends recreated by Spaniards during the early Colonial period. Examples of short stories written during the different literary movements are studied and analyzed. The relationship between the writer and society is analyzed as well as the common history, culture, and socio-economic problems which are reflected in each story.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 239",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-239",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-239.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001376",
    "code": "LAT 338",
    "title": "Latino/Writer In Us",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, works reflecting the experiences of U.S. Latino/a writers in English are analyzed. Students will read, discuss, and write about fiction, nonfiction, poetry and drama by writers such as Julia Alvarez, Rudolfo Anaya, Gloria Anzaldua, Roberto Fernandez, Tato Laviera, Achy Obejas, Abraham Rodriguez Jr., and Piri Thomas.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 338",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-338",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-338.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001377",
    "code": "LAT 455",
    "title": "Span Comp Pr Interm",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Span Comp Pr Interm",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 455",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-455",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-455.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001378",
    "code": "LAT 456",
    "title": "Span Comp Pr Adv",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Span Comp Pr Adv",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 456",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-456",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-456.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001379",
    "code": "LAT 475",
    "title": "Lat Amer&Carib Soc",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a summer course taught abroad in a Latin American or Caribbean country. It offers the student the opportunity to travel, to share, to live and to study in another country. From a global perspective, this course explores the history and culture of a selected Latin American or Caribbean country by focusing on religion, homeland, art, family, identity, film, economic development, social and political movements and environment as they are presented as major themes of current research and in the tangible appreciation of the student.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 475",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-475",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-475.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001380",
    "code": "LAT 475H",
    "title": "Lat Amer&Carib Soc (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a summer course taught abroad in a Latin American or Caribbean country. It offers the student the opportunity to travel, to share, to live and to study in another country. From a global perspective, this course explores the history and culture of a selected Latin American or Caribbean country by focusing on religion, homeland, art, family, identity, film, economic development, social and political movements and environment as they are presented as major themes of current research and in the tangible appreciation of the student.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 475H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-475h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-475h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001381",
    "code": "LAT 888",
    "title": "LAT Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "LAT Pending Transfer Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 888",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-888",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-888.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001382",
    "code": "LAT 901",
    "title": "PRN Directed Study",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "PRN Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LAT 901",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-901",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/lat-901.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001383",
    "code": "LAT 902",
    "title": "Prn Directed Study",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
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    "id": "bmcc-001384",
    "code": "LAT 903",
    "title": "PRN Directed Study",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "PRN Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001385",
    "code": "LAT 904",
    "title": "LAT Directed Study",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "LAT Directed Study",
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    "code": "LAT 905",
    "title": "Prn Directed Study",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Prn Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001387",
    "code": "LAT 906",
    "title": "Prn Directed Study",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Prn Directed Study",
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    "code": "LAT 907",
    "title": "Prn Directed Study",
    "credits": 7,
    "hours": 7,
    "description": "Prn Directed Study",
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    "code": "LAT 908",
    "title": "Prn Directed Study",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Prn Directed Study",
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    "code": "LAT 909",
    "title": "Prn Directed Study",
    "credits": 9,
    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Prn Directed Study",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001391",
    "code": "LIN 100.6",
    "title": "Lang Culture ESL R/W Prof",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course combines Language and Culture (LIN 100) with the highest level of ESL. This course will introduce the student to the study of Language and Culture. The course will introduce related topics, such as bilingual/bidialectal families and bilingual education, language and gender, literacy in a changing, technological society, child language acquisition, and different dialects and registers of English. The readings will draw on works in linguistics, literature and related fields. Students will work on critical reading and produce writing based on the readings in connections with their own experiences and backgrounds. While studying Linguistics, ESL students will also study advanced level reading and writing to master and apply a full range of college-level reading and writing skills including critical comprehension, flexible rates of reading, essay organization, paragraph development, sentence structure, vocabulary and word choice, content, and study strategies. Students read and respond to a variety of texts and use argumentation, narrative, and description as modes of developing ideas in writing. Students will receive an earned grade in LIN 100.6 that is equivalent to a grade earned in LIN 100. This is an accelerated course that combines credit-bearing and developmental content. Passing LIN 100.6 meets the reading and writing proficiency milestone requirements. Students who pass LIN 100.6 are exempt from further ESL reading and writing courses. LIN 100.6 may not be taken by students who have passed LIN 100 or are exempt from reading and writing.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001392",
    "code": "LIN 101.6",
    "title": "Intro to Linguistics for ESL95",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course combines Introduction to Linguistics (LIN 101) and Intensive Writing (ESL 95). This course will introduce students to linguistics, the scientific study of language. Students will apply methods of scientific inquiry (including the scientific method) to linguistic systems (phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic) and language phenomena and events. Specifically, students will engage in observation of linguistic phenomena, collection of data, generation and testing of hypotheses, analysis of and interpretations of data, application and evaluation of theory, in order to form conclusions about linguistic phenomena. Students will receive an earned grade in LIN 101.6 that is equivalent to a grade earned in LIN 101. This is an accelerated course that combines credit-bearing and developmental content. Passing LIN 101.6 meets the writing proficiency milestone requirement; students who pass LIN 101.6 are exempt from further ESL courses. LIN 101.6 may not be taken by students who have passed LIN 101 or ESL 95 or are exempt from ESL courses.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001393",
    "code": "LIN 150.6",
    "title": "Language, Race, and Ethnicity",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course combines Language, Race, and Ethnicity (LIN 150) and Intensive Writing (ESL 95). This course explores historical, cultural, and theoretical perspectives on the relationship between language, race, and ethnicity in the United States and its territories. It examines how language is understood to reflect, reproduce, and/or challenge and defy racial and ethnic boundaries, and howideas about race and ethnicity influence the ways in which people use and construe language. It covers topics such as racialization and racism, ethnicization, notions of authenticity, repertoire, codeswitching and style shifting, linguistic mocking and linguistic racism, language ideology, and identity formation. This course will examine language varieties such as Black American English and its cross-racial uses by other groups, Chicano English and Spanglish, Asian American English,Hawaiian English, and American Indian English.This is an accelerated course that combines credit-bearing and developmental content. Passing LIN 150.6 meets the writing proficiency milestone requirement; students who pass LIN 150.6 are exempt from further ESL courses. LIN 150.6 may not be taken by students who have passed LIN 150 or ESL 95 or are exempt from writing.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001394",
    "code": "LIN 1",
    "title": "Linguistics Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Linguistics Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-001395",
    "code": "LIN 100",
    "title": "Language And Culture",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce the student to the study of language in multicultural urban settings. The course will introduce related topics, such as bilingual/bidialectal families and bilingual education, language and gender, literacy in a changing, technological society, child language acquisition, and different dialects and registers of English. The readings will draw on works in linguistics, literature and related fields. Students will work on critical reading and produce writing based on the readings in connections with their own experiences and backgrounds.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001396",
    "code": "LIN 100H",
    "title": "Language And Culture (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce the student to the study of language in multicultural urban settings. The course will introduce related topics, such as bilingual/bidialectal families and bilingual education, language and gender, literacy in a changing, technological society, child language acquisition, and different dialects and registers of English. The readings will draw on works in linguistics, literature and related fields. Students will work on critical reading and produce writing based on the readings in connections with their own experiences and backgrounds.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001397",
    "code": "LIN 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Linguistics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to linguistics, the scientific study of language. Students will apply methods of scientific inquiry (including the scientific method) to linguistic systems (phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic) and language phenomena and events. Specifically, students will engage in observation of linguistic phenomena, collection of data, generation and testing of hypotheses, analysis of and interpretations of data, application and evaluation of theory, in order to form conclusions about linguistic phenomena.",
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      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001398",
    "code": "LIN 101H",
    "title": "Intro to Linguistics (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to linguistics, the scientific study of language. Students will apply methods of scientific inquiry (including the scientific method) to linguistic systems (phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic) and language phenomena and events. Specifically, students will engage in observation of linguistic phenomena, collection of data, generation and testing of hypotheses, analysis of and interpretations of data, application and evaluation of theory, in order to form conclusions about linguistic phenomena.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001399",
    "code": "LIN 110",
    "title": "The Structure of English",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide students with an understanding of the grammatical structures of standard American English, allowing them to read, write, and interpret written texts critically and efficiently Through analysis and discovery, students will learn to evaluate the grammaticality of the written work they produce in their academic coursework. In addition, students will explore a variety of writing genres and styles, and learn to manipulate language more effectively, enriching both their production and understanding of written texts.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002480"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001400",
    "code": "LIN 125",
    "title": "Language and Religion",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This 3-credit, 100-level course offers a broad introduction to the complex relationship between language and religion. The course will focus on the intersection of language use and religious beliefs and practice as a lens for better understanding interaction in social context and analyzing the nature of human behavior in society. This course benefits from its interdisciplinary roots in linguistics, sociology, anthropology, education, and religious studies. This course seeks to turn language use and religion, two areas in which students often have a lot of personal experience, into objects of scholarly inquiry. In addition to introducing students to a set of theoretical perspectives through discussion of a wide range of texts and videos, this course will also incorporate discovery-based research projects that promote high-impact and reflective learning, as students learn about the practical, symbolic, and affective power of language in religious communities and practices in New York City.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001401",
    "code": "LIN 130",
    "title": "Phonetics and Phonology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide students with an understanding of the sound system of English, with a focus on Standard American English and non-standard dialects of American English. The course will introduce students to the physical production of sounds as well as the mental perception of sounds and how they pattern in English, allowing students to notice and identify the distinct sounds of English, and to develop an awareness of the rich variation within the language. The course will also introduce students to phonetic transcription, highlighting the contrast between sound and spelling, particularly in English.",
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      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001402",
    "code": "LIN 140",
    "title": "World/Global Englishes",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The survey course will introduce students to varieties of English around the world (e.g., African and Caribbean varieties of English, English based Pidgins and Creoles). Students will be introduced to theories of language variation, examine forces that contribute to variation (e.g., colonization, language contact, and globalization), and describe the impact of English on other languages. Attitudes toward different varieties of English will be explored, with students analyzing how we perceive varieties of English and how these perceptions affect linguistic identities and ideologies. Implications of global variations of English for educational practices and language learning will also be discussed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001403",
    "code": "LIN 150",
    "title": "Language, Race, and Ethnicity",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores historical, cultural, and theoretical perspectives on the relationship between language, race, and ethnicity in the United States and its territories. It examines how language is understood to reflect, reproduce, and/or challenge and defy racial and ethnic boundaries, and how ideas about race and ethnicity influence the ways in which people use and construe language. It covers topics such as racialization and racism, ethnicization, notions of authenticity, repertoire, codeswitching and style shifting, linguistic mocking and linguistic racism, language ideology, and identity formation. This course will examine language varieties such as Black American English and its cross-racial uses by other groups, Chicano English and Spanglish, Hawaiian English, and American Indian English.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001404",
    "code": "LIN 150H",
    "title": "Lan,Rac,and Eth in theUS(Honor",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores historical, cultural, and theoretical perspectives on the relationship between language, race, and ethnicity in the United States and its territories. It examines how language is understood to reflect, reproduce, and/or challenge and defy racial and ethnic boundaries, and how ideas about race and ethnicity influence the ways in which people use and construe language. It covers topics such as racialization and racism, ethnicization, notions of authenticity, repertoire, codeswitching and style shifting, linguistic mocking and linguistic racism, language ideology, and identity formation. This course will examine language varieties such as Black American English and its cross-racial uses by other groups, Chicano English and Spanglish, Hawaiian English, and American Indian English.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001405",
    "code": "LIN 200",
    "title": "Language Acquisition",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The first part of this course introduces students to theories of first language acquisition (e.g., developmental sequence, innateness hypothesis). In the second part of the course, students will become familiar with the theories of second language acquisition and factors such as motivation, age, learning styles that affect language learning. Students will develop an awareness of processes involved in language acquisition, both first and second.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LIN 200",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001406",
    "code": "LIN 201",
    "title": "Lang in the Helping Profession",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will explore how the discourse used in therapeutic and social welfare contexts reveals identities, attitudes, value/belief systems, and emotional states. We will investigate what we can learn about the therapist/social worker -client/patient relationship from the discourse each party uses, and what we can discover about the individuals involved through the language used. We will examine how people use verbal and non-verbal language to convey emotional stances and to make moral judgments, and students will examine how the language we use changes depending on who we are speaking to and what the context is (e.g. therapy, casework, child protection, etc.). Real-world data are presented in class in order for students to apply their learning of each topic to everyday practice, and the class culminates in a discourse-based process recording project, preparing students for the kind of real-world tasks required in the field. While students will focus on using discourse analysis in order to better understand social work practice and therapeutic talk, the subject matter of the course will be of interest, and use, to anyone interested in a detailed knowledge of how language, both verbal and non verbal, is used to convey emotional stances and to make moral judgments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LIN 201",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001407",
    "code": "LIN 210",
    "title": "Foundations of Bilingualism",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This introductory course provides an overview of the psychological, social, and political aspects of bilingualism. Topics covered include definitions of bilingualism, language development in bilingual children, the linguistic behaviors of bilingual speakers, language loss and maintenance, and socio-political issues pertaining to bilingual language policy and planning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002478",
      "bmcc-002480"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001408",
    "code": "LIN 220",
    "title": "Language Teaching Practices",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will provide students with an understanding of the theoretical foundations and principles of language instruction and language learning. Special emphasis will be on studying pedagogical approaches to TESOL that address the learning needs of diverse language learners in multiple settings (e.g. one-on-one or small group tutoring vs. classroom). Topics will include relationships between and identities of practitioners and learners (e.g. racial, ethnic, linguistic, typical and atypical), research-based methodologies, teaching for productive and receptive language skills, and the relationship between curriculum planning, assessment, and feedback.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LIN 220",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001409",
    "code": "LIN 240",
    "title": "Language and Power",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Through this course, students will analyze how power manifests itself through language and how people use language to create, reproduce, or resist/defy power. By studying the relationship between language and capital, language and institutionalized oppression (e.g. racism, ethnocentrism), and language and activism, students will explore the relationship between language, inequity, domination, and resistance. Students will analyze, through applying Critical Discourse Analysis to language events related to politics, policy, media, and institutional interaction, the power and perceived value of certain dialects and languages (e.g., discrimination towards and ideologies about languages/dialects). Students will engage with relevant critical social and linguistic theories relating to power.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001410",
    "code": "LIN 250",
    "title": "Forensic Linguistics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This three credit, 200-level course will explore the complex relationship between language and the law. The course critically considers the role of language and its power in the legal process. Three branches of forensic linguistics (handwriting, phonology, and discourse analysis) will be discussed. We will examine the work of dialectologists, creolists, and graphologists who have used linguistic evidence to interpret evidence (e.g., blackmail and ransom notes), and voice and spectrogram analysis will also be discussed. The course will also examine how linguists are involved in the legal process when they serve as expert witnesses.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001411",
    "code": "LIN 250H",
    "title": "Forensic Linguistics (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This three credit, 200-level course will explore the complex relationship between language and the law. The course critically considers the role of language and its power in the legal process. Three branches of forensic linguistics (handwriting, phonology, and discourse analysis) will be discussed. We will examine the work of dialectologists, creolists, and graphologists who have used linguistic evidence to interpret evidence (e.g., blackmail and ransom notes), and voice and spectrogram analysis will also be discussed. The course will also examine how linguists are involved in the legal process when they serve as expert witnesses.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001412",
    "code": "LIN 300",
    "title": "Language, Gender, & Sexuality",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the study of language events related to gender and sexuality. Practicing framing, speech act analysis, and discourse analysis, students will examine the relationship between cultural values, language, gender, and sexuality. Students will analyze, with examples from global languages, how gender and sexuality affect language use and communities of practice as well as language affects understandings of gender and sexuality.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002455",
      "bmcc-002478"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001413",
    "code": "LIN 888",
    "title": "LIN Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "LIN Pending Transfer Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LIN 888",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001414",
    "code": "LPN 101",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Nursing",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "The fundamentals of nursing for the LPN includes the role of the LPN in health and wellness, an overview of the healthcare delivery system taking and recording vital signs, the nurses role in caring for immobile patient including how to safety mobilize and transfer patients, care of the skin, wound care and prevention of the complications of bedrest An adapted version of the nursing process, is introduced. Other topic subjects include: -Oxygenation, fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, electrolyte replacement, nutrition therapy, urinary and bowel elimination, pre- operative, perioperative and post-operative patient care. How to support the patient through adaptation, for the experience of loss, death and grief. Discussion about the older adult includes sensory functioning, sensory alterations, client safety, and emergency preparedness, rest and sleep, and providing comfort measure to manage pain. Finally, you will explore federal and state statutory issues and legal and ethical nursing care.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LPN 101",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001415",
    "code": "LPN 103",
    "title": "Lab Prac Skills/Inf Cont (P1)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The first of the practical skills courses which prepares the LPN student for client care in clinical practice. With the emphasis on safe client care, this skills course includes effective and ineffective communication techniques with relatives, patients and the multidisciplinary team, adults with special needs and mental health conditions daily hygiene care of an adult patient, assisting with nutrition and hydration, elimination. Basic life support and management of clients in an emergency is included in this skills course. Additionally, the LPN will learn how to monitor and document vital signs, blood sugar and collect urine and stool samples.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LPN 103",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001416",
    "code": "LPN 104",
    "title": "Pharm & Ntrn Lspan w Med Calc",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Pharmacology and Nutrition Across the Lifespan provides the student with an introduction to basic pharmacology with emphasis on the physiological mechanisms in health and disease across the lifespan from baby to older adult. The emphasis is medication classifications, and potential interactions with different food groups. This course will include care of the client as it relates to the medications, medication regimens and nutrition. Topics included are medication classifications and actions, common adverse reactions, contraindications, precautions, and food interactions. How the LPN monitors and manages adverse reactions and educates clients about the use of these drugs under the supervision of the RN is addressed as part of the course.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LPN 104",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001417",
    "code": "LPN 201",
    "title": "Parent-Child Nursing",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course will introduce the practical nurse to the provision of nursing care for families in the childbearing years. The students will learn how to care for antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum women; newborns; pediatric clients; and their families utilizing a holistic healthcare approach and family-centered care. This includes the physical, psychosocial, growth and development and cultural aspects of nursing care. Care of the maternal and newborn client will include supporting the health of the mother, fetus, newborn, and family by promoting good health habits, reducing risk factors and preparing parents for the responsibilities of parenthood. Care of the pediatric client will include developmentally appropriate physical assessment and nursing care of the whole child including the respiratory, cardiovascular, hematological, cerebral, neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, integumentary, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems and disorders. Child abuse recognition and mandated reporting will also be covered.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LPN 201",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001418",
    "code": "LPN 202",
    "title": "Lab Practical Skills (Part 2)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This is the second of the practical skills courses which prepares the LPN student to give client care in clinical practice. With the emphasis on safe client care, this skills course includes communication techniques with babies and children and skills in dealing with women during pregnancy, labor and delivery and postpartum care. Additionally, the LPN will learn how to take and record vital signs in babies and children, take a urinary sample from a baby or child, demonstrate understanding of interactive play in children and how to manage a baby/child emergency. Further skills include how to administer IV medication, medication via an N/G or PEG tube, exhibit safety in blood transfusion administration and demonstrate how to insert a female urinary catheter. Medication administration of opioids is also addressed together with storage and checking of controlled substances.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LPN 202",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001419",
    "code": "LPN 203",
    "title": "Medical-Surgical Nursing",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This unit introduces the students to the care of a client with a disease or disorder requiring medical and/or surgical intervention within an acute care or ambulatory care setting. The content includes the nursing care of patients with selected medical surgical conditions such as neurological conditions, both acute conditions such as head injury and stroke, and clients requiring long term care who have for example - multiple sclerosis, epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. You will be learning about clients with cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal problems and renal conditions commonly seen in long term institutions. Care of the hematological client, clients with reproductive system conditions such as STDs and cancer, and care of the burns patient are just some of the other medical surgical conditions covered within this course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LPN 203",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001420",
    "code": "LPN 204",
    "title": "Lab Practical Skills (Part 3)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The third of the practical skills courses prepares the LPN student to give client centered care in clinical practice. With the emphasis on safe client care, this skills course includes effective and ineffective communication techniques, how to respond appropriately in an emergency or sudden deteriation in a clients condition (basic life support e.g. how to manage a client with epilepsy, cardiac/respiratory arrest, routine suctioning on a stable patient, giving IV medication, setting up running an IV pump, the administration of controlled substances with discussion on safe storage and checking of Controlled substances Additionally, the LPN will promote skin health and apply sterile dressings. Practicum assessments ? BLS, setting up oxygen and suction equipment, hanging a wound dressing, routine airway/tracheostomy suction demonstration. Setting up and running IV medication, complex communication methods such as communicating with relatives, colleagues and diverse client groups in difficult situations.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LPN 204",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001421",
    "code": "LPN 300",
    "title": "Ment Hlth and Therapeutic Comm",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the care of a clients with mental health disorders which require intervention within an acute care or ambulatory care setting. The focus is on the psychosocial needs of clients throughout the life cycle. During this course, the student practical nurse will learn about stress, anxiety, adaptation, coping psychological defense mechanisms and various types of psychiatric/mental health disorders.Focusing on the use of self as a therapeutic agent, students will learn communication techniques, psychopharmcology and other types of intervention to promote and maintain clients' mental health, as well as assist clients who are mentally ill. Experiences will be provided in psychiatric/mental health settings so that they can effectively care for their patients and their unique mental health needs.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LPN 300",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001422",
    "code": "LPN 301",
    "title": "Ger/Rehab & Restorative Care",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will enable you to care for the older adult and address their unique needs for this you require an understanding of the functional performance of older adults to enable you to assist in care activities which focuses on the restoration and/or maintenance of physical function. This course will provide the student practical nurse with the knowledge skills and abilities to perform their role in gerontology, rehabilitation/restorative care of the older adult population in terms of their age specific characteristics and healthcare needs.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LPN 301",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001423",
    "code": "LPN 302",
    "title": "Transition to Practice",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The emphasis in this course is on your transition from Student Nurse to Licensed Practical Nurse. In this course you will examine issues, challenges and current trends in healthcare and how to navigate the clinical setting as a newly qualified Licensed Practical Nurse. This course encourages students to think critically about the nursing profession and career opportunities. You will examine legal and ethical aspects of nursing, cultural and social issues, standards of nursing practice, and inter-professional collaboration, technology in the clinical setting, evidence-based practice and quality improvement.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LPN 302",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001424",
    "code": "LSI 1",
