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    "code": "ACCT 121",
    "title": "Principles of Accounting I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course is the first in a two-part sequence that introduces financial accounting from a user's perspective. It introduces financial statements prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles based on the US Financial Accounting Standards Board's rules. Students will learn about the mechanics and meaning of different forms of accounting and accounting issues related to accruals and assets. They will also study the performance of major New York-based for-profit businesses and not-for-profit organizations as revealed in their financial statements.",
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    "id": "guttman-000002",
    "code": "ACCT 223",
    "title": "Principles of Accounting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is the second course in a two-part sequence. Building on Principles of Accounting I, it further develops issues related to accounting for assets and liabilities. Students learn the accounting meaning of equity and its significance to a business. They add to their knowledge of financial statements by learning how to analyze and interpret the information contained therein.",
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    "id": "guttman-000003",
    "code": "ACCT 230",
    "title": "Financial Accounting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course serves as an overview of the fundamental concepts and principles relating to the study of financial accounting. These include the theories behind and applications of financial reports, as well as the financial organization and operations of a business. Specific topics covered in Financial Accounting I include financial statement analysis, valuation procedures, short-term and long-term measurement, inventory cost, and the time value of money, and the application of these concepts in making business decisions.",
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    "id": "guttman-000004",
    "code": "ACCT 240",
    "title": "Financial Accounting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is the second in the Financial Accounting sequence. It continues and builds on ACCT 230. The topics in ACCT 240 include an in-depth analysis of the measurement and reporting requirements of both the US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and International Financial Reporting Standards for the preparation of a complete set of financial statements (Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Stockholders? Equity, and Statement of Cash Flows). In addition, the course covers the impacts of accounting for income taxes, pensions, leases, stockholders? equity and accounting changes in financial statements, investment, earning per shar as well as an analytical review of financial statements",
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    "id": "guttman-000005",
    "code": "ACCT 299",
    "title": "Accounting Elective Credit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Accounting Elective Credit",
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    "code": "ACCT 299R",
    "title": "Accounting Elective Review",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Accounting Elective Credit Review",
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    "code": "AMST 103",
    "title": "Introduction to Social Justice",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Using the promise of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness to prompt the discussion about rights and equality in US society, this interdisciplinary course provides an introduction to social justice theory and practices. Students examine and conduct research on significant social justice issues in the United States today through an integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The course focuses on systems of discrimination and oppression, methods and communities of resistance, and transformative visions of democracy and freedom, with emphasis on how current conditions impact students’ lives and local communities. Through project- and inquiry-based learning, students will practice implementing and integrating qualitative and quantitative methods to explore course material.",
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    "id": "guttman-000008",
    "code": "AMST 203",
    "title": "Civic Engagement in a Global S",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will explore global social movements and multiple approaches toward social change using a comparative approach. Students will conduct interdisciplinary research on U.S. culture and history in a global context. Students will identify and analyze various methods of civic engagement, advocacy, and activism, focusing on individuals who act, organizations that mobilize action, and contexts change on the local and global scale. The course highlights the roles of students themselves as civic actors and agents of change, within their educational setting, the communities to which they belong, and the world at large. Through project- and inquiry-based learning, students will practice implementing and integrating quantitative and qualitative research methods into action plans that address injustice and conflict.",
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    "id": "guttman-000009",
    "code": "AMST 299R",
    "title": "AMST Elective Reviewed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "AMST Elective Reviewed",
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    "code": "ANTH 101",
    "title": "Intro to Cultural Anthropology",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the field of cultural anthropology. Anthropology is the study of humanity, past and present, but it is also a set of tools and a way of knowing that helps us make sense of the world. Cultivating an anthropological perspective means developing a sense of curiosity about how cultures came to be, what the meaning, benefits and consequences of particular cultural beliefs and practices are, and what alternatives exist. Studying anthropology helps us begin to see that there is no one way to be human and that one of the great strengths of humanity is our ability to adapt.",
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    "code": "ANTH 201",
    "title": "Urban Anthro Poverty/Affluence",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will investigate the ways in which cities are places of economic and political opportunity for some and of deprivation, discrimination, violence, and impoverishment for others. By reading ethnographies, we will explore different theories of urban poverty and inequality and examine the impact of immigration, racial segregation, suburbanization, public policies, and social movements on U.S. cities and their inhabitants. The class will pay special attention to the existence of inequalities based on race, class, gender and sexuality and will analyze proposals to reduce these inequalities.",
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    "id": "guttman-000012",
    "code": "ANTH 227",
    "title": "Sexuality/Gender in Urban Life",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the social construction of gender and sexuality throughout history and across cultures as a part of the urban experience. From the historical shifts in the organization of marriage and reproduction, social mores about homosexuality and gender variance, and cross-cultural narratives of sex taboos and allowances, we examine theories and examples to understand gender and sexuality as central aspects of the urban experience. Our coursework will blend historical analysis, current events, and guest speakers on topics such as the history of the gay and lesbian experience in New York City, the current and policing of domestic violence, gender roles and parenting, the movement for transgender rights, and public health and HIV/AIDS.",
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    "code": "ANTH 299",
    "title": "Anthropology Elective Credit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Anthropology Elective Credit",
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    "code": "ANTH 299R",
    "title": "Anthropology Elective Reviewed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Anthropology Elective Credit Reviewed",
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    "code": "ART 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Studio Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to Studio Art introduces students to a variety of conceptual and material approaches involved with making art. Students will develop visual and cultural literacy as they learn about the working processes and lives of artists from diverse backgrounds. They will then apply basic studio art techniques in a variety of media to experiment with projects of their own design that are inspired by the artists introduced in the course. To expose students to new ways of creating art, each project will introduce different materials. Projects may include drawing, collage, found objects, performance, digital imaging, photography, sound, and/or video. As students work on projects, they will be guided to deepen their understanding of the creative process and reflect on how it is also important to creative and professional fields of interest to them. No prior experience with art or related talent will be necessary for success in the course.",
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    "id": "guttman-000016",
    "code": "ART 120",
    "title": "Perspectives in Photography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Perspectives in Photography is an introduction to photography as a medium capable of documenting the world, critiquing it, and synthesizing new creative ideas. Students will learn about a variety of genres and conceptual approaches to photography through the lives and creative processes of artists from diverse backgrounds. Cell phone and/or DSLR cameras will be utilized to create photographic projects in a variety of genres (portraiture, still-life, documentary, etc.) while applying basic concepts of lighting, composition, and editing. Students will learn about how meaning is created through imagery and participate in that process. By the end of the course, they will achieve basic visual literacy in terms of learning to “read” an image and understand the creative decisions that are part of generating powerful photographs. As a result, students will be equipped to critically navigate and produce meaningful content for an increasingly image-saturated world.",
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    "id": "guttman-000017",
    "code": "ART 140",
    "title": "Music of the Diaspora",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores how music travels across the world through diaspora communities, and how culture evolves as it follows people who have left their original homelands. Diaspora in this course includes people dispersed voluntarily or by forces outside of their control, permanently or temporarily, and over one or more generations. Drawing on materials including readings, documentary films, audio recordings, and performance videos, the course seeks to address questions such as: How does music make people feel at home in new locations? What impact does diaspora have on attitudes about authenticity in culture? How is musical style affected by new social and political contexts?",
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    "id": "guttman-000018",
    "code": "ART 200",
    "title": "The Arts in New York City",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The Arts in New York City introduces students to a range of artistic forms, venues, media, and movements in the arts mecca that is New York City. In this semester long course, students will be exposed to visual and performance arts as well as public, private, and community-based arts institutions. They will explore a broad range of art forms through texts, images, and experiential components (visits to museums, art walks, film screenings). Students will be introduced to and develop visual literacy skills by closely and carefully examining works of art, discussing their observations, and supporting their views using evidence from the art works. Students will develop the critical visual literacy skills needed to discuss meaning and interpretation, audience, source, access, and the impact of works of art on the individual. Course assignments include interpretation, analysis, and synthesis of creative work of many forms.",
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    "id": "guttman-000019",
    "code": "ART 299R",
    "title": "Arts Elective Reviewed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Arts Elective Reviewed",
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    "id": "guttman-000020",
    "code": "BIOL 122",
    "title": "Intro to Bio: Earth & Env Sci",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This introductory course will provide students with an understanding of the dynamics, evolution, and change of the Earth's biosphere from its origins, to the present, and into the future. Students will explore the relationships between the solar system's formation, planetary processes, and life today, while considering their impact on life in New York City. This all laboratory class will provide field observation and data collection experiences that include research practices focusing on observing, describing and analyzing various aspects of our biosphere.",
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    "id": "guttman-000021",
    "code": "BIOL 211",
    "title": "General Biology I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "The course will introduce students to a basic description of living organisms, how they are classified and how they evolved and continue to evolve over time. Students will also learn the characteristics of the major taxonomic groups, with particular attention to plants and animals and their interactions with the physical environment. In the laboratory component, students will gain hands-on experience on how to identify and observe different forms of life using modern biological techniques. This course has a mandatory lecture and lab component.",
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    "id": "guttman-000022",
    "code": "BIOL 212",
    "title": "Human Biology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to biological concepts focusing on the structures of the human body and their functions. Specifically, students will learn about human tissues, organs and organ systems. The course has a lab component.",
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    "id": "guttman-000023",
    "code": "BIOL 221",
    "title": "General Biology II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to topics in cellular and molecular biology. Students will learn about the structure and function of the life-essential macromolecules, the structure and physiology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, with a focus on the mechanisms of DNA replication, transcription and translation. Genetics will be explored, including the relationship between DNA sequences and the way organisms look and function. In the laboratory component, students will participate in inquiry-based research to explore principals of cellular and molecular biology. This course has a mandatory lecture and lab component.",
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    "id": "guttman-000024",
    "code": "BIOL 231",
    "title": "Microbiology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course introduces students to basic concepts specific to microbial structure/function, metabolism, regulation and growth. In Microbiology, students will explore the structure, function, and taxonomy of microbes, including bacteria and viruses, and their relationships to health and disease. In the laboratory component, students will participate in research projects that explore topics essential to understanding and exploring the microbial world. This course has a mandatory lecture and lab component.",
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    "id": "guttman-000025",
    "code": "BIOL 251",
    "title": "Genetics",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is recommended for students who wish to pursue a degree in the biological sciences and/or professional school (ie. medical school, pharmacy school). Students who take this course will gain an understanding of the principles of heredity, including gene transmission, mutation, recombination and function. The course will use current issues in genetics research to explore ethical issues related to the use of genetics in modern medicine.",
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    "id": "guttman-000026",
