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    "code": "ACC 100",
    "title": "Introduction to Accounting",
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    "code": "ACC 101",
    "title": "Accounting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will study the accounting operations associated with employer payroll taxes and reports. The student will become familiar with accounting for notes payable and notes receivable and interest, and accounting for bad debts. The student will study the accounting processes associated with merchandise inventories, accounting for plant assets and depreciation and accounting for accruals and deferrals. The student will study the accounting process associated with corporate formation and paid-in capital. In addition, The student will develop the ability to analyze and calculate the effects of operating, investing and financing activities on cash and prepare a statement of cash flows. The student will be required to complete a computerized practice set for a corporation.",
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    "code": "ACC 102",
    "title": "Accounting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will study in detail the techniques and methods of managerial accounting and become familiar with accounting for partnerships. Areas of concentration will include: cost concepts and analysis of costs, materials control, accounting for labor, the nature and application of manufacturing overhead, job order cost systems, process cost systems, cost/volume profit analysis, budgeting, and standard costing. Statement of cash flow will be covered in detail, and a comprehensive discussion on long-term liabilities and investments will be presented.",
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    "id": "hostos-000004",
    "code": "ACC 106",
    "title": "Federal Business Income Taxes",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will analyze fundamental concepts of income taxation pertaining to partnerships, corporations, estates and trusts, including topics on corporate distributions to stockholders, business deductions, losses, tax accounting principles, and installment sales. Offered alternating semesters.",
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    "id": "hostos-000005",
    "code": "ACC 110",
    "title": "College Accounting I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
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    "id": "hostos-000006",
    "code": "ACC 111",
    "title": "College Accounting II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "The student will study the accounting process associated with corporate formation, payment of dividends and paid-in capital. Corporate organization, issuance of stocks and dividends, issuance of bonds and related interest accruals will also be discussed in depth. In addition, the student will be introduced to long-term liabilities and investments. The statement of cash flows will be discussed and analyzed in depth. A thorough discussion will cover job order, process costing and standard costs, as well as cost behavior and cost-volume profit analysis. Analysis and interpretation of Financial Statement will be covered.",
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    "id": "hostos-000007",
    "code": "ACC 150",
    "title": "Computerized Accounting",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "ACC 199",
    "title": "Accounting Internship Seminar",
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    "code": "ACC 201",
    "title": "Intermediate Accounting I",
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    "code": "ACC 210",
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    "code": "ACC 250",
    "title": "Personal Income Tax",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will master the preparation of the taxpayer's short form 1040A and long form 1040 with applicable supporting schedules: salaries and wages; interest and dividends; gains and losses; itemized deductions; and adjustment to income, including alimony, moving expenses and employee business expenses will be analyzed.",
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    "code": "ACC 1000",
    "title": "Accounting Elective",
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    "code": "ACC 1111",
    "title": "Accounting Elective",
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    "id": "hostos-000014",
    "code": "ACC 1850",
    "title": "Acc App For Microcom",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course emphasizes management information systems through giving students \"hands-on\" microcomputer experience in the processing of accounting data and solving accounting problems. Areas in which students will prepare computerized accounting records and reports include journals, ledgers, trial balance, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and payroll. Students will explore both spreadsheets and dedicated accounting software (including QuickBooks) and will be introduced to Peachtree.",
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    "title": "Introduction to Anthropology",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "title": "Anthropology Elective",
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    "code": "ASL 1111",
    "title": "American Sign Language Electiv",
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    "title": "Plants and Society",
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    "code": "BLS 121",
    "title": "African Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will identify the main sources and trace the thematic development of African oral and written literature. The student will discuss and evaluate the contribution of literature to African historiography. The student will discuss, analyze, and criticize representative works from such countries as Nigeria, Kenya, and Ethiopia. The works considered will be from the earliest times to the present. Credit will be awarded in either English or Africana Studies.",
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    "id": "hostos-000075",
    "code": "BLS 122",
    "title": "Negritude",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course is designed to explore the cultural, literary, intellectual, political, moral, artistic and social values of peoples of Africa and the African Diaspora as represented in the literature of the Negritude Movement. The course will trace the development of Negritude as a political, literary, cultural, moral movement which attempts to rehabilitate the people of African descent from the psychological and moral degradation of slavery, colonialism and imperialism. The inter-relationship between the Negritude Movement, the Harlem Renaissance and the Pan Africanist Movement will be explored. The critique of Negritude by Anglo-phone African writers and intellectuals will be examined. The issue of alienation, and the dilemma of the assimilated African (I' evolue, I'assimile) will e emphasized.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001146"
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    "id": "hostos-000076",
    "code": "BLS 123",
    "title": "African-American Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This survey course will introduce students to African-American literature pertaining to enslavement and freedom struggles (1700s-1865), Reconstruction to the New Negro (1865-1919), the Harlem Renaissance (1919-1940), Realism, Naturalism, Modernism (1940-1960), the Black Arts Era (1960-1975), and Black-American literature after 1975 to present-day. Course discussions and assignments will task students with identifying and critically analyzing the genre, theme, and relevant literary devices of assigned readings. Students will also explore the intersections between race, politics, and gender to achieve a comprehensive reading of the texts.",
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    "id": "hostos-000077",
    "code": "BLS 123W",
    "title": "African-American Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This survey course will introduce students to African-American literature pertaining to enslavement and freedom struggles (1700s-1865), Reconstruction to the New Negro (1865-1919), the Harlem Renaissance (1919-1940), Realism, Naturalism, Modernism (1940-1960), the Black Arts Era (1960-1975), and Black-American literature after 1975 to present-day. Course discussions and assignments will task students with identifying and critically analyzing the genre, theme, and relevant literary devices of assigned readings. Students will also explore the intersections between race, politics, and gender to achieve a comprehensive reading of the texts.",
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    "id": "hostos-000078",
    "code": "BLS 125",
    "title": "The Harlem Renaissance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to explore the socio-political environment and evolution of Afro-Americans as reflected in the literature of the Harlem Renaissance (1919-1939) in drama, fiction, poetry and other forms of artistic expression. Students will study the relation of the various changes taking place on the social and political scenes during the first four decades of the twentieth century. The birth of the \"New Negro\", the impact of black Art and Music first in Europe and in the United States will be treated through its literature of justification/revolt or literature of racial/ethnic promotion, cultural awareness and identity. The course will compare the works of key figures of the Harlem Renaissance such as Claude Mckay, Counte Cullen, Langston Hughes, Jean Toomer and those writers of the \"lost generation\" such as Hemingway and Fitzgerald. New themes and forms developed by the Renaissance writers and their influence on succeeding generations will be studied.",
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    "id": "hostos-000079",
    "code": "BLS 125H",
    "title": "Harlem Renaissance (HONORS)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "(HONORS)",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BLS 125H",
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    "id": "hostos-000080",
    "code": "BLS 125W",
    "title": "The Harlem Renaissance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to explore the socio-political environment and evolution of Afro-Americans as reflected in the literature of the Harlem Renaissance (1919-1939) in drama, fiction, poetry and other forms of artistic expression. Students will study the relation of the various changes taking place on the social and political scenes during the first four decades of the twentieth century. The birth of the \"New Negro\", the impact of black Art and Music first in Europe and in the United States will be treated through its literature of justification/revolt or literature of racial/ethnic promotion, cultural awareness and identity. The course will compare the works of key figures of the Harlem Renaissance such as Claude Mckay, Counte Cullen, Langston Hughes, Jean Toomer and those writers of the \"lost generation\" such as Hemingway and Fitzgerald. New themes and forms developed by the Renaissance writers and their influence on succeeding generations will be studied.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000081",
    "code": "BLS 130",
    "title": "Black Women Writers",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the works of Black women writers spanning the 18th through 21st centuries. Students will analyze the thoughts, concerns, and words of Black women through their writings – slave narratives, speeches, essays, novels, poetry, short stories, and plays. Selected readings highlight the ways race, class, gender, and other social constructs intersect. Additionally, audio visual resources will help to underscore central themes including migration, motherhood, labor, power, nature, trauma, and love. This course centers Black women as agents of their lives, thinkers, theorizers, and examines the many ways Black women have reimagined our world.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BLS 130",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000082",
    "code": "BLS 131",
    "title": "Black-American Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will be able to trace the major works of art from the earliest times to the present. S/he will analyze the works of art in relation to the cultural and social conditions under which they were produced. The works of Henry Tanner, Aaron Douglas, Charles White, and others will be considered.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BLS 131",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000083",
    "code": "BLS 133",