    "title": "Labor Studies Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Labor Studies Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LSI 1",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001425",
    "code": "MAR 1",
    "title": "Marketing Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Marketing Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 1",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001426",
    "code": "MAR 2",
    "title": "Marketing Elect 2",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Marketing Elect 2",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001427",
    "code": "MAR 100",
    "title": "Introduction to Marketing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The marketing system is described, analyzed and evaluated, including methods, policies and institutions involved in the distribution of goods from producer to consumer. Emphasis is placed on the means of improving efficiency and lowering distribution costs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001428",
    "code": "MAR 100H",
    "title": "Intro To Marketing (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The marketing system is described, analyzed and evaluated, including methods, policies and institutions involved in the distribution of goods from producer to consumer. Emphasis is placed on the means of improving efficiency and lowering distribution costs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 100H",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/mar-100h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001429",
    "code": "MAR 200",
    "title": "Prin Of Marketing",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Prin Of Marketing",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 200",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001430",
    "code": "MAR 210",
    "title": "Consumer Motivation & Behavior",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course develops the student's understanding of the relevance of consumer motivation and behavior to modern marketing techniques and strategies. It offers insight and information vital to the consumer-oriented firm. The economic, social, and psychological aspects of consumer behavior are explored.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 210",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001431",
    "code": "MAR 220",
    "title": "Essentials of Advertising",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide an introduction to and an overview of advertising, its use as a management tool and its place in the marketing picture. Included are: the approach to creativity, media mathematics, planning and strategy, campaign concepts, research, and media selection.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 220",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001432",
    "code": "MAR 230",
    "title": "Essentials of Public Relations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The objective of this course is to introduce students to the theory and practice of public relations. Specifically, the students will learn about the shifting relationship between advertising and PR, the roles PR professionals play in organizations and PR firms, market research, strategic planning, dealing with the media and communicating with target audiences, as well as changes under way in the field.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 230",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001433",
    "code": "MAR 300",
    "title": "Sales Principles and Practices",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an overview of the process and management of direct selling. Topics include analyzing a product, evaluating customer needs and buying motives, handling objections, closing sales, and developing the sales-person's personality. Organization and presentation of selling proposals are required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 300",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001434",
    "code": "MAR 310",
    "title": "Retail Org Op & Buy",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Retail Org Op & Buy",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 310",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001435",
    "code": "MAR 320",
    "title": "Retail Organiz, Op & Buying",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the management and operations of retail stores. Current practices in store layout, organization, personnel management, service to customers, expense budgeting and control, receiving, and marketing are analyzed. Methods and techniques employed by buyers in selecting new lines, assortment planning, placing orders, pricing and handling, and other phases of the buying job are investigated.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 320",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001436",
    "code": "MAR 330",
    "title": "Marketing Research & Analytics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The broad objective of this course is to provide a fundamental understanding of marketing research methods employed by well-managed firms. The course focuses on integrating problem formulation, research design, questionnaire construction, sampling, data collection and data analytics to yield the most valuable information. The course also examines the proper use of data analytic tools, with an emphasis on the interpretation and use of results.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 330",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001437",
    "code": "MAR 330H",
    "title": "Marketing Res & Analy (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The broad objective of this course is to provide a fundamental understanding of marketing research methods employed by well-managed firms. The course focuses on integrating problem formulation, research design, questionnaire construction, sampling, data collection and data analytics to yield the most valuable information. The course also examines the proper use of data analytic tools, with an emphasis on the interpretation and use of results.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 330H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001438",
    "code": "MAR 340",
    "title": "Digital Marketing & Analytics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The two major objectives of this course are to (i) introduce students to current marketing and advertising theory and practices on the Internet using a research-based and framework-driven approach; and (ii) to provide students the opportunity to learn to use various digital analytics methods and tools that companies use for successful implementation of their digital marketing strategies.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 340",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001439",
    "code": "MAR 888",
    "title": "MAR Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "MAR Pending Transfer Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 888",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001440",
    "code": "MAR 901",
    "title": "Marketing Directed Study",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Marketing Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 901",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001441",
    "code": "MAR 902",
    "title": "Mar Directed Study",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Mar Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 902",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001442",
    "code": "MAR 903",
    "title": "Mar Directed Study",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Mar Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 903",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001443",
    "code": "MAR 904",
    "title": "Mar Directed Study",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Mar Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 904",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001444",
    "code": "MAR 905",
    "title": "Mar Directed Study",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Mar Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 905",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001445",
    "code": "MAR 906",
    "title": "Mar Directed Study",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Mar Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 906",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001446",
    "code": "MAR 907",
    "title": "Marketing Directed Study",
    "credits": 7,
    "hours": 7,
    "description": "Marketing Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 907",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001447",
    "code": "MAR 908",
    "title": "Mar Directed Study",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Mar Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 908",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001448",
    "code": "MAR 909",
    "title": "Mar Directed Study",
    "credits": 9,
    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Mar Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAR 909",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001449",
    "code": "MAT 104.5",
    "title": "Math for Hlth Sci w/ Elem Alg",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers computations and measurements essential in the health science professional fields with an emphasis on nursing. Topics include systems of measurement and conversions, dosage computations by formula, dimensional analysis, and ratio-proportion methods, reconstitution of powdered medications, oral and parenteral dosage calculations, adult and pediatric dosage calculations based on body weight and body surface area (BSA), intravenous calculations, titration, and pediatric and critical care medication calculations. Supplemental co-requisite topics from elementary algebra and quantitative literacy cover review of real numbers, fractions and decimals, linear models, proportional reasoning, basic linear and literal equations, exponents, radicals, and operations related to health care professions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAT 104.5",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001450",
    "code": "MAT 110.5",
    "title": "Fund Math I w/ Algebra",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "MAT 110.5 is a Fundamentals in Mathematics course with algebra concepts useful in the selected topics. This course includes the study of several mathematical systems after covering the selected algebraic concepts. The role of mathematics in modern culture and the role of postulative thinking in all mathematics are discussed. The course considers topics such as the nature of axiom, truth and validity, the notion of a set, groups, and counting principles",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAT 110.5",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001451",
    "code": "MAT 150.5",
    "title": "Intro Statistics w/ Algebra",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "hours": 0,
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    "code": "MAT 56",
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    "code": "MAT 104",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "MAT 157",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "MAT 204",
    "title": "Math Found For Calc",
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    "code": "MAT 205",
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    "hours": 2,
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    "code": "MAT 206",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course covers basic algebraic and trigonometric skills, algebraic equations, and functions. Topics include: mathematical induction, complex numbers, and the binomial theorem.",
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    "code": "MAT 206H",
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    "description": "This course covers basic algebraic and trigonometric skills, algebraic equations, and functions. Topics include: mathematical induction, complex numbers, and the binomial theorem.",
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    "code": "MAT 302H",
    "title": "Analytic Geom  & Calc II (Hon)",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the concepts of integration. It covers the integration of algebraic and transcendental functions. Topics include the anti-derivative, the definite integral, areas, volumes, applications, the improper integral, infinite sequences and series, Taylor’s Theorem. MAT 302 has a computer laboratory component. Students utilize computer software such as graphing packages, a computer algebra system, and a mathematical word processor to complete laboratory assignments associated with their calculus course.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001532",
    "code": "MAT 303",
    "title": "Anal Geom Cal III",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is the third course of a three-semester integrated study of analytic geometry and the concepts of differential and integral calculus. In this course the student is introduced to multivariable functions, with derivatives and integrals, and their applications. Topics include limits, derivatives (partial and directional), the gradient, double and triple integrals, alternate coordinate systems and derivatives and integrals in those coordinates, vector fields and their operators, the Fundamental Theorem of Line Integrals, Green’s Theorem, and applications. MAT 303 has a computer laboratory component. Students utilize computer software such as graphing packages, a computer algebra system, and a mathematical word processor to complete laboratory assignments associated with their calculus course.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001533",
    "code": "MAT 303H",
    "title": "Anal Geom Cal III (Honors)",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is the third course of a three-semester integrated study of analytic geometry and the concepts of differential and integral calculus. In this course the student is introduced to multivariable functions, with derivatives and integrals, and their applications. Topics include limits, derivatives (partial and directional), the gradient, double and triple integrals, alternate coordinate systems and derivatives and integrals in those coordinates, vector fields and their operators, the Fundamental Theorem of Line Integrals, Green’s Theorem, and applications. MAT 303 has a computer laboratory component. Students utilize computer software such as graphing packages, a computer algebra system, and a mathematical word processor to complete laboratory assignments associated with their calculus course.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001534",
    "code": "MAT 310",
    "title": "Bridge to Advanced Mathematics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to prepare students for an advanced mathematics curriculum by providing a transition from Calculus to abstract mathematics. The course explores the logical and foundational structures of mathematics, with an emphasis on understanding and writing proofs. Topics include logic, methods of proof, mathematical induction, axiomatic approach to group theory, number theory, set theory, relations and functions, Cantor’s theory of countability, and the development of the real number system. Throughout the course, students will be actively engaged in understanding, verifying and writing proofs, and will be introduced to methods of mathematics research.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001535",
    "code": "MAT 315",
    "title": "Linear Algebra",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers matrices, determinants, systems of linear equations, vector spaces, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Boolean algebra, switching circuits, Boolean functions, minimal forms, Karnaugh maps.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001536",
    "code": "MAT 320",
    "title": "Abstract Algebra",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the standard material comprising an introduction to group and ring theory: set theory and mappings; groups, normal subgroups, and quotient groups; Sylow's Theorem; rings, ideals, and quotient rings, Euclidean rings, polynomial rings.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001537",
    "code": "MAT 401",
    "title": "Math Found Bus Anal",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Math Found Bus Anal",
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    "id": "bmcc-001538",
    "code": "MAT 409",
    "title": "Probability&Stats for Data Sci",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course applies concepts of probability and statistics to large data sets using the R programming language for computation and data visualization. Topics include exploratory data analysis (both univariate and multivariate), probability and probability distributions (both discrete and continuous), hypothesis tests and confidence intervals for µ, p, and s, Goodness-of-fit test, ANOVA, linear and logistic regression.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001539",
    "code": "MAT 415",
    "title": "Linear Algebra for Data Sci",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course covers the usual topics of a linear algebra course (e.g., vector spaces, matrices, eigenvectors). The course also covers special topics geared toward data science (e.g., Markov chains, PCA, LDA) as well as programing in Jupyter IDE.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001540",
    "code": "MAT 420",
    "title": "Intro to Machine Learning",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to machine learning principles and techniques. The mathematics and applications of the following topics will be covered: generalization, point estimation, neural networks with an emphasis on the perceptron and generalizations, non-linear separation, dimension reduction and various supervised algorithms such as K-nearest neighbor. Time permitting, topic models and support vector machines will be discussed.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001541",
    "code": "MAT 470",
    "title": "Found Comp Network",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course presents the mathematical concepts underlying computer networks. The course introduces probability and stochastic process, queuing analysis and basic graph theory and relates these topics to various layers of the seven layer Open Systems Interface (OSI) organization model of computer networks. Practical laboratory projects provide concrete illustratration of theoretical concepts.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MAT 470",
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    "id": "bmcc-001542",
    "code": "MAT 501",
    "title": "Ord Diff Equations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a first course in the theoretical and applied aspects of ordinary differential equations. Topics include: first-order equations, exact equations, linear equations, series solutions, Laplace transforms, Fourier series and boundary value problems.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001543",
    "code": "MAT 505",
    "title": "History of Mathematics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course follows the growth of mathematics from its empirical nature in Egypt and Babylonia to its deductive character in ancient Greece wherein the roots of the calculus will be identified. The concept of number and the development of algebra, with Hindu, Arabic and medieval contributions are discussed. The rise of analytic geometry, the calculus, and the function concept are examined. Finally, the trend towards greater rigor and abstraction is considered including formal axiomatic systems and Godel's Incompleteness Theorem.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001544",
    "code": "MAT 601",
    "title": "Advanced Calculus I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "The course presents the logical structure on which the foundations of the calculus have been based: construction of the real number system, mathematical induction, limits and continuity in precise formulation, functions of several variables, point sets in higher dimensions; uniform continuity, and elements of partial differentiation.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001545",
    "code": "MAT 888",
    "title": "MAT Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "MAT Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "id": "bmcc-001546",
    "code": "MAT 901",
    "title": "Mat Directed Study",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Mat Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001547",
    "code": "MAT 902",
    "title": "Mat Directed Study",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Mat Directed Study",
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    "code": "MAT 903",
    "title": "MAT Directed Study",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "MAT Directed Study",
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    "code": "MAT 904",
    "title": "Math Directed Study",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Math Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001550",
    "code": "MAT 905",
    "title": "Mathematics Directed Study",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Mathematics Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001551",
    "code": "MAT 906",
    "title": "Math Directed Study",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Math Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001552",
    "code": "MAT 907",
    "title": "Mat Directed Study",
    "credits": 7,
    "hours": 7,
    "description": "Mat Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001553",
    "code": "MAT 908",
    "title": "Mathematics Directed Study",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Mathematics Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001554",
    "code": "MAT 909",
    "title": "Mat Directed Study",
    "credits": 9,
    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Mat Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001555",
    "code": "MEA 111",
    "title": "Animated Paper",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course we will explore traditional and digital techniques to create animated paper-based projects, including paper mechanisms, AR (Augmented Reality) posters, and collaborative/interactive picture books! We will work iteratively, from brainstorm sessions and sketches, to fully realized prototypes. The course takes place in the BMCC Makerspace which offers a range of digital production tools (i.e: vinyl cutters, laser cutter, 3D printer, laptops, tablets, and imaging software), which we will use to bring students' unique stories and visual approaches to life, while acquiring in-demand computing skills.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001556",
    "code": "MEA 201",
    "title": "Prof Devel & Car Plan in Media",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "In this course students are instructed in industry appropriate methods to creatively plan their careers. Students learn about selfassessment, career exploration, and practical job search skills. In this course, students will identify the techniques used to identify target markets, negotiate with clients, apply sound business management principles, and successfully self-promote. The course includes the following topics: how to identify and classify your career needs, interests, values, and skills; researching occupational and organizational alternatives; job search techniques and resources for employment; resume and cover letter preparation; portfolio presentation; job interviewing and follow-up.",
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      "bmcc-002481"
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    "id": "bmcc-001557",
    "code": "MEA 211",
    "title": "Intro Digital Fabr & Phys Comp",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this hands-on course, students will learn how to create physical interfaces for interacting with technology. Students will be introduced to digital fabrication techniques. They will learn how to program micro-controllers and how to build simple circuits. An emphasis will be placed on building and revising prototypes.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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    "id": "bmcc-001558",
    "code": "MEA 300",
    "title": "Topics in Media Arts and Tech",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "MEA 300 will focus on a specific theme, concept, technology or methodology to be announced in advance. Topics for the following semester will be made available by the Media Arts and Technology Department during registration. Each section of the course will cover in depth a single special topic related to media arts and technology, such as one of the following: User Experience Design, Physical Computing, 3D and Laser Printing, Game Design, Documentary Film Production, Experimental Film, Journalism, Media Production, Project Management, Interactive Media, Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, Television News Production.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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    "id": "bmcc-001559",
    "code": "MEA 371",
    "title": "Media Arts & Tech Internship",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The objective of the internship course is to support qualified MEA students who are prepared to gain work experience in their academic field. Each student–intern is assigned to a faculty-advisor/coordinator with expertise in the student's field at least one semester before starting MEA 371. The coordinator will assist the student in securing an internship placement in a work site related to the student's major, help the student to \"reconstruct\" their present position as an internship, or develop - by special arrangement - an internship with their current employer. Over a semester, the Media Arts and Technology Internship expects approximately 150 work hours from the student, including but not limited to a minimum of 90 hours of work at the internship site. In this course, MEA Students are expected to work with faculty to apply to and secure an internship, complete a showcase quality term project/paper, and be evaluated by their internship work-site supervisor and the assigned faculty advisor/coordinator. Students are expected to arrange their schedules so that they are free mornings or afternoons, Monday-Friday, or two to three full days per week so they are available for the internship site work.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001560",
    "code": "MEA 372",
    "title": "Media Arts & Tech Intern II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The objective of the second internship is to allow the student to put classroom theory in her/his major into practice in order to gain work experience in the event they elect to take a second internship. Each student–intern is assigned to a coordinator who is knowledgeable about the student's field. The coordinator helps the student secure internship placement in a work site related to the student's major, or assists the student to \"reconstruct\" her/his present position as an internship, or develop ¾ by special arrangement ¾ an internship with her/his present employer, and serves as the student's instructor and advisor during the field experience. Over a semester the Media Arts and Technology Internship requires a total of 150 hours, including but not limited to, hours at the internship site. In this course MEA Students are expected to: intern approximately 10 hours a week, complete a term project assigned by the coordinator, and be evaluated by the work site supervisor. Students to be placed are expected to arrange their schedules so that they are free mornings or afternoons, Monday-Friday, or two to three full days per week.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001561",
    "code": "MEA 888",
    "title": "MEA Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "MEA Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "id": "bmcc-001562",
    "code": "MES 1",
    "title": "Media Studies Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Media Studies Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-001563",
    "code": "MES 140",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to the Moving Image gives students an introductory grounding in the history, aesthetics, and critical theory of narrative and non-narrative motion pictures, television, and animation. Students will gain a global perspective of how moving image works evolved from the birth of cinema to the current multiplicity of screens and screen works; special attention will be drawn to the theoretical and practical techniques unique to moving images and the tension between the media's apparent \"realism\" and the manipulations required to achieve it.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001564",
    "code": "MES 141",
    "title": "Intro Moving Image w/Learn Lab",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to the Moving Image gives students an introductory grounding in the history, aesthetics, and critical theory of narrative and non-narrative motion pictures, television, and animation. Students will gain a global perspective of how moving image works evolved from the birth of cinema to the current multiplicity of screens and screen works; special attention will be drawn to the theoretical and practical techniques unique to moving images and the tension between the media's apparent \"realism\" and the manipulations required to achieve it.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001565",
    "code": "MES 152",
    "title": "Intro To Contemporary Media",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to varied applications of contemporary media in business, entertainment, and the public sector. Students study the processes of media production, the systems for media distribution, and the roles of media professionals. The course surveys the history of modern communications and the terminology of the media industry. Students examine the complex connections between technology, content, style, and audience response in the creation of media productions.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001566",
    "code": "MES 153",
    "title": "Script Writing",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on writing treatments and scripts for the screen and video. Students learn the basics of visualizing narratives in 3-act structure; how to identify fiction and non-fiction genres; how to create character and story; how to research and write treatments and outlines; how to write single-column screenplays for narratives and two-column scripts for documentary scripts; and how to give and receive critiques on script work. Throughout, students will develop the basic skills necessary to write and revise scripts for upper-level VAT production classes and beyond.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001567",
    "code": "MES 153H",
    "title": "Script Writing (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on writing treatments and scripts for the screen and video. Students learn the basics of visualizing narratives in 3-act structure; how to identify fiction and non-fiction genres; how to create character and story; how to research and write treatments and outlines; how to write single-column screenplays for narratives and two-column scripts for documentary scripts; and how to give and receive critiques on script work. Throughout, students will develop the basic skills necessary to write and revise scripts for upper-level VAT production classes and beyond.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MES 153H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001568",
    "code": "MES 160",
    "title": "World History of Animation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "World History of Animation introduces students to seminal works of animation across time and cultures. The course discusses the evolution of the art form through the lens of technical innovations, socio-political contexts, and aesthetic movements. Students will study works ranging from large productions to independent and experimental shorts, and the influence of different international productions on one another, including Asian and European works and creators.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MES 160",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001569",
    "code": "MES 163",
    "title": "Animation Screenwriting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Animation Screenwriting for films/series combines three-act structure narrative with creative visual writing. Notable animated films and series episodes with their screenplays and teleplays will be used as case study research. Using this inspiration, students will imaginatively invent their own animated universe and tell a story within it. The course covers a progressive and scaffolded aesthetic, technical and cultural impact approach to writing an animation screenplay with accompanying storyboards and pre-visualization. Students will brainstorm, outline, world-build, design characters, create unique dialogue, plot narrative design and revise multiple screenplay drafts in order to storyboard and record previs. An industry standard 11-page screenplay/teleplay will serve as the Mid-Term Project, and an accompanying storyboard with character design, background design, dialogue/narration and music/sound effects previs will be the Final Exam Project.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MES 163",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001570",
    "code": "MES 251",
    "title": "Television Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will focus on writing television outlines and scripts for network, premium cable outlets, and streaming services. Students will learn the basics of developing concepts, creating character, and breaking story. They will discover how to properly format television scripts and how to research and write television bible documents including outlines, description of the world documents, and episode springboards. This course will allow students to participate in a Writers’ Room environment as they receive instruction on how to give and receive critiques on script work. Ultimately, each student will cultivate the basic skills necessary to write and develop television scripts for upper-level production classes and beyond.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002499"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001571",
    "code": "MES 888",
    "title": "MES Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "MES Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MES 888",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001572",
    "code": "MLA 460",
    "title": "Comp Gram Frgn Stnt",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Comparative Grammar for Foreign Language Students",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MLA 460",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001573",
    "code": "MMA 1",
    "title": "Multimedia Programming Elec",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Multimedia Programming Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMA 1",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001574",
    "code": "MMA 2LV",
    "title": "MMA 200-Level Elective",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "MMA 200-Level Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMA 2LV",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001575",
    "code": "MMA 100",
    "title": "Founds Digital Graph Dsgn",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This image-based course will introduce graphic design as the foundation upon which effective visual communication is built. Investigation of the elements and principles of graphic design will lead to specific design problems and their solution. The development of ideas and the ability to communicate them effectively will be covered. Discussion of both vector and bitmap-based digital graphic platforms will begin progress toward industry-standard computer proficiency.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002464"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMA 100",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001576",
    "code": "MMA 215",