    "code": "BIOL 260",
    "title": "Cell Biology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Cell Biology is the study of the structure and function of the cells. Topics covered in this course include membrane structure, function, transport, and trafficking, the cytoskeleton, how cells move, the generation of energy and the breakdown of macromolecules as well as the integration of cells into tissues. We will also cover important cellular processes such as cell cycle regulation, signal transduction and cancer cell biology. In this lab and lecture course, students will conduct research experiments that bring theory to practice.",
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    "code": "BIOL 299",
    "title": "Biology Elective Credit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Biology Elective Credit",
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    "code": "BIOL 299R",
    "title": "Biology Elective Credit Review",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Biology Elective Credit Reviewed",
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    "id": "guttman-000029",
    "code": "BUSI 102",
    "title": "Introduction to Business",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers a broad survey of business within the U.S. economic framework. It explores interrelationships between business, government and labor; elements of business organization; the functions of management, marketing, finance, production, globalization, and the role of business organizations in contemporary society in a socially responsible way. The course uses different types of businesses that are represented in New York City to illustrate the concepts taught in the classroom. Throughout the semester students will research one publicly traded company; part of the grade will be based on a portfolio that profiles that company and correlates to the relevant topics discussed in class.",
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    "id": "guttman-000030",
    "code": "BUSI 154",
    "title": "Business Communications",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course analyzes elements in the communication process in a professional setting and introduces students to business letters, reports, and memoranda, as well as the use of technology in the presentation and communication process. It strengthens students' ability to express themselves in these forms as well as verbally in meetings and other business situations. Students practice collecting, analyzing and presenting data, developing visuals and planning and organizing information. Discussions include interpersonal communication, effective listening, working in teams and communicating for a diverse audience.",
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    "id": "guttman-000031",
    "code": "BUSI 201",
    "title": "Business Law & Ethics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides students with an understanding of the nature of law and its role in business. Given the importance of New York City both as a global financial center and the home of some of the country's major law firms, the course also introduces the interrelationships between law, regulations and business practices in the City. It examines what businesses can do legally to be profitable and what they should do ethically to make the City a better place for all its residents.",
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    "id": "guttman-000032",
    "code": "BUSI 204",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Project Manage",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Projects are often defined by their scope, timeline and dedicated resources; planning, organizing and delivering a project within these constraints requires specific skills. This course will emphasize elements of project planning and control, with attention to such areas as setting objectives, budgeting, sequences and schedules, project documents, quality assurance. A software application will be used for a class project to demonstrate fundamental practices in the field.",
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    "id": "guttman-000033",
    "code": "BUSI 206",
    "title": "Quantitative Methds for Manag",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on applying quantitative reasoning skills and statistical methods of data analysis to a wide range of business decisions as well as examining the significance of these choices. Students will become proficient in predictive analytics and modeling, using case studies and applying techniques of multiple regression. They will learn and apply variation, interpretation of models and model output, building models using spreadsheets, and testing regression assumptions. Course activities include writing about analytics, producing sample models, and interpreting quantitative information to understand the effective use of data in business management decisions. Students will leave the course prepared for subsequent exploration in fields such as operations and supply chain management, finance, economics, and actuarial science.",
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    "id": "guttman-000034",
    "code": "BUSI 208",
    "title": "Marketing Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Marketing aims to build, strengthen, and grow the customer base of a business and is thus vital for a business to generate revenues and profits. In this course you will become familiar with different aspects of marketing and with their connection to other functional areas of a business in pursuit of the overarching goal of profit maximization. Additionally, you will apply these concepts to examine and evaluate their use by actual businesses, small and large.",
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    "id": "guttman-000035",
    "code": "BUSI 210",
    "title": "Intro Intl Busi Managmt",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Given the international nature of businesses, it is important to explore this aspect of their operations. This course extends the study of business to this international context, which is different from domestic markets and necessitates adaptation because of its ever-changing nature. The course examines business functions, including trade, investment, marketing, financing, and operations and extends them to address what it takes for businesses to thrive in a global market.",
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    "id": "guttman-000036",
    "code": "BUSI 212",
    "title": "Business Communications",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Effectve communication is vital to the success of any enterprise This course is designed to equip students with the skills and knowledge to communicate professionally in business settings. It aims to strengthen students’ abilities to express ideas in diverse media and formats. Throughout the course, students will explore the principles of effective communication, with a focus on verbal, written, and non-verbal techniques for producing clear and persuasive messages tailored to specific audiences. Specific topics covered include business writing (including emails, memos, presentations, and reports), presentation skills, intercultural communication, and active listening techniques. The course will also explore digital communication and the use of social media for professional purposes, along with effective crisis communication. Throughout, there will be an emphasis on ethical considerations in business communications, and on the importance of reviewing, revising and editing one’s work prior to forwarding/presenting it to the intended audience. Students will apply their knowledge, through practice, feedback and exploration of real-world cases.",
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    "id": "guttman-000037",
    "code": "BUSI212",
    "title": "Business Communications",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Effectve communication is vital to the success of any enterprise This course is designed to equip students with the skills and knowledge to communicate professionally in business settings. It aims to strengthen students’ abilities to express ideas in diverse media and formats. Throughout the course, students will explore the principles of effective communication, with a focus on verbal, written, and non-verbal techniques for producing clear and persuasive messages tailored to specific audiences. Specific topics covered include business writing (including emails, memos, presentations, and reports), presentation skills, intercultural communication, and active listening techniques. The course will also explore digital communication and the use of social media for professional purposes, along with effective crisis communication. Throughout, there will be an emphasis on ethical considerations in business communications, and on the importance of reviewing, revising and editing one’s work prior to forwarding/presenting it to the intended audience. Students will apply their knowledge, through practice, feedback and exploration of real-world cases.",
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    "id": "guttman-000038",
    "code": "BUSI 243",
    "title": "Business Administration Intern",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course comprises two complementary components: a professional experience and a series of classroom discussions. In-class examinations of aspects of business performance and professionalism will inform reflections of students’ experience at their workplace. They will help students develop a trajectory for professional development and career planning and serve as the focus of evaluating how external factors and broader economic events, trends and policies affect the workplace and connect to their lives. The professional experience part of the course requires 120 hours of work spread over the course of the semester, averaging about 10 hours per week. During this time, students observe their workplace, and their own place and performance in it. In tandem with discussion of characteristics that contribute to professionalism and career readiness, students examine and reflect on their own strengths and areas of growth vis-à-vis broadly defined professional competencies. The work experience further connects to the content of the course by making the organization where the student is working the focus of analysis related to performance metrics in functional areas of business.",
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    "id": "guttman-000039",
    "code": "BUSI 298",
    "title": "Independent Study",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Independent Study courses at Guttman Community College are courses that go beyond those regularly offered by the college. These courses will feature individual design and initiative on the part of the student and will be focused on a unique academic project or exploration not addressed by regularly scheduled courses at the college.Guidelines for eligibility for Independent Study: - These courses maybe taken by individual students or by a small group of students not to exceed four students. - The students must have completed the First Year Experience Core courses and have a minimum GPA of 2.5. - This course will normally be developed by the student(s) and the faculty member working together, they can be designed for anywhere from 1 to 3 credit hours and should use the guideline that each credit hour earned (in a twelve-week session) should require approximately 3 hours per week of work on the part of the student (including meeting with the faculty member and working independently). - The form for independent study must be completed, approved, and filed with the registrar prior to the end of the academic session previous to which the work will be completed.",
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    "id": "guttman-000040",
    "code": "BUSI 299",
    "title": "Business Elective Credit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Business Elective Credit",
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    "id": "guttman-000041",
    "code": "BUSI 299R",
    "title": "Business Elective Reviewed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Business Elective Credit Reviewed",
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    "id": "guttman-000042",
    "code": "CDSK 101",
    "title": "CD/SEEK Summer Program",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Through the College Discovery Summer Program or College Discovery Summer Experience students are informed about essential academic policy and procedures and learn academic and personal success skills. Through a variety of workshops students will develop a relationship with a College Discovery counselor and build community with other CD/SEEK students.",
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    "id": "guttman-000043",
    "code": "CFELA 10",
    "title": "College Focus ELA",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "The College Focus: Reading and Writing course has been designed to prepare high school seniors for an introductory college-level course, as well as for the CUNY placement exams in reading and writing. It is offered to students who, based on their Regents and/or SAT scores, are on-track for high school graduation but are not qualified for college-level work. Without an early intervention, they are likely to need remedial education at CUNY. By asking the question, \"Why Do People Do What They Do?\" and reading nonfiction texts which strive to answer this question through the discipline of psychology, students will become active and engaged readers as well as stronger critical thinkers. Working within a Psychology framework, students improve their reading comprehension and critical writing skills. At the end of the 60-hour course, students take the CUNY Assessment Tests in Reading and Writing to determine eligibility for credit-bearing college courses.",
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    "id": "guttman-000044",
    "code": "CFMAT 10",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "The College Focus: Mathematics course has been designed to prepare high school seniors for an introductory-level College Math course as well as for the CUNY placement exam in Math (the COMPASS Exam). The course is offered to students who, based on their Regents and/or SAT scores, are on-track for high school graduation but are not qualified for college-level mathematics. Without an early intervention, they are likely to need remedial education at CUNY. Topics include fundamental mathematical concepts such as algebraic and linear equations, ratio and proportions, and geometric concepts. At the end of the 60-hour course, students take the CUNY COMPASS Exam to determine placement into credit-bearing college courses.",
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    "code": "CHEM 110",
    "title": "Introduction to Chemistry",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to Chemistry is a course designed for non-science majors. The course presents the basics of the science of chemistry in a contextualized manner in order to give students the opportunity to understand scientific concepts and applications beyond a disciplinary framework. Topics will be connected to real-world events, phenomena, and technologies in order to illustrate and underscore chemistry's relevance to our everyday lives, our health, our public policies, and our future. Texts and films will be used to strengthen understanding of course content and encourage student engagement. Laboratory work is integral to this course and experiments will reinforce concepts learned during lecture presentations while also introducing safety protocols and basic methods and practices that are important to scientific research",
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    "code": "CHEM 120",
    "title": "Intro to Biological Chemistry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to Biological Chemistry is a one semester course with lecture, recitation and laboratory components designed for non-science and science majors. This course covers the fundamental concepts of general chemistry integrated with the essential features of organic and biochemistry. Topics covered include matter, atomic structure, the periodic table, energy, molecular and intermolecular bonding, chemical reactions, the structure, properties and behavior of simple organic molecules, polymers, food, household chemicals, the molecular features of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. The relationship between molecular structure and macroscopic properties is emphasized. Radioactivity, its effects and uses in biological systems are briefly introduced.",
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    "id": "guttman-000047",
    "code": "CHEM 211",