    "title": "African-American Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The students will trace the music of African-Americans from Africa, their development in the diaspora and the various musical forms up to the present time. The student will analyze the functions of the \"holler,\" work songs, blues, jazz, and other forms.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000084",
    "code": "BLS 141",
    "title": "African-Am & Latino",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will consider the family as a social institution and those behavior patterns which are specific to the African-American and Latino family. Emphasis will be placed on the affective influence of the family environment.",
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    "program_ids": [
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000085",
    "code": "BLS 150",
    "title": "Ethnicity, Health, and Illness",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will investigate the relationship between health, illness, and ethnicity from the standpoint of folk beliefs and traditions rooted in the sociocultural histories of African-Americans, Asians, Hispanics, and other ethnic groups.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001148"
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    "id": "hostos-000086",
    "code": "BLS 150W",
    "title": "Ethnicity, Health, and Illness",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will investigate the relationship between health, illness, and ethnicity from the standpoint of folk beliefs and traditions rooted in the sociocultural histories of African-Americans, Asians, Hispanics, and other ethnic groups.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000087",
    "code": "BLS 161",
    "title": "Hip-Hop Worldview",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an exploration of the nine modes of Hip Hop culture: Graffiti Art, Break Dance, Emceeing, DJing, Beatboxing, Fashion, Language, Street Knowledge and Entrepreneurship. Students will learn to appreciate authentic Hip Hop and distinguish it from imitations and exploitation of the culture.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001140",
      "hostos-001146"
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    "id": "hostos-000088",
    "code": "BLS 201",
    "title": "Black Rebellion and Resistance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers an Afrocentric and revisionist analysis of the role of Blacks in the fight against European conquest in the Americas, which consisted of armed resistance, sabotage, subversion, and the creation of maroon* communities from the early 1500s to the 19th century. After completing this class, students will have an understanding of how Africans and their descendants achieved their autonomy and fostered social, cultural, political and economic practices that neutralized the destructive impact of life under Makumbo (Enslavement). In addition, students willobtain a greater understanding and appreciation of Black women resistance throughout the Americas. *A maroon is a formerly enslaved person who resides beyond official colonial authority after fleeing from their enslaver.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001146"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BLS 201",
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    "id": "hostos-000089",
    "code": "BLS 201W",
    "title": "Black Rebellion and Resistance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers an Afrocentric and revisionist analysis of the role of Blacks in the fight against European conquest in the Americas, which consisted of armed resistance, sabotage, subversion, and the creation of maroon* communities from the early 1500s to the 19th century. After completing this class, students will have an understanding of how Africans and their descendants achieved their autonomy and fostered social, cultural, political and economic practices that neutralized the destructive impact of life under Makumbo (Enslavement). In addition, students willobtain a greater understanding and appreciation of Black women resistance throughout the Americas. *A maroon is a formerly enslaved person who resides beyond official colonial authority after fleeing from their enslaver.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BLS 201W",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000090",
    "code": "BLS 202",
    "title": "African Spirituality",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers an Afrocentric overview of continental and diasporic forms of African spirituality. African spirituality encompasses complex transgenerational beliefs and practices dating back to 5,000BCE ancient Egypt to the practices of Ifa in Nigeria prior to the advent of Makumbo (Enslavement) in the 1400s. African spirituality is truly holistic since it informs every facet of human life. The African worldview acknowledges the importance of maintaining relationships and connections with the cosmic order, that is, the living, ancestors, unborn, supreme being, divinities (ex. Orishas) and the physical environment. An imbalance or breakdown in the relationship with one’s kinship, family, or ancestor(s) can be addressed according to the African worldview. Hence, this course will emphasize how African cosmology and spiritual practices align humans to the cosmic order and in turn played a transformative role in purifying the body and mind; and, repairing imbalances in people, family, community and nation.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000091",
    "code": "BLS 210",
    "title": "Black Cinema",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This survey course puts into dialogue the social, cultural, and historical role of Black Americans in motion pictures, television, and documentary film, and examines the pioneering work of Black filmmakers both independent and mainstream. Hence, students will gain an understanding of the broad cultural, political, social, psychological, economic, and historical contexts in which the Black On-screen Image (i.e., motion pictures, documentary films and television) has evolved to its present state. Course content include Black film scholarship, and films directed by Black filmmakers, and non-Black filmmakers who have shaped and influenced public perceptions of blackness and the Black imaginary. Lastly, this course will guide students in analyzing how Black cinema explores Black agency, generates emancipatory knowledge, and examines the Black experience in the United States by closely exploring the intersections of race, class, gender, and sexuality.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BLS 210",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000092",
    "code": "BLS 1000",
    "title": "Black Studies Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Black Studies Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "hostos-000093",
    "code": "BLS 1111",
    "title": "Black Studies Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Black Studies Elective",
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    "id": "hostos-000094",
    "code": "BLS 2000",
    "title": "Black Studies Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Black Studies Elective",
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    "id": "hostos-000095",
    "code": "BLS 3000",
    "title": "Black Studies Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Black Studies Elective",
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    "id": "hostos-000096",
    "code": "BLS 4000",
    "title": "Black Studies Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Black Studies Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BLS 4000",
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    "id": "hostos-000097",
    "code": "BLS 9000",
    "title": "Black Studies Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Black Studies Elective",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000098",
    "code": "BUS 100",
    "title": "Business Fundamentals",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores the dynamic and evolving nature of the contemporary business environment. Students will gain insights into: (1) Business Ethics and Ethical Decision Making; (2) Management and the Global Business Landscape; (3) How to write business report and present them effectively; (4) How to use spreadsheets to solve business problems; (5) How to use accurate information to foster effective decision making. Students will conduct a research study that requires them to collect and analyze business data about a prominent company, the objective of which is to enhance their understanding of real-world business problems and the analytical methods employed in this course.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001129",
      "hostos-001130",
      "hostos-001131",
      "hostos-001133"
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    "id": "hostos-000099",
    "code": "BUS 100W",
    "title": "Introduction to Business",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will discuss and analyze problems relating to financing and operating a business, and will demonstrate knowledge of the functions of a business including items, such as human resources and market management. The student will explain the principles of business management, such as planning, staffing, organizing, directing, and decision making. The student will participate in individual and group written analysis and oral presentation of cases. The student will also apply analytical thinking by solving business problems using microcomputers in a laboratory setting.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000100",
    "code": "BUS 101",
    "title": "Business-Digital Entrepreneur",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students from the Media Design Programs to the fundamentals of how to start and operate a small business enterprise. Students are introduced to the fundamentals of business as well as common issues encountered by entrepreneurs starting out in the business world. A variety of methods utilized by successful entrepreneurs will be explored and analyzed in order to engage students in discussions of how to succeed in the competitive world of media production. Students will also be introduced to important strategies for the establishment of an independent media company, including concepts in company structure, marketing research, market strategies, legal and tax issues, management practices, cash flow, and investment. The term's culminating project will involve the preparation and presentation of a usable media business plan.This course is ONLY for students in the Digital Media Design Program.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001133",
      "hostos-001138",
      "hostos-001140"
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    "id": "hostos-000101",
    "code": "BUS 105",
    "title": "Personal Financial Planning",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will learn the skills needed by a personal financial counselor. Topics will include consumer credit, budgets, home ownership, insurance, pensions, investing, taxes, and wills and trusts. Computer spreadsheets and case studies will be used.",
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      "hostos-001133"
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    "id": "hostos-000102",
    "code": "BUS 110",
    "title": "Business Ethics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the origins, principles, and practices of business ethics within the context of the work environment. Students will examine, analyze, and discuss ethical issues concerning consumerism, civil rights, ecology, technological change (cyberethics), and social responsibility from a moral and philosophical perspective. Topics will include: contemporary conceptual frameworks for business ethics, the corporation in society, business in its diverse moral contexts, marketplace and workplace issues, and the moral manager. Both descriptive and case studies of unethical decision making in business will be analyzed.",
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      "hostos-001129"
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    "id": "hostos-000103",
    "code": "BUS 110W",
    "title": "Business Ethics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the origins, principles, and practices of business ethics within the context of the work environment. Students will examine, analyze, and discuss ethical issues concerning consumerism, civil rights, ecology, technological change (cyberethics), and social responsibility from a moral and philosophical perspective. Topics will include: contemporary conceptual frameworks for business ethics, the corporation in society, business in its diverse moral contexts, marketplace and workplace issues, and the moral manager. Both descriptive and case studies of unethical decision making in business will be analyzed.",