    "title": "Typography and Layout",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will explore type design and its application in visual communication. Students will study the formal qualities of type faces and their historical origin. Students will learn to manipulate type properties to design meaningful and effective graphic communication. The use of industry-standard desktop publishing software will be covered as well and will be applied to a range of typographic solutions.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMA 215",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001577",
    "code": "MMA 215H",
    "title": "Typography and Layout (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will explore type design and its application in visual communication. Students will study the formal qualities of type faces and their historical origin. Students will learn to manipulate type properties to design meaningful and effective graphic communication. The use of industry-standard desktop publishing software will be covered as well and will be applied to a range of typographic solutions.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMA 215H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001578",
    "code": "MMA 225",
    "title": "Digi Imag Grap Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course continues the study of digital imaging as it relates to graphic design. A core philosophy of this class is the introduction of photographic images as a basis for approaching 2D design concepts. During the semester, this class covers digital input, editing, archiving, and begins to study digital output. Artistic, theoretical, and technical aspects of digital imaging will be considered. Conceptual and technical digital shooting assignments will be assigned to expand students' skills and support topics covered in class. Reading and writing will focus on the use of technology in propelling digital imaging and design.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMA 225",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001579",
    "code": "MMA 225H",
    "title": "Digi Imag Grap Design (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course continues the study of digital imaging as it relates to graphic design. A core philosophy of this class is the introduction of photographic images as a basis for approaching 2D design concepts. During the semester, this class covers digital input, editing, archiving, and begins to study digital output. Artistic, theoretical, and technical aspects of digital imaging will be considered. Conceptual and technical digital shooting assignments will be assigned to expand students' skills and support topics covered in class. Reading and writing will focus on the use of technology in propelling digital imaging and design.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMA 225H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001580",
    "code": "MMA 235",
    "title": "Visual Comm Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This class builds upon principles and skills learned in Foundations of Digital Design. Students will apply the principles underlying effective visual communication to increasingly complex design problems. Projects may include poster design, symbols and logos, editorial design, information design, visual identity and branding and other design systems. Critical analysis of design problems and the creative design process will be emphasized. Students will complete reading and writing assignments in addition to problems in visual communications and design.",
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      "bmcc-002481"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001581",
    "code": "MMA 888",
    "title": "MMA Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "MMA Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMA 888",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001582",
    "code": "MMP 1",
    "title": "Multimedia & Programming Elec",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Multimedia & Programming Elective",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001583",
    "code": "MMP 2LV",
    "title": "MMP 200-Level Elective",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "MMP 200-Level Elective",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001584",
    "code": "MMP 100",
    "title": "Introduction to Multimedia",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the fundamentals of multimedia production. In a hands-on class, students will learn the essentials of program design and authoring software in an integrated computer environment. Students will learn how to combine graphics, audio and text to create programs for industrial and educational applications.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002464",
      "bmcc-002481"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001585",
    "code": "MMP 200",
    "title": "Multimedia Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Building on the principles learned in introduction to multimedia, students will learn to manipulate graphics and text in more sophisticated ways for use in print layout as well as multimedia. An emphasis will be placed on design concepts for the creation of pages.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 200",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001586",
    "code": "MMP 202",
    "title": "Intro User Experience Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course students will study the processes and tools used to create meaningful and enjoyable human interactions with digital products. Working individually and in groups, students will explore solutions to user experience problems, focusing on understanding users? needs and mindsets. Employing a variety of methods of user research, design and usability testing, students will practice the UX design cycle and will present their insights in class presentations and portfolio posts.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 202",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001587",
    "code": "MMP 210",
    "title": "Multimedia Programming I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the basic concepts of programming for multimedia. Students will learn the principles of object-oriented programming and how to create scripts for the manipulation of graphics, audio and text to construct a web-based multimedia presentation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 210",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001588",
    "code": "MMP 220",
    "title": "Programming for Multimedia",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course introduces the basic concepts of programming for multimedia. Students will learn the principles of object oriented programming and how to create scripts for the manipulation of video, graphics, and text to construct a complete multimedia presentation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 220",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001589",
    "code": "MMP 230",
    "title": "Interact Des with Multi Pgmng",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Students will learn to design interfaces and manipulate graphics, text, video and other multimedia elements through a scripting language such as flash actionscript. An emphasis will be placed on planning projects and using programming concepts for the development of games, e-commerce and dynamic multimedia applications.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 230",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001590",
    "code": "MMP 240",
    "title": "Web Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce student to the process and techniques of web design. Effective website desing and site architecture will be explored through class assignments and critique of existing websites. Hands-on-experience designing web pages while using web authoring software and coding HTML manually will be emphasized. Graphic, audio, and animation applications, which allow for image and sound development, will be introduced.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 240",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001591",
    "code": "MMP 250",
    "title": "Digital Film Fundamentals",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a comprehensive, workshop-style survey that explores the fundamental concepts and skills required to produce nonfiction digital video pieces. Taught from the ground up, this class will explore planning and pre-production, pitching the concept, basic camera usage, sound recording, interview techniques and non-linear editing strategies. There will be an emphasis on group dynamics, accurate documentation, and rotating crew positions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001592",
    "code": "MMP 270",
    "title": "Intro to Video Game Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces game design principles and video game production practices. Game history, theory and design principles will be covered through lecture, discussion and readings. Readings in the form of texts, videos and games will be assigned for written analysis and discussion. The course will review game production historically and current practices for game development including software, environments and production process. Students will learn topics such as character design, setting and level design, interaction programming, sound design, user testing design and analysis, presenting ideas, giving and interpreting critique and feedback. Production assignments include asset creation of graphics, animation and sound, programming game interactions, creating user testing forms and concept presentations. Students will work individually and/or in groups to develop and complete a video game throughout the semester. Game production environments such as Web/JavaScript, Unity, Unreal Engine, Game Maker, Godot Engine or others could be used. Asset creation will be done with software such as Photoshop, Illustrator, Animate, Piskel, cfxr, Audacity, Audio Tool and others.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 270",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001593",
    "code": "MMP 271",
    "title": "3D Game Development",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to design and production practices used in the development of games and other interactive experiences using 3D graphics. The course will cover the fundamentals of 3D asset management, scene design, scripting, interactivity, sound design and other topics related to 3D design. The class will introduce students to production using a game engine such as Godot Engine, Unity or Unreal Engine. Students will learn the process of publishing games or 3D scenes as video games and other platforms which may include augmented reality, virtual reality or other 3D platforms. These topics will build on practices introduced in MMP 100 and other multimedia courses. The class assignments and evaluations are project based and students will produce at least three 3D scenes for one or more platforms and create documentation of the production process and finished scenes for use in a portfolio.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 271",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001594",
    "code": "MMP 280",
    "title": "Type in Motion",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will cover the fundamentals of animated type. It will adapt and expand traditional typographic principles for dynamic and interactive media. Students will explore typographic elements in space and time with the objective of creating meaningful and expressive animation. Computer animation techniques will be introduced and demonstrated in class. Potential applications include websites, online advertisements, movie titles and broadcast design.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 280",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001595",
    "code": "MMP 301",
    "title": "Introduction to Video Graphics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers an introduction to designing two-dimensional computer generated video graphics. Students create graphics to television productions, such as opening titles for programs to be used in live studio situations and for integration in post-production editing. Students are introduced to motion graphics in 2D and 2+D digital graphic applications.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 301",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001596",
    "code": "MMP 310",
    "title": "Multimedia Programming II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course builds on the programming, media manipulation and presentation skills developed in MMP 210 - Multimedia Programming I. Students will learn the multimedia application design process, from planning through production. Using media creation and programming software tools, students will build user-friendly web and multimedia applications.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 310",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001597",
    "code": "MMP 320",
    "title": "Multimedia Networks",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course will introduce the fundamentals of computer communications and its effects on multimedia applications, the OSI reference model, communication protocols, transmission media will be discussed and their impact on the performance of multimedia applications will be examined. Different network design strategies and their tradeoffs will be addressed to enhance students' understanding of computer networks for multimedia.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 320",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001598",
    "code": "MMP 340",
    "title": "Cont.Develfortheweb",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course teaches principles and practices of writing and editing for the web. It covers issues such as writing for an online audience, structuring content across web pages and integrating text with other media elements. Emphasis is given to writing strategies that exploit the interactive capabilities of the web.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001599",
    "code": "MMP 350",
    "title": "Advanced Web Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course gives the students the tools to build standards compliant, accessible, dynamic websites. Students will incorporate client-side and server-side scripting with advanced CSS to create intuitive and interactive web interfaces. The learning will take place in the context of a content management system. Contemporary web development processes and platforms will be explored. A foundational knowledge of programming concepts, HTML, CSS and design for the web is required for this course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 350",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001600",
    "code": "MMP 401",
    "title": "Introduction to 3D Animations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will learn to construct 3D motion graphics for video, film, game, mutlimedia, and internet applications. Students will use advanced CGI program to make original animations in a three-coordinate space. Students will learn to model three-dimensional space. Students will learn to model three-dimensional objects and to choreograph scenes, controlling character movement, lighting, sound and camera directions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 401",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001601",
    "code": "MMP 420",
    "title": "Dist. Multmedia App",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course will introduce the concept of designing and constructing a distributed multimedia presentation. It will cover issues of synchronization between applications, partitioning of relevant applications and interaction management for multimedia applications distributed over a network. The students will be expected to design and implement a simple distributed multimedia application.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 420",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001602",
    "code": "MMP 460",
    "title": "Multimedia Project Lab",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Students will work collaboratively to plan, design and create a complete project to be stored on a CD ROM. Projects may be drawn from such applications as: information kiosks; computer-assisted instruction; and creation of world wide web sites.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MMP 460",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001603",
    "code": "MU 130",
    "title": "Art III: Materials & Technique",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Art III: Introduction to Materials and Techniques",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MU 130",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001604",
    "code": "MUS 1",
    "title": "Music Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Music Elective",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001605",
    "code": "MUS 2",
    "title": "Music Requirement",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Music Requirement",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001606",
    "code": "MUS 102",
    "title": "Music Survey",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introductory course in which musical elements, structures, and styles are studied through listening. Listening skills will be emphasized through consideration of diverse musical works. A wide variety of types and forms of music will be explored.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002482"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 102",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001607",
    "code": "MUS 102H",
    "title": "Understanding Music (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A listening approach for the understanding of Western music. Students will explore musical examples across various genres with particular attention paid to styles, form, and compositional techniques as related to music history. Credit can be granted for MUS 102 or MUS 103 but not both.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 102H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001608",
    "code": "MUS 103",
    "title": "Music and Western Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "MUS103 is an introduction to the music of European tradition and its relation to and influence on contemporary culture through a variety of listening experiences. The course will emphasize the place of music in society as well as influences by and on other cultures. Selected musical works, most dating from the 16th century through the present, are the subject of exploration. Credit will be granted for MUS102 or MUS103 but not both.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002464",
      "bmcc-002480",
      "bmcc-002482"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001609",
    "code": "MUS 104",
    "title": "The World of Jazz",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This introductory survey explores the musical and social histories of jazz from its American origins to its global present. Its focus encompasses jazz's development in the United States, its impact around the world, and the contributions of musicians who have shaped its creative and cultural significance. Requiring no prior knowledge of music, students will develop the analytical listening skills required to identify both the music's defining stylistic features and its leading figures. In addition to the music itself this course will examine the meanings jazz has acquired in its diverse geographical, social and historical contexts. Credit will be granted for MUS109 or MUS104 but not both.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002482"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 104",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001610",
    "code": "MUS 105",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to music notation and the elements of music, such as scales, keys, intervals, rhythms, and chords - commonly used across many genres of music. Students will practice notating music, basic aural and keyboard skills as a preparation for further studies in music.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "bmcc-002482"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 105",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001611",
    "code": "MUS 106",
    "title": "Worldbeat Global Mu",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The course is designed to encourage critical listening by bringing the student into direct contact with music of Western and non-Western cultures. It stresses the elements of music, rhythm, melody, harmony, texture, tone, color, by studying and analyzing their juxtapositions, and their total effect on musical forms and styles of the world. Musical illustrations are analyzed not only in musical terms but in relation to important historical, geographical, and ethnological factors.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002464"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 106",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001612",
    "code": "MUS 107",
    "title": "Introduction of World Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This introductory survey course explores the world's music cultures with emphases on traditional and popular music styles. Ranging from local ritual musical practices to global commercial hip hop, this course considers the world's music in relation to broad historical, cultural, and social contexts. Requiring no prior knowledge of music, students will become familiar with basic principles of musical organization as well as the culturally specific ways in which people engage them. Through guided listening, assigned readings, critical writings, and focused discussion this course will cultivate an understanding of and appreciation for the world's musical and cultural diversity by examining the important link between music and the society that produces it.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002482"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 107",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001613",
    "code": "MUS 108",
    "title": "Afro-American Music",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course covers the history of Black music in the United States from slavery to present, including a thorough investigation of African backgrounds of the music of slavery, the blues, jazz, gospel, rhythm and blues, as well as Black music in Western art forms. Extensive listening and attendance at live musical performances are required.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002464"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001614",
    "code": "MUS 109",
    "title": "Bebop to Hip-Hop",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "MUS109 explores the music of Bebop and Hip-Hop, their social relevance, global influence and popularity, along with societal interpretation and criticism. From Louis Armstrong, Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker to Mos Def, Tupac and Jay-Z and beyond, MUS109 demonstrates that while each of these genres of music is distinct, possessing its own conventions, performance practices, and formal qualities, they are also grounded in similar techniques and conceptual frameworks identified with African American musical traditions. Credit will be granted for only MUS109, or 122, or MUS104.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 109",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001615",
    "code": "MUS 110",
    "title": "Music I: Introduction to Music",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The ability to listen to music intelligently and to recognize specific styles, forms and idioms are developed in this course. Consideration is given to musical aspects of the historical eras from the early Christian period to the present. Students are required to attend concerts and do assigned reading and listening.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002464"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001616",
    "code": "MUS 111",
    "title": "Music Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Music Literature",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 111",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001617",
    "code": "MUS 112",
    "title": "Music Theory I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to essentials in four voice part-writing, voice leading, composing a soprano line to a given bass, and harmonizing a given soprano in 17th and 18th century chorale style. There will be some analysis of Bach chorales.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 112",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001618",
    "code": "MUS 113",
    "title": "Musicianship I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Sight singing, ear training, rhythmic reading, and dictation are coordinated with MUS 112 and MUS 212.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 113",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001619",
    "code": "MUS 114",
    "title": "Music Business",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "MUS114 is an introduction to the modem-day music industry. The course explores aspects of the music business including: branding, marketing and publicity, social networks, music licensing, publishing, copyright, royalties, and performing rights associations, philanthropic organizations and grant writing, electronic press kit creation, crowd funding, the online subscription models, music in film, TV and games, and job searching strategies, all as it relates to current industry trends.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 114",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001620",
    "code": "MUS 115",
    "title": "Music and Physical Movement",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to introduce students to the relationships between music and physical movement, with special emphasis being placed on rhythm as it relates to music and movement in dance. In addition, the study of rhythmic notation, musical forms, and the preparation of original rhythmic scores are included.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 115",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001621",
    "code": "MUS 116",
    "title": "Music and Movement in Learning",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a hands-on approach to incorporating music and movement into the classroom. The course provides an overview of current and traditional music methodologies, philosophies, and techniques for early childhood and K-12 education. The class will study vocal, instrumental, and movement based methods such as Dalcroze, Kodaly, Orff, Suzuki, and Techology-Based Music Instruction in the classroom. The course will emphasize a basic understanding of musical principles, as well as how to write and implement music and movement lesson plans that meet national and New York state educational guidelines.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002482"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 116",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001622",
    "code": "MUS 117",
    "title": "Music Theory I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is the first level of music theory courses that focuses on the analysis of fundamental musical materials and stylistic comprehension of music, primarily of the 18th century.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002482"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 117",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001623",
    "code": "MUS 118",
    "title": "Aural Skills I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is the first level of aural skills. Students will develop skills in sight-singing as well as rhythmic, harmonic, and melodic dictation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002482"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 118",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001624",
    "code": "MUS 119",
    "title": "Keyboard Workshop I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the first level of keyboard workshop. Students will develop piano keyboard skills through technical exercises, harmonization exercises, scales and arpeggios, harmonic progressions, sight-reading, transposition, improvisation, score-reading, accompanying, and keyboard ensemble work.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 119",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001625",
    "code": "MUS 120",
    "title": "Woodwind Class",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is open to all students and designed to teach beginning students how to play a woodwind instrument. Instruction is given for flutes, clarinets, saxophones, and other instruments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 120",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001626",
    "code": "MUS 121",
    "title": "Methods: Woodwinds",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course introduces music students to the basic principles of playing woodwind instruments and prepares prospective teachers to work with beginning woodwind players. Students will develop beginning level performance proficiency and acquire pedagogical understanding of advanced techniques. Attention is given to methods of group instruction used in K-12.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 121",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001627",
    "code": "MUS 122",
    "title": "The World of Hip-Hop",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "MUS122 traces the creation and evolution of Hip-Hop Culture from the 1970s to the present. The transition of rap music from counter-culture, to sub-culture, to mainstream culture will be explored. Hip-Hop cultural elements including, but not limited to, graffiti, breakdancing (rockin’ and pop-lockin’), fashion, sexism/misogyny, racism, immigration, poverty, politics, urban planning, media, gender, and American foreign relations will inform the exploration of the world of Hip-Hop. Credit will be granted for MUS109 or MUS122 but not both.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 122",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001628",
    "code": "MUS 123",
    "title": "Basics of Digital Music Prod I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is the first level of a two-semester sequence of Digital Music Production. This course will introduce students to the basic concepts of music production and skills needed in a home studio environment. Students will learn how to set up a basic home recording studio, utilizing Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs), program beats, and create original projects with software synthesizers through MIDI. Additionally, students will be introduced to basic audio recording techniques utilizing microphones to record vocals and instruments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002481",
      "bmcc-002482"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 123",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/mus-123.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001629",
    "code": "MUS 124",
    "title": "Music Notation Software",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course will introduce the basics of using computer software for music notation, including note and symbol input with computer keyboard and MIDI controller. Students will create original compositions as their final project.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002482"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 124",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001630",
    "code": "MUS 125",
    "title": "Strings",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is open to all students and introduces beginning level proficiency on the violin, viola, cello or double bass. Students will develop basic note reading skills and will perform basic tunes and exercises to demonstrate tone production and intonation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 125",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001631",
    "code": "MUS 126",
    "title": "Method:Upp String Violin/Viola",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course introduces music students to the basic principles of violin and viola playing and prepares prospective teachers to work withbeginning string players. Students will develop beginning level performance proficiency, and acquire pedagogical understanding ofadvanced techniques. Attention is given to methods of group instruction used in K-12.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 126",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001632",
    "code": "MUS 127",
    "title": "Method:Low String Cello/StrBas",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course introduces music students to the basic principles of cello and string bass playing and prepares prospective teachers to work with beginning string players. Students will develop beginning level performance proficiency, and acquire pedagogical understanding of advanced techniques. Attention is given to methods of group instruction used in K-12.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 127",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/mus-127.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001633",
    "code": "MUS 128",
    "title": "The Music of Latin America",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "MUS128 explores the historical, cultural, and social dimensions of Latin American popular musical cultures, helping students to understand the connections between indigenous peoples, colonization, racial hybridity, African diaspora and musical characteristics. Students will learn to identify common cultural, historical and musical traits, which will allow for a deeper understanding of different Latin musical genres, including, but not limited to Bachata, Bomba, Dembow, Reggaeton, Trap, Son, Salsa, Danzón, Cha-cha-cha, Guaracha, Son Jarocho, Ranchera, Huapango, Merengue, Cumbia, Danzón, Lando, Festejo, Cueca, Samba, Bossa Nova, Baião, Maracatu, Chacarera, & Milonga, along with rhythmic patterns, melodic characteristics, and the culture surrounding each genre (function, ethnic groups, religious elements, & dance).",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 128",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/mus-128.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001634",
    "code": "MUS 129",
    "title": "Women in Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "MUS129 is an exploration of the different roles of women have played in the creation and dissemination of music both in the present and the past. The course will focus on their influence by and on the traditions and cultures, among others, of Europe, the Americas, Africa, the Middle East and East Asia.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 129",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001635",
    "code": "MUS 130",
    "title": "Brasswind Class",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is open to all students and designed to teach beginning students how to play a brass instrument. The class introduces basic brass technique, reading notation and transposition, and simple repertoire. The first half of the class will focus on trumpet; horn and low brass will be introduced in the second half.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 130",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001636",
    "code": "MUS 131",
    "title": "Methods: Brass",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course introduces music students to the basic principles of playing brass instruments and prepares prospective teachers to work with beginning brass players. Students will develop beginning level performance proficiency and acquire pedagogical understanding of advanced techniques. Attention is given to methods of group instruction used in K-12.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 131",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/mus-131.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-001637",
    "code": "MUS 132",