    "title": "General Chemistry I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "An in-depth introduction to chemistry for science and engineering students including stoichiometry calculations, atomic and molecular structure, chemical bonding, and gases. Weekly labs will reinforce and coordinate with the topics of the class.",
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    "id": "guttman-000048",
    "code": "CHEM 221",
    "title": "General Chemistry II",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "An in-depth introduction to chemical equilibrium, aqueous solution chemistry, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and kinetics. This course focuses on developing the fundamental principles of thermodynamics and chemical equilibria and the applications of these principles to aqueous solution chemistry.",
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    "id": "guttman-000049",
    "code": "CHEM 241",
    "title": "Analytical Chemistry",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Analytical Chemistry provides practical, hands-on experience in the design and application of quantitative analytical techniques to obtain detailed, quantitative information about chemically molecules and systems. Through lecture and laboratory learning experiences, student acknowledge state-of-the-art methodologies for quantitative analysis, data validation via hands-on learning approaches, and develop and integrate appropriate methods to answer specific chemical questions.",
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    "id": "guttman-000050",
    "code": "CHEM 251",
    "title": "Organic Chemistry I",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Organic Chemistry I is the first course of a two-semester sequence in Organic Chemistry for students majoring in science or studying for careers in allied health professions such as medicine, pharmacy, nursing. The course covers the fundamental concepts of organic chemistry integrated with the essential features of medicinal chemistry and biochemistry. Topics covered include nomenclature, types of reactions, reaction mechanisms, the principles of synthesis, methods of characterization, and application to the life sciences, to our everyday lives.",
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    "id": "guttman-000051",
    "code": "CHEM 252",
    "title": "Organic Chemistry II",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Organic Chemistry II is the continuation course of Organic Chemistry I for students majoring in science or studying for careers in allied health professions such as medicine, pharmacy, nursing. Topics covered include the study of aromatic compounds, conjugated systems, Grignard reactions, carboxylic acid derivatives, the nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group, nucleophilic acyl substitution, carbonyl condensation reactions, carbonyl alpha substitution reactions, and amines.",
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    "id": "guttman-000052",
    "code": "CHEM 299",
    "title": "Chemistry Elective Credit",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Chemistry Elective Credit",
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    "id": "guttman-000053",
    "code": "CHEM 299R",
    "title": "Chemistry Elective Reviewed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Chemistry Elective Credit Reviewed",
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    "code": "COMM 101",
    "title": "Speech Communication",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the field of communication studies. The course focusses on public speaking and other forms of oral and written communication and will provide students with the skills needed to deliver original speeches and develop an awareness of theories of interpersonal communication. Students will learn how to communicate effectively in oral and written presentations for professional, academic, and personal settings. A significant part of the course focuses on learning the material through class exercises, in a variety of small groups and reflecting on these experiences.",
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    "id": "guttman-000055",
    "code": "COMM 102",
    "title": "Introduction to Media Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the field of communication studies. This course introduces students to the study of historical and contemporary forms of mediated communication including, but not limited to, print media (incl. book, newspaper, and magazine publishing), visual media (such as film and TV), advertising, and web-based social media. Drawing on historical and contemporary material, the course surveys important and timely topics in the field and introduces students to a variety of analytical perspectives. Issues considered in the course will include the economics of media production; the impact of media on individual and cultural attitudes, values, and behaviors; the role of media professionals working in the news, public relations, and allied industries; and the impact of new media technologies such as social media platforms.",
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    "id": "guttman-000056",
    "code": "COMM 299",
    "title": "Communications Elective Credit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Communications Elective Credit",
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    "id": "guttman-000057",
    "code": "COMM 299R",
    "title": "Communications Elective Review",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Communications Elective Credit Reviewed",
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    "id": "guttman-000058",
    "code": "COPT 1000",
    "title": "Pathways College Option",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Pathways College Option",
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    "id": "guttman-000059",
    "code": "CSM 1",
    "title": "CUNY Start Math - Algebra",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This course emphasizes conceptual understanding through in-depth study of algebra and pre-algebra topics including operations with signed numbers, percentages, radicals, polynomials, functions, graphing, slope and linear equations, equations and inequalities, and factoring. Students are given the opportunity to practice thinking like scientists, writing about rich problems, and explaining their reasoning to classmates as they make meaningful new discoveries about math. Students who complete the course take the CEAFE.",
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    "id": "guttman-000060",
    "code": "CSM 2",
    "title": "CUNY Start Math - Statistics",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This course emphasizes conceptual understanding through in-depth study of quantitative reasoning topics including understanding ratios, fractions, and percent, representing data in a few kinds of graphs, summarizing and describing data distributions, and working with signed numbers and linear functions. Students are given the opportunity to practice thinking like data scientists, writing about rich problems, and explaining their reasoning to classmates as they make meaningful new discoveries about math.",
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    "code": "CSR 1",
    "title": "CUNY Start Academic Reading",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Through an interdisciplinary curriculum, students build key reading skills and broaden their general background knowledge. Skill development includes college-level reading, study skills and preparation for the CUNY Assessment Test for Reading.",
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    "code": "CSW 1",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Through an interdisciplinary curriculum, students build key writing skills and broaden their general background knowledge. Skill development includes argumentative and analytic writing, and preparation for the CUNY Assessment Test for Writing.",
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    "id": "guttman-000063",
    "code": "ECON 201",
    "title": "Macroeconomics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to the overall workings of a national economy. It will apply macroeconomic theory and principles to current economic issues at the national and international levels and examine their relationship to the economy of New York City, a center of international business. The course will cover a broad range of topics including money and the monetary system, income and expenditure, the role of fiscal and monetary policies in stabilizing the economy, the relationship between inflation and unemployment, and the role of government policy in promoting long-term economic growth. Students will be introduced to the methods economists use in economic analysis and research.",
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    "id": "guttman-000064",
    "code": "ECON 203",
    "title": "Microeconomics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course teaches the fundamental parts of an economy and the factors that affect individual economic choices. Topics include consumer theory, producer theory, behavior of firms, market equilibrium, competition, international trade and the role of governments in the economy. Students will be introduced to methods economists use in economic analysis and research. Throughout the course, students will be encouraged to relate issues in economics to their own lives and the operations of businesses of different sizes and market structures.",
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    "id": "guttman-000065",
    "code": "ECON 204",
    "title": "Contemporary Economic Issues",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "his course focuses on applying critical thinking skills to important economic issues. We will analyze issues from a cross section of society, attempting to fully understand the underlying causes. Case studies will be supplied by the instructor; specific issues will be drawn from articles in newspapers and periodicals. Discussion will include the repercussions from these issues, as well as the development of possible solutions. There will be a focus on how the issues studied relate to the local, national and global economy and business environment.",
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    "id": "guttman-000066",
    "code": "ECON 205",
    "title": "International Trade & Finance",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers theories of international trade, international capital and labor movements, transfer pricing issues in transnational corporation, protection of domestic industries with tariffs and non-tariff trade barriers, balance of payments, foreign exchange markets, international and regional trade organizations, trade disputes, and U.S. foreign trade policies.",
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    "id": "guttman-000103",
    "code": "FYS 101",
    "title": "Lrn Abt Be Successful Stdnt 1",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Learning about Being a Successful Student (LaBSS I) is a First Year Experience (FYE) requirement for all Guttman students. LaBSS I is designed to encourage reflection, exploration, and preparation related to professional development. Students will have the opportunity to increase ownership of their experience as undergraduates at Stella and Charles Guttman Community College and continue to develop integrated academic and professional identities with the guidance of their Student Success Advocate. LaBSS I structure a culmination for the transition to college and empowers students to make informed decisions regarding personal growth, educational planning, and future professional pathways.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000104",
    "code": "FYS 102",
    "title": "Lrn Abt Be Successful Stdnt II",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Learning about Being a Successful Student II (LaBSS II) is a First Year Experience (FYE) requirement for all Guttman students. LaBSS II is designed to encourage reflection, exploration, and preparation related to professional development. Students will have the opportunity to increase ownership of their experience as undergraduates at Stella and Charles Guttman Community College and continue to develop integrated academic and professional identities with the guidance of their Student Success Advocate. LaBSS II structures a culmination for the transition to college and empowers students to make informed decisions regarding personal growth, educational planning, and future professional pathways.",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FYS 102",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000105",
    "code": "FYS 299R",
    "title": "F Y Sem - Elect Cr Review",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "First Year Seminar - Elective Credit Review",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000106",
    "code": "GOVT 201",
    "title": "Urban Politics: NYC Govt",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines urban politics with a particular focus upon the structure of New York City government. There will be an examination of the responsibilities of elected officials, including the mayor, city council, comptroller, public advocate, borough presidents, and district attorneys. The practice of public administration is evaluated, focusing on the role of city agencies, public authorities, and special bodies, such as community boards and business improvement districts. To examine the interaction between citizens and city government, there is an analysis of how public officials work with individuals, businesses, and groups to develop physical, economic, and social plans for the city.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/GOVT 201",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000107",
    "code": "GOVT 202",
    "title": "American Government & Politics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The constitutional structures and functions of American government are the foundation of American democracy. How have these structures and functions changed over the past three hundred years? This course will engage this question, introducing students to the institutions of American government and how they operate to address problems and conflicts. Individual and civil rights as well as the ways in which critical historical events have influenced our governmental system will be explored. The course will investigate the power of the government and of citizens and the dynamic interplay between individuals, groups and government in shaping our democratic society.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/GOVT 202",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000108",
    "code": "GOVT 203",
    "title": "Intro Urban Planning/Policy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to the fields of urban planning and public policy, and investigates their relationship to each other in the context of key urban policy issues such as housing, land use, poverty and inequality, education, economic development, environmental management, transportation, and community development. Students will investigate the historical roots and fundamental practices of both urban planning and public policy creation in the United States, and will engage in hands on policy analysis to explore how planning decisions and outcomes are influenced by the policy context in which they are made.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/GOVT 203",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000109",
    "code": "GOVT 299",
    "title": "Government Elective Credit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Government Elective Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/GOVT 299",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000110",
    "code": "GOVT 299R",
    "title": "Govt Elective Credit Reviewed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Government Elective Credit Reviewed",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/GOVT 299R",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000111",
    "code": "HEIT 111",
    "title": "Medical Terminology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to teach the language of medicine from the basic elements of the medical language to advanced topics in medical care. The course includes word construction, definition, spelling, pronunciation, and the use of correct abbreviations of medical terms. The course content is organized around body systems and emphasizes the terminology related to disease and treatment. Systems that are covered in this class are: digestive system, urinary system, female and male reproductive systems, nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, and the sense organs. In addition, students will gain information regarding anatomy and physiology, symptomatology, pathology, diagnostic/surgical procedures, radiology, and pharmacological terms.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HEIT 111",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000112",