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    "id": "hostos-000104",
    "code": "BUS 201",
    "title": "Principles of Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will examine the historical, developmental, and contemporary aspect of management. The student will be introduced to qualitative as well as quantitative tools and techniques, and to management case materials. In addition, the student will study the role of the manager as a decision maker in a dynamic environment.",
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    "id": "hostos-000105",
    "code": "BUS 203",
    "title": "Fund of Bus Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on communication skills expected of college graduates entering into business fields. Students who successfully complete this course will be able to produce clear, concise, evidence-based, argumentatively sound, and persuasive professional communication of various types. The course will emphasize the importance of being purpose-oriented and audience-aware. Examples of work to be done include writing e-mails, drafting business memos, creating executive summaries, producing strategic reports, and crafting other types of internal and external business communication. In addition, the course will teach students how to develop good listening skills and also how to develop proficiency in various interpersonal speech situations. The course will inculcate the habit of revising and editing the work one produces, while providing all students with copious opportunities for feedback from their instructor and their peers.",
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    "description": "This is an intermediate-level course designed for students preparing for A+ certification. The course aims to equip students with the essential knowledge and skills required to successfully obtain the CompTIA A+ certification. Students will learn how to install, configure, upgrade, and replace computer system components. They will also gain expertise in troubleshooting processors, memory, storage devices, adapter cards, peripherals, and other system components. Additionally, the course covers the installation, configuration, and troubleshooting of operating systems, laptops, portable devices, printers, scanners, network devices, security measures, and virtualization and cloud computing. Furthermore, students will develop the ability to provide professional IT support and customer service. Topics covered include hardware fundamentals, operating systems, networking, security, and troubleshooting. Through a blend of lectures, hands-on labs, and practice exams, students will be well-prepared to tackle the CompTIA A+ certification at the end of the course.",
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    "code": "CST 150",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Database Syst",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the role and place of databases in Information Systems (IS). The course explains the advantages of databases compared to file systems, describes the basic functionality of the Database Management Systems (DBMS)--the special software needed for running a database, and shows how a database functions with other parts of the IS. The course concentrates on relational databases (RDB), explains the organization of data within tables in the RDB, and the role of the integrity constraints: the primary and foreign keys. The major portion of the course is concerned with Structured Query Language [SQL]-the language of creating and supporting RDBs and manipulating the relational data. The students learn how to create tables, specify constraints, populate tables with data, and manipulate the data: create, update, delete, and retrieve the data. Demonstrations of database concepts and practical work are performed in one of the relational DBMSs. This will include the creation of tables, manipulation of data in the tables, queries using one or more tables, and importing/exporting data to other applications.",
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    "code": "CST 160",
    "title": "Intro to Comp Softw & Oper Sys",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a comprehensive course in the use of operating systems for microcomputers suitable for students’ seeking preparation for A+ operating system certification. The concepts, features, and commands of an operating system are applied to a variety of applications. Programming concepts will be introduced. Students will learn how to install, configure, use, manage, and troubleshoot the Disk Operating System (DOS), Microsoft Windows, and other microcomputer operating systems. Through a combination of lectures, hands-on labs, and practice exams, students will be well-prepared to tackle the CompTIA A+ certification at the end of the course. The goal of this class is to help students pass the 220-1002 certification exam.",
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    "code": "CST 220",
    "title": "Networking Fundamentals & Pri",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an intermediate-level course designed for students preparing for Network+ certification. This course provides comprehensive coverage of networking principles and practices, aligned with the objectives of the CompTIA Network+ N10-009 certification exam. Students will gain an in-depth understanding of network protocols, topologies, hardware, cloud technologies, network design, security, and troubleshooting. Throughout the course, students will explore high-level networking concepts through updated cloud, virtualization, and simulation projects. They will gain hands-on experience with hardware, software, operating systems, and device interactions. Scenario-based questions and discussion prompts will facilitate critical thinking and practical application of networking principles. Topics covered include Network Fundamentals such as understanding protocols, topologies, and basic networking concepts. Network Infrastructure focuses on the exploration of hardware components, network design, and implementation. Cloud and Virtualization covers updated projects focusing on cloud services and virtual environments. This course is ideal for individuals aiming to advance their networking skills and achieve CompTIA Network+ certification, providing them with the expertise to design, implement, and manage robust network systems. Through a blend of lectures, hands-on labs, and practice exams, students will be well-prepared to tackle the CompTIA Network+ certification at the end of the course.",
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    "code": "CST 230",
    "title": "Intro to Web Programming",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on how to design and maintain interactive and dynamic Web sites using HTML, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and client-side scripting with JavaScript. The goal is to develop dynamic, effective, and pleasing Web sites. The students will learn JavaScript programming, the JavaScript Data Object Model (DOM), JavaScript event handlers; and how to integrate JavaScript programs in a HTML document. Students will apply this knowledge to create Web sites that include pop-up windows and scrolling messages, as well as to validate forms and enhance the Web pages with the use of images and form objects.",
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    "code": "CST 240",
    "title": "Introduction to Cybersecurity",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This intermediate-level course is designed for students preparing for Security+ certification, introducing essential concepts of network and computer security. It provides a thorough understanding of security concepts, equips students with the skills needed to pass the exam, and prepares them for careers in cybersecurity by emphasizing practical, real-world applications and fostering critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Ideal for both beginners and those seeking to enhance their existing knowledge, the course builds a strong foundation in network and computer security. Topics covered include information security principles, types of threats and attacks, malware and social engineering protection, application and network attack mitigation, vulnerability assessment and management, host, application, and data security best practices, secure network design and protocols, wireless security, access control and Identity and Access Management (IAM), cryptography basics and solutions, business continuity and disaster recovery planning, risk management, security policies, compliance, legal issues, security administration, incident response, monitoring, and auditing, as well as emerging security threats, technologies, and future trends in network security. Through a blend of lectures, hands-on labs, and practice exams, students will be well-prepared to tackle the CompTIA Security+ certification at the end of the course.",
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    "code": "CST 250",
    "title": "Linux Administration",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This intermediate-level course is designed for students preparing for the Linux+ certification. It aims to equip them with the essential skills to administer GNU/Linux-based workstations and servers. Students will explore a comprehensive range of topics, including the fundamentals of Linux operating systems, installation and usage, and file systems management, by learning how to plan, install, maintain, document, and troubleshoot GNU/Linux operating system services. Topics covered include an introduction to Linux, Linux installation and usage, exploring and managing Linux filesystems, server deployment, shell scripting, system initialization, managing processes, administrative tasks, compression and backup, network configuration, configuring network services and cloud technologies, and ensuring security, troubleshooting, and performance. Through a blend of lectures, hands-on labs, and practice exams, students will be well-prepared to tackle the Linux+ certification at the end of the course.",
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    "code": "CST 260",
    "title": "Cybersecurity Project",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The Cybersecurity project focuses on fundamental concepts necessary to reinforce students’ understanding of cybersecurity. Through the construction of projects, students will learn how networks work and how to secure them and identify the individual or organization who performs the malicious activities and their tools. Students will be also to detect, prevent, and respond to vulnerabilities and threats. Students will also learn the techniques for troubleshooting their projects.",
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    "code": "CST 1111",
    "title": "Cybersecurity Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Cybersecurity Elective",
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    "code": "CSW 91",
    "title": "CUNY Start: Core English",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "CSW 91 emphasizes analytical and critical thinking through writing assignments across academic disciplines. The student will learn how to use class discussions and readings as the basis for composing organized and well-developed essays. Students work in collaborative groups to analyze and challenge ideas and learn how to revise and edit their work effectively. Additionally, students will be provided with practice in grammar, vocabulary enrichment, and sentence structure. The course will support students' successful performance on the CATW writing test and provide a foundation for further academic work.",
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    "code": "DD 100",
    "title": "Foundation Drawing",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This foundational drawing course focuses on observational drawing. Students will learn to use a variety of drawing tools, draw 3-D objects in one-, two-, and three-point perspective, and generate drawings that explore creative approaches to visual thinking.",
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    "code": "DD 101",
    "title": "Digital Toolbox",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the essential software for creative industries including image editing, vector graphics, and time-based editing tools. The class will provide an overview of the various interface elements and program capabilities through a variety of engaging design projects.",
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    "id": "hostos-000224",
    "code": "DD 102",
    "title": "Media Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides students with a foundational understanding of new media, its definitions, and potential design. We will explore the basic principles and construction methods as well as historical precedents to digital based media. Along the way students will gain a better understanding of how computers and their systems work, and be exposed to some of the leaders in digital art and design, as well as being exposed to examples of these leaders? work and their resulting impact on the medium.",