    "title": "The Music of Brazil",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "MUS132 explores the historical, cultural, and social dimensions of Brazilian music from pre-colonial times to the 21st century. By tracing historical and musical parallels with Cuba, Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Colombia & the Dominican Republic, this course offers a broader view on culture and society in Latin America. Utilizing scholarship from Brazilian musicologists, music, race, religion, cultural appropriation, globalization, African diaspora, exoticism, and biased historiography will be examined. Students will learn to identify Brazilian genres such as Choro, Lundu, Modinha, Samba, Samba Canção, Bossa Nova, MPB, Tropicália, Maracatu, Frevo and Ijexá, along with rhythmic patterns, melodic characteristics, and the culture surrounding each genre (function, ethnic groups, religious elements, & dance).",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 132",
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    "id": "bmcc-001638",
    "code": "MUS 135",
    "title": "Percussion",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is open to all students and designed to acquaint beginning students with the world of percussion. Students will gain basic music reading skills as well as basic percussion techniques on a variety of percussion instruments.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001639",
    "code": "MUS 136",
    "title": "Methods: Percussion",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course introduces music students to the basic principles of playing percussion instruments and prepares prospective teachers to work with beginning percussionists. Students will develop beginning level performance proficiency and acquire pedagogical understanding of advanced techniques. Attention is given to methods of group instruction used in K-12.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001640",
    "code": "MUS 137",
    "title": "Jazz & Popular Music Theory I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The first level of jazz and popular music. MUS 137 introduces the harmonic and voice-leading syntax of Western popular music. Although emphasis is given to North American and European popular music genres from the 1950s to the present, a wide variety of global practices will be considered, as well as the application of theoretical knowledge to composing and analysis.",
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      "bmcc-002482"
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    "code": "MUS 138",
    "title": "Jazz & Popular Music Aural I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The first level of jazz and popular music aural skills, MUS138 introduces the syntax of Western popular music through rhythm, singing, sight-singing, and dictation exercises. Although emphasis is given to North American and European popular music genres from the 1950s to the present, a wide variety of global practices will be considered, as well as the application of theoretical knowledge to practical musicianship skills.",
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    "code": "MUS 140",
    "title": "Piano Class I",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Designed for study of the piano as secondary instrument, the course includes acquaintance with the keyboard, scales, chords, sight reading, transposition and elementary piano repertoire.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001643",
    "code": "MUS 150",
    "title": "Piano Class II",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Designed for study of the piano as secondary instrument, the course includes acquaintance with the keyboard, scales, chords, sight reading, transposition and elementary piano repertoire.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001644",
    "code": "MUS 160",
    "title": "Voice Class I",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is open to all students and the first level of a two-semester sequence in solo singing. Students will learn basic principles of voice production including breathing and singing diction. Elementary songs, poise, posture, and stage presence are addressed.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001645",
    "code": "MUS 161",
    "title": "Methods: Voice",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course introduces music students to the basic principles of singing and prepares prospective teachers to work with beginning singers. Students will develop beginning level performance proficiency and acquire pedagogical understanding of advanced techniques. Attention is given to methods of group instruction used in K-12.",
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    "code": "MUS 165",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is open to all students and the first level of a four-semester sequence in choral singing. Students will learn, rehearse, and performstandard choral literature. Diverse works are explored, from the great works of the past to the present day. Students are required to participate inall performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester.",
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    "code": "MUS 166",
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    "description": "This course is open to all students and the second level of a four-semester sequence in choral singing. Students will learn, rehearse, and perform standard choral literature. Diverse works are explored, from the great works of the past to the present day. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester.",
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    "code": "MUS 167",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is open to all students and the third level of a four-semester sequence in choral singing. Students will learn, rehearse, and perform standard choral literature. Diverse works are explored, from the great works of the past to the present day. Students are required to participate inall performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester. Students at this level will be expected to take leadership responsibilities in the ensemble.",
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    "code": "MUS 168",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is open to all students and the fourth level of a four-semester sequence in choral singing. Students will learn, rehearse, and perform standard choral literature. Diverse works are explored, from the great works of the past to the present day. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester. Students at this level will be expected to take leadership responsibilities in the ensemble.",
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    "code": "MUS 170",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is open to all students and the second level of a two-semester sequence in solo singing. Students will learn basic principles of voice production including breathing and singing diction. Elementary songs, poise, posture, and stage presence are addressed.",
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    "code": "MUS 180",
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    "description": "This course is open to all students and the first level of a two-semester sequence in guitar playing. Students will learn guitar repertoire in a variety of styles, including modern chordal accompaniments for simple popular, rock and jazz songs. Fundamentals such as tuning the instrument, open position chords, technique (finger style and plectrum), theory and notation (music notation and tabulature), alternate tunings, and basic aural recognition (scales and chords) will also be covered.",
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    "code": "MUS 181",
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    "description": "This course introduces music students to the basic principles of guitar playing, and prepares prospective teachers to work with beginning guitar players. Students will develop beginning level performance proficiency, and acquire pedagogical understanding of advanced techniques. Attention is given to methods of group instruction used in K-12.",
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    "code": "MUS 190",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is open to all students and the second level of a two-semester sequence in guitar playing. Students will learn guitar repertoire in a variety of styles, including modern chordal accompaniments for simple popular, rock and jazz songs. Fundamentals such as tuning the instrument, open position chords, technique (finger style and plectrum), theory and notation (music notation and tabulature), alternate tunings, and basic aural recognition (scales and chords) will also be covered.",
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    "code": "MUS 201",
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    "code": "MUS 202",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Jazz Theory II",
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    "code": "MUS 203",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "MUS 204",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "MUS 207",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The study 16th Century Style Species Counterpoint. This is a class in strict composition based on the theoretical work of Johann Joseph Fux. Elements of 16th Century counterpoint and its counterpart in 18th century music theory will be introduced through composition and analysis. Particular attention will be given to the works of Palestrina, Lassus, and Victoria as models of composition.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001659",
    "code": "MUS 210",
    "title": "20 Cent Music",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "20 Cent Music",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 210",
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    "id": "bmcc-001660",
    "code": "MUS 212",
    "title": "Music Theory II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This is a course in part-writing, using triads and diatonic seventh chords, with inversions and non-harmonic tones. The course includes study of short musical forms, analysis and composition of short examples.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 212",
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    "id": "bmcc-001661",
    "code": "MUS 213",
    "title": "Musicianship II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Sight singing, ear training, rhythmic reading, and dictation are coordinated with MUS 112 and MUS 212.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001662",
    "code": "MUS 217",
    "title": "Music Theory II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is the second level of music theory courses that focuses on the analysis of fundamental musical materials and stylistic comprehension of music, primarily of the 18th century.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001663",
    "code": "MUS 218",
    "title": "Aural Skills II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is the second level of aural skills. Students will develop skills in sight-singing as well as rhythmic, harmonic, and melodic dictation.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001664",
    "code": "MUS 219",
    "title": "Keyboard Workshop II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the second level of keyboard workshop. Students will develop piano keyboard skills through technical exercises, harmonization exercises, scales and arpeggios, harmonic progressions, sight-reading, transposition, improvisation, score-reading, accompanying, and keyboard ensemble work.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001665",
    "code": "MUS 222",
    "title": "Musical Theatre:Act Song Lev I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is the first level of a two-semester sequence in musical theatre singing performance skills. Students will be introduced to acting through song, correct vocal techniques and sound production. The interpretation of lyrics as well as the understanding of character, time period and musical style will be emphasized.",
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    "program_ids": [
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    "id": "bmcc-001666",
    "code": "MUS 223",
    "title": "Basics of Digi Music Prod II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is the second level of a two-semester sequence of Digital Music Production. This course will introduce students to the basic concepts of music production with a focus on audio recording and editing, digital sampling, loop/sample-based music creation, and the use of audio effects.Utilizing Digital Audio Workstations (DAWs), students will create songs in different genres of popular music using virtual instruments, loops/samples, and self-recorded audio tracks.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001667",
    "code": "MUS 225",
    "title": "Introduction to Digital Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to the basics of using a computer for music: musical notation technology, MIDI technology, digital audio technology and recording studio techniques.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 225",
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    "id": "bmcc-001668",
    "code": "MUS 230",
    "title": "African-American Music",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course covers the history of Black music in the United States from slavery to present, including a thorough investigation of African backgrounds of the music of slavery, the blues, jazz, gospel, rhythm and blues, as well as Black music in Western art forms. Extensive listening and attendance at live musical performances are required.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001669",
    "code": "MUS 234",
    "title": "Music Notation Software",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course will introduce the basics of using computer software for music notation, including note and symbol input with computer keyboard and MIDI controller. Students will create original compositions as their final project.",
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    "code": "MUS 235",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to the basics of recording and editing with computer software and to software plugins and synthesizers. Students will record performances, learn to edit and enhance recorded sounds, create new sounds, and create soundscapes.",
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    "code": "MUS 237",
    "title": "Jazz & Popular Music Theory II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The second level of jazz and popular music theory, MUS237 continues the harmonic and voice-leading syntax of Western popular music. Although emphasis is given to North American and European popular music genres from the 1950s to the present, a wide variety of global practices will be considered, as well as the application of theoretical knowledge to composing and analysis.",
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    "code": "MUS 238",
    "title": "Jazz & Popular Music Aural II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The second level of jazz and popular music aural skills, MUS238 continues the exploration of Western popular music through rhythm, singing, sight-singing, and dictation exercises. Although emphasis is given to North American and European popular music genres from the 1950s to the present, a wide variety of global practices will be considered, as well as the application of theoretical knowledge to practical musicianship skills.",
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    "code": "MUS 240",
    "title": "Piano Class III",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Continuation of MUS 140 and MUS 150.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001674",
    "code": "MUS 250",
    "title": "Piano Class IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Continuation of MUS 140 and MUS 150.",
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    "code": "MUS 265",
    "title": "Concert Choir I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the first level of a four-semester sequence in choral performance skills. Students will study and perform repertoire from the Renaissance to the present day. Accompanied and a cappella compositions will be studied with an emphasis on proper blend, vowel placement, clear diction and adherence to healthy vocal habits. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester.",
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      "bmcc-002482"
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    "code": "MUS 266",
    "title": "Concert Choir II",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the second level of a four-semester sequence in choral performance skills. Students will study and perform repertoire from the Renaissance to the present day. Accompanied and a cappella compositions will be studied with an emphasis on proper blend, vowel placement, clear diction and adherence to healthy vocal habits. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 266",
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    "id": "bmcc-001677",
    "code": "MUS 267",
    "title": "Concert Choir III",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the third level of a four-semester sequence in choral performance skills. Students will study and perform repertoire from the Renaissance to the present day. Accompanied and a cappella compositions will be studied with an emphasis on proper blend, vowel placement, clear diction and adherence to healthy vocal habits. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester. Students at this level will be expected to take leadership responsibilities in the ensemble.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001678",
    "code": "MUS 268",
    "title": "Concert Choir IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the fourth level of a four-semester sequence in choral performance skills. Students will study and perform repertoire from the Renaissance to the present day. Accompanied and a cappella compositions will be studied with an emphasis on proper blend, vowel placement, clear diction and adherence to healthy vocal habits. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester. Students at this level will be expected to take leadership responsibilities in the ensemble.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001679",
    "code": "MUS 301",
    "title": "Jazz Performance Workshop I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the first level of a four-semester sequence in jazz performance skills. Students will focus on the study of improvisational concepts, chord progressions, interpretation, conception, phrasing, harmonic awareness, dynamic sensitivity, rhythmic and melodic development, and phrase construction. Students are required to participate in performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002482"
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    "id": "bmcc-001680",
    "code": "MUS 302",
    "title": "Jazz Performance Workshop II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the second level of a four-semester sequence in jazz performance skills. Students will focus on the study of improvisational concepts, chord progressions, interpretation, conception, phrasing, harmonic awareness, dynamic sensitivity, rhythmic and melodic development, and phrase construction. Students are required to participate in performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001681",
    "code": "MUS 303",
    "title": "Jazz Performance Workshop III",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the third level of a four-semester sequence in jazz performance skills. Students will focus on the study of improvisational concepts, chord progressions, interpretation, conception, phrasing, harmonic awareness, dynamic sensitivity, rhythmic and melodic development, and phrase construction. Students are required to participate in performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester. Students at this level will be expected to take leadership responsibilities in the ensemble.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 303",
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    "id": "bmcc-001682",
    "code": "MUS 304",
    "title": "Jazz Performance Workshop IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the fourth level of a four-semester sequence in jazz performance skills. Students will focus on the study of improvisational concepts, chord progressions, interpretation, conception, phrasing, harmonic awareness, dynamic sensitivity, rhythmic and melodic development, and phrase construction. Students are required to participate in performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester. Students at this level will be expected to take leadership responsibilities in the ensemble.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 304",
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    "id": "bmcc-001683",
    "code": "MUS 305",
    "title": "Orchestral Performance I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The course includes the study, preparation, and performance of representative works of the standard, contemporary, and musical theater orchestral literature.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002482"
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    "id": "bmcc-001684",
    "code": "MUS 306",
    "title": "Orchestral Performance II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The course includes the study, preparation, and performance of representative works of the standard, contemporary, and musical theater orchestral literature.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001685",
    "code": "MUS 307",
    "title": "Orchestral Performance III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Continuation of MUS 305 and MUS 306.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001686",
    "code": "MUS 308",
    "title": "Orchestral Performance IV",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Continuation of MUS 305 and MUS 306.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001687",
    "code": "MUS 310",
    "title": "Fund Of Music",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Fund Of Music",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 310",
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    "id": "bmcc-001688",
    "code": "MUS 311",
    "title": "Music Internship",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The Music Internship course will involve the application of theory and competencies developed in academic courses to on-the-job settings. Under supervision of both a job-site monitor and a college faculty advisor, MUS311 students will engage in a defined program at a cooperating company, agency, or institution within the music industry. Students are expected to accrue 15 hours/week or 225 hours/semester at their internship and will be evaluated by their internship supervisor (mid-semester and final). MUS311 students will also complete course assignments, and contribute to discussions in the accompanying asynchronous course hosted by a BMCC faculty member.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001689",
    "code": "MUS 312",
    "title": "Music Theory III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Chromatic harmony, including altered chords, secondary dominant, the dominant ninth and dominant thirteenth, modulation, analysis and short original compositions are studied.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001690",
    "code": "MUS 313",
    "title": "Musicianship III",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Continuation of MUS 113 and MUS 213.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001691",
    "code": "MUS 315",
    "title": "Music Theory I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Music Theory I",
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    "id": "bmcc-001692",
    "code": "MUS 317",
    "title": "Music Theory III",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is the third level of music theory courses that focuses on the analysis of fundamental musical materials and stylistic comprehension of music, primarily of the 18th century.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001693",
    "code": "MUS 318",
    "title": "Aural Skills III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is the third level in aural skills. Students will develop skills in sight-singing as well as rhythmic, harmonic, and melodic dictation.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001694",
    "code": "MUS 319",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the third level of keyboard workshop. Students will develop piano keyboard skills through technical exercises, harmonization exercises, scales and arpeggios, harmonic progressions, sight-reading, transposition, improvisation, score-reading, accompanying, and keyboard ensemble work.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001695",
    "code": "MUS 320",
    "title": "Music Theory II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Music Theory II",
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    "id": "bmcc-001696",
    "code": "MUS 330",
    "title": "Music Theory III",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Music Theory III",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 330",
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    "id": "bmcc-001697",
    "code": "MUS 340",
    "title": "Music Theory IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Music Theory IV",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 340",
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    "id": "bmcc-001698",
    "code": "MUS 351",
    "title": "Arranging I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Beginning with fundamentals and continuing through large ensemble arranging, the course includes composing for various ensemble combinations. Contemporary techniques such as those of Stockhausen, Ornette Coleman, Penderecki, Persichetti, etc., are explored.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 351",
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    "id": "bmcc-001699",
    "code": "MUS 352",
    "title": "Arranging II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Continuation of MUS 351.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 352",
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    "id": "bmcc-001700",
    "code": "MUS 401",
    "title": "Jazz Improvisat I",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Jazz Improvisat I",
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    "code": "MUS 402",
    "title": "Jazz Improvisation II",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Jazz Improvisation II",
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    "id": "bmcc-001702",
    "code": "MUS 412",
    "title": "Music Theory IV",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Chromatic harmony, including altered chords, secondary dominant, the dominant ninth and dominant thirteenth, modulation, analysis and short original compositions are studied.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 412",
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    "id": "bmcc-001703",
    "code": "MUS 413",
    "title": "Musicianship IV",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Continuation of MUS 113 and MUS 213.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001704",
    "code": "MUS 418",
    "title": "Aural Skills IV",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is the fourth level in aural skills. Students will develop skills in sight-singing as well as rhythmic, harmonic, and melodic dictation.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001705",
    "code": "MUS 419",
    "title": "Keyboard Workshop IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the fourth level of keyboard workshop. Students will develop piano keyboard skills through technical exercises, harmonization exercises, scales and arpeggios, harmonic progressions, sight-reading, transposition, improvisation, score-reading, accompanying, and keyboard ensemble work.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 419",
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    "id": "bmcc-001706",
    "code": "MUS 451",
    "title": "Private Instruction I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Private Instruction I",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 451",
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    "id": "bmcc-001707",
    "code": "MUS 452",
    "title": "Private Instruction II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Private Instruction II",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 452",
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    "id": "bmcc-001708",
    "code": "MUS 453",
    "title": "Private Instruction Iii",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Private Instruction Iii",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 453",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/mus-453.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001709",
    "code": "MUS 454",
    "title": "Private Instruction Iv",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Private Instruction Iv",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 454",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/mus-454.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001710",
    "code": "MUS 461",
    "title": "Musicianship I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Musicianship I",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 461",
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    "id": "bmcc-001711",
    "code": "MUS 462",
    "title": "Musicianship Ii",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Musicianship Ii",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 462",
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    "id": "bmcc-001712",
    "code": "MUS 463",
    "title": "Musicianship Iii",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Musicianship Iii",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 463",
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    "id": "bmcc-001713",
    "code": "MUS 464",
    "title": "Musicianship IV",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Musicianship IV",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 464",
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    "id": "bmcc-001714",
    "code": "MUS 501",
    "title": "Wind Ensemble I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the first level of a four-semester sequence in wind ensemble performance skills. Students will focus on the study, preparation, and performance of representative works of the standard and contemporary band and wind ensemble literature. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester.",
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    "program_ids": [
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 501",
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    "id": "bmcc-001715",
    "code": "MUS 502",
    "title": "Wind Ensemble II",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the second level of a four-semester sequence in wind ensemble performance skills. Students will focus on the study, preparation, and performance of representative works of the standard and contemporary band and wind ensemble literature. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 502",
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    "code": "MUS 503",
    "title": "Wind Ensemble III",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the third level of a four-semester sequence in wind ensemble performance skills. Students will focus on the study, preparation, and performance of representative works of the standard and contemporary band and wind ensemble literature. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester. Students at this level will be expected to take leadership responsibilities in the ensemble.",
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    "code": "MUS 504",
    "title": "Wind Ensemble IV",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the fourth level of a four-semester sequence in wind ensemble performance skills. Students will focus on the study, preparation, and performance of representative works of the standard and contemporary band and wind ensemble literature. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester. Students at this level will be expected to take leadership responsibilities in the ensemble.",
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    "code": "MUS 510",
    "title": "Instrumental Ensemble I",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The instrumental ensemble is designed to develop the performance capability and technique of students who play a musical instrument. The repertoire is selected for both personal development and for public performances at college functions and concerts.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 510",
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    "code": "MUS 520",
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    "description": "This course is the first level of a four-semester sequence in brass performance skills. In this course students will study their brass instrument of specialty. Concepts and skills covered include techniques of tone production, technical facility, and a survey of introduction to the solo and ensemble repertoire on the student’s instrument. Juries and recitals of solo performances will be required. All applied studies for music majors include a weekly one-hour individual lesson and two-hour studio lab.",
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    "code": "MUS 668",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "MUS 684",
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    "description": "This course is the first level of a four-semester sequence in percussion performance skills. Students will be assigned technical exercises and works to be performed on a variety of percussion instruments. Juries and recitals of solo performances will be required. All applied studies for music majors include a weekly one-hour individual lesson and two- hour studio lab.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001790",
    "code": "MUS 701",
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    "code": "MUS 702",
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    "code": "MUS 703",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the third level of a four-semester sequence in string ensemble performance skills. Students will focus on the study, preparation, and performance of representative works of the standard and contemporary string orchestra literature. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester. Students at this level will be expected to take leadership responsibilities in the ensemble.",
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    "code": "MUS 704",
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    "code": "MUS 705",
    "title": "Guitar Ensemble I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the first level of a four-semester sequence in guitar ensemble performance skills. Students will study and perform repertoire from the Baroque to the present day. The course will focus on active participation in the process of preparing for performance including listening skills, sight-reading, intonation, rhythm, tone, and ensemble precision. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002482"
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    "id": "bmcc-001795",
    "code": "MUS 706",
    "title": "Guitar Ensemble II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the second level of a four-semester sequence in guitar ensemble performance skills. Students will study and perform repertoire from the Baroque to the present day. The course will focus on active participation in the process of preparing for performance including listening skills, sight-reading, intonation, rhythm, tone, and ensemble precision. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001796",
    "code": "MUS 707",
    "title": "Guitar Ensemble III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the third level of a four-semester sequence in guitar ensemble performance skills. Students will study and perform repertoire from the Baroque to the present day. The course will focus on active participation in the process of preparing for performance including listening skills, sight-reading, intonation, rhythm, tone, and ensemble precision. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester. Students at this level will be expected to take leadership responsibilities in the ensemble.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001797",