    "code": "HEIT 121",
    "title": "Intro Health Data Mgmt&InfoSys",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a comprehensive study of the health information management profession and the health record. It introduces the student to the development of the HIM profession as well as the history, structure and function of the American Health Information Management Association. The credentialing and certification in health information management will be specified and the differences of each certification will be explained. The structure, content, and standards of the paper-based and electronic health record are also covered in this course. Emphasis is placed on healthcare data sets, data collection, storage and retrieval. Specialized health records, indexes and registries will be described and their functionality explained. Students will learn the complexities of working with a hybrid health record, paper-based and computer-based environments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HEIT 121",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000113",
    "code": "HEIT 122",
    "title": "Profess Practice Experience I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The first Professional Practice Experience (PPE) will take place in a HIT laboratory utilizing computerized information systems, case studies, and application projects and assignments. The PPE is designed to provide the student practical experiences in the theories and concepts previously acquired in the curriculum. The focus of this PPE is on the orientation to HIM department functions, hospital structure and organization, health data content and structure, record analysis, retention, and retrieval. Students will perform the functions outlined in a PPE student handbook.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HEIT 122",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000114",
    "code": "HEIT 201",
    "title": "Cptrs & Communication Technol",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide the student with the fundamental knowledge of the basic components of a computer including hardware, software, networks, and internet technologies. Lecture and laboratory experiences will provide the students with the skills in software applications such as word processing, spreadsheet, database, a graphic presentation. A special emphasis will be placed on database design and applications. Other topics covered include speech recognition, data dictionary, data modeling, and data warehousing.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HEIT 201",
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    "markdown_url": "/guttman/courses/heit-201.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000115",
    "code": "HEIT 211",
    "title": "Clinic Class Syst ICD10CM-PCS",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to familiarize the student with coding and classification systems used in health information management. Emphasis will be on inpatient coding and classification utilizing ICD-10-CM/PCS. Course work will focus on the official coding guidelines and use of the two volumes of ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS. Additional classifications are briefly studied. Students will acquire the knowledge and skills to code diagnosis using ICD-10-CM organized by body systems. System guidelines include; Infectious and Parasitic diseases, Neoplasm, Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic diseases, Diseases of Nervous System. Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa, the Circulatory Respiratory, Digestive, Musculoskeletal, and Genitourinary systems, and diseases of Connective tissues, Pregnancy, Childbirth and the puerperium. Emphasis is also placed on coding procedures using the major sections of ICD-10-PCS.The laboratory component of the course emphasizes the use of computer-based coding software (encoder) to assign diagnostic and procedural codes by abstracting information from patient records. Students will also determine the DRG for each patient record coded.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HEIT 211",
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    "markdown_url": "/guttman/courses/heit-211.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000116",
    "code": "HEIT 212",
    "title": "Health Care Delivery in the US",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is an overview of the American healthcare system. It includes the study of the main components and issues of the organization, financing and delivery of health services in the U.S. The organization and operation of the modern acute hospital will be described and analyzed. Topics include; the role of federal and state governments, non-acute healthcare facilities, healthcare workforce, managed care, laws, accreditation, licensure and certification standards, and reimbursements systems.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HEIT 212",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000117",
    "code": "HEIT 213",
    "title": "Pharmacology for Allied Health",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The course provides a framework of knowledge in the study of pharmacology and diagnostic testing. Students will be able to define adverse reaction to drugs, interactions, and contraindications. Differentiation among drug names, generic names, trade names, and chemical names will be discussed. Students will be able to identify drugs according to body systems. Each body system will be described along with characteristics of typical drugs, side effects, cautions, and interactions. Classes of drugs that will be covered in this class are: adrenergic drugs affecting the neurological system, psychiatric drugs, anticonvulsants and antiparkinsonism drugs, anesthetic drugs, analgesics and antagonistic drugs, antihistamines, bronchodilators, antineoplastic drugs, cardiovascular drugs, musculoskeletal and anti-inflammatory drugs, antihypertensive drugs, antidiabetic drugs, antibacterial drugs, anti-infective drugs, and diuretics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HEIT 213",
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    "markdown_url": "/guttman/courses/heit-213.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000118",
    "code": "HEIT 299",
    "title": "Health Info Tech Elective",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Health Information Technology Elective Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HEIT 299",
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    "markdown_url": "/guttman/courses/heit-299.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000119",
    "code": "HEIT 299R",
    "title": "Health Info Tech Elec Reviewed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Health Information Technology Elective Credit Reviewed",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HEIT 299R",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000120",
    "code": "HEIT 313",
    "title": "Prof Practice Experience IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The fourth PPE is a supervised professional practice experience in a health information management department in an acute and/or non-acute healthcare facility. Students will be supervised by a Registered Health Information Administrator, Registered Health Information Technician or other qualified personnel assigned by the healthcare facility. The PPE is designed to provide the student practical experiences in the theories and concepts previously acquired in the curriculum. The focus of this PPE is quality assessment and performance improvement, computerized information systems, organizational resources and management, billing and reimbursement, document imaging and the electronic health record. Students will rotate to non-acute sites such as ambulatory clinics, skilled nursing facilities and long-term facilities. The healthcare facility preceptor will work closely with the HIT program clinical coordinator to assure an effective experience for the student",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HEIT 313",
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    "markdown_url": "/guttman/courses/heit-313.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000121",
    "code": "HIST 111",
    "title": "US - Colonial to Civil War",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "his course serves as a general introduction to the main events, themes, and movements in American history from colonization through the Civil War. It seeks to identify and explore the transformative social, cultural, and political moments of this long historical period. Thus, the course examines European contact, conflict, cooperation with and colonization of indigenous peoples; the transatlantic slave trade; coercive labor forms and slave revolts in the American Colonies and the United States; the context that led to, and consequences that came from the American Revolution; Native removal, genocide and resistance; western conquest justified by the logic of Manifest Destiny; immigrant and class conflict in the colonies and early republic; a redefinition of household and gender roles in early American society; the long road to Civil War. Students will also develop skills such as writing for a humanities audience, critical reading of primary and secondary sources, and argument-based discussion. In sum, this course introduces students to a wide variety of analytical tools and approaches to better understand the settlement of North America and the founding of the United States.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 111",
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    "markdown_url": "/guttman/courses/hist-111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000122",
    "code": "HIST 127",
    "title": "US Civil War to Present",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of United States history from 1865 to the present era. It highlights a range of people, movements, ideologies, and events, which shaped U.S. society and the U.S. presence in the world over this long historical period. Major themes will include Reconstruction and Jim Crow, U.S. Empire in the Caribbean and Latin America, World War I, The Great Depression, World War II, the Cold War, U.S. Interventions in East Asia, the Civil Rights and Black Power Movements, the Feminist Movements, the Gay Rights Movement, Movements for Immigrant Justice, The War on “Terror”, and Contemporary Social Movements. In exploring these events, we will attempt to answer the central questions concerning U.S. history after the Civil War. Who has benefited and who suffered from U.S. Empire? How did groups without political, social, and economic power challenge the structures that shape U.S. society? Furthermore, we will examine how history has become a battlefield between those who want things to stay the same, and those who seek a more just society. Students will be engaged in using critical thinking skills to analyze primary documents and secondary source materials.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 127",
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    "markdown_url": "/guttman/courses/hist-127.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000123",
    "code": "HIST 201",
    "title": "Who Built New York? NYC Hist",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Emphasizing the role that working people have played in the development of New York City, this U.S. history course will explore New York's social, economic, political, and cultural history from the earliest contacts between members of the Dutch West India Company and local Native Americans to the present day. Topics will include labor, immigration, ethnic politics, social movements, popular culture, and the making of the physical city.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 201",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000124",
    "code": "HIST 221",
    "title": "History of Urban Life",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the development of urban communities across the United States both temporally and geographically. It examines the patterns of cleavage, conflict, convergence of interest, and consensus that have structured urban life. Social, cultural, and economic forces will be analyzed for the roles they have played in shaping the diverse communities of America's cities.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 221",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000125",
    "code": "HIST 225",
    "title": "Latin Amer History:19 & 20 Cen",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores crucial issues in the history of Latin America, from the Independence period through the present. It will expose the class to a range of people, movements, ideologies, and events, which will allow students to critically examine the causes and outcomes of revolution and counterrevolution in Latin America, 1800-Present. Intimately tied to this history, the class will critically examine the role of the United States in Latin America as imperial actor and a destination for refugees seeking a better life. By the end of the semester, students should be able to articulate motivations of various actors in major events studied. They should be able to trace historic patterns across the region, while also identifying moments that altered the trajectory of communities, nations, regions, and/or the world at large. Finally, undergraduates should grasp the ways geopolitical strategies, nationalist movements, and transnational struggles have influenced both past and present realities for the people of Latin America.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 225",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000126",
    "code": "HIST 299",
    "title": "History Elective Credit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "History Elective Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 299",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000127",
    "code": "HIST 299R",
    "title": "History Elective Reviewed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "History Elective Credit Reviewed",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 299R",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000128",
    "code": "HITE 100",
    "title": "Medical Terminology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to teach the language of medicine from the basic elements of the medical language to advance topics in medical care. The course includes word construction, definition, spelling, pronunciation, and the use of correct abbreviations of medical terms. The course content is organized around body systems and emphasizes the terminology related to disease and treatment. Systems that are covered in this class are: digestive system, urinary system, female and male reproductive systems, nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, musculoskeletal system, and the sense organs. In addition, students will gain information regarding anatomy and physiology, symptomatology, pathology, diagnostic/surgical procedures, radiology, and pharmacological terms.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HITE 100",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000129",
    "code": "HITE 101",
    "title": "Intro  Health Information Tech",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a comprehensive study of the health information management (HIM) profession and the health record. This course introduces the student to the development of the health information technology within the HIM profession as well as the history, structure, and function of the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA). The credentialing and certification in health information management will be specified and the differences of each certification will be explained. The structure, content, and standards of the paper-based and electronic health record are also covered in this course. Emphasis is placed on healthcare data sets, data collection, storage, and retrieval. Specialized health records, indexes and registries will be described, and their functionality explained. Students will learn the complexities of working with a hybrid health record, paper-based and computer-based environments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HITE 101",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000130",
    "code": "HITE 120",