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    "id": "hostos-000225",
    "code": "DD 102W",
    "title": "Media Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides students with a foundational understanding of new media, its definitions, and potential design. We will explore the basic principles and construction methods as well as historical precedents to digital based media. Along the way students will gain a better understanding of how computers and their systems work, and be exposed to some of the leaders in digital art and design, as well as being exposed to examples of these leaders? work and their resulting impact on the medium.",
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    "id": "hostos-000226",
    "code": "DD 103",
    "title": "Digital Photography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the basic technical skills necessary for using a digital camera and image editing software. Students will develop artistic skills in photography through experience in creating, observation and critical consideration of photography. Throughout the semester, students will be expected to photograph consistently, present assignments and projects in class, and there by develop their understanding of, and confidence in, using digital tools and media. Class time will consist of lectures, demonstrations, critique of student work, and lab work. Grading will be determined by participation in these activities, performance on projects presented as well as midterm and final technical exams. These exams will consist of exercises to ensure the understanding of basic camera functions and digital imaging skills. Students will be expected to take advantage of their access to the digital lab’s open hours. Credit will not be granted for both DD 103 and VPA 133.",
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    "code": "DD 103W",
    "title": "Digital Photography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the basic technical skills necessary for using a digital camera and image editing software. Students will develop artistic skills in photography through experience in creating, observation and critical consideration of photography. Throughout the semester, students will be expected to photograph consistently, present assignments and projects in class, and there by develop their understanding of, and confidence in, using digital tools and media. Class time will consist of lectures, demonstrations, critique of student work, and lab work. Grading will be determined by participation in these activities, performance on projects presented as well as midterm and final technical exams. These exams will consist of exercises to ensure the understanding of basic camera functions and digital imaging skills. Students will be expected to take advantage of their access to the digital lab’s open hours. Credit will not be granted for both DD 103 and VPA 133.",
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    "code": "DD 104",
    "title": "Color Theory & Design",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides students with a foundational understanding of color from the perspective of design, and helps students to recognize how color choices can enhance or undermine an intended message. The class will explore the basic principles of color theory and its history. Students will learn to apply this information to the practice of graphic design through projects and brief research presentations.",
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    "code": "DD 105",
    "title": "2D Design",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will help students to build a familiarity with the use of point, line, shape, value and texture in order to create effective compositions. Knowledge of these fundamentals and how they work will help them to better understand design across media platforms. Students will explore scale, contrast, emphasis, pattern, as well as rhythm by means of exercises and readings. These readings and exercises will serve as a foundation for their future careers in design.",
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    "id": "hostos-000230",
    "code": "DD 106",
    "title": "Introduction to Usable Design",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will explore primary issues relating to usability studies, why they are necessary, their application, and their influence on design. Students will investigate various methods of conducting usability studies for original designs through testing scenarios and heuristic analysis. Students will then analyze their collected data and learn to apply that data to their own (and each other?s) designs. The final assignment will revolve around the presentation of a paper analyzing a design of their own, the testing process and the influence of testing on that design.",
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    "code": "DD 107",
    "title": "Concepts in Animation",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to principles and techniques of character animation. With an emphasis on process, experimentation, and critical thinking, students will explore techniques for depicting movement, expression and emotion through an assortment of projects working with traditional and digital animation techniques. Projects will involve physical movement, narrative structure, character development and sound design. By terms end each student will have the beginnings of a sophisticated animation portfolio.",
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    "code": "DD 108",
    "title": "Visual Narrative",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores the techniques of visual storytelling through the analysis, critiquing and development of storyboards, graphic novels and comics with the purpose of further understanding the meaning and structure underlying all stories and time-based media. This course explores: Basic Story Structure: (Inciting Incident, Gap Widening Events, Climax, Resolution); The Basic Principles of Story Telling: (Crisis Decision, Risk = Motivation, The Basic Elements of Comedy, Types of Conflict, Story Argument, Status, Set Up and Pay Off, Subtext); How to Tell a Story Visually (Panels, Framing, Composition, Lay Out, Elements of Design).",
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    "code": "DD 111",
    "title": "Introduction to Sound Design",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to basic sound recording, sound and music editing for multimedia. In this course, students will explore recording dialogue, narration, sound effects and foley for an assortment of projects. Assignments will involve learning how to use microphones, edit and mix sound and music in audio editing software, work collaboratively and have a more comprehensive understanding of sound and music design for commercial and independent multimedia.",
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    "code": "DD 112",
    "title": "Web Design I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces web design principles and basic programming techniques for developing effective and functional web sites.The course provides students with a foundation in hand coding in hypertext markup language (HTML) and cascading style sheets (CSS). Course work will emphasize information design, hierarchical and navigational models, screen-based design considerations, and current industry trends.",
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    "code": "DD 113",
    "title": "Motion Graphics and Animation",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to motion graphics and animated short film production through the use of current industry standard software. Students will gain insight into making both independent and commercial animated shorts, through critical viewing, lectures, in-class exercises, and creative projects.",
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    "code": "DD 114",
    "title": "Digital Illustration I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "DD 120",
    "title": "Typography I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides students with a foundational understanding of typography, its history, principles, considerations, and techniques. Bridging the gap between visual design and language, typography is one of the most important elements of graphic design. The course will explore the power of communication that the letterform holds, and the rules that guide a typographer's hand. Through a series of readings and exercises, students will gain insight into the world of typography.",
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    "code": "DD 200",
    "title": "Animation History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the history and development of the field of animation. We will explore this subject from various perspectives: by chronology, from its prehistory before the invention of film to the present day; by form, including method and medium; by culture, comparing the US to Japan, Russia, Europe and others; by subject; and by personality, concentrating on the figures who have shaped the art form and continue to influence it through their example. Students are expected to bring an enthusiastic interest in the medium, and to devote serious effort to reading about, viewing, researching and discussing animation and the artists who have created it. During our examination of the artwork, we will pay special attention to the attitudes and influences of race, gender, technology, culture, and the correlation between art and industry. There are several writing assignments, reading questions, and quizzes throughout the quarter, in addition to a scaffolded final research paper.",
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    "id": "hostos-000239",
    "code": "DD 201",
    "title": "Communication Design",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course provides students with a culminating experience via integrating knowledge and design skills obtained from all courses into a series of intensive communication design projects. Students will explore primary issues relating to communication design, its practice and application. Projects involving research and analysis, as well as practical application will allow students to put into practice what they have learned thus far. Students will follow appropriate design procedures to produce a prototype of a substantial and professional level project to be featured in their portfolio. Simultaneously, students will learn and practice project management, collaboration and presentation skills that are essential in their future as communication designers.",
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    "code": "DD 202",
    "title": "Video Production",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This class is designed to build a strong foundation in all aspects of digital video production and editing. Students will learn everything from basic editing skills to creating transitions and motion effects, real-time color correcting, titling techniques, editing multi-camera projects, and outputting video for a wide array of mediums. Projects will help students to develop their strengths, explore new forms if visual expression and experience the thrill of creating their own professional quality video projects.",
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    "code": "DD 203",
    "title": "Digital Photography for Design",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course helps students to refine their technical skills for using digital cameras and digital imaging software, and to further develop students? individual style in photography through experience in creating, looking at and talking about photography. In addition the class will consider the photograph from a designer's perspective. Throughout the semester, students are expected to photograph consistently, present assignments and projects in class, and develop their understanding and confidence in using digital tools and media. Class time will consist of lecture, demonstrations, discussions of student work, and lab time. Students will have the opportunity to show their work for the critique throughout the semester. There will also be a midterm and final technical exam. Each exam consists of exercises to ensure the understanding of camera functions and digital imaging skills. Students are expected to take advantage of their access to the digital’s lab open hours.",
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    "code": "DD 205",
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    "code": "DD 307",