    "code": "MUS 708",
    "title": "Guitar Ensemble IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the fourth level of a four-semester sequence in guitar ensemble performance skills. Students will study and perform repertoire from the Baroque to the present day. The course will focus on active participation in the process of preparing for performance including listening skills, sight-reading, intonation, rhythm, tone, and ensemble precision. Students are required to participate in all performances. Ensembles perform at least one concert per semester. Students at this level will be expected to take leadership responsibilities in the ensemble.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001798",
    "code": "MUS 801",
    "title": "Popular Music Small Ensemble I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the first in a four-semester sequence that focuses on small ensemble performance of popular music. The course provides an opportunity to study and perform popular music styles of the 20th and 21st century. The definition of “Popular Music'' within the context of this course is broad-ranging and can include genres such as Jazz, Rock, Latin, R&B, Hip-Hop, Country/Bluegrass, Gospel, Pop, Musical Theater, and original student compositions. The class will focus on developing the tools necessary to work in today’s popular music scene. Each ensemble will typically consist of a rhythm section (guitar and/or piano, bass, drums/percussion), with instrumentalists and vocalists (between 4-6 students total), as determined by the instructor following auditions. Each week students will have a 1.5 hr rehearsal with an assigned professor and in addition, all small ensembles are required to rehearse alone for 1.5 hr a week to adequately prepare for performances. All ensembles perform at least one concert per semester and students are required to participate in all performances.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 801",
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    "id": "bmcc-001799",
    "code": "MUS 802",
    "title": "Pop Music Small Ensemble II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is the second in a four-semester sequence that focuses on small ensemble performance of popular music. The course provides an opportunity to study and perform popular music styles of the 20th and 21st century. The definition of “Popular Music'' within the context of this course is broad-ranging and can include genres such as Jazz, Rock, Latin, R&B, Hip-Hop, Country/Bluegrass, Gospel, Pop, Musical Theater, and original student compositions. The class will focus on developing the tools necessary to work in today’s popular music scene. Each ensemble will typically consist of a rhythm section (guitar and/or piano, bass, drums/percussion), with instrumentalists and vocalists (between 4-6 students total), as determined by the instructor following auditions. Each week students will have a 1.5 hr rehearsal with an assigned professor and in addition, all small ensembles are required to rehearse alone for 1.5 hr a week to adequately prepare for performances. All ensembles perform at least one concert per semester and students are required to participate in all performances.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001800",
    "code": "MUS 803",
    "title": "Pop Music Small Ensemble III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
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    "id": "bmcc-001801",
    "code": "MUS 804",
    "title": "Pop Music Small Ensemble IV",
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    "hours": 1,
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    "id": "bmcc-001802",
    "code": "MUS 881",
    "title": "Puerto Rican Music",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course will survey the musical genres of Puerto Rico and how each developed within a historical and social context, beginning with the role of music in pre-Colombian, European and African cultures up to the present.",
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      "bmcc-002480"
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    "id": "bmcc-001803",
    "code": "MUS 888",
    "title": "MUS Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "MUS Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "id": "bmcc-001804",
    "code": "MUS 901",
    "title": "Music Directed Study",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Music Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001805",
    "code": "MUS 902",
    "title": "Mus Directed Study",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Mus Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001806",
    "code": "MUS 903",
    "title": "Mus Directed Study",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Mus Directed Study",
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    "code": "MUS 904",
    "title": "Mus Directed Study",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Mus Directed Study",
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    "code": "MUS 905",
    "title": "Mus Directed Study",
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    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Mus Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001809",
    "code": "MUS 906",
    "title": "MUS Directed Study",
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    "hours": 6,
    "description": "MUS Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001810",
    "code": "MUS 907",
    "title": "Music Directed Study",
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    "hours": 7,
    "description": "Music Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001811",
    "code": "MUS 908",
    "title": "Music Directed Study",
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    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Music Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001812",
    "code": "MUS 909",
    "title": "Music Directed Study",
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    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Music Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-001813",
    "code": "NUR 1",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Nursing Student Clinical Orientation",
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    "id": "bmcc-001814",
    "code": "NUR 100",
    "title": "Fund Nursing Care I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Fund Nursing Care I",
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    "id": "bmcc-001815",
    "code": "NUR 101",
    "title": "Nursing",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Nursing",
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    "id": "bmcc-001816",
    "code": "NUR 110",
    "title": "Fund Nursing Care",
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    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Fund Nursing Care",
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    "id": "bmcc-001817",
    "code": "NUR 111",
    "title": "Fund Patient Care",
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    "hours": 7,
    "description": "Fund Patient Care",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001818",
    "code": "NUR 112",
    "title": "Fund. Of Nursing",
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    "hours": 8,
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001819",
    "code": "NUR 120",
    "title": "Nursing Concepts",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Nursing Concepts",
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    "id": "bmcc-001820",
    "code": "NUR 200",
    "title": "Fund Nursing Care 2",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Fund Nursing Care 2",
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    "id": "bmcc-001821",
    "code": "NUR 210",
    "title": "Med-Surg Nursing",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Med-Surg Nursing",
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    "id": "bmcc-001822",
    "code": "NUR 211",
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    "hours": 8,
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001823",
    "code": "NUR 300",
    "title": "Fund Nursing Care 3",
    "credits": 9,
    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Fund Nursing Care 3",
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    "id": "bmcc-001824",
    "code": "NUR 310",
    "title": "Maternal Child Nursing",
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    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Maternal Child Nursing",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/NUR 310",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001825",
    "code": "NUR 311",
    "title": "Obstetrics",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Obstetrics",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/NUR 311",
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    "id": "bmcc-001826",
    "code": "NUR 312",
    "title": "Nursing Of Children",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Nursing Of Children",
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    "id": "bmcc-001827",
    "code": "NUR 313",
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    "hours": 8,
    "description": "This course is composed of a seven-week component in Nursing Care of Children and a seven-week component in Basic Medical-Surgical Nursing Care. The Pediatric Nursing component focuses on the child's physical, social, and emotional reaction to illness, the nurse's role in providing support to the child and the members of his/her family during periods of stress. Emphasis is placed upon differences between each phase of growth and development trends in care and measures utilized to promote a healthy childhood and adolescence. The Basic Medical-Surgical Nursing component builds upon previous nursing knowledge and techniques already introduced. Major emphasis is placed upon common recurring health problems. Psycho-social nursing techniques are emphasized as they relate to the care of the client with selected health problems.",
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    "program_ids": [
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001828",
    "code": "NUR 400",
    "title": "Fund Nursing Care IV",
    "credits": 9,
    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Fund Nursing Care IV",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001829",
    "code": "NUR 410",
    "title": "Comp Nursing Care",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Comp Nursing Care",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/NUR 410",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001830",
    "code": "NUR 411",
    "title": "Nursing Process IV",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "This course is composed of a semester of medical-surgical nursing. It is a continuation of medical-surgical nursing introduced in NUR 313. There is emphasis on selected medical-surgical problems and students receive supervision of more advanced medical-surgical nursing skills in the hospital lab.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002483"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001831",
    "code": "NUR 415",
    "title": "Pro Issue Contmp Nursing Pract",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "With an emphasis on the process of transitioning from Student Nurse to Registered Professional Nurse, Professional Issues in Contemporary Nursing Practice surveys the issues, challenges and current trends faced by the new Associate Degree Nurse as an individual practitioner, and as a member of the nursing profession. This course encourages students to think critically about the nursing profession and career opportunities, historical and theoretical nursing frameworks, the legal ethical aspects of nursing, cultural and social issues, standards of nursing practice, delegation and supervision, communication and inter-professional collaboration, technology in the clinical setting, evidence based practice and quality improvement.",
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      "bmcc-002483"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001832",
    "code": "NUR 420",
    "title": "Nursing Seminar",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Nursing Seminar",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/NUR 420",
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    "id": "bmcc-001833",
    "code": "OFF 1",
    "title": "Office Requirement",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Office Requirement",
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    "id": "bmcc-001834",
    "code": "OFF 2",
    "title": "Office Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Office Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-001835",
    "code": "OFF 100",
    "title": "Begin Shorthand",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Begin Shorthand",
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    "id": "bmcc-001836",
    "code": "OFF 101",
    "title": "Off. & Mach Trans.",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Through the use of machine dictation equipment, the students will become proficient as machine transcribers. Emphasis is placed on the mechanics of correct transcribing skills. At registration students will be assigned a two-hour per week laboratory space in order to facilitate completion of production assignments.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 101",
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    "id": "bmcc-001837",
    "code": "OFF 102",
    "title": "Superwrite",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is designed for students interested in a quick method of writing that is easy to learn, write and read. It provides students a brief alphabetic writing system which should result in a marketable and personal-use (notetaking) skill.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 102",
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    "code": "OFF 110",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to teach beginning students the fundamentals of keyboarding utilizing the touch typewriting approach. The course will emphasize the development of proper keyboarding techniques, speed and accuracy. The keyboarding of basic business documents, such as letters and envelopes, inter-office memorandums, and tables will be taught. Speed requirements are 30 to 40 words per minute. At registration, students are assigned a two-hour per week laboratory space in order to facilitate completion of homework assignments.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001839",
    "code": "OFF 111",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to teach beginning students the fundamentals of operating a computer keyboard using the touch approach. Proper techniques for learning the alphabetic, numeric and symbol key locations will be taught. Emphasis will be given to one of the primary purposes of leaning to keyboard which is to input quickly and accurately personal business letters, reports and tables in proper format. Speed requirements will be 20 to 30 words per minute for five minutes. At registration, students will be assigned a one-hour per week lab space in order to facilitate the completion of homework assignments.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001840",
    "code": "OFF 115",
    "title": "Office Communications",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Office Communications",
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    "id": "bmcc-001841",
    "code": "OFF 200",
    "title": "Trans Devlpmnt I Shorthand",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Transitional Development I Shorthand",
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    "id": "bmcc-001842",
    "code": "OFF 201",
    "title": "Tran Dev I Mach",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Tran Dev I Mach",
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    "id": "bmcc-001843",
    "code": "OFF 202",
    "title": "Adv Off Skill Trans",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of Transcription I with emphasis on mailable copy, timed production, and advanced business documents. At registration, students are assigned a two-hour per week laboratory space in order to facilitate completion of homework assignments.",
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    "code": "OFF 210",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course develops keyboard production skills and proper formatting techniques of documents. Letter styles, manuscripts, and advanced tabulation projects are taught. Speed development is stressed. Speed requirements will be 40 to 50 words per minute for five minutes. At registration, students will be assigned a two-hour per week laboratory space in order to facilitate completion of homework assignments.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001845",
    "code": "OFF 211",
    "title": "Med. Transcription",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Med. Transcription",
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    "id": "bmcc-001846",
    "code": "OFF 215",
    "title": "Communications for the Office",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to train students to plan, organize, write, edit, and rewrite business correspondence.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001847",
    "code": "OFF 220",
    "title": "Text Processing I",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is designed to teach students the basic word processing operations of a computer system; as creating, editing, formatting, storing, and printing documents. Also, the software's capabilities to merge documents and create headers and footers will be taught. Speed requirements will be 40 to 55 words per minute for five minutes.",
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    "code": "OFF 221",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course teaches word processing software skills required to create, edit, format, and print personal and business documents-letters, memos, and reports-in the most efficient manner. The student learns to use advanced features of the software.",
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    "code": "OFF 300",
    "title": "Trans. Dev Ii Short",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Trans. Dev Ii Short",
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    "id": "bmcc-001850",
    "code": "OFF 301",
    "title": "Adv Off Skill Trans",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Adv Off Skill Trans",
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    "id": "bmcc-001851",
    "code": "OFF 311",
    "title": "Adv Med Transcrip",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Adv Med Transcrip",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 311",
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    "id": "bmcc-001852",
    "code": "OFF 320",
    "title": "Text Processing II",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This is a skills development course requiring the production of complex multi-page documents, including the preparation of tables utilizing horizontal scroll and reports containing a table of contents, complex tabulations, footnotes, and an index. Students will be taught the functions of the text processing utilities menu. Speed requirements are 50-65 words per minute. At registration, students are assigned a two-hour per week laboratory space in order to facilitate completion of homework assignments.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 320",
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    "id": "bmcc-001853",
    "code": "OFF 321",
    "title": "Adv.Ois Funct. I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Adv.Ois Funct. I",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 321",
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    "id": "bmcc-001854",
    "code": "OFF 322",
    "title": "Adv Text Processing Functions",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course will teach students the mathematical, graphical, and programmable capabilities of the text processing software. At registration students will be assigned a two hour per week laboratory space in order to facilitate completion of homework assignments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 322",
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    "id": "bmcc-001855",
    "code": "OFF 323",
    "title": "Desktop Publishing",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is an exploration of the current desktop publishing software used on popular microcomputers. Students will become familiar with the basic techniques that will enable them to produce in-house flyers, newsletters, and other documents.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 323",
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    "id": "bmcc-001856",
    "code": "OFF 330",
    "title": "Auto Office Admin",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an overview of current automated office equipment. Physical, budgetary, and personnel problems that can be encountered when office systems are newly installed, rearranged, or expanded are studied. It is a lecture and case study course with the incorporation of a guest speaker and/or site visit.",
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    "id": "bmcc-001857",
    "code": "OFF 360",
    "title": "Prob School Sec I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Prob School Sec I",
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    "id": "bmcc-001858",
    "code": "OFF 370",
    "title": "Problems of the School Secr I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to give the school secretary and the prospective school secretary an over-all view of education- its philosophy, its function, and its techniques. This course will include background material on educational developments in the United States, current trends in education in general, and current trends in the New York City school system in particular. The focus is on the role of the school secretary within the school system. The course includes classroom lectures, prepared reports delivered to the class by individual students, class discussion of relevant current events, as well as assigned readings and a written report.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 370",
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    "id": "bmcc-001859",
    "code": "OFF 400",
    "title": "Off. Oper. And Adm.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Off. Oper. And Adm.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 400",
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    "id": "bmcc-001860",
    "code": "OFF 420",
    "title": "Legal Text Processing",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course concentrates on students producing legal documents and legal letters on the word processing equipment. Varied applications, as relates to keyboarding and setup of legal materials, including editing, merged documents, tabulation, enumeration, global operations, headers, footers, dual column, super copy/move, multi-page reports, tables, invoices, citations, footnotes, endorsements, and the brief are taught.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 420",
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    "id": "bmcc-001861",
    "code": "OFF 421",
    "title": "Adv. Ois Funct. II",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Adv. Ois Funct. II",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 421",
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    "id": "bmcc-001862",
    "code": "OFF 422",
    "title": "Text Processing III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to teach alternative software programs utilized for processing documents in today's electronic office. Speed requirements are 60-80 words per minute. At registration, students are assigned a two-hour per week laboratory space in order to facilitate the completion of homework assignments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 422",
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    "id": "bmcc-001863",
    "code": "OFF 430",
    "title": "OIS Supervision",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to train students to operate and supervise an electronic office system that uses OIS software. The operating procedures of the DOS (disc operating system)-supervisory functions, file utilities, volume utilities, and control functions-are taught. In addition, systems installation procedures and system management are taught. At registration, students are assigned a two-hour per week laboratory space in order to facilitate completion of homework assignments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 430",
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    "id": "bmcc-001864",
    "code": "OFF 440",
    "title": "Off Administration",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Off Administration",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 440",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-001865",
    "code": "OFF 450",
    "title": "Legl. Trans. Short",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Legl. Trans. Short",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 450",
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    "id": "bmcc-001866",
    "code": "OFF 451",
    "title": "Legal Transcription-Machine",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course concentrates on preparing students for the exact work required in a legal office, with emphasis on developing skills in taking legal machine dictation and the timed transcription of basic litigation and non-litigation documents and legal letters.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 451",
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    "id": "bmcc-001867",
    "code": "OFF 452",
    "title": "Legl. Term. Op.& Ad",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course introduces the student to basic legal vocabulary, legal office procedures, operations, and administration. Included are a study of the courts and the court system, procedure, basic litigation and non-litigation documents. Previewed legal documents and materials are presented, analyzed-as to background, handling, spellings, compounds, legal phrases, punctuation, abbreviations, comprehension, etymological derivation, so as to ease skill development in preparation and procedure for basic legal documents and materials.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 452",
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    "id": "bmcc-001868",
    "code": "OFF 460",
    "title": "Bil. Gregg Sten.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Bil. Gregg Sten.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 460",
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    "id": "bmcc-001869",
    "code": "OFF 470",
    "title": "Edu Prbms Schl Secretary II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide preparation for the school secretary and the prospective school secretary in basic educational principles and practices. The course includes classroom lectures, prepared reports delivered to the class by individual students, and case studies of school problems and their solutions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 470",
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    "id": "bmcc-001870",
    "code": "OFF 471",
    "title": "School Records and Accounts",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is required for the School Secretary License of the New York City Board of Education. This course is designed to instruct students in the competencies of New York City school records and accounts and administrative procedures.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 471",
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    "id": "bmcc-001871",
    "code": "OFF 480",
    "title": "Ext Spd Dev Short",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Ext Spd Dev Short",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 480",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/off-480",
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    "id": "bmcc-001872",
    "code": "OFF 901",
    "title": "Off Directed Study",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Off Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 901",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/off-901",
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    "id": "bmcc-001873",
    "code": "OFF 902",
    "title": "Off Directed Study",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Off Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OFF 902",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/off-902",
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    "id": "bmcc-001874",
    "code": "PAN 1",
    "title": "Public Administration Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Public Administration Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PAN 1",
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    "id": "bmcc-001875",
    "code": "PAN 100",
    "title": "Intro Public Affairs & Admin",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This introductory course is set within the context of contemporary political, social, environmental, and economic realities. It examines the policies and processes of governmental, nonprofit, and institutional based programs from a multidisciplinary perspective. Students are introduced to the field and profession of public administration and develop a broad understanding of the public and nonprofit sector while learning to think and act as an ethical community service administration professional.",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "POL 111",
    "title": "Political of Tech & Science",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Political and economic forces shape scientific practices and the development of new technologies, while science and emerging technologies can transform daily life and have a major impact on politics. This course will explore the relationships among science, technology, politics, and economics. Topics covered may include automation, cyberculture, digitization, climate change, artificial intelligence, control and surveillance, and biopower.",
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    "code": "POL 120",
    "title": "Gender and Politics",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course uses gender as a lens of analysis for studying politics, with an emphasis on the United States. It will explore how participation, including voting, campaigning, office holding, and activism, has been gendered and how ideals of citizenship have differed for men and women, taking into account the ways that gender intersects with other categories such as race and ethnicity. The course will cover the historical development of men’s and women’s political roles, the ways gender inequality has been sustained and contested in various political contexts, and selected current issues and debates.",
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    "code": "POL 151",
    "title": "Pol Puertorican Com",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course in an analysis of the political movements and parties of Puerto Rican communities in the U.S.A., the relationships of these movements and parties toward political development in Puerto Rico, the role of the Puerto Rican in both traditional and radical political movements in the U.S.A., and how political participation in the American process has come to contribute to a sense community identity among Puerto Ricans in the U.S.A.",
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    "code": "POL 152",
    "title": "Modern Black Political Thought",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The origins of nationalist ideologies and political and social action in the United States, Caribbean and Africa are examined. Political and economic developments since the late 19th century are analyzed.",
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    "code": "POL 153",
    "title": "Politics of Race & Ethnicity",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Modern societies are often divided along racial and ethnic lines. This class will examine the origins and functions of the ideas of race and ethnicity, how racial and ethnic categories are produced and reproduced, how individuals experience race and ethnicity, and how political movements and struggles are shaped by racial and ethnic divisions. Substantive topics to be addressed may include colonialism, the labor market, migration and refugees, schooling, incarceration, human rights, housing and the built environment, electoral politics, and social movements.",
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    "code": "POL 200",
    "title": "Power&Polit In U.S.",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Power&Polit In U.S.",
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    "code": "POL 210",
    "title": "World Politics",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "POL 220",
    "title": "Urban Politics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores the politics of cities, with special emphasis on New York City and with attention to institutions and organizations active in urban politics, urban public policy issues, and interactions between cities and other levels of government. Themes may include the roots of urban public life, the historical development and importance of cities, and current challenges to urban communities.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "code": "POL 222",
    "title": "Pol. Eco. Technosci",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Pol. Eco. Technosci",
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    "code": "POL 230",
    "title": "Power in American Politics",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course investigates the nature of power, order, and authority and examines how they appear in American life. What is power? How is it exercised, both inside and outside government? What brings order to a community? How can authority be legitimate? Themes that may be studied in this class include American political institutions, organizations, culture, and thought; class, race, and gender in the United States; and literary portrayals or classic theories of power.",
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    "code": "POL 240",
    "title": "Comparative Politics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to the comparative study of political institutions, political cultures, public policy, and forms of political action. Taking examples from different parts of the world, the course examines the development and contemporary workings of various political systems, emphasizing basic concepts and methods of comparative analysis.",
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    "code": "POL 250",
    "title": "Civil Lib & Constit",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Civil Lib & Constit",
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    "code": "POL 260",
    "title": "Political Theory",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines political ideas and explores ways of thinking about politics. The course will address classic works of political thought from ancient to modem, contemporary political debates, or perennial questions about human nature, freedom, community, and justice.",
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    "code": "POL 261",
    "title": "Politics of Attention",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "POL 270",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an in-depth exploration of a topic in political science, which will vary from semester to semester. Topics may include subjects of enduring political importance or special current interest. The course description for a particular term will be available from the instructor during registration.",
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    "code": "POL 300",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "POL 400",
    "title": "World Politics",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "id": "bmcc-002062",