    "title": "Intr Legal&Ethcl Aspcts  Hlth",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the student to the legal and ethical aspects applicable to health information. Emphasis is placed on the purposes and goals of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) Privacy and Security rules. Topics include privacy, confidentiality, and security issues; types of discovery; subpoenas; Tort law; disclosure of health information; consent to treatment; the legal paper and electronic health record; documentation principles for health record entries; authentication; individual patient rights; ownership and control of the health record; access to patient health information; release of health information (ROI) policies and procedures; and professional and practice-related ethical issues in health information management.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HITE 120",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000131",
    "code": "HITE 150",
    "title": "Qlty Assmnt & Healthcare Stats",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course presents a comprehensive study of hospital-wide clinical quality assessment, utilization management, risk management, performance improvement, and healthcare statistics. Topics include the organization bylaws,committees and credentialing of the medical staff as well as the clinical quality assessment, utilization management and risk management process. The course will also focus on the principles and concepts of performance improvement and the statistical tools and techniques used for outcome analysis.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HITE 150",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000132",
    "code": "HITE 160",
    "title": "Comp Appl Healthcare&Data Sec",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will provide a detailed study of the impact of computer applications on HIM services and on healthcare information services. In addition, students will explore the growth and development of electronic health records and the field of health informatics. Emphases on the HIM applications include release of information, use of encoders and groupers, cancer registry, chart locator system, chart deficiency system, and transcription system. The conceptual models and functionality of the electronic health record will be defined in the current healthcare environment. The student will analyze the technical components of the electronic health record including: laboratory and pharmacy information systems, picture archiving and communication systems, order sets, clinical protocols, provider order entry, medication administration record, point-of-care charting, and clinical decision support systems. The benefits and barriers of implementing the electronic health record will be discussed. Other topics include Admission, Discharge, and Transfer (ADT) system, financial information systems, Master Patient Index, systems development life cycle, data quality integrity and security, document imaging, and maintenance and monitoring of data storage systems.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HITE 160",
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    "id": "guttman-000133",
    "code": "HITE 200",
    "title": "Pathophysiology & Pharmacology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course combines two related concepts, pathophysiology and pharmacology. Pathophysiology relates manifestations of disease, risk factors for disease, and the principles of pathology underlying illness and injury. Pharmacology focuses on the basic drug classification, concepts, and principles of pharmacology. The pathology and the underlying principles of the following human systems as well as the implications of the pharmacological treatments will be presented in this course: inflammation, diseases of the immunity, neoplasia, genetic and developmental diseases, fluid and hemodynamic disorders, cardiovascular pathology, respiratory and gastrointestinal pathology, renal and endocrine pathology, skeletal, male and female reproductive pathology, endocrine systems, the skin, bones and joints, muscles and the nervous system. In addition, this course provides a framework of knowledge in the study of pharmacology and diagnostic testing. Each body system review will also include the characteristics of typical drugs, side effects, cautions, and interactions.",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HITE 200",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000134",
    "code": "HITE 210",
    "title": "Clinical Stms ICD-10CM/PCS Cod",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to familiarize the student with coding and classification systems used in health information management. Emphasis will be on inpatient coding and classification utilizing ICD-10-CM/PCS. Coursework will focus on the official coding guidelines and use of the two volumes of ICD-10-CM and ICD-10-PCS. Additional classifications are briefly studied. Students will acquire the knowledge and skills to code diagnosis using ICD-10-CM organized by body systems. System guidelines include; Infectious and Parasitic diseases, Neoplasm, Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic diseases, Diseases of Nervous System. Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa, Diseases of the Circulatory system, Diseases of the Respiratory system, Diseases of Digestive system, Diseases of the Musculoskeletal system and Connective tissues, Diseases of the genitourinary system, Pregnancy, Childbirth and the puerperium. Emphasis is also placed on coding procedures using the major sections of ICD-10-PCS. The laboratory component of the course emphasizes the use of computer-based coding software (encoder) to assign diagnostic and procedural codes by abstracting information from patient records. Students will also determine the DRG for each patient record coded.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000135",
    "code": "HITE 215",
    "title": "Intro to CPT/HCPCS Coding",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides the student with an overview of the guidelines, rules, and terms for the Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding classification and the application of those rules to coding patient services. CPT/HCPCS codes are used for reporting services and procedures performed by physicians and in hospital ambulatory services. A major focus of the course is to prepare the students to correctly code using the CPT manual. Students will demonstrate the ability to correctly use the CPT book by recognizing CPT symbols, the use of CPT Index, use of modifiers, and how to read an operative report. Students will also learn how to use and report codes from the Evaluation and Management (E&M) section, Surgery section, Radiology section, and Medicine section of CPT manual.",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HITE 215",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000136",
    "code": "HITE 220",
    "title": "Organizatnl Resources & Manag",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the principles of organizational resources and management functions for managers of health information. Emphasis will be placed on the management functions of planning, organizing, directing, controlling, and evaluation of human resources in health information. Topics include: communication, productivity standards, performance appraisal, work simplification, training/development, team building and leadership, workflow, quality and performance improvement, budgeting, and the revenue cycle. Case studies and role playing will be used to demonstrate and develop managerial skills.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000137",
    "code": "HITE 230",
    "title": "Princpls Healthcare Reimbrsmnt",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will focus on the basic concepts and principles of healthcare reimbursement and medical coding. The current healthcare insurance programs, commercial and government- sponsored, will be described in the context of the United States health delivery system. The structure and management of a coding compliance program to meet the internal and external requirements will be described and analyzed. The origins, evolution, and principles of managed care will be analyzed as a cost effective approach to deliver and finance healthcare. Prospective payment systems will be differentiated between healthcare settings including inpatient, hospital ambulatory services, physician offices, skilled nursing facilities, and home care. Students will also gain an understanding of the structure and determination of Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs) and Ambulatory Payment Classifications (APCs). The course will include the billing processes and the billing forms (UB04 and CMS 1500) used to submit for reimbursement. Students will also learn the management of the revenue cycle.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000138",
    "code": "HITE 254",
    "title": "Prof Practice Experience",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a culmination of the skills developed from all previous coursework. The students will be provided with opportunities for observations, participation, and practical application of administrative, technical and management skills. In order to accomplish the above, this professional practice experience (PPE) has a 40 hour externally supervised experience. Each student will have a customized experience resulting in the creation of a report.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000139",
    "code": "HITE 299R",
    "title": "Health Inform Tech Elec Rev'd",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Health Information Technology Elective Credit Reviewed",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HITE 299R",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000140",
    "code": "HLSC 231",
    "title": "Introduction Urban Community",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an overview of urban public and community health, and the fields of work in engaging, understanding, preventing and intervening in illness and disability in our City. Students learn the social and policy factors that influence the health of a community and its members; the emerging roles in community health work; and the role of the health care system in community health. Activities will promote development of critical thinking, technical and analytical skills. Examples of individual, community and social change and service are used throughout the course and discussed in line with social justice and human rights goals.",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HLSC 231",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000141",
    "code": "HONR 250",
    "title": "Honors Seminar",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This is an introduction to advanced academic research and disciplinary pathways tailored to student interests in the program and beyond. Using a “guest speaker-workshop-reflective activities” framework, students will be exposed to career pathways in research and creative arenas that they have identified. This course will build on research skills that students learn in First-Year Experience and Programs of Study courses, adding depth necessary for professional academic work at Guttman Community College and beyond.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000142",
    "code": "HSVC 103",
    "title": "Introduction to Human Services",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the role of human service professionals working in an urban environment. Students will learn about the historical context that led to the development of the various human service professions, with an emphasis on New York City. Other topics to be discussed include the value, knowledge, and skill base of the helping professions, the helping relationship and the helping process, culturally competent work, and issues of social justice. Emphasis will be placed on the relationships between social welfare policy, human need, and the provision of human services. A research assignment will give students an opportunity to explore a specific field of practice within the urban environment.",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HSVC 103",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000143",
    "code": "HSVC 113",
    "title": "Methods Intervention HumSvcs",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course builds on an ecological systems perspective and provides students with beginning skills to work with individuals, families, groups, and communities in urban human service agencies and organizations. Included will be generalist skills for the preliminary, beginning, middle, and ending phases of intervention. Attention is paid to culturally competent practice.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000144",
    "code": "HSVC 201",
    "title": "Fieldwork & Integrative Sem I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students in this course complete the equivalent of 125 required internship hours in a variety of human services settings. Students learn about agency structure and function, the activities of health and human service professionals, and the application of health and human service skills. A weekly integrative class session advances student understanding of the world of health and human service work in urban communities.90 minutes lecture 10-10.5 hours per week lab/field",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HSVC 201",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000145",
    "code": "HSVC 203",
    "title": "Fieldwork & Integrative Sem II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of Field Work I. Students complete the equivalent of 125 required internship hours in a variety of human services settings. Students learn about agency structure and function, the activities of health and human service professionals, and the application of health and human service skills. This course advances student understanding of the world of health and human service work in urban communities.90 minutes lecture, 10-10.5 hours per week lab/field",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HSVC 203",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000146",
    "code": "HSVC 204",
    "title": "Special Topics Fields of Pract",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an in-depth exploration of a particular urban field of practice within the human services. The historical development of the field of practice, the social welfare policies supporting and challenging it, and the role of human service professionals in developing the field of practice and in working in it today will be discussed. This course requires a 14-hour volunteer internship in a social service agency or organization that provides services or works in an advocacy capacity related to the field of practice. Topics will be announced each semester.",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HSVC 204",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000147",
    "code": "HSVC 213",
    "title": "Health & Human Services Policy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course traces current health and human service programs and policies from their historical origins and provides an overview of the process of policy development, implementation, and analysis. Students develop an understanding of the connections between social problems faced by the diverse residents of New York City communities, their varying causative explanations, and the health care and human services policies that are intended to address those problems. The course examines how policies are shaped within the context of the political process. Federal, state, and local programs, such as TANF, Medicare and Medicaid, and Social Security are explored in the context of the problems they address and the impact they have on the populations served - all from the very important perspective of the human service provider.",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HSVC 213",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000148",
    "code": "HSVC 223",
    "title": "Intro to Disability Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides a multidisciplinary overview of disability and an introduction to the emerging field of disability studies, fostering a new understanding of disability in contemporary culture. Students will explore the phenomenon of disability from a variety of perspectives, including historical medical constructs and the emerging social model of disability, discrimination, stigma, and segregation, disability and family life, social welfare policy and service systems, and the links between disability and media and the arts.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000149",
    "code": "HSVC 298",