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    "code": "DEN 122",
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    "code": "DEN 123",
    "title": "Oral Embryology & Histology",
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    "description": "The student will be able to understand the origins of human tissues and relate these to the clinical Dental Hygiene practicum, emphasizing the histological foundations of preventive dentistry. Orofacial embryology and histology will be a basis for future understanding of periodontology, general and oral pathology, and for making clinical evaluations of patients with common oral diseases.",
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    "code": "DEN 123H",
    "title": "Oral Emb & His (HONORS)",
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    "code": "DEN 129",
    "title": "Clinic I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In a clinical setting, the student will demonstrate procedures relative to dental hygiene therapeutic treatment. Procedures include taking health histories and other screening procedures, performing the oral prophylaxis, applying preventive treatment, and patient educating.",
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    "code": "DEN 130",
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    "code": "DEN 131",
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    "code": "DEN 132",
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    "code": "DEN 210",
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    "code": "DEN 212",
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    "code": "DEN 213",
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    "code": "DEN 213H",
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    "id": "hostos-000276",
    "code": "DEN 219",
    "title": "Clinic II",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "DEN 220",
    "title": "Community Dental Health",
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    "hours": 1.5,
    "description": "The student will be able to provide dental health services to the community using program planning, health, education, and population survey techniques. Learning methods include seminar, field experience, and lectures.",
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    "code": "DEN 221",
    "title": "Pharmacology",
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    "hours": 1.5,
    "description": "The student will list the following characteristics of drugs used in the clinical practice of dental hygiene and dentistry: action and use, methods of administration, and toxicology.",
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    "id": "hostos-000279",
    "code": "DEN 222",
    "title": "Dental Specialties",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course will heighten the dental hygiene student's understanding and knowledge of the dental patients with varying medical conditions through case base learning, critical thinking exercises, scenarios, reflection and discussion. This course will serve as an onsite internship where students will be required to synthesize and apply the information to plan manage care for the pediatric, geriatric, adult, periodontal and the medical compromised patients.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DEN 222",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "EN 102SGI",
    "title": "Reading & Composit. (SGI-WKSP)",
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    "description": "Reading Skills and Composition (Small tutorial Group Initiative Workshop) expedites students' learning of basic reading and writing skills needed to pass the CUNY Reading Test: comprehension of college-level texts, vocabulary enrichment, summarizing, criticalthinking, logical flow of ideas, and control of grammar and mechanics. Simultaneously, this course further develops students' composing and revision skills so that they will be able to produce the increasingly complex and better structured essays expected of students who successfully complete ENG 110. Toward that end, students will learn how to use class discussions and interdisciplinary readings as the bases for both expository and researched essays.Reading and responding to interdisciplinary texts representing various rhetorical modes, students will gain further practice in paraphrasing and summarizing, enrich their vocabulary and improve their writing, revision, and proofreading skills. Additionally, students will be introduced to the use of print and on-line secondary sources. Upon completion of the course, students will be able to respond critically to a variety of texts, integrating their own ideas with those presented in the readings.",
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    "code": "ENG 10",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "The Accelerated Learning Program (ALP) links ENG 110: Expository Writing and a non-credit bearing course, ENG 10: Accelerated Writing Skills. ENG 10 integrates developmental students into a college-level English course. The main objective of ENG 10 is to reinforce the skills learned in the required composition course by providing faculty-led, individualized instruction in a section capped at ten students. The two additional hours of instruction will reinforce reading, composition, and revision strategies so that students will be able to produce essays expected of students who successfully complete ENG 110, Expository Writing.",
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    "code": "ENG 89",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course introduces incoming students to the composing process. Students will write essays in response to classroom discussions and assigned readings at the college level. Emphasis is on principles of grammar, sentence structure, and paragraph development. Students will learn strategies to develop academic vocabulary and proofreading and editing skills.",
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    "code": "ENG 90",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course provides students with extensive writing practice. Emphasis is on essay organization and development. Students are introduced to college writing strategies of organization, including narration, description, argument, and comparison and contrast.",
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    "id": "hostos-000355",
    "code": "ENG 91",
    "title": "Core English",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "As the core of Libra, a blocked interdisciplinary program, English 1301 emphasizes analytical and critical thinking through writing assignments across academic disciplines. The student will learn how to use class discussions and readings as the basis for composing organized and well-developed essays. Students work in collaborative groups to analyze and challenge ideas and learn how to revise and edit their work effectively. Additionally, students will be provided with practice in grammar, vocabulary enrichment, and sentence structure.",
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    "id": "hostos-000356",
    "code": "ENG 92",
    "title": "Developmental Rdg",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "As the complement to English 1301, English 1399 is a reading course designed to help students develop strategies for improving comprehension through discussions of and written responses to cross-disciplinary texts. Students will learn to become active readers, to summarize and explain their understanding of ideas, and to support their analyses with appropriate references to the readings. By the end of the semester, students will have acquired strategies for improving their reading speed and their close reading skills, and for performing successfully on the CUNY/ACT reading test.",
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    "id": "hostos-000357",
    "code": "ENG 93",
    "title": "Core Reading and Writing",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "English 93 is an integrated reading and writing course that emphasizes analytical and critical thinking through reading and writing assignments across academic disciplines. Students will develop strategies for vocabulary development, comprehension, and analysis. Students will discuss and write responses to cross-disciplinary texts and become active readers and writers who summarize and support their analysis with textual evidence. Students will plan, write, and revise formal essays. Students will acquire strategies for improving their reading, thinking, and writing skills. Student success will be assessed by both the CAT-W exam and a portfolio of formal writing collected from the work done during the semester.",
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    "id": "hostos-000358",
    "code": "ENG 94",
    "title": "Skills and Written Composition",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course expedites students? learning of the basic reading, writing and critical thinking skills necessary to pass the ACT midway through the semester and strengthens their composing skills so that they will be able to produce the increasingly complex essays expected of students in ENG 110 by the end of the semester. The course provides extensive expository writing practice using readings studied at the 110 level. Students will submit at least six revised essays in modes such as description, narration, comparison/contrast, process analysis, argumentation and cause and effect. They will be introduced to the use of print and online secondary sources and complete a research project.",
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    "code": "ENG 100",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "ENG 101",
    "title": "Writing Skills and Composition",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Writing Skills and Composition combines, in one semester, the work that is usually done in two different courses, developmental writing and ENG 110. This course develops students’ composition and revision skills so that they will be able to produce the increasingly complex and better-structured essays expected of students who successfully complete ENG 110. Students will learn how to use class discussions and interdisciplinary readings as the basis for both expository essays and research projects. Students will read and respond to interdisciplinary texts representing various rhetorical modes. Students will gain further practice in paraphrasing and summarizing, enrich their vocabulary and improve their writing, revision, and proofreading skills. Students will be introduced to the use of print and on-line secondary sources. Students will be able to respond critically, in writing, to a variety of texts, integrating their own ideas with those presented in the readings. To pass ENG 101, students must pass all components of the developmental writing course and ENG 110.",
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    "code": "ENG 102",
    "title": "Reading Skills and Composition",
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    "description": "Reading Skills and Composition combines, in one semester, the work that is usually done in two different courses, developmental reading and ENG 110. This course develops students’ composition and revision skills so that they will be able to produce the increasingly complex and better-structured essays expected of students who successfully complete ENG 110. Students will learn how to use class discussions and interdisciplinary readings as the basis for both expository essays and research projects. Students will read and respond to interdisciplinary texts representing various rhetorical modes. Students will gain further practice in paraphrasing and summarizing, enrich their vocabulary and improve their writing, revision, and proofreading skills. Students will be introduced to the use of print and on-line secondary sources. Students will be able to respond critically, in writing, to a variety of texts, integrating their own ideas with those presented in the readings. To pass ENG 102, students must pass all components of the developmental reading course and ENG 110.",
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    "code": "ENG 110",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "ENG 110H",
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    "code": "ENG 111",
    "title": "Literature and Composition",
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    "code": "ENG 111H",