    "code": "POL 476",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "title": "Politics and Govt in Nyc",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Politics and Government in New York City",
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    "code": "POL 600",
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    "hours": 2,
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    "code": "POL 601",
    "title": "Urban Politics Seminar 2",
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    "hours": 2,
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    "id": "bmcc-002066",
    "code": "POL 888",
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    "code": "POL 903",
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    "hours": 6,
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    "code": "POL 909",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "PRT 106",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "PRT 200",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "SCI 150",
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    "description": "This course is a study of the interaction of man and his environment. Topics examined include ecology, air and water pollution, pesticides, radioactivity, power generation, noise pollution, waste disposal, population control, food additives, and food contamination.",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "hours": 3,
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "SOC 230H",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on sociological approaches to the study of racial and ethnic relations and their impact on social life. The relations between racial and ethnic groups in the United States will be examined from a social-structural and social-psychological perspective. This course will examine historical and contemporary constructions of identity, assimilation stratification and interaction between majority and minority groups.",
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    "code": "SOC 234",
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    "description": "This course studies the Puerto Rican family as the primary unit of Puerto Rican society patterns and dynamics of that society. It examines the variations in family structure evolved from the Taino, Spanish and African cultures. The historical and economic changes that have transformed Puerto Rican society are analyzed with emphasis on their effect on the family structure. The experience of migration and its impact on the Puerto Rican family are considered. Attention is given to the problems facing the family as the unit of migration.",
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    "code": "SOC 240",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course involves a sociological analysis of the modern city and the urban way of life. Among the topics discussed are: the growth and decline of urban neighborhoods; social forces responsible for the modern urban community; urban ecology; urban blight and shifts in the residential distribution of racial, ethnic and income groups; plans and policies for urban development; and the future of the central city.",
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    "code": "SOC 240H",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course involves a sociological analysis of the modern city and the urban way of life. Among the topics discussed are: the growth and decline of urban neighborhoods; social forces responsible for the modern urban community; urban ecology; urban blight and shifts in the residential distribution of racial, ethnic and income groups; plans and policies for urban development; and the future of the central city.",
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    "code": "SOC 250",
    "title": "The Family",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the basic functions of the family in contemporary society. The social processes involved in courtship, marriage, parenthood, alternative family models, the roles of family members, and the relationship between the various models and the community will be examined.",
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    "id": "bmcc-002218",
    "code": "SOC 256",
    "title": "The Contemporary Black Family",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The Black family in current urban/suburban settings and the effects of changing value systems, the single-parent family, crises in education and economic stability are examined.",
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    "code": "SOC 260",
    "title": "Sociology of Health & Illness",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Health intersects with every aspect of our daily lives as well as institutions and larger social structures. This course examines the social construction of health and medicine, with a focus on political, cultural, and economic forces that shape meaning of health, as well as medical institutions and other responses to illness. Topics may include sociological perspectives of health and illness; inequality produced through social factors including sex/gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status; medicalization and social control; issues related to an aging society; and the health care system.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "bmcc-002220",
    "code": "SOC 300",
    "title": "Ethnic Groups",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Ethnic Groups",
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    "id": "bmcc-002221",
    "code": "SOC 350",
    "title": "Sociology Capstone",
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  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002267",
    "code": "SPN 102",
    "title": "Spanish II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "In this continuation of Spanish I, grammar, composition, oral comprehension are developed and supplemented by readings of Spanish texts.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 102",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-102",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-102.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002268",
    "code": "SPN 103",
    "title": "Elem Spn-Spn Spkers",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is an elementary Spanish course for students who can speak Spanish but have no formal training in the language. Students who have taken SPN 101 and/or SPN 102 will not receive credit for this course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 103",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-103",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-103.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002269",
    "code": "SPN 105",
    "title": "Elementary Spanish I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is for students who have had no previous background in Spanish. Grammar is taught inductively and simple texts are read. Speaking, reading, and writing are emphasized students who have taken SPN 103 will not receive credit for this course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 105",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-105",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-105.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002270",
    "code": "SPN 105H",
    "title": "Elementary Spanish I (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is for students who have had no previous background in Spanish. Grammar is taught inductively and simple texts are read. Speaking, reading, and writing are emphasized students who have taken SPN 103 will not receive credit for this course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 105H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-105h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-105h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002271",
    "code": "SPN 106",
    "title": "Elementary Spanish II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this continuation of Spanish I, grammar, composition and oral comprehension are developed and supplemented by readings or Spanish texts. Students who have taken SPN 107 will not receive credit for this course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 106",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-106",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-106.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002272",
    "code": "SPN 106H",
    "title": "Elementary Spanish II (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this continuation of Spanish I, grammar, composition and oral comprehension are developed and supplemented by readings or Spanish texts. Students who have taken SPN 107 will not receive credit for this course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 106H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-106h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-106h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002273",
    "code": "SPN 107",
    "title": "Elem Span Speakers of Span I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an elementary Spanish course for students who can speak Spanish but have no formal training in the language. Students who have taken SPN 101 and/or SPN 102 will not receive credit for this course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 107",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-107",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-107.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002274",
    "code": "SPN 107H",
    "title": "Elem Span Speak of Span I(Hon)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an elementary Spanish course for students who can speak Spanish but have no formal training in the language. Students who have taken SPN 101 and/or SPN 102 will not receive credit for this course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 107H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-107h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-107h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002275",
    "code": "SPN 108",
    "title": "Elem Span Speakers of Span II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is the second course on a series of four basic language courses for heritage learners. This group of students can speak Spanish but need to continue formal training in the language. The course aims at reinforcing and expanding on students’ familiarity with Hispanic culture, which serves as a context for the development of linguistic skills, such as reading comprehension, lexical expansion, spelling, writing, and grammatical accuracy, among other things. Students who have taken SPN 105 and/or SPN 106 will not receive credit for this course. Prerequsite SPN 107 or departmental approval.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 108",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-108",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-108.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002276",
    "code": "SPN 108H",
    "title": "Elem Span Speak of SpanII(Hon)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is the second course on a series of four basic language courses for heritage learners. This group of students can speak Spanish but need to continue formal training in the language. The course aims at reinforcing and expanding on students’ familiarity with Hispanic culture, which serves as a context for the development of linguistic skills, such as reading comprehension, lexical expansion, spelling, writing, and grammatical accuracy, among other things. Students who have taken SPN 105 and/or SPN 106 will not receive credit for this course. Prerequsite SPN 107 or departmental approval.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 108H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-108h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-108h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002277",
    "code": "SPN 110",
    "title": "Spanish II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Spanish II",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 110",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-110",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-110.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002278",
    "code": "SPN 121",
    "title": "Elem Intensive Spanish 1 & 2",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "This intensive course combines Spanish 105 and 106 into a one-semester course. It is designed for students who have had no previous background in Spanish. Students develop their skills in listening, comprehension, speaking and writing in Spanish, supplemented by readings and analysis of simple Spanish texts. In addition to building vocabulary on everyday life, students develop the ability to make questions and to describe themselves and others, their environment, preferences and lifestyles in Spanish. In the second half of the semester, students are introduced to past tenses, and develop their ability to narrate events and describe people and situations in the past. The course also exposes students to different forms of Spanish and Spanish cultures through music and short film clips. Since the goal is to enhance students’ speaking and writing abilities in Spanish, Spanish will be the main language spoken in class.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 121",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-121",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-121.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002279",
    "code": "SPN 130",
    "title": "Spanish Conversation",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Designed primarily for Health/Medical area students, this course emphasizes the practice of conversation based on medical terminology and useful expressions and idioms.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 130",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-130",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-130.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002280",
    "code": "SPN 150",
    "title": "Basic Spanish Conversation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course for non-native speaking students may follow the two semester sequence in Spanish. It is designed to build confidence and competence in conversing in Spanish.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 150",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-150",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-150.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002281",
    "code": "SPN 200",
    "title": "Intermediate Spanish I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Study in this course includes a review of grammar and reading plus discussion of selected works by modern authors. Self-expression through oral and written reports is emphasized.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 200",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-200",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-200.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002282",
    "code": "SPN 204",
    "title": "Spanish Film and Conversation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course involves intensive oral work consisting of discussions of Hispanic films. Drills in pronunciation, intonation and rhythm are included as well as several oral presentations throughout the course. Films will be screened during class sessions or as homework assignments. Readings, written work, and discussions will be in Spanish.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 204",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-204",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-204.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002283",
    "code": "SPN 207",
    "title": "Inter Span for Speak of Span",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Spanish 207 is the third course in the heritage speaker sequence. This is an intermediate I course for speakers of Spanish who are in the process of refining their formal study of standard Spanish. The course is designed to build on the language base students already possess. The primary purpose of the course is to further develop students’ reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. This course will use reading and writing activities to extend students’ grasp of vocabulary and grammatical structures and to further their comprehension of and ability to express themselves in Spanish. Activities will be largely devoted to providing practice through form-based and communicative activities.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 207",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-207",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-207.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002284",
    "code": "SPN 210",
    "title": "Intermediate Spanish II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This intensive writing course emphasizes comprehension, writing and analysis of contemporary, and classical texts.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002480"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 210",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-210",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-210.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002285",
    "code": "SPN 221",
    "title": "Intermed Intensive Spanish 1&2",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "This intensive course combines Spanish 200 and 210 into a one-semester course. It is designed for students who have been placed in SPN 200 or who already had two semesters of introductory Spanish as a second language and want to further their abilities in Spanish at the intermediate level. The focus is to broaden students’ abilities to engage in interactions in the language for a variety of purposes and in a variety of contexts, to understand and interpret written and spoken language on a variety of topics, to continue to explore Spanish speaking cultures via their literatures, art, music, films, and samples of expository writing. This is NOT a course for heritage speakers of Spanish who may have been raised in a Spanish speaking household, environment, or bilingual context.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 221",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-221",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-221.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002286",
    "code": "SPN 300",
    "title": "Advanced Spanish",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course complies with the last semester of Spanish for Heritage Learners who are completing the basic language requirements. In this course, students will improve their writing skills and increase their vocabulary through readings of material written for native speakers of the Spanish language in order to become more confident in their ability to speak Spanish in public, as well as in reading and writing in their heritage language. Students are expected to read, write and discuss in Spanish the reading topics selected for class. The course will pay close attention at reviewing aspects of grammar, spelling and speech which are troublesome for students who do not fully master cultivated Spanish",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 300",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-300",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-300.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002287",
    "code": "SPN 300H",
    "title": "Advanced Spanish (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course complies with the last semester of Spanish for Heritage Learners who are completing the basic language requirements. In this course, students will improve their writing skills and increase their vocabulary through readings of material written for native speakers of the Spanish language in order to become more confident in their ability to speak Spanish in public, as well as in reading and writing in their heritage language. Students are expected to read, write and discuss in Spanish the reading topics selected for class. The course will pay close attention at reviewing aspects of grammar, spelling and speech which are troublesome for students who do not fully master cultivated Spanish",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 300H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-300h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-300h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002288",
    "code": "SPN 301",
    "title": "Spanish Conver I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Spanish Conver I",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 301",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-301",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-301.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002289",
    "code": "SPN 302",
    "title": "Spanish Conver II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Spanish Conver II",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 302",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-302",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-302.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002290",
    "code": "SPN 303",
    "title": "Conversatn For Tta",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Conversatn For Tta",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 303",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-303",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-303.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002291",
    "code": "SPN 310",
    "title": "Adv Spanish Conv I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Adv Spanish Conv I",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 310",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-310",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-310.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002292",
    "code": "SPN 370",
    "title": "Lit/Civ of Latin America",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The evolution of Spanish-American civilization is studied through literature to enhance understanding of present-day problems and potentialities. Emphasis falls on the relevance of the topography of the regions, the Spanish conquest and colonization, conflicts among cultures and religions of the indigenous peoples. Hispanic settlers, Africans, and recent immigrants; oral and written transmissions of traditions; the struggle for independence; movements for political, social, and economic reforms; the cultural obstacles, the emergence of linguistic distinctiveness and the quest for self- realization are studied. Readings are in Spanish, discussions are in English or Spanish.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 370",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-370",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-370.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002293",
    "code": "SPN 370H",
    "title": "Lit/Civ of Latin America (Hon)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The evolution of Spanish-American civilization is studied through literature to enhance understanding of present-day problems and potentialities. Emphasis falls on the relevance of the topography of the regions, the Spanish conquest and colonization, conflicts among cultures and religions of the indigenous peoples. Hispanic settlers, Africans, and recent immigrants; oral and written transmissions of traditions; the struggle for independence; movements for political, social, and economic reforms; the cultural obstacles, the emergence of linguistic distinctiveness and the quest for self- realization are studied. Readings are in Spanish, discussions are in English or Spanish.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 370H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-370h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-370h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002294",
    "code": "SPN 371",
    "title": "Lit and Civilization of Spain",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers a diachronic approach to the evolution of Spain through the examination of its social, political and cultural manifestations. By paying particular attention to its linguistic, regional, economic, and ethnical diversity as well as to the complex relationships held throughout the centuries between Spain and the rest of the world, this course also promotes a richer understanding of some of the current situations faced by this country.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 371",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-371",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-371.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002295",
    "code": "SPN 390",
    "title": "Intro to Spanish Linguistics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course presents a general introduction to the core components of the Spanish language: phonetics/phonology, morphology/syntax, and semantics/pragmatics. In addition, students will be exposed to well-known topics in Hispanic linguistics with the purpose of gaining ability in describing some particularities of the linguistic system and its dialectal varieties.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 390",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-390",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-390.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002296",
    "code": "SPN 400",
    "title": "Latin American Women Writers",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to a representative sampling of Latin American women writers from the colonial period to the twentieth century. The course will disseminate a body of literature, which is represented minimally in Hispanic literature courses. Feminism, machismo, motherhood, sexual and political activism and the role of women as writers are some of the issues that will be explored and discussed during the semester.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 400",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-400",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-400.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002297",
    "code": "SPN 400H",
    "title": "Latin American WomWriters(Hon)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to a representative sampling of Latin American women writers from the colonial period to the twentieth century. The course will disseminate a body of literature, which is represented minimally in Hispanic literature courses. Feminism, machismo, motherhood, sexual and political activism and the role of women as writers are some of the issues that will be explored and discussed during the semester.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 400H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-400h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-400h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002298",
    "code": "SPN 410",
    "title": "Latin American Theater",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of major trends in Spanish-American theatre from pre-Columbian times to the present with emphasis on 20th century theatre. Among the authors who will be studied are: Gonzalez Eslava, Ruiz De Alarcon, Sor Juana Ines De La Cruz, Florencio Sanchez, Rodolfo Usigli, Egon Wolff, Augusto Boal, Jose Triana, Jorge Diaz, Luis Rafael Sanchez, Griselda Gambaro, Isadora Aguirre.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 410",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-410",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-410.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002299",
    "code": "SPN 420",
    "title": "Int.Spn Thea.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to spanish theatre through the reading and analysis of the major playwrights - Lope De Vega, Calderon, Moratin, El Duque De Rivas, Galdos, Benavente - from the seventeenth century to the generation of 1898.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 420",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-420",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-420.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002300",
    "code": "SPN 425",
    "title": "Intr.Spn Poe 20 Cen",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an in-depth study of the poetry of repesentative Spanish poets with emphasis on the generation of 1927. Poets studied include Gongora, Becquer, Machado, Alberti, Lorca, Leon Felipe, and Hose A. Goytisolo.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 425",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-425",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-425.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002301",
    "code": "SPN 426",
    "title": "Creative Writing in Spanish",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on advanced composition skills and writing techniques. It helps students to fine tune their grammar and develop their own creative voice through the reading of representative and contemporary authors and the writing of a variety of personal narrations, both fictional and non-fictional such as memoirs/mini-autobiographies, short stories and blogs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 426",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-426",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-426.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002302",
    "code": "SPN 426H",
    "title": "Creative WritinginSpanish(Hon)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on advanced composition skills and writing techniques. It helps students to fine tune their grammar and develop their own creative voice through the reading of representative and contemporary authors and the writing of a variety of personal narrations, both fictional and non-fictional such as memoirs/mini-autobiographies, short stories and blogs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 426H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002303",
    "code": "SPN 430",
    "title": "Medieval & Golden Age Span Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A chronological study is made of Spanish literature against its cultural and ideological background. Major works by representative writers from the Middle Ages to the end of the Golden Age are read and analyzed. Readings include selections from the Poema de Mio Cid, Don Juan Manuel, Jorge Manrique, Fernando de Rojas, Cervantes, Quevedo, and Calderon de la Barca. Written and oral reports are required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 430",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002304",
    "code": "SPN 435",
    "title": "Sur Spanish Lit II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of the representative authors of the 18th and 19th centuries - Moratin, el Duque de Rivas, Larra, Becquer, Zorilla and Galdos - with emphasis on neo-classicism, romanticism and realism in the novel, theater and poetry of the period. Reading and oral reports are required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 435",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002305",
    "code": "SPN 439",
    "title": "Story In Spn Carrib",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the short story as a major form of literary expression in the Spanish speaking countries of the Caribbean: Colombia, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela. It studies the development of the short story beginning with Indian legends recreated by Spaniards during the early colonial period. Examples of short stories written during the different literary movements are studied and analyzed. The relationship between the writer and society is analyzed as well as the common history, culture, and socio-economic problems which are reflected in each story. This course is taught in Spanish.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 439",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-439.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002306",
    "code": "SPN 439H",
    "title": "Story In Spn Carrib (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the short story as a major form of literary expression in the Spanish speaking countries of the Caribbean: Colombia, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, and Venezuela. It studies the development of the short story beginning with Indian legends recreated by Spaniards during the early colonial period. Examples of short stories written during the different literary movements are studied and analyzed. The relationship between the writer and society is analyzed as well as the common history, culture, and socio-economic problems which are reflected in each story. This course is taught in Spanish.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 439H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-439h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-439h.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002307",
    "code": "SPN 440",
    "title": "Spanish Lit of 20th & 21st Cen",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The major authors and literary movements of the 20th century in Spain are studied with emphasis on representative genres. Works of Unamuno, Ortega, Machado, Juan R. Jimenez, Salinas, Garcia Lorca, Cela and others are analyzed. Written and oral reports are required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 440",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002308",
    "code": "SPN 445",
    "title": "Col & 19th Cent Latin Amer Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course involves a chronological history of Spanish- American literature from the Colonial period to the 19th century. Readings include selections from el Inca Garcilaso, Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Sarmiento, Jose Hernandez, Palma, Marti, Dario and others. Written and oral reports are required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 445",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-445.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002309",
    "code": "SPN 450",
    "title": "Latin Amer Lit 20th & 21st Cen",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The major authors and literary movements of the late 19th and 20th centuries are studied. Works of Quiroga, Reyes, Neruda, Vallejo, Carpentier, Borges, Rulfo, Fuentes, Marques and others are analyzed. Written and oral reports are required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 450",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-450.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002310",
    "code": "SPN 450H",
    "title": "Latin AmerLit20th&21stCen(Hon)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The major authors and literary movements of the late 19th and 20th centuries are studied. Works of Quiroga, Reyes, Neruda, Vallejo, Carpentier, Borges, Rulfo, Fuentes, Marques and others are analyzed. Written and oral reports are required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 450H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-450h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-450h.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002311",
    "code": "SPN 455",
    "title": "Adv. Spanish Grammar & Comp.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course reviews advanced grammar and syntax and includes composition exercises, with emphasis on developing advanced oral and written proficiency in Spanish. Through the close analysis of texts on a wide range of cultural and social issues, students will learn strategies for writing organized, compelling essays.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 455",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-455",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-455.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002312",
    "code": "SPN 456",
    "title": "Advanced Spanish Composition",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The objective of this course is to continue developing advanced oral and written proficiency in Spanish through critical analysis of different texts covering a wide range of contemporary cultural and social issues. Emphasis is placed on writing persuasive and argumentative essays. Students are expected to keep a journal, a vocabulary log, actively participate in discussions in class, and write short essays. Readings, written work,and discussions will be in Spanish.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 456",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-456.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002313",