    "title": "Independent Study",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Independent Study courses at Guttman Community College are courses that go beyond those regularly offered by the college. These courses will feature individual design and initiative on the part of the student and will be focused on a unique academic project or exploration not addressed by regularly scheduled courses at the college.Guidelines for eligibility for Independent Study: - These courses maybe taken by individual students or by a small group of students not to exceed four students. - The students must have completed the First Year Experience Core courses and have a minimum GPA of 2.5. - This course will normally be developed by the student(s) and the faculty member working together, They can be designed for anywhere from 1 to 3 credit hours and should use the guideline that each credit hour earned (in a twelve week session) should require approximately 3 hours per week of work on the part of the student (including meeting with the faculty member and working independently). - The form for independent study must be completed, approved, and filed with the registrar prior to the end of the academic session previous to which the work will be completed.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000150",
    "code": "HSVC 299",
    "title": "Human Services Elective Credit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Human Services Elective Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HSVC 299",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000151",
    "code": "HSVC 299R",
    "title": "Human Srvcs Elective Reviewed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Human Services Elective Credit Reviewed",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HSVC 299R",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000152",
    "code": "INFT 102",
    "title": "Hardware & Software",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to Information Technology by covering the theory and practice of maintaining computers and their installed programs. Topics include local and network-based printing, file systems, memory management, user interfaces, and user support. Students will learn to install and configure system components, operating systems and application software, and to evaluate and use hardware and software troubleshooting techniques. Topics will also cover security essentials and practices.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/INFT 102",
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  },
  {
    "id": "guttman-000153",
    "code": "INFT 202",
    "title": "Database Management & Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides the fundamental knowledge of database concepts. Topics studied will include the history and advantages of database systems, and the process of database design including entity-relationship diagrams and database normalization. Students will work with database technology to store, manipulate, and retrieve data. Examples in the class will be based on data entities related to work environments relevant to New York City, such as those discussed in the Ethnographies of Work courses. These data will be reviewed for integrity, relevance and possible use within database warehouse and mining activities. The work environments will also be analyzed in terms of issues relating to database management issues of security, back-up, and recovery.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000154",
    "code": "INFT 203",
    "title": "Intro Management Info Systms",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the use of computers and other information systems and technologies to solve problems in organizations. Topics include management information systems (MIS), hardware and software concepts, organization of information using systems analysis and design, electronic commerce, and contemporary applications of technology in organizational environments. Students will explore ethical perspectives and globalization issues and will cultivate an awareness of emerging processes. Working individually and in groups, students will apply their knowledge through writing assignments, conducting information and organizational analyses and developing, where appropriate, applications using widely used spreadsheets, data presentation, and database management software. Projects may be drawn from issues related specifically to New York City, e.g., as discussed in the City Seminars",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000155",
    "code": "INFT 204",
    "title": "Internship in Information Tech",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This internship will provide students with experiences in a local corporate, small business, governmental, non-profit or other organizational setting. Students will be placed in a public or private organization that utilizes various aspects of Information Technology. They will perform useful tasks for the partner organization while familiarizing themselves with the goals of the organization and how Information Technology supports those goals. An accompanying seminar will allow them to share experiences and will work on the non-technical skills that are required to be successful in a business environment.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000156",
    "code": "INFT 211",
    "title": "Programming I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to concepts of problem solving using constructs of logic inherent in computer programming languages. Students will learn to analyze simple problems, develop algorithms and transform an algorithm into a computer program. They will use an IDE to develop computer programs in an object oriented programming language. Programming projects will be drawn from issues related to the topics discussed in the City Seminars.",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/INFT 211",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000157",
    "code": "INFT 213",
    "title": "Special Topics in Info Tech",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course allows students to study a significant topic of interest in the field of information technology chosen by the instructor. Topics vary from term to term and may include game theory, robotics, cybersecurity, cloud technology, machine learning, project management, or virtual reality. The topic may not reflect an item covered in the curriculum. The student or group of students will work closely with a faculty member to gain valuable research or industry knowledge. After the study, the student can complete a written paper, submit a computer system, implement a solution, or design a new approach for a computer application, or lecture on their findings. Working individually or in groups, students will assist a faculty member in researching an essential topic in information technology. Projects can use issues explicitly related to New York City.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000158",
    "code": "INFT 215",
    "title": "Operating Systems I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the basic features common to modern operating systems and their Graphical User Interface (GUIs). We will study the functions and services of the Windows 10 operating system in more detail. The topics covered include but are not limited to installation, upgrade, virtualization, registry, boot process, applications, services, maintenance, users, groups, permissions, and introduction to Command-Line Interface (CLI).",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000159",
    "code": "INFT 216",
    "title": "Network Security I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to the knowledge needed to protect computers and networks. An introduction to computer and information security is explored along with the significance of information integrity, availability and confidentiality.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000160",
    "code": "INFT 217",
    "title": "Networking I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to computer communication networks. It examines the principles, design and implementation of wired and wireless networks. The fundamentals of networking concepts such as media, topology, switching, routing as well as the importance of protocols are discussed. The TCP/IP protocol will be used to demonstrate concepts of layered architecture, client-server model, and the security and management tools of a typical computer network.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000161",
    "code": "INFT 221",
    "title": "Web Technologies & Multimedia",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will focus on the skills needed to construct attractive and efficient web pages and web sites using Hypertext Markup language (HTML) or commercial web-authoring software. Topics include Web Design Guidelines, e-commerce, promotion strategies, HTML, XHTML, Cascade Style Sheets (CSS), Java Applets, and JavaScript. Students will learn the elements of page design and maintenance, how to create special effects, work with graphics, create links, and add user interactivity.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000162",
    "code": "INFT 223",
    "title": "Programming II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of Programming I with emphasis on object development. Students are introduced to software engineering concepts as well as graphical user interface design, event driven programming, elementary data structures, constructor, access, and manipulation methods, and searching and sorting techniques with a firm foundation in secure programming. Advanced object oriented topics of inheritance and polymorphism are presented using relevant projects that mimic typical industry application software. Programming projects will be drawn from issues related to the topics discussed in the City Seminars.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000163",
    "code": "INFT 225",
    "title": "Operating Systems II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the fundamentals of the Linux operating system's Command-Line Interface (CLI). In particular, we learn how to access the operating system's functions and services using the popular Bash (Bourne Again SHell) shell. The topics covered include but are not limited to: directory structure, commands, history, redirection, permissions, users and groups, text editors, help, search, processes, package management, compression and backup, environment, expansion, and shell scripting.",
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    "id": "guttman-000164",
    "code": "INFT 226",
    "title": "Network Security II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This advanced networking course covers a wide variety of security topics such as threats, vulnerabilities, data and host security, access control, identity management, cryptography, attacks and defense mechanisms. It provides a comprehensive look at advanced security technology in the real-world such as Virtual Private Network (VPN) and their deployments with other network components. Security policies and procedures will also be covered. Additional topics include firewalls, Network Access Control (NAC), switch and router security, intrusion detection and prevention, malware, file security and data defenses.",
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    "id": "guttman-000165",
    "code": "INFT 227",
    "title": "Networking II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of INFT 217: Networking I with emphasis on hands-on operations for network infrastructure in an organization and end-user network devices. This course aligns to some extent with requirements and expectations in CompTIA Network+ Certification and covers concepts, tools, and equipment for setting up wired and wireless networks in an organization and common IT services like web site and email, as well as troubleshooting skills and best practices and policies. It also covers virtualization of network infrastructure in the cloud.",
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    "id": "guttman-000166",
    "code": "INFT 233",
    "title": "Systems Analysis & Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to systems analysis and design concepts and tools, including the basic phases of the System Development Life Cycle: system analysis, system design and system implementation and maintenance. Students will survey existing tools in the field that aid personnel in industry. The course will include a capstone project. This project will cover all phases of the system development life cycle from requirements definition through coding, testing and implementation. Whenever possible the project will emerge from work environments studied in the first year. These environments will be analyzed for their potential to be served by additional information technology in the form of custom applications, software packages, enhanced use of the Internet or improved communication achieved via networking.",
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    "id": "guttman-000167",
    "code": "INFT 236",
    "title": "Penetration Testing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course investigates the techniques used by malicious, black hat hackers to attack and penetrate a network. Students will learn to use these same hacking techniques to perform a white-hat ethical hack on the organization. Quantitative assessment and measurement of threats to information assets to determine where the organization is most vulnerable to hacking will be covered.",
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    "id": "guttman-000168",
    "code": "INFT 239",
    "title": "Introduction to Computer Foren",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the concept of computer forensics and the pertinent knowledge needed to conduct a computer forensics investigation. Throughout the course, students will be taught the pertinent steps in collecting, analyzing, recovering, and reporting forensic evidence. Investigative techniques will be taught throughout the course with the ultimate goal of being able to identify and store evidence from a computer. Other topics include recovering deleted data, encryption, and damaged files. Students will be taught about the sensitivity and carefulness that must be exhibited in the entire computer forensic process since this material could be used as evidence in legal proceedings.",
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    "id": "guttman-000169",
    "code": "INFT 254",
    "title": "Networking Capstone",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is the capstone course for the Networking track in the IT program. The main component is a signature project, in which students are situated in a new, hypothetical organization to build from scratch needed IT infrastructure and services. Students will apply knowledge they learned previously on hardware and software, operating systems, networking, and security and practice related skills to support day-to-day computing needs of the organization and common networking services.",
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    "id": "guttman-000170",
    "code": "INFT 256",
    "title": "Cybersecurity Capstone",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is the capstone course for all students in the Information Technology – Cybersecurity program. Lectures in this course draw together information from previous courses to demonstrate appropriate and relevant implementation techniques. In this course, students design a policy and procedure manual appropriate for a small business, medium business, or enterprise. By working in teams, students design virtual networks to attack and defend against attacks, while utilizing and testing the methods they identified in their manual. Students will iterate on attack and defense methods and subsequently, build out their business's cybersecurity strategy.",
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    "id": "guttman-000171",
    "code": "INFT 298",
    "title": "Info Tech Independent Project",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will embark on detailed study of an Information Technology issue arising in New York City to gain experiences applicable to a corporate, small business, governmental, non-profit or other organizational setting. Students will take the role of an IT professional and will build skills in user needs analysis and the design and development of an IT-based solution. An accompanying seminar will allow them to share experiences and will work on the non-technical skills that are required to be successful in a business environment.",
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    "id": "guttman-000172",
    "code": "INFT 299",
    "title": "Information Technology",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Information Technology Elective Credit",
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    "id": "guttman-000173",
    "code": "INFT 299R",
    "title": "Info Technology Reviewed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Information Technology Elective Credit Reviewed",