    "title": "Lit & Composi (HONORS)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "English 111, the second semester of freshman composition and a foundational writing course, introduces students to techniques for close reading of literary texts. This course develops students' critical thinking skills through the study of literary elements such as plot, character, setting, point of view, symbolism, and irony. Additionally, students will learn the Modern Language Association (MLA) system of parenthetical citation and how to incorporate quotations into their analyses of literary texts; they will also complete a research paper by consulting both print and on-line sources. By the end of the semester, students will be able to interpret and write critically about each of the three major genres: poetry, fiction, and drama. (HONORS)",
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    "code": "ENG 200",
    "title": "Medieval & Renaissance Lit",
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    "title": "Medieval & Renaissance Lit",
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    "description": "Focuses on Late Medieval and Renaissance literature. Lays a foundation for further literary studies by evaluating the antecedents of contemporary texts. Introduces the interdisciplinary fields of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, and explores the history, politics and culture of the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance from a number of different theories and perspectives. Analyzes the ways in which the geography of Europe, the influence of European cultures, and the ruling class's attitudes to social differentiation, gender and belief shaped the development of literature.",
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    "code": "ENG 202",
    "title": "Technical Writing",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, students will perform tasks related to the technical writing process in order to write effectively on the job. In addition to learning to generate written documents for the technical and business professions, this course will focus on skills such as defining purpose, understanding readers, understanding clients, constructing effective sentences and paragraphs, composing drafts, testing drafts and revising the quality of finished documents. At the completion of the course, students will be able to create communications that will succeed in the workplace.",
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    "code": "ENG 202W",
    "title": "Technical Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, students will perform tasks related to the technical writing process in order to write effectively on the job. In addition to learning to generate written documents for the technical and business professions, this course will focus on skills such as defining purpose, understanding readers, understanding clients, constructing effective sentences and paragraphs, composing drafts, testing drafts and revising the quality of finished documents. At the completion of the course, students will be able to create communications that will succeed in the workplace.",
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    "id": "hostos-000370",
    "code": "ENG 203",
    "title": "Creative Writing Workshop",
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    "description": "This course, offered in a workshop format, will introduce students to various aspects of craft writing fiction, poetry, and personal memoir/autobiography. Reading form the work of established writers will serve as a frame for explorations of different genres, focusing on the essentials of literary criticism as a means of understanding these works. Students will be encouraged to pursued publication possibilities in small presses as well as online websites and e-zines.",
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      "hostos-001132",
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    "code": "ENG 203W",
    "title": "Creative Writing Workshop",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course, offered in a workshop format, will introduce students to various aspects of craft writing fiction, poetry, and personal memoir/autobiography. Reading form the work of established writers will serve as a frame for explorations of different genres, focusing on the essentials of literary criticism as a means of understanding these works. Students will be encouraged to pursued publication possibilities in small presses as well as online websites and e-zines.",
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    "code": "ENG 204",
    "title": "Creative Non-Fiction",
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    "description": "A creative writing course and workshop in autobiography and memoir, the course will focus on critical reading of significant works in the genre, on the tools used to craft these works and analysis of how personal experience can be intertwined with first hand research and secondary sources in creative ways. Students will be expected to practice the craft and submit original creative works to workshop through several short essays and to produce one full length essay. A final portfolio will include the full-length essay of 8-12 pages as well as critiques, several short papers and assignments produced and developed through workshops.",
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    "code": "ENG 204W",
    "title": "Creative Non-Fiction",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A creative writing course and workshop in autobiography and memoir, the course will focus on critical reading of significant works in the genre, on the tools used to craft these works and analysis of how personal experience can be intertwined with first hand research and secondary sources in creative ways. Students will be expected to practice the craft and submit original creative works to workshop through several short essays and to produce one full length essay. A final portfolio will include the full-length essay of 8-12 pages as well as critiques, several short papers and assignments produced and developed through workshops.",
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    "id": "hostos-000374",
    "code": "ENG 210",
    "title": "Studies in Fiction",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course students will further develop skills in the interpretation and written analysis of prose fiction by a diverse selection of major writers. Students will write several essays and will complete at least one research paper. By the semester's end, students will be able to compare the various writers' works, interpreting their themes, narrative styles, characterizations, and points of view, with attention to each author's particular contribution to prose fiction.",
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    "code": "ENG 210H",
    "title": "Studies in Fiction (HONORS)",
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    "description": "In this course students will further develop skills in the interpretation and written analysis of prose fiction by a diverse selection of major writers. Students will write several essays and will complete at least one research paper. By the semester's end, students will be able to compare the various writers' works, interpreting their themes, narrative styles, characterizations, and points of view, with attention to each author's particular contribution to prose fiction. (HONORS)",
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    "title": "Studies in Fiction",
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    "description": "In this course students will further develop skills in the interpretation and written analysis of prose fiction by a diverse selection of major writers. Students will write several essays and will complete at least one research paper. By the semester's end, students will be able to compare the various writers' works, interpreting their themes, narrative styles, characterizations, and points of view, with attention to each author's particular contribution to prose fiction.",
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    "id": "hostos-000377",
    "code": "ENG 211",
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    "description": "Students will analyze major works of 20th century American fiction, identifying their themes, styles, and structural components. A variety of male and female novelists will be studied in relation to their cultural milieu. Students will write short papers and complete one research project using print and on-line resources. By the end of the semester, students will have broadened their perspective of American literature and culture as seen through the works studied.",
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    "title": "Modern American Novel (HONORS)",
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    "description": "Students will analyze major works of 20th century American fiction, identifying their themes, styles, and structural components. A variety of male and female novelists will be studied in relation to their cultural milieu. Students will write short papers and complete one research project using print and on-line resources. By the end of the semester, students will have broadened their perspective of American literature and culture as seen through the works studied. (HONORS)",
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    "code": "ENG 211W",
    "title": "The Modern American Novel",
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    "description": "Students will analyze major works of 20th century American fiction, identifying their themes, styles, and structural components. A variety of male and female novelists will be studied in relation to their cultural milieu. Students will write short papers and complete one research project using print and on-line resources. By the end of the semester, students will have broadened their perspective of American literature and culture as seen through the works studied.",
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    "id": "hostos-000380",
    "code": "ENG 212",
    "title": "Studies in Drama",
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    "id": "hostos-000381",
    "code": "ENG 212H",
    "title": "Studies in Drama (HONORS)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course students will read, discuss, and closely analyze works by playwrights such as Ibsen, García Lorca, Williams, Brecht, Miller, Hansberry, Wilson, and Deveare Smith. Whenever possible, the class will see selected plays in live performance or by viewing videos. Students will demonstrate their ability to analyze and interpret drama through a variety of writing assignments, including a research paper using both print and on-line resources. By the end of the semester, students will have gained an understanding of different performance styles, dramatic structures, and theatre movements. (HONORS)",
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    "id": "hostos-000382",
    "code": "ENG 212W",
    "title": "Studies in Drama",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will read, discuss, and closely analyze works by a variety of playwrights. In addition, students will experience theatrical performances, both live and on film. By the end of the semester, students will be able to critically identify the elements and function of dramatic structure, gain an understanding of dramatic genres such as comedy and tragedy, and learn about theatrical movements from antiquity to modern times.",
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    "id": "hostos-000383",
    "code": "ENG 213",
    "title": "Shakespeare",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course students will examine Shakespeare's life within the cultural and political influences of his age and trace the evolution of the playwright's career through close study of selected Shakespearean histories, comedies, and tragedies. Students will be encouraged to attend performances and/or view videotapes of his plays. Development of the students' ability to read and understand the Shakespearean play within the genre of drama is a primary objective of the course. Students will write short papers and complete one research project using print and on-line resources. Upon completion of this writing-intensive course, students will have gained an in-depth understanding of the playwright, his works, and the time and place in which he lived and wrote.",
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    "code": "ENG 213H",
    "title": "Shakespeare (HONORS)",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, students will examine Shakespeare's life within the cultural and political influences of his age and trace the evolution of the playwright's career through close study of selected Shakespearean histories, comedies, and tragedies. Students will be encouraged to attend performances and/or view videotapes of his plays. Development of the students' ability to read and understand the Shakespearean play within the genre of drama is a primary objective of the course. Students will write short papers and complete one research project using print and on-line resources. Upon completion of this writing-intensive course, students will have gained an in-depth understanding of the playwright, his works, and the time and place in which he lived and wrote. (HONORS)",