    "code": "SPN 460",
    "title": "Masculinities Latin Amer Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course studies the concept of masculinities and its representation in Latin American literature. It introduces students to the field of men studies and its intersections with feminist, postcolonial and queer theories. It examines hegemonic and alternative masculinities and their representation in literature taking into consideration race, nationalism, colonialism, and homosexuality. We will focus our study on the following questions: What does it mean to be a man? How has the conceptualization of masculinity developed and changed over time? What can literature tell us about gender, representation, and social construction in América Latina? What is hegemonic masculinity? How is it depicted and challenged by other gender constructions? Readings include novels, short stories, poems, films as well as theoretical readings of different disciplines such as sociology, psychology, and cultural anthropology. Class will be conducted in Spanish.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 460",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002314",
    "code": "SPN 461",
    "title": "LGBTQ+ Literature in Spanish",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to some of the most relevant LGBTQ+ literary works in Spanish from the last century. These readings will be presented within the historical context of Spanish and Latin American LGBTQ+ social and antidiscrimination movements as well as within the theoretical frame of queer theory and sexual and gender diversity. This course includes an audiovisual component, as students will be required to analyze movies and short films in connection with the readings and class discussions. All readings, written work, and discussions will be in Spanish.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 461",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-461.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002315",
    "code": "SPN 465",
    "title": "Introduction to Hispanic Civil",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to Hispanic Civilization",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 465",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-465.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002316",
    "code": "SPN 472",
    "title": "Lit/Cult/Civ Greater Antilles",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of the literature, culture and civilization of the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo, Haiti and Jamaica) geared to the understanding of their heritage as it is preserved by their languages and their artistic achievements. Readings are mainly in English; class discussions are in English, Spanish, and any other modern language.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 472",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-472",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-472.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002317",
    "code": "SPN 475",
    "title": "Latin Amer Heritage",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Latin Amer Heritage",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 475",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-475",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-475.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002318",
    "code": "SPN 476",
    "title": "Inter & Adv Span Abroad",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a study abroad course in which students will enhance their language skills and knowledge of a foreign culture through class meetings, seminars, and on-site visits to places of historic and cultural importance.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 476",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-476",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-476.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002319",
    "code": "SPN 480",
    "title": "Spn & Lat Text/Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to film adaptations of Spanish and Latin American novels, short stories, diaries and theater plays in the context of the literary and film debate: how does film \"translate\" text? Should the film be \"faithful\" to the text? If so, faithful to what aspects, plot dialogue, chronology, social and psychological and socioeconomic backgrounds will be included. Special attention will be given to the study of nationality, gender and sexual differences within Spanish and Latin American societies. Students will examine the connections between text and film, as well as the fundamentals of written and visual identification with the cinematic and textual apparatus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 480",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-480",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-480.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002320",
    "code": "SPN 480H",
    "title": "Spn & Lat Text/Film (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to film adaptations of Spanish and Latin American novels, short stories, diaries and theater plays in the context of the literary and film debate: how does film \"translate\" text? Should the film be \"faithful\" to the text? If so, faithful to what aspects, plot dialogue, chronology, social and psychological and socioeconomic backgrounds will be included. Special attention will be given to the study of nationality, gender and sexual differences within Spanish and Latin American societies. Students will examine the connections between text and film, as well as the fundamentals of written and visual identification with the cinematic and textual apparatus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 480H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-480h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-480h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002321",
    "code": "SPN 485",
    "title": "New York Literature in Spanish",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course consist of a survey of all literary production in Spanish created in New York from the 19th century to the present, mainly focusing on those authors who have lived and written here, whose work was influenced by the circumstance of coming and staying in this city and who are weaving the unique history of literature written in Spanish in New York. Readings and classwork will be conducted in Spanish.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002478",
      "bmcc-002480"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 485",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-485",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-485.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002322",
    "code": "SPN 490",
    "title": "Spanish in the US",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will familiarize students with the varieties of Spanish in the United States and their linguistic features. Students will learn about linguistic phenomena, such as language and dialectal contact, code-switching, and language maintenance by exploring Spanish-speaking communities in the United States. Students will examine the various historical, cultural, economic, and linguistic factors that influence the presence of the US dialect, as well as the effect of ideological and political issues on the linguistic spaces in which Spanish is used. In addition, students will discuss the status of Spanish within the frame of bilingual education in the US.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 490",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-490",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-490.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002323",
    "code": "SPN 490H",
    "title": "Spanish in the US (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will familiarize students with the varieties of Spanish in the United States and their linguistic features. Students will learn about linguistic phenomena, such as language and dialectal contact, code-switching, and language maintenance by exploring Spanish-speaking communities in the United States. Students will examine the various historical, cultural, economic, and linguistic factors that influence the presence of the US dialect, as well as the effect of ideological and political issues on the linguistic spaces in which Spanish is used. In addition, students will discuss the status of Spanish within the frame of bilingual education in the US.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 490H",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-490h",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-490h.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002324",
    "code": "SPN 495",
    "title": "SpcTpc Cari, Lat Am & Span Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This special topics course offers an in-depth exploration of selected themes, topics, movements, or authors in Caribbean, Latin American, and Spanish literary traditions. Through close reading and critical analysis of texts from diverse historical periods and cultural contexts, students will examine how literature reflects the craft of writing through different topics in time and how the creative task of writing addresses and shapes questions of identity, power, colonialism, migration, race, gender, and resistance. This course may include works from Latin America, the Caribbean, and Spain, and may be organized around a specific theme (such a decolonization, diaspora, or memory), genre (e.g., poetry, novel, testimonial), character (e.g., Don Juan or Celestina figures), or literary movement. Readings will be presented in Spanish. Students will engage with a range of critical approaches to literary study while developing skills in textual analysis, comparative interpretation, and academic writing. Particular attention will be given to the historical and cultural contexts that shape literary production, as well as to the ongoing relevance of these works in contemporary global and trinational discussions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 495",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-495",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-495.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002325",
    "code": "SPN 888",
    "title": "SPN Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "SPN Pending Transfer Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 888",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-888",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-888.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002326",
    "code": "SPN 901",
    "title": "Spn Directed Study",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Spn Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 901",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-901",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-901.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002327",
    "code": "SPN 902",
    "title": "Spn Directed Study",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Spn Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 902",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-902",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-902.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002328",
    "code": "SPN 903",
    "title": "Spn Directed Study",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Spn Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 903",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-903",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-903.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002329",
    "code": "SPN 904",
    "title": "SPN Directed Study",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "SPN Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 904",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-904",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-904.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002330",
    "code": "SPN 905",
    "title": "Spanish Directed Study",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Spanish Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 905",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-905",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-905.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002331",
    "code": "SPN 906",
    "title": "Spanish Directed Study",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Spanish Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 906",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-906",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-906.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002332",
    "code": "SPN 907",
    "title": "Spanish Directed Study",
    "credits": 7,
    "hours": 7,
    "description": "Spanish Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 907",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-907",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-907.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002333",
    "code": "SPN 908",
    "title": "Spn Directed Study",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Spn Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 908",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-908",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-908.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002334",
    "code": "SPN 909",
    "title": "Spanish Directed Study",
    "credits": 9,
    "hours": 9,
    "description": "Spanish Directed Study",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SPN 909",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-909",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/spn-909.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002335",
    "code": "SSC 1",
    "title": "Social Science Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Social Science Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SSC 1",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/ssc-1",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/ssc-1.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002336",
    "code": "SSC 2",
    "title": "Social Science Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Social Science Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SSC 2",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/ssc-2",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/ssc-2.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002337",
    "code": "SSC 3",
    "title": "Social Science Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Social Science Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SSC 3",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002338",
    "code": "SSC 150",
    "title": "Field Experience in Italy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers the student Social Science field experience in Italy. Orientation, seminars with guest lecturers, field trips to sites of historic interest, and cultural tours are an integral part of the travel program. The field experience base of operations is a university in Italy.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002480"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SSC 150",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/ssc-150",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/ssc-150.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002339",
    "code": "SSC 200",
    "title": "Field Exp In Italy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Field Exp In Italy",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SSC 200",
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    "id": "bmcc-002340",
    "code": "SSR 1",
    "title": "Social Service Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Social Service Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SSR 1",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/ssr-1.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002341",
    "code": "SSR 210",
    "title": "Field Experiment II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Field Experiment II",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SSR 210",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/ssr-210.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002342",
    "code": "STABD12",
    "title": "Study Abroad",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Study Abroad",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/STABD12",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002343",
    "code": "STABD 12",
    "title": "Study Abroad",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Study Abroad",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/STABD 12",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002344",
    "code": "THE 1",
    "title": "Theatre Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Theatre Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 1",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002345",
    "code": "THE 100",
    "title": "Introduction to Theatre",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The collaborative nature of the theatrical event will be explored in readings, play attendance, papers and creative projects. Contributions of the playwright, actor, director, designer, architect, critic, producer and audience will be investigated through selected periods, genres, theatre spaces and styles of production.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002464",
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 100",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002346",
    "code": "THE 100H",
    "title": "Intro To Theatre (Honors)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The collaborative nature of the theatrical event will be explored in readings, play attendance, papers and creative projects. Contributions of the playwright, actor, director, designer, architect, critic, producer and audience will be investigated through selected periods, genres, theatre spaces and styles of production.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 100H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002347",
    "code": "THE 101",
    "title": "Acting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to aid students in acquiring the necessary skills that comprise the basics of acting. Students develop an appreciation of drama as theatrical performance rather than literature. Scenes and one-act plays are studied.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 101",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002348",
    "code": "THE 102",
    "title": "Acting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course aims to facilitate further technical control in acting as well as offering intensive work in characterization. Scenes and full length plays are performed.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 102",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002349",
    "code": "THE 110",
    "title": "Acting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Basic acting skills, a method of approaching a role, a working vocabulary, and the responsibilities of the actor will be studied through improvisations, theatre games, and performance of monologues or scenes from plays and other dramatic material studied in class.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 110",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002350",
    "code": "THE 115",
    "title": "Voice & Movement",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "An introduction to voice and body work. Students will participate in warm-ups and excersizes that promote concentration, relaxation, trust, vocal resonance, physical flexibility and strength.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 115",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002351",
    "code": "THE 120",
    "title": "Elemts Pf Prod I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Elemts Pf Prod I",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 120",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002352",
    "code": "THE 121",
    "title": "Elements of Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of professional theatre production, including the basic skills and technical theories involved in scene design, stagecraft, stage properties, costuming, lighting, and sound. Physical theatre layout, crew organization and responsibilities, safety requirements, and practical experience in building and running a production will be taught. Students will serve on a crew for a BMCC theatre event.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002464",
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 121",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002353",
    "code": "THE 125",
    "title": "Scenic Practicum",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides practical training, working side-by- side with designers and technicians to build and run the current production. Focus is on scenic and prop creation, including an introduction to common tools and basic construction techniques with an emphasis on safety. The areas in which students gain experience are determined by their interest and availability.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 125",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002354",
    "code": "THE 126",
    "title": "Costume Practicum",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides practical training, working side-by- side with designers and technicians to build and run the current production. Focus is on costume technology and wardrobe crew. The areas a student gains experience are determined by their interest and availability.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 126",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002355",
    "code": "THE 127",
    "title": "Performance Practicum",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This variable topics course provides practical training in rehearsal, performance and production practices, including acting, stage management, and running crew. The play to be produced will be announced at registration. Enrollment is by audition only. Course may be taken up to three times for credit.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 127",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002356",
    "code": "THE 128",
    "title": "Special Topics Practicum",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This variable topics course provides practical training in an aspect of theatre production, such as lighting, scenic painting, or sound. The student will be introduced to the specialized tools and techniques of the topic, with an emphasis on safety. The major content of the course will focus on the needs of the current production, and the topic for each section announced at registration. May be taken for credit up to three times in three different topic areas.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 128",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002357",
    "code": "THE 130",
    "title": "Performance for Camera",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Performance for Camera",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 130",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002358",
    "code": "THE 140",
    "title": "Stage Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to help students develop the skills and knowledge essential to execute stage management duties in pre-production work, rehearsal and performance of theatrical productions. Students will examine dramatic texts from the perspective of the stage manager. The stage management skills gained will also provide practical insights into many fields, including film, television, special events, and any business where timely, effective communication and coordination between groups is essential.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 140",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002359",
    "code": "THE 141",
    "title": "Theatre Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Drawing from examples and occasional guest speakers from the New York theatre world, this course provides an introduction to the theory, principles and practices of theatre management. Students will create their own fictional theatre company, applying the principles of mission structure, and financial planning. Practical experience in management is gained through crew assignments. Oral and written presentations, resulting in a casework, aim to sharpen communication skills and prepare students for further study in theatre management.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 141",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002360",
    "code": "THE 150",
    "title": "Introduction to Theatre",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a conceptual rather than a chronological approach to the origins and influences of significant theatrical movements from classical theatre to contemporary European and American theatre. This study of playwrights, production history, schools of acting, and theatre criticism includes discussion of such figures as Euripides, Shakespeare, Betterton, Gordon Craig, Stanislavksi, Grotowski, Pinter, Le Roi Jones, and Brustein.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 150",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002361",
    "code": "THE 210",
    "title": "Acting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Continuation of methods and excersizes introduced in Acting I to develop the actor's skills, moving on to an in-depth study of scene analysis and characterization. Creating an ensemble and exposure to different historical periods will be emphasized.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 210",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-210.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002362",
    "code": "THE 215",
    "title": "Playwriting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Playwriting",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 215",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002363",
    "code": "THE 220",
    "title": "Page-to-Stage",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to give the student experience in all the aspects of bringing a play to production. As the play is cast, rehearsed, designed, built, advertised, and performed for an audience, students will learn about the responsibilities and collaboration between the different participants involved in theatre production. Studnts will have the opportunity to hone their acting skills, and must also contribute to at least one other aspect of the production.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 220",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002364",
    "code": "THE 222",
    "title": "Music Theatre: Act Song Lvl I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is the first level of a two-semester sequence in musical theatre singing performance skills. Students will be introduced to acting through song, correct vocal techniques and sound production. The interpretation of lyrics as well as the understanding of character, time period and musical style will be emphasized.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002482"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 222",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002365",
    "code": "THE 251",
    "title": "Theater Of Confront",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Theater Of Confront",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 251",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-251.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002366",
    "code": "THE 252",
    "title": "America On Stage",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "America On Stage",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 252",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-252.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002367",
    "code": "THE 254",
    "title": "Theatre Production",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Theatre Production",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 254",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-254",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-254.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002368",
    "code": "THE 255",
    "title": "Theater & Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Theater & Society",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 255",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-255.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002369",
    "code": "THE 256",
    "title": "Classic Greek Drama",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Classic Greek Drama",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 256",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-256.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002370",
    "code": "THE 257",
    "title": "Women In Drama Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Women In Drama Lit",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 257",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-257",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-257.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002371",
    "code": "THE 258",
    "title": "Theatre Externship",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students serve as interns in various elements of theatrical production. Technical skills in lighting, sound, scenery, and props are included as well as experience with box office, publicity, and promotion. Students are assigned to the BMCC Tribeca Performing Arts Center or other theatre companies in Manhattan.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 258",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-258",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-258.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002372",
    "code": "THE 260",
    "title": "Community Dramatics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Community Dramatics",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 260",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-260.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002373",
    "code": "THE 262",
    "title": "Elements of Play Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Elements of Play Writing",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 262",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-262.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002374",
    "code": "THE 271",
    "title": "Elem Production Ii",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Elem Production Ii",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 271",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-271",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-271.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002375",
    "code": "THE 280",
    "title": "Acting for the Camera",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will train the advanced acting student in natural. proficient acting for the camera. Techniques and acting methods will be taught in BMCC's state-ofthe-art studio; students will work in front of the camera and will be able to view their own performances on tape.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 280",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-280",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-280.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002376",
    "code": "THE 300",
    "title": "History of Theatre",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A survey of the world from its ritual origins to Jacobean England. Major periods explored through reading and viewing significant plays, study the sociological forces that led to different theatrical forms, theatre architecture, methods of production, playwrights and the relevance of these plays and theatrical forms today.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002480"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 300",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-300",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-300.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002377",
    "code": "THE 305",
    "title": "Women in American Theater",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores, analyzes, and examines women’s contribution to US-American theater, beginning with Colonial women up to contemporary women. The course will investigate how omen have contributed and continue to contribute as playwrights, actors, directors, managers, producers, and through women’s collectives to the evolution of US-American theater. Most materials are available to students without costs, through open source material, e-resources, or on reserve in the BMCC library.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 305",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-305",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-305.md"
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002378",
    "code": "THE 310",
    "title": "Advanced Theatre Workshop",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This studio course is designed to provide students with advanced creative techniques to deepen their skills as performers. Topics are presented by visiting theatre practitioners in a workshop series. Focus is on creating original work in the following areas: devised work, dance and movement for actors, and solo work. Exercises and improvisation are designed to enhance concentration, imagination, resonance, movement and will culminate into performances after each section. Students will create and workshop performances with a focus on learning new approaches to language, structure and movement. The course emphasizes the collaborative nature of theatre. Appropriate research and reading will be required in addition to artistic assignments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 310",
    "canonical_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-310",
    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-310.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002379",
    "code": "THE 315",
    "title": "Playwriting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The objective of THE 315: Playwriting is to sharpen students' creative writing skills and to teach them the elements of playwriting and character development. Through the reading of one-act plays and practice writing exercises each week, students will learn the craft of playwriting. They will write scenes and create their own one-act plays.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "bmcc-002497"
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 315",
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    "markdown_url": "/bmcc/courses/the-315.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "bmcc-002380",
    "code": "THE 324",
    "title": "Latin American Theatre & Perfo",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This survey course will look at major trends and directions in Latin American theatre by drawing on plays and performance ensembles of the mid-twentieth century to the present. We will look at the work of some of the most influential playwrights, directors, and ensembles as they grapple with their political, national, and cultural contexts, and discuss these artists' dual commitment to social conscience and artistic expression. We will read manifestoes and plays by many of Latin America's major playwrights and performing artists, as well as critical writing by scholars and historians. We will also engage with documentary films and videos of performances.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/THE 324",
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    "id": "bmcc-002381",
    "code": "THE 328",
    "title": "Acting: Solo Performance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The aim of this course is to develop students understanding of the history and practice of North American solo performance in the 20th and 21st centuries. Students will booth encounter various artists performance work via readings and archival video, and make their own performances throughout the course of the semester. The course will expand students knowledge of historical solo performances and both character driven and autobiographical performance. The course will also introduce students to the history of performance. The course will also introduce students to the history of performance art and ask them to contemplate its role in the history of solo performance.",