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    "id": "guttman-000174",
    "code": "LASC 91",
    "title": "Integrative Practicum",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This intensive practicum requires students to gather, analyze, and present qualitative and quantitative information about an issue, topic, or problem of historical and/or contemporary significance to New York City. Students will complete substantial independent projects under the supervision of Guttman faculty and staff. The practicum focuses on critical thinking and analysis, including the integration of skills and knowledge developed in different disciplinary contexts. It builds on students' prior knowledge and experiences in order to equip them in making thoughtful, critical elaborations of ideas they encounter in their research.",
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    "id": "guttman-000175",
    "code": "LASC 243",
    "title": "Internship Seminar",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This seminar accompanies an internship that will be 12 hours per week for 10 weeks for a total of 120 hours in the field. The seminar is an academic anchor to the internship experience, and will meet both biweekly and online—except for the first two weeks, which will meet in-person. Weekly online components will involve students writing reflections and reactions to both their internship experiences and the course materials. In the Internship Seminar course, students will apply their skills and knowledge of the Liberal Arts discipline to an occupational setting. During the 10-week internship, students are required to participate in a job-related capacity under supervision, and will keep activity logs recording and reflecting on their workplace skills/competencies developed over the course of the semester. Class sessions will support the work experience with career readiness and leadership workshops designed to foster students’ professional development. Students will also utilize ethnographic methods to analyze how they perceive their future selves in careers related to the Liberal Arts, evaluate social dynamics in the workplace, and situate the particular workplace into a larger social, political, and/or economic context. Readings, discussions, and assignments will provide analytic lenses/frames to help students understand the internship experience.",
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    "id": "guttman-000176",
    "code": "LASC 254",
    "title": "Capstone Seminar Lib Arts Sci",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course brings together the academic experience of the Liberal Arts and Sciences major through interdisciplinary coursework to explore contemporary issues related to modern society. As a final course in the Liberal Arts and Sciences major, it allows the student to synthesize these diverse inputs into a one-time evocation of the major. Students will work on a collective project, and each student will create a culminating assignment reflecting his or her growth and learning over the course of study.",
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    "id": "guttman-000177",
    "code": "LASC 295",
    "title": "Issues in Global Learning",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Issues in Global Learning embeds short-term, faculty-led global travel programs within a traditional classroom experience. Rich global learning experiences occur as students move through various phases of participation: as they prepare to travel abroad, during the immersion program, and upon return. Students will integrate their learning into their day-to-day lives and develop a greater sense of their place in a complex, globally interconnected world. Issues in Global Learning uses a multi-dimensional approach to consider big questions of the 21st century related to sustainability, climate, food systems, poverty, and globalization, and to explore innovative solutions. Topics will vary.",
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    "id": "guttman-000178",
    "code": "LASC 298",
    "title": "Independent Study",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Independent Study courses at Guttman Community College are courses that go beyond those regularly offered by the college. These courses will feature individual design and initiative on the part of the student and will be focused on a unique academic project or exploration not addressed by regularly scheduled courses at the college. Guidelines for eligibility for Independent Study: - These courses may be taken by individual students or by a small group of students not to exceed four students. - The students must have completed the First Year Experience Core courses and have a minimum GPA of 2.5. - This course will normally be developed by the student(s) and the faculty member working together, They can be designed for anywhere from 1 to 3 credit hours and should use the guideline that each credit hour earned (in a twelve week session) should require approximately 3 hours per week of work on the part of the student (including meeting with the faculty member and working independently). - The form for independent study must be completed, approved, and filed with the registrar prior to the end of the academic session previous to which the work will be completed.",
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    "id": "guttman-000179",
    "code": "LASC 299",
    "title": "Liberal Arts Elective Credit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Liberal Arts Elective Credit",
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    "id": "guttman-000180",
    "code": "LASC 299R",
    "title": "Liberal Arts Elective Reviewed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Liberal Arts Elective Credit Reviewed",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000181",
    "code": "MATH 120.5",
    "title": "College Algebra & Trigonometry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course comprises the same topics as MATH 120: College Algebra and Trigonometry plus an additional lab session to assist students with foundational algebraic skills. It serves to prepare students for the mathematics required in the majors and launch them on a trajectory to Calculus. Algebraic concepts and skills are explored in context, and developed through the manipulation of symbolic expressions, equations, and functions. Verbal, numerical, and graphical representations of functions are employed throughout, with a strong emphasis placed on developing conceptual understanding and procedural fluency. Topics include linear and quadratic equations; systems of linear equations; linear inequalities; radical equations; rational expressions; factoring polynomials; rules of exponents; an introduction to exponential, and logarithmic functions; right-triangle trigonometry; an introduction to radians and trigonometric functions in the unit circle; and modeling realistic situations with functions. Students will use graphing calculators and software to solve complex, real-world mathematical problems. Students will design and carry out a robust project involving algebraic analysis of a real-world issue of interest. For grade replacement purposes, this course is equivalent to MATH 120: College Algebra and Trigonometry.",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MATH 120.5",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000182",
    "code": "MATH 1",
    "title": "Summer Start Math",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This course emphasizes conceptual understanding through in-depth study of algebra and pre-algebra topics including operations with signed numbers, percentages, radicals, polynomials, functions, graphing, slope and linear equations, equations and inequalities, and factoring. Students are given the opportunity to practice thinking like scientists, writing about rich problems, and explaining their reasoning to classmates as they make meaningful new discoveries about math. Students who complete the course take the CEAFE.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000183",
    "code": "MATH 100A",
    "title": "Algebra Practicum",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Algebra Practicum",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MATH 100A",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000184",
    "code": "MATH 100S",
    "title": "Statistics Practicum",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Statistics Practicum",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MATH 100S",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000185",
    "code": "MATH 103",
    "title": "Statistics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will provide students with an in-depth understanding of the fundamental concepts and computational methods of statistics. These concepts will be developed through the question of how to estimate an unknown quantity using sample data. Students will learn to incorporate the foundational concepts of mathematics with statistical analysis to describe and solve real-life problems and questions. Students will be taught to use estimation and precision and will learn the math study skills to assess and enhance their learning, their processes and their results. Students will use statistical software, graphing calculators, Microsoft Excel, MyMathLab and MyStatsLab to carry out a semester-long project involving data description and analysis. Students will work collaboratively and write using appropriate mathematical and non-mathematical language in order to successfully complete their project. Thee topics addressed include: displaying categorical data using tables, bar graphs, and circle graphs; drawing conclusions about categorical data; displaying quantitative data using dot plots, stem-and-leaf plots, histograms and box-and-whisker plots; describing data distributions using measures of center (mode, mean, and median) and measures of spread (standard deviation, range and IQR); Displaying bivariate data using scatterplots; analyzing bivariate data using linear regression; elementary probability; normal probability distributions, sampling distributions; confidence intervals and hypothesis testing of the proportion and the mean.",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MATH 103",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000186",
    "code": "MATH 103A",
    "title": "Statistics A",
    "credits": 1.5,
    "hours": 1.5,
    "description": "MATH 103 A and MATH 103 B are a year-long version, offered in two sequential parts of the single term MATH103 course. This course will provide students with an in-depth understanding of the funda-mental concepts and computational methods of statistics. These concepts will be developed through the question of how to estimate an unknown quantity using sample data. Students will learn to incorporate the foundational concepts of mathematics with statistical analysis to describe and solve real-life problems and questions. Students will be taught to use estimation and precision and will learn the math study skills to assess and enhance their learning, their processes and their results. Students will use statistical software, graphing calculators, Microsoft Excel, MyMathLab and MyStatsLab to carry out a semester-long project involving data description and analysis. Students will work collaboratively and write using appropriate mathematical and non-math- ematical language in order to successfully complete their project. The topics addressed include: displaying categorical data using tables, bar graphs, and circle graphs; drawing conclusions about categorical data; displaying quantitative data using dot plots, stem-and-leaf plots, histograms and box-and-whisker plots; describing data distributions using measures of center (mode, mean, and median) and measures of spread (standard deviation, range and IQR); Displaying bivariate data using scatterplots; analyzing bivariate data using linear regression; elementary probability; normal probability distributions, sampling distributions; confidence intervals and hypothesis testing of the proportion and the mean.",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MATH 103A",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000187",
    "code": "MATH 103B",
    "title": "Statistics B",
    "credits": 1.5,
    "hours": 1.5,
    "description": "MATH 103 A and MATH 103 B are a year-long version, offered in two sequential parts, of the single term MATH103 course.This course will provide students with an in-depth understanding of the fundamental concepts and computational methods of statistics. These concepts will be developed through the question of how to estimate an unknown quantity using sample data. Students will learn to incorporate the foundational concepts of mathematics with statistical analysis to describe and solve real-life problems and questions. Students will be taught to use estimation and precision and will learn the math study skills to assess and enhance their learning, their processes and their results. Students will use statistical software, graphing calculators, Microsoft Excel, MyMathLab and MyStatsLab to carry out a semester-long project involving data description and analysis. Students will work collaboratively and write using appropriate mathematical and non-mathematical language in order to successfully complete their project.The topics addressed include: displaying categorical data using tables, bar graphs, and circle graphs; drawing conclusions about categorical data; displaying quantitative data using dot plots, stem-and-leaf plots, histograms and box-and-whisker plots; describing data distributions using measures of center (mode, mean, and median) and measures of spread (standard deviation, range and IQR); Displaying bivariate data using scatterplots; analyzing bivariate data using linear regression; elementary probability; normal probability distributions, sampling distributions; confidence intervals and hypothesis testing of the proportion and the mean.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000188",
    "code": "MATH 120",
    "title": "College Algebra & Trigonometry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course serves to prepare students for the mathematics required in the majors and launch them on a trajectory to Calculus. Algebraic concepts and skills are explored in context, and developed through the manipulation of symbolic expressions, equations, and functions. Verbal, numerical, and graphical representations of functions are employed throughout, with a strong emphasis placed on developing conceptual understanding and procedural fluency. Topics include linear and quadratic equations; systems of linear equations; linear inequalities; radical equations; rational expressions; factoring polynomials; rules of exponents; an introduction to exponential, and logarithmic functions; right-triangle trigonometry; an introduction to radians and trigonometric functions in the unit circle; and modeling realistic situations with functions. Students will use graphing calculators and software to solve complex, real-world mathematical problems. Students will design and carry out a robust project involving algebraic analysis of a real-world issue of interest. For grade replacement purposes, this course is equivalent to MATH 120.5: College Algebra and Trigonometry with LAB.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000189",
    "code": "MATH 150",
    "title": "The Real Basics of Mathematics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In The Real Basics, students engage in mathematics as mathematics truly is a human endeavor that startles us, infuriates us, exasperates us, and thrills us (perhaps all at the same time); and whose products are sometimes inevitable, sometimes ineffable, and frequently both. This course addresses the three fundamental processes at the heart of all mathematics: counting, classifying, and measuring. Emphasis is placed on the relationships among these processes for instance, how measuring grows out of counting; how classifying enables us to create measurement formulas; and how counting, classifying, and measuring collaborate in the invention of the calculus. Connections between arithmetic and geometry are front and center throughout. The course is designed so that students consider both philosophical and practical matters in a fashion strengthening their knowledge of each domain. An underlying theme is the logic of mathematical discovery, particularly the often-differing standards used by mathematicians and laypersons to decide upon mathematical truth.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000190",
    "code": "MATH 201",