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    "id": "hostos-000385",
    "code": "ENG 213W",
    "title": "Shakespeare",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course students will examine Shakespeare's life within the cultural and political influences of his age and trace the evolution of the playwright's career through close study of selected Shakespearean histories, comedies, and tragedies. Students will be encouraged to attend performances and/or view videotapes of his plays. Development of the students' ability to read and understand the Shakespearean play within the genre of drama is a primary objective of the course. Students will write short papers and complete one research project using print and on-line resources. Upon completion of this writing-intensive course, students will have gained an in-depth understanding of the playwright, his works, and the time and place in which he lived and wrote.",
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    "id": "hostos-000386",
    "code": "ENG 214",
    "title": "Readings in Poetry",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the genre of poetry, this course will expose students to a selection of poems that are generally regarded as classics. Students will learn to summarize, discuss, and interpret these poems, thus increasing their familiarity with ways that various poets use image, metaphor, alliteration, onomatopoeia, pun, verse, and rhythm. To demonstrate their control of the course materials, students will write explications and critical commentary about selected texts, at times using print and on-line sources as well as conventions for citation. By the end of the semester, students will be able to use the critical terms taught in class to analyze a range of poetry, spanning several centuries, cultures, and representing different forms.",
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    "id": "hostos-000387",
    "code": "ENG 214W",
    "title": "Readings in Poetry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the genre of poetry, this course will expose students to a selection of poems that are generally regarded as classics. Students will learn to summarize, discuss, and interpret these poems, thus increasing their familiarity with ways that various poets use image, metaphor, alliteration, onomatopoeia, pun, verse, and rhythm. To demonstrate their control of the course materials, students will write explications and critical commentary about selected texts, at times using print and on-line sources as well as conventions for citation. By the end of the semester, students will be able to use the critical terms taught in class to analyze a range of poetry, spanning several centuries, cultures, and representing different forms.",
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    "id": "hostos-000388",
    "code": "ENG 215",
    "title": "The Bible and Literature",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the Judeo-Christian Bible and examines the textual history and exegesis of selected Biblical texts. Students will consider the history of the Bible in English, and explore how the Bible has been used and alluded to in literature. Upon completion of this course, students will have gained insight into the ways that writers and artists approach and understand the Bible.",
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    "code": "ENG 215H",
    "title": "The Bible & Literature (HONORS",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the Judeo-Christian Bible and examines the textual history and exegesis of selected Biblical texts. Students will consider the history of the Bible in English, and explore how the Bible has been used and alluded to in literature. Upon completion of this course, students will have gained insight into the ways that writers and artists approach and understand the Bible. (HONORS)",
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    "id": "hostos-000390",
    "code": "ENG 215W",
    "title": "The Bible and Literature",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the Judeo-Christian Bible and examines the textual history and exegesis of selected Biblical texts. Students will consider the history of the Bible in English, and explore how the Bible has been used and alluded to in literature. Upon completion of this course, students will have gained insight into the ways that writers and artists approach and understand the Bible.",
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    "code": "ENG 216",
    "title": "Holocaust in Literature & Film",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the Shoah or Holocaust as it is depicted in various literary genres such as short fiction, poetry, autobiography, and in fictional and documentary film. Students will explore the basic historical background and narrative of the Holocaust from its origins in European anti-Semitism to the rise of Hitler and the start of World War II through to its aftermath in the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials. Upon completion of this course, students will have gained insight into survivor narratives, the concept of representing the Holocaust, and the debate over the “banality of evil.”",
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    "code": "ENG 216W",
    "title": "Holocaust in Literature & Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the Shoah or Holocaust as it is depicted in various literary genres such as short fiction, poetry, autobiography, and in fictional and documentary film. Students will explore the basic historical background and narrative of the Holocaust from its origins in European anti-Semitism to the rise of Hitler and the start of World War II through to its aftermath in the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials. Upon completion of this course, students will have gained insight into survivor narratives, the concept of representing the Holocaust, and the debate over the ?banality of evil.?",
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    "code": "ENG 221",
    "title": "Intro to Children's Literature",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to the culturally diverse body of children's literature as a field of literary study. After a brief historical introduction in which the development of writing for children is presented in a socio-cultural context, students will read and respond, orally and in writing, to outstanding selections reflecting the multicultural heritage of this literature. Through lectures, class discussion, and supplemental textbook and journal article readings, students will be exposed to folklore, fairy tales, fantasy, poetry, and realistic fiction. As a final project, students will conduct an in-depth genre, author, or cultural study by using print and on-line resources. Upon completion of the course, students will be able to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate literature written for readers from pre-school through young adult.",
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    "id": "hostos-000394",
    "code": "ENG 221W",
    "title": "Intro to Children's Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to the culturally diverse body of children's literature as a field of literary study. After a brief historical introduction in which the development of writing for children is presented in a socio-cultural context, students will read and respond, orally and in writing, to outstanding selections reflecting the multicultural heritage of this literature. Through lectures, class discussion, and supplemental textbook and journal article readings, students will be exposed to folklore, fairy tales, fantasy, poetry, and realistic fiction. As a final project, students will conduct an in-depth genre, author, or cultural study by using print and on-line resources. Upon completion of the course, students will be able to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate literature written for readers from pre-school through young adult.",
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    "id": "hostos-000395",
    "code": "ENG 222",
    "title": "Latin American Lit in Trans",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to Latin American literature in translation, covering fiction, poetry, and the novel from the perspective of multiculturalism and pluralism. Using literary and cultural analysis, students will examine texts for social, racial, and gender issues and explore problems in translation through discussion and papers. Students will also complete one research project using print and on-line resources. Upon completion of this course, students will not only have sharpened their textual analysis skills, but will also have gained a better understanding of Latin American literature and culture, and the problems of translation.",
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    "code": "ENG 222H",
    "title": "Latin Amer Lit (HONORS)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to Latin American literature in translation, covering fiction, poetry, and the novel from the perspective of multiculturalism and pluralism. Using literary and cultural analysis, students will examine texts for social, racial, and gender issues and explore problems in translation through discussion and papers. Students will also complete one research project using print and on-line resources. Upon completion of this course, students will not only have sharpened their textual analysis skills, but will also have gained a better understanding of Latin American literature and culture, and the problems of translation. (HONORS)",
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    "id": "hostos-000397",
    "code": "ENG 222W",
    "title": "Latin American Lit in Trans",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to Latin American literature in translation, covering fiction, poetry, and the novel from the perspective of multiculturalism and pluralism. Using literary and cultural analysis, students will examine texts for social, racial, and gender issues and explore problems in translation through discussion and papers. Students will also complete one research project using print and on-line resources. Upon completion of this course, students will not only have sharpened their textual analysis skills, but will also have gained a better understanding of Latin American literature and culture, and the problems of translation.",
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    "id": "hostos-000398",
    "code": "ENG 223",
    "title": "Women in Literature",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course features analysis of literature by well-known and lesser-known women writers emphasizing conventional and unconventional treatment of gender, including roles, stereotypes, and representations of sex and love. Studying feminist literary criticism about assigned texts, students will examine the interplay of gender, race, class, and sexuality in a writer’s imaginative work. They will also explore how gender-related cultural norms influence a writer’s critical reception. By semester’s end, students will demonstrate knowledge of women writers from a range of historical periods and cultures.",
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    "code": "ENG 223H",
    "title": "Women in Literature (HONORS)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course features analysis of literature by well-known and lesser-known women writers emphasizing conventional and unconventional treatment of gender, including roles, stereotypes, and representations of sex and love. Studying feminist literary criticism about assigned texts, students will examine the interplay of gender, race, class, and sexuality in a writer’s imaginative work. They will also explore how gender-related cultural norms influence a writer’s critical reception. By semester’s end, students will demonstrate knowledge of women writers from a range of historical periods and cultures. (HONORS)",
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    "id": "hostos-000400",
    "code": "ENG 223W",
    "title": "Women in Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course features analysis of literature by well-known and lesser-known women writers emphasizing conventional and unconventional treatment of gender, including roles, stereotypes, and representations of sex and love. Studying feminist literary criticism about assigned texts, students will examine the interplay of gender, race, class, and sexuality in a writer?s imaginative work. They will also explore how gender-related cultural norms influence a writer?s critical reception. By semester?s end, students will demonstrate knowledge of women writers from a range of historical periods and cultures.",
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    "id": "hostos-000401",
    "code": "ENG 224",
    "title": "Literature and Psychology",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce psychology as a tool for interpreting literature. Course readings from the field of psychology will provide students with background about topics such as psychoanalytic theory, relational theory, group process theory, studies of moral decision making and scapegoating, and ideas about madness. Applied to literary study, psychological concepts will illuminate character motivation, differing points of view, and relational conflict as expressed through theme, symbol, imagery, and narrative strategy. By completion of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to interpret literature through the lens of psychological perspectives.",
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    "id": "hostos-000402",
    "code": "ENG 224W",
    "title": "Literature and Psychology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce psychology as a tool for interpreting literature. Course readings from the field of psychology will provide students with background about topics such as psychoanalytic theory, relational theory, group process theory, studies of moral decision making and scapegoating, and ideas about madness. Applied to literary study, psychological concepts will illuminate character motivation, differing points of view, and relational conflict as expressed through theme, symbol, imagery, and narrative strategy. By completion of this course, students will demonstrate the ability to interpret literature through the lens of psychological perspectives.",
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    "id": "hostos-000403",
    "code": "ENG 225",
    "title": "Literature of Black American",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course features the study of autobiography, fiction, poetry, and drama by a variety of African American writers. Students will investigate key themes and tropes in the tradition, and will consider how race, gender, class, sexuality, and geography intersect to create diversity of styles, genres, and motifs within Black American literature. By the semester’s end, students will be able to analyze and compare the different works studied, with special attention to the dynamics of history, culture, and production of literary texts within the African American community of writers.",
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    "id": "hostos-000404",
    "code": "ENG 225H",
    "title": "Lit. of Black American (HONORS",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course features the study of autobiography, fiction, poetry, and drama by a variety of African American writers. Students will investigate key themes and tropes in the tradition, and will consider how race, gender, class, sexuality, and geography intersect to create diversity of styles, genres, and motifs within Black American literature. By the semester’s end, students will be able to analyze and compare the different works studied, with special attention to the dynamics of history, culture, and production of literary texts within the African American community of writers. (HONORS)",
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    "code": "ENG 225W",
    "title": "Literature of Black American",
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    "description": "This course features the study of autobiography, fiction, poetry, and drama by a variety of African American writers. Students will investigate key themes and tropes in the tradition, and will consider how race, gender, class, sexuality, and geography intersect to create diversity of styles, genres, and motifs within Black American literature. By the semester?s end, students will be able to analyze and compare the different works studied, with special attention to the dynamics of history, culture, and production of literary texts within the African American community of writers.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000406",
    "code": "ENG 226",
    "title": "Science Fiction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the literature and films of science fiction and alternate visions of society. Students will explore topics such as the role of science, the technological explosion, world famine, gender roles, human relationships, and the location of power sites in visions of possible futures. Upon completion of this course, students will have gained insight into speculative fiction.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000407",
    "code": "ENG 226H",
    "title": "Lit Of Sci-Fi (HONORS)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to alternate visions of society. It will move from Plato's Republic to works by Shelley, Bellamy, Clarke, Atwood, Huxley, and Bradbury. Students will explore the role of science, the technological explosion, world famine, gender roles, human relationships, and the location of power sites in visions of possible futures. Where available, films will be shown. There will be four to six short papers and a long research project using print and on-line resources. Upon completion of this course, students will have gained a sharper insight into the relationship between time present and time future and the role of literature in imaginatively examining philosophical, scientific, and cultural issues. (HONORS)",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 226H",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000408",
    "code": "ENG 226W",
    "title": "Science Fiction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the literature and films of science fiction and alternate visions of society. Students will explore topics such as the role of science, the technological explosion, world famine, gender roles, human relationships, and the location of power sites in visions of possible futures. Upon completion of this course, students will have gained insight into speculative fiction.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000409",
    "code": "ENG 227",
    "title": "Literature and Aging",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to issues relating to the motivations, transitions, milestones, and conventions of aging. This may include the development and construction of identity and interpersonal relationships throughout the stages of life. Upon completion of this course, students will have acquired an in-depth perspective on the ways in which literature reflects key aspects of the aging process.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001146"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 227",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000410",
    "code": "ENG 228",
    "title": "Literature and Illness",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In Literature and Illness, students explore literary works concerned with medical issues and their ethical, social, and cultural context. Students analyze the perspectives gained through poetry and prose written by doctors, nurses, and patients. Through close Reading and written assignments, students assess the body and its illnesses through the redeeming and transformative power of art. Class readings reflect the healing effects of writing and the importance of living an examined life. In addition, students examine the impact of gender, race, and sexual orientation on attitudes toward diagnosis, treatment, and survival. In this course, students will achieve a greater understanding of illness and wellness through art appreciation: the study of poetry, memoir, short fiction, paintings, and film.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001146"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 228",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000411",
    "code": "ENG 228W",
    "title": "Literature and Illness",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In Literature and Illness, students explore literary works concerned with medical issues and their ethical, social, and cultural context. Students analyze the perspectives gained through poetry and prose written by doctors, nurses, and patients. Through close Reading and written assignments, students assess the body and its illnesses through the redeeming and transformative power of art. Class readings reflect the healing effects of writing and the importance of living an examined life. In addition, students examine the impact of gender, race, and sexual orientation on attitudes toward diagnosis, treatment, and survival. In this course, students will achieve a greater understanding of illness and wellness through art appreciation: the study of poetry, memoir, short fiction, paintings, and film.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 228W",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000412",
    "code": "ENG 230",
    "title": "Language Culture and Identity",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to some of the major issues that arise from the cultural, anthropological, and political aspects of language. Through assigned readings such as autobiographical excerpts, newspaper articles, and scholarly sociological texts, students will examine why they speak the way they do, what effect this has on other people, and what factors make their language what it is. The class will define and discuss such concepts as dialects, bidialectalism, bilingualism, bilingual education, and official English. Students will be asked to make connections to language issues in their native countries or geographical regions. Students will write short papers and complete at least one research project using print and on-line sources. Upon completion of this course, students will have gained an understanding of how language and dialects influence the ways in which people are perceived and treated by different sectors of society.",
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      "hostos-001146"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 230",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000413",
    "code": "ENG 230W",
    "title": "Language Culture and Identity",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to some of the major issues that arise from the cultural, anthropological, and political aspects of language. Through assigned readings such as autobiographical excerpts, newspaper articles, and scholarly sociological texts, students will examine why they speak the way they do, what effect this has on other people, and what factors make their language what it is. The class will define and discuss such concepts as dialects, bidialectalism, bilingualism, bilingual education, and official English. Students will be asked to make connections to language issues in their native countries or geographical regions. Students will write short papers and complete at least one research project using print and on-line sources. Upon completion of this course, students will have gained an understanding of how language and dialects influence the ways in which people are perceived and treated by different sectors of society.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 230W",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000414",
    "code": "ENG 237",
    "title": "Reading Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces techniques for interpreting and writing about film, combining the study of literary elements such as setting, plot, theme and character with the study of filmic elements such as mise-en-scène (staging), cinematography, editing, and sound editing. Students will also examine the basic history of motion pictures, explore common film genres, and analyze the process of adaptation. ENG 237 reinforces research skills using print and on-line sources specific to the discipline of film studies.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 237",
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    "id": "hostos-000415",
    "code": "ENG 237H",
    "title": "Reading Film (HONORS)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces techniques for interpreting and writing about film, combining the study of literary elements such as setting, plot, theme and character with the study of filmic elements such as mise-en-scène (staging), cinematography, editing, and sound editing. Students will also examine the basic history of motion pictures, explore common film genres, and analyze the process of adaptation. ENG 237 reinforces research skills using print and on-line sources specific to the discipline of film studies. (HONORS)",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 237H",
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    "id": "hostos-000416",
    "code": "ENG 237W",
    "title": "Reading Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces techniques for