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    "id": "bmcc-002382",
    "code": "THE 331",
    "title": "Basic Stage Light",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Basic Stage Light",
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    "id": "bmcc-002383",
    "code": "THE 420",
    "title": "Theat & Tv Make-Up",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Theat & Tv Make-Up",
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    "id": "bmcc-002384",
    "code": "THE 888",
    "title": "THE Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "THE Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "id": "bmcc-002385",
    "code": "THE 901",
    "title": "The Directed Study",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-002386",
    "code": "THE 902",
    "title": "The Directed Study",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-002387",
    "code": "THE 903",
    "title": "The Directed Study",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The Directed Study",
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    "code": "THE 904",
    "title": "The Directed Study",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "The Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-002389",
    "code": "THE 905",
    "title": "THE Directed Study",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "THE Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-002390",
    "code": "THE 906",
    "title": "The Directed Study",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "The Directed Study",
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    "code": "THE 907",
    "title": "The Directed Study",
    "credits": 7,
    "hours": 7,
    "description": "The Directed Study",
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    "code": "THE 908",
    "title": "The Directed Study",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "The Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-002393",
    "code": "THE 909",
    "title": "The Directed Study",
    "credits": 9,
    "hours": 9,
    "description": "The Directed Study",
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    "id": "bmcc-002394",
    "code": "TRS 201",
    "title": "Intro Trans & Interpret Thry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this introductory course students learn about the processes and strategies of translation and interpretation as well as available resources. This course includes translation and interpretation ethics, types of translation and interpretation and the history of the profession. Students are introduced to the use of interpretation and translation in law, the health professions, and financial businesses. It also introduces terminology and resources that can be used in computer aided interpretation and translation. Students explore how computer-assisted interpretation and translation has affected the industry as they learn to use interpretation and translation tools and create lists of commonly used terminology. There is emphasis on interpretation and translation into the native language with some practice in the opposite direction.",
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    "id": "bmcc-002395",
    "code": "TRS 201H",
    "title": "Intro Trans & Interpret Thry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this introductory course students learn about the processes and strategies of translation and interpretation as well as available resources. This course includes translation and interpretation ethics, types of translation and interpretation and the history of the profession. Students are introduced to the use of interpretation and translation in law, the health professions, and financial businesses. It also introduces terminology and resources that can be used in computer aided interpretation and translation. Students explore how computer-assisted interpretation and translation has affected the industry as they learn to use interpretation and translation tools and create lists of commonly used terminology. There is emphasis on interpretation and translation into the native language with some practice in the opposite direction.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TRS 201H",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002396",
    "code": "TRS 202",
    "title": "Intro Trans & Interpret Prof",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "TRS 202 invites the student to continue her/his development as a Spanish-English and/or English-Spanish translator and interpreter to complement the theoretical and practical techniques developed in TRS 201 into the professional ambit; namely, healthcare, business/finance, and law. Aside from honing technique across languages as both an art and a science, students are introduced to cross-cultural considerations, ethics and best practices of both translation and interpretation.",
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    "id": "bmcc-002397",
    "code": "TRS 206",
    "title": "The Structure of the Spn Lang",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides students with a comprehensive overview and understanding of the grammatical components of the Spanish Language and sentence structure. The focus will include the morphological and syntactical structures of the Spanish Language. Building upon the fundamental grammatical features of Spanish, students will analyze, identify, and describe the standard structures of Spanish in a variety of texts. Further synthesizing and developing analytical skills, students will evaluate the grammaticality of the written work they produce, recognizing the importance of conveying messages with clarity and coherence of word choice and syntactic structure.",
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    "id": "bmcc-002398",
    "code": "TRS 233",
    "title": "Span Trans & Interpret Hltcare",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a theory based fully online course dealing with English-Spanish translation and interpretation for health care. As such, it addresses the communication needs in settings such as hospitals, clinics, physician’s offices, dental offices, outpatient facilities, pharmacies, etc. Among the topics or scenarios to be covered are: Spanish-speaking clients and their health; specialized terminology (e.g., anatomic, physiological, neurological, cardiovascular, oncological, obstetrical, orthopedic, medical instruments and devices); communication with administrative personnel (e.g., admission, payment, insurance); patient’s medical history (present illness and past history); personal, social and family history; the physical examination; emergency room; labor and delivery; surgery; medication and prescriptions; diet; treatments; drug overdose; patient instructions; dental visit and treatment; authorizations, consents and signature forms; and visits with different types of specialists (e.g., neurologist, orthopedist, cardiologist, psychiatrist).",
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    "id": "bmcc-002399",
    "code": "TRS 234",
    "title": "Spn Legal Trans & Interpret",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a theory-based course dealing with English-Spanish translation and interpretation for legal domain. The course will help students to translate and interpret legal texts and arguments, to write documents and to express themselves using legal vocabulary. The class will be taught in Spanish and will cover a broad mix of practical legal terminology, vocabulary and conversational skills. Special attention will be placed on the practice of writing to be used in law offices, courtrooms and similar settings. Translation and interpretation skills will be developed through forum discussions, reports and asynchronously activities using Voice Thread. In addition, the emphasis will be also placed on cultural issues that may affect successful interaction with Spanish-Speaking individuals and families faced with matters concerning the law.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "bmcc-002400",
    "code": "TRS 235",
    "title": "Spn Trans & Interpret for Busi",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a theory-based course dealing with English-Spanish translation and interpretation for financial/business domain. It will prepare students for successful communication in the Hispanic commercial world by building up on their existing knowledge and emphasizing practical, real-life use of oral and written Spanish. This course is designed to introduce students to essential business interpretation and translation using terminology and language situations in common business contexts, reinforcing strategies for understanding, interpreting, translating and responding to new information. This course will also help the student to be alert to the importance of cultural awareness in doing business in Spanish-speaking countries or with Hispanics in the United States.",
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    "id": "bmcc-002401",
    "code": "TRS 237",
    "title": "Editing for Translators",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course deepens students’ writing skills in Spanish so that they can become fully equipped to revise, edit, and proofread any text in Spanish, including translations prepared by themselves and by others. Texts used as sources to revise include material covering a wide range of social and cultural topics, encouraging the development of cross-cultural analytical and critical skills and refining their linguistic choices according to the target audience of a translated text and its social, cultural, and regional variations.Students will be able to develop knowledge and understanding of arts, humanities, and global perspectives via exposure to second-semester level readings in literature, culture, and history. As they pay close attention to punctuation, word choice, syntax, structure, style, tone, and register, students will develop their editing skills and polish all types of texts in order to make them clear, logical, and precise while ensuring that the full sense and spirit of the source text is rendered into the target text.",
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    "id": "bmcc-002402",
    "code": "TRS 238",
    "title": "Intro to Consec Intrpt Techn",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course deepens students’ oral and written skills in Spanish, including listening comprehension and speaking proficiency. As consecutive interpretation is a communicative activity that shapes, and is shaped by, the dynamics of cross-cultural mediation and encounters, this course enhances students’ exposure to and knowledge of global, cross-cultural communications.Further details: As students are introduced to the various techniques of consecutive interpretation, they engage in critical discourse analysis of ideas and semantics, organize meaning, and interpret idiomatic expressions while also expanding their knowledge of vocabulary belonging to a variety of social, cultural, regional, and professional linguistic contexts.",
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    "id": "bmcc-002403",
    "code": "TRS 345",
    "title": "Capstone-Translation/Interpret",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This capstone project in translation is designed, developed, and documented using an e-portfolio. The capstone project is done under instructor supervision and realized on a specialized area of translation according to the student's area of interest and language pair. The possible specializations include commercial, legal, or medical. Students need to combine the project with an internship or apprenticeship in an appropriate organization, such as a health center, courthouse, international corporation, governmental or non-governmental organization. Students must complete a project contract with the instructor prior to initiating the project and must keep a weekly journal on their e-portfolio.",
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    "id": "bmcc-002404",
    "code": "TTA 100",
    "title": "Tour Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Tour Management will introduce the students to the international aspects of tour planning and implementation. They will learn how to develop international travel programs including tour design, development and budgets, guiding, escorting, tour management and organization, ecotourism and adventure tourism. Students will travel to a country with travel and tourism professionals from the private and public sectors of this country. They will experience the cultural diversity of other countries and understand how they relate to tour management.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TTA 100",
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    "id": "bmcc-002405",
    "code": "TTA 200",
    "title": "Travel & Tourism",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides the student with a basic knowledge of travel and its various purposes: business, educational, cultural, therapeutic, recreational and family reasons. The factors affecting demand and supply are studied in detail. The final objective is for a student to acquire a thorough knowledge of \"Tourism\" embracing the foundations of transportation, accommodations, business and special activities which lure a person away from home.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TTA 200",
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    "id": "bmcc-002406",
    "code": "TTA 201",
    "title": "Travel Operations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to qualify individuals to obtain employment in airlines and steamship companies as travel consultants, reservation agents, and account representatives. In addition, this course is designed for students interested in working and eventually owning their own travel agency. Topics include air, rail and ship transportation systems; ticketing; sales methods; and travel agency financing.",
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    "id": "bmcc-002407",
    "code": "TTA 301",
    "title": "World Markets",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to analyze the environment within which international travel, tourism and commerce take place. The major purpose of this course is to study the markets of the world in order to develop marketing strategies and methods for travel and tourism. Differences among countries and peoples are presented in this context. Some of the specific topics covered are map study, international marketing, marketing research, logistics and economic profiles of countries.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TTA 301",
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    "id": "bmcc-002408",
    "code": "TTA 888",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "TTA Pending Transfer Credit",
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    "code": "TWKF 100",
    "title": "TAP for Workforce",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "TAP for Workforce",
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    "code": "ULTD 101",
    "title": "CUNY Unlimited",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "CUNY Unlimited is a credential program in development through a grant partnership with the University of Rochester, AHRC NYC, and the NYC Department of Education. Students currently enrolled in model demonstration programs at five CUNY campuses prepare for employment by participating in academic courses, co-curricular activities, and vocational experiences aligned with their interests.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002411",
    "code": "URB 1",
    "title": "Urban Studies Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Urban Studies Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-002412",
    "code": "URB 100",
    "title": "Introduction to Urban Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Urban Studies is an interdisciplinary field that introduces students to a variety of topics and issues in urban community development. Through a variety of lenses which draw on sociology, economics, political science, and anthropology students will learn how to analyze our global economy and culture. In this class students learn where cities come from, how they grow, thrive, and decline, how they are organized, how urban problems arise, how they have been previously addressed, and how to plan cities of the future. Students will study and learn about topics that are frequently the subject of debates on urban life such as diversity, poverty, sustainability, segregation, environmental change, underemployment, gentrification, homelessness, community planning, health services, and urban politics.",
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    "program_ids": [
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    "id": "bmcc-002413",
    "code": "URB 120",
    "title": "Discover Role Am Civ Life NYC",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The American national narrative proclaims democracy and freedom as universalrights—yet throughout history, these ideals have not been equally accessible to all.Today, as questions of birthright citizenship, democratic participation, human rights,and justice dominate public discourse, we find ourselves, again, at a crossroads. Ourcountry continues to decide who counts as an American and to whom the full promisesof democracy should be extended. In this course, we will examine the evolving idealsof American civic life through the lens of New York City—a metropolis shaped bywaves of migration, activism, exclusion, and belonging. We will explore how thepromise of equality has been both extended and denied to various communities, andhow civic knowledge can empower us to build a more inclusive, just, and harmonioussociety. We will use fundamental questions to help us understand our experiences androle in civic life. How has our nation, founded on the promise of equality, evolved andchanged with time to provide greater access to larger groups of people and to get closer to the promises of the Declaration? How can civic knowledge help create a nation ofgreater belonging, justice, and inclusion? Together, we will navigate the tensions andpossibilities of civic life as we seek to understand our place in New York City and in thenation we call home.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/URB 120",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002414",
    "code": "URB 300",
    "title": "Special Topics in Urban Stud",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "More than half of earth’s people currently reside in urban settlements, and that figure is projected to grow. Urban life presents unique opportunities and challenges. This course will focus in-depth on a particular topic related to urban life, from a variety ofperspectives in the social sciences including Sociology, Political Science, and Criminal Justice. The topic may change each semester, and will be announced in advance. Possible topics include: Contemporary Urban Problems; Government, Politics, and the Policy-Making Process; and Community Organizing and Community Organizations. Students might also get an opportunity to intern at a local organization or public office.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/URB 300",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002415",
    "code": "VAT 1",
    "title": "Video Arts and Technology Elec",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Video Arts and Technology Elective",
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    "id": "bmcc-002416",
    "code": "VAT 100",
    "title": "Intro to Video Tech",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explains how video technology works and how that technology is put into practice to create video content. It covers the fundamentals of contemporary media technology including understanding video image formation, data compression,as well as picture and sound generation and manipulation. Lab exercises introduce students to the operations of cameras, videorecording systems, lighting instruments, microphones and the uses of SMPTE Time Code. Students also learn basic practical and aesthetic concepts of filmmaking by pre-producing and filming inclass exercises.",
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    "id": "bmcc-002417",
    "code": "VAT 101",
    "title": "Intro Video Tech w/ Learn Lab",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course explains how video technology works. It covers the fundamentals of contemporary media technology including understanding video image formation, data compression, picture and sound generation and manipulation, and the impact of new technologies, such as HD-TV and P2P. Lab exercises introduce students to the operations of cameras, video-recording systems, microphones, and the uses of SMPTE Time Code. Students also examine systems for delivering media to the viewer, including webcast, broadcast, and satellite and cable distribution.",
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    "id": "bmcc-002418",
    "code": "VAT 150",
    "title": "Corporate Media Applications",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the many industrial applications of the state-of-the-art media. New technologies and current industrial communication problems are covered. Students study the history of modern communications and each student is given a glossary of technical terms. The course covers corporate needs for artists, designers, photographers, camera operators, video-technicians, multi-image programmers, lighting technicians, and film and video editors.",
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      "bmcc-002464"
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    "id": "bmcc-002419",
    "code": "VAT 151",
    "title": "Script to Screen",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This coursse will cover all aspects of the pre-production phase of media production. Students will learn how to write treatments and scripts for documentary and news formats, corporate and industrial videos, public service announcements, commercials, screenplays and teleplays. The course will also cover such aspects of pre-production as script breakdown, budgeting, scheduling, crew hiring, equipment rental and securing locations.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VAT 151",
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    "id": "bmcc-002420",
    "code": "VAT 152",
    "title": "Intro Contemp Media",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to varied applications of contemporary media in business, entertainment, and the public sector. Students study the processes of media production, the systems for media distribution, and the roles of media professionals. The course surveys the history of modern communications and the terminology of the media industry. Students examine the complex connections between technology, content, style, and audience response in the creation of media productions.",
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VAT 152",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002421",
    "code": "VAT 153",
    "title": "Script Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on writing treatments and scripts for the screen and video. Students learn the basics of visualizing narratives in 3-act structure; how to identify fiction and non-fiction genres; how to create character and story; how to research and write treatments and outlines; how to write single-column screenplays for narratives and two-column scripts for documentary scripts; and how to give and receive critiques on script work. Throughout, students will develop the basic skills necessary to write and revise scripts for upper-level VAT production classes and beyond.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002422",
    "code": "VAT 160",
    "title": "Studio Prod Bus I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a \"hands-on\" course designed to teach students every aspect of studio television production. Students learn how to produce industrial videotapes for: training programs, corporate \"news\" shows, public service television spots, point-of-purchase productions, executive communications messages, new product introductions, management seminars, and sales incentive programs. Instruction is given in basic production skills such as the operation of: cameras, studio lighting, audio switcher/fader, slide and motion picture film chain, and special effects generator. Students perform the basic functions of a T.V. studio director, floor manager and technical director.",
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    "id": "bmcc-002423",
    "code": "VAT 161",
    "title": "TV Studio Production I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to all aspects of basic studio television production. Students produce multi-camera TV programs in a fully equipped TV studio. Students learn to perform the functions of a director, floor manager, camera operator, audio engineer, lighting director, and technical director.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002424",
    "code": "VAT 165",
    "title": "Sound Perf/D Med I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the use of audio technology in theatre, television, motion pictures and multimedia. Students will be introduced to the fundamental principles of acoustics and sound recording. Tools, such as various mixing boards, microphones and recorders, will be introduced in the context of theatrical and television production. Sound design for live venues and multimedia presentations will be introduced as well. Assignments will include practical exercises. Lab assignments are required.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002425",
    "code": "VAT 170",
    "title": "Remte Prod/Vid Ed 1",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn how to produce, shoot, and edit industrial videotapes on campus, using 1/2'' and 3/4'' equipment. Productions include pre-planned, scripted projects as well as use of interview techniques and electronic news gathering.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002426",
    "code": "VAT 171",
    "title": "Remt Prod/Vid Edi I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students in this course write, produce, film, direct, and edit original projects as they learn directing and editing concepts and skills for both fiction and non-fiction digital filmmaking. Emphasis is given to post-production techniques, from basic video and audio editing to final exporting. The class is taught in a state-of-the-art digital lab using industry-standard software. This course builds upon the knowledge that students acquired in VAT 100-Introduction to Video Technology and MES 153- Script Writing, including the fundamentals of writing, directing, camera operation, lighting and sound recording.",
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    "id": "bmcc-002427",
    "code": "VAT 260",
    "title": "Stud Tv Prod II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This \"hands-on\" course is designed to further teach students all aspects of studio television production. Students learn how to produce industrial videotapes for training programs, corporate \"news\" shows, public service television spots, point-of-purchase productions, executive communications messages, new product introductions, management seminars, and sales incentive programs. In addition, each student learns to create, develop, and produce programming for cable television.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002428",
    "code": "VAT 261",
    "title": "TV Studio Production II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course builds upon VAT 161 and focuses on the skills needed to successfully plan and complete a multi-camera professional studio production. Students master the techniques and workflow required to produce programming according to industry standards and practices.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002429",
    "code": "VAT 265",
    "title": "Sound Perf/D Med II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course concentrates on the post-production aspects of audio production. Sound effects editing, Automatic Dialogue Replacement (ADR), Foley editing and music replacement will be covered in the context of television and motion picture post-production. Mastering of recordings for distribution will also be covered. Students will be expected to work on projects using media server technology, allowing for simultaneous picture and sound editing. Collaborative projects will also be included. Lab assignments are required.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002430",
    "code": "VAT 270",
    "title": "Remote Prod/Video Editing II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Advanced students in corporate and cable communications learn videotape editing on 3/4\" videotape cassette equipment. In order to assemble sequences into a coherent story, students learn how to remove extraneous material and build a structure through careful selection of shots and points of edit. Two videotape recorders (VTR's) and the latest editing decks are used in this course.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002431",
    "code": "VAT 271",
    "title": "Remote Prod/Video Editing II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course builds upon VAT 171. It reinforces the skills needed to successfully plan, shoot, edit, and refine remote video productions. The course includes advanced techniques in digital cinematography, digital editing and audio and visual effects.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VAT 271",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002432",
    "code": "VAT 302",
    "title": "Lighting for Television",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will cover the fundamentals of lighting for television. Students will learn the principals of lighting techniques and study the various types of instruments and peripherals used. Besides lectures, there will be hands-on demonstrations both in the studio and on location.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VAT 302",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002433",
    "code": "VAT 303",
    "title": "Cinematography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course teaches students about the art and techniques of digital cinematography. Topics are: the use of studio and remote digital video cameras; lighting for digital cinematography; camera movement, camera angles, continuity, and composition; interpreting a director's vision; and digital workflow. Throughout the course, the history and art of cinematography is explored through screenings, text and other analyses.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VAT 303",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002434",
    "code": "VAT 310",
    "title": "Experimental Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will explore the use of moving pictures (film, video, and digital) as a form of expression and as an innovative means to strengthen media literacy utilizing both narrative and non-narrative strategies. Noteworthy works from the annals of avant-garde film and video will be screened and reviewed as a basis for the concepts and techniques that will be employed. The course includes advanced techniques in digital cinematography, digital editing and audio and visual effects. The hands-on video projects for this course include the Experimental Expeditioncollaboration, the Abstract Expressionist, Structural, and the Word and Image Interaction videos.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VAT 310",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002435",
    "code": "VAT 311",
    "title": "Directing Actors for Camera",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Directing Actors for Camera focuses on directors working with actors and actors working with directors on preparing and presenting scenes in both three-camera and single camera environments. Working in actors enrolled in a simultaneously scheduled section of THE 280 Acting for the Camera, directors will audition/cast, prepare/rehearse, and direct/perform three scenes that present increasing levels of complexity that will then be edited and presented on video. Classes will be conducted in fully equipped production spaces utilizing professional cameras and editing suites. Students’ work is screened, discussed and critiqued to deepen their understanding of the art and craft of directing/being directed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VAT 311",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002436",
    "code": "VAT 312",
    "title": "Multi-Camera Remote Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "VAT 312 is a Multi-Camera Television Field Production class designed to further develop students' growth as television producers, directors and crew members. Building on skills developed in VAT 161, the course combines theoretical, practical, and intuitive approaches to aesthetic, organizational, and ethical problems specific to the production of televised event coverage as found throughout the broadcast industry. Students will be exposed to a range of creative and technical challenges associated with live remote production. Communication protocols, multi-camera switching, graphic design and production, audio aesthetics and engineering systems integration are the primary areas of concentration.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002437",
    "code": "VAT 313",
    "title": "Documentary Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the art and craft of documentary filmmaking. A focus on analyzing non-fiction filmmaking history, storytelling techniques, genres, approaches, and current practices will take place throughout the semester. Students will learn about documentary proposal research and writing, budgeting, pre-production, production, and editing as they develop and write a proposal and produce, shoot, edit, and revise a short documentary video project for use in their portfolios.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VAT 313",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002438",
    "code": "VAT 888",
    "title": "VAT Pending Transfer Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "VAT Pending Transfer Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://bmcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VAT 888",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002439",
    "code": "WLI 300",
    "title": "Internship Lang & Glob Comp",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The objective of this internship course is to allow students with career paths related to World Languages, International Studies, and Translation and Interpretation to put classroom theory and language skills into practice in a professional setting to gain work experience and develop new proficiencies. Students are expected to plan, reflect, evaluate, and build upon their experiential experience in collaboration with their course instructor and on-site advisor. As part of this course, each student-intern will dedicate 10-12 hours a week to working with internship partner (partner), homework related to the internship, evaluations, assessments, and related actions as determined by instructor & partner for the length of the semester.",
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  {
    "id": "bmcc-002440",
    "code": "WLI 300H",
    "title": "Internship Lang&Glob Comp(Hon)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The objective of this internship course is to allow students with career paths related to World Languages, International Studies, and Translation and Interpretation to put classroom theory and language skills into practice in a professional setting to gain work experience and develop new proficiencies. Students are expected to plan, reflect, evaluate, and build upon their experiential experience in collaboration with their course instructor and on-site advisor. As part of this course, each student-intern will dedicate 10-12 hours a week to working with internship partner (partner), homework related to the internship, evaluations, assessments, and related actions as determined by instructor & partner for the length of the semester.",
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]