    "title": "Precalculus",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a comprehensive treatment of the conceptual and computational underpinnings of the calculus. Precalculus extends and deepens the functions-based approach introduced in College Algebra & Trigonometry. Verbal, numerical, and graphical representations are employed throughout to analyze functions. Topics include polynomial and rational functions; absolute value; matrices; conic sections; transformations; factoring polynomials; trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions; inverse functions; rates of change; and modeling realistic situations with functions. Graphing calculators and software such as Microsoft Excel and Maple will be incorporated into all aspects of the course. Students will design and carry out a semester-long project involving advanced algebraic analysis of an issue attendant to New York City's development over time.",
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    "source_url": "https://guttman.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MATH 201",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000191",
    "code": "MATH 210",
    "title": "Calculus",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course comprises a thorough treatment of the differential calculus, an overview of the integral calculus, and a study of the connections between them. Students will develop numerical, graphical, and analytic methods to solve problems concerning changing rates of change and measuring curvilinear figures; they will also study the calculus as an abstract symbol system with distinctive operations and rules. The historical development of the calculus will be incorporated as fitting and constructive. Topics include limits, continuity, velocity and acceleration, definitions of the derivative, differentiability, differentiation rules, using derivatives in graphing, derivatives of algebraic and transcendental functions, derivatives of inverse functions, linear approximation, approximating areas of curvilinear regions, the Riemann integral, and the First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Graphing calculators and software such as Microsoft Excel and Maple will be incorporated into all aspects of the course. Students will design and carry out a semester-long project involving a calculus-based analysis of an issue of both historical and contemporary importance to New York City.",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "PSYC 220",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "title": "Voting and Democracy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "title": "Prsnl Finan in Inequitable Sys",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "title": "RC_Mathtcl&QuantveReasng",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Required Core - Mathematical & Quantitative Reasoning",
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    "code": "SCI 215",
    "title": "Science and Society",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "SCI 299",
    "title": "Science Elective Credit",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "title": "Introduction to Sociology",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "SOCI 201",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "SOCI 203",
    "title": "Community Organizing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "id": "guttman-000224",
    "code": "SOCI 214",
    "title": "Social Determinants of Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an overview of the unnatural causes of ill health and situates community health work and work in human services within that multi-causal and contextual framework. While there are individual, physiological, biological and manual sources of ill health, almost all of ill health is associated with the quality of life of the individual and the accumulation of risks they encounter over a lifetime. The course will be organized around four themes (informed by a 2008 PBS video, Unnatural Causes): Good Beginnings; Sustainable Future; Adequate Care; and Ongoing Support. It will highlight the World Health Organization defined Social Determinants of Health. Students will be oriented to understand disease and health as multi-faceted conditions and to understand the levels of risk and support for the individual and for populations. Course activities include analysis of social determinants of health, identification of determinants for specific diseases, interpretation, and research on programs of intervention, partnerships, and/or service appropriate to the social determinants' framework.",
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    "id": "guttman-000225",
    "code": "SOCI 231",
    "title": "Introduction Urban Community",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an overview of urban public and community health, and the fields of work in engaging, understanding, preventing and intervening in illness and disability in our City. Students learn the social and policy factors that influence the health of a community and its members; the emerging roles in community health work; and the role of the health care system in community health. Activities will promote development of critical thinking, technical and analytical skills. Examples of individual, community and social change and service are used throughout the course and discussed in line with social justice and human rights goals.",
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    "id": "guttman-000226",
    "code": "SOCI 299",
    "title": "Sociology Elective Credit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "SOCI 299R",
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    "credits": 3,
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    "code": "SOSC 110",
    "title": "Foundations in Social Sciences",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the major issues and assumptions common to the social sciences: Anthropology, Economics, Psychology, Sociology. The class will focus on how these disciplines understand and analyze human behavior. Through a preliminary inquiry into how scholars and researchers examine the institution of the family, students will become familiar with the questions social scientists ask and the research methods each discipline uses to answer these questions.",
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    "id": "guttman-000229",
    "code": "SOSC 111",
    "title": "Ethnographic Methods at Work",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Ethnographic Methods at Work introduces students to sociological and anthropological perspectives as they examine workplace dynamics, consider their own relationship to work, and record real accounts of working from people across career sectors. The course approaches work as a cultural system invested with meanings, norms, values, customs, behavioral expectations, and social hierarchies. Guided by the ethnographer's assumption that there's \"always more than meets the eye,\" students are encouraged to uncover myths and stereotypes about the work world and gain appreciation of how and why work matters to individuals in a range of occupations. Introductory training is provided in a range of qualitative methods, including autoethnography, interviewing, and observation, underpinning real-world fieldwork that explores disruption, uncertainty, innovation, and diversity in the workplace. Students also draw connections between self and work by engaging with social science research presented in a variety of media, including readings, films, and podcasts, locating their ethnographic findings among these existing portraits of work.",
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    "id": "guttman-000230",
    "code": "SOSC 213",
    "title": "Social Theory at Work ",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Social Theory at Work introduces students to a range of theories on working, participation in the economy, and the reproduction of power and privilege in the labor market. Students read theoretical texts from across the social sciences, engaging with critical concepts such as labor alienation, social reproduction, and class conflict to help them analyze the functions of the contemporary workplace as well as broader systems for the production of wealth and the reproduction of inequality. These theoretical perspectives are then applied to narrative accounts of participation in the workforce, illuminating cultural, social, social psychological, structural, and economic aspects of work through a critical lens. Students will also discover and manipulate quantitative data on occupations and employment trends to explore divisions in the labor market and examine the effects of unionization, privatization, and legislative interventions into workplace law.",
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    "id": "guttman-000231",
    "code": "SOSC 299",
    "title": "Social Sciences Elective Crdit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Social Sciences Elective Credit",
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    "code": "SOSC 299R",
    "title": "Social Sciences Reviewed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Social Sciences Elective Credit Reviewed",
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    "id": "guttman-000233",
    "code": "STABD 100.4",
    "title": "Study Abroad",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Study Abroad",
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    "id": "guttman-000234",
    "code": "STABD 100.6",
    "title": "Study Abroad",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Study Abroad",
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    "id": "guttman-000235",
    "code": "STABD 100.8",
    "title": "Study Abroad",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Study Abroad",
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    "id": "guttman-000236",
    "code": "TWKF 100",
    "title": "TAP for Workforce",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "TAP for Workforce",
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    "id": "guttman-000237",
    "code": "UBST 102",
    "title": "Introduction to Urban Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, students will explore the economic, historic, political, and social forces that shape cities and urban life. An emphasis will also be placed upon understanding the cityscape at the human scale, through the study of how people use and transform the spaces where they live, work and play. Through readings, films, discussions, and research, students will become familiar with key concepts in urbanism and how intersections of race/class/gender inform urban experience. Students will conduct fieldwork in neighborhood public spaces (subways, parks, sidewalks, streets), observe community decision making processes, and visit NYC cultural institutions.",
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    "id": "guttman-000238",
    "code": "UBST 203",
    "title": "Race Ethnicity Commun Develop",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will explore the history and politics of community building with an emphasis on the relationship of race, ethnicity, and equity to the goals of citizen engagement and community planning. We will cover community development's historical roots, as well as the contemporary thinking informing its current directions. In this course, students will gain experience evaluating community-based interventions and insight into the processes of working with diverse communities. Together we will examine case studies of community and social change projects organized by communities of color. Emphasis will be placed on understanding the sociopolitical context in which community development operates, explicitly addressing issues of structural racism and privilege.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000239",
    "code": "UBST 204",
    "title": "Special Topics Urban Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The subject matter in Special Topics will vary from term to term and may include subjects such as Urban Economics or Introduction to Geographic Information Systems. The following is offered as an example based on the former subject. This course applies economic analysis to cities. It focuses on the economic forces that affect the development of cities and the ways local governments influence economic activity, particularly with reference to issues of interest to New York City. The course examines why cities exist and the differential growth within and between cities. It analyzes the decisions made by firms and households to locate within particular areas of cities and examines how economic factors affect urban problems in the areas of housing, transportation, and government finance.",
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    "id": "guttman-000240",
    "code": "UBST 225",
    "title": "Urbanisms Global",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will examine urban issues and the processes of urbanization in an international context. Topics and themes explored will include: the influence of globalization on cities worldwide, and the influential position of cities in the process of globalization (from colonialism to transnational neo liberalization); the significance of cities for addressing the issue of global climate change; comparative perspectives on how cities internationally address pressing challenges such as transportation, housing, and economic development in a post-Fordist economy; the roles of different cities in a global economy: from command and control centers to the rapidly growing megacities of the global south; historical perspectives on global urban development, including the role of certain cities in anchoring and shaping culturally, politically, and economically significant geographic regions; uneven development within and among world cities, and the relationship between urbanization and economic and social inequality; comparative perspectives on the cultural dimensions of urbanism and urbanization; and the role that culture has in shaping the governance, design, and function of cities worldwide.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000241",
    "code": "UBST 253",
    "title": "Urban Research Seminar Cap",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this capstone course, students will conduct an urban research project on a topical urban issue of equitable development policy (e.g., food security, urban public schools, gentrification, unemployment, and affordable housing). Through this project, students will explore and apply qualitative and quantitative urban research methods through field work and analysis. The course will culminate with a final presentation created by students for a public audience. Depending upon the project, the presentation may involve creating a documentary, a website, or a public event, along with written analysis report.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000242",
    "code": "UBST 298",
    "title": "Independent Study",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Independent Study courses at Guttman Community College are courses that go beyond those regularly offered by the college. These courses will feature individual design and initiative on the part of the student and will be focused on a unique academic project or exploration not addressed by regularly scheduled courses at the college. Guidelines for eligibility for Independent Study: - These courses may be taken by individual students or by a small group of students not to exceed four students. - The students must have completed the First Year Experience Core courses and have a minimum GPA of 2.5. - This course will normally be developed by the student(s) and the faculty member working together, They can be designed for anywhere from 1 to 3 credit hours and should use the guideline that each credit hour earned (in a twelve week session) should require approximately 3 hours per week of work on the part of the student (including meeting with the faculty member and working independently). - The form for independent study must be completed, approved, and filed with the registrar prior to the end of the academic session previous to which the work will be completed.",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000243",
    "code": "UBST 299",
    "title": "Urban Studies Elective Credit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Urban Studies Elective Credit",
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    "id": "guttman-000244",
    "code": "UBST 299R",
    "title": "Urban Studies Reviewed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Urban Studies Elective Credit Reviewed",
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  {
    "id": "guttman-000245",
    "code": "WDCE 1",
    "title": "WCDE Placeholder",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Workforce Development and Continuing Education Placeholder",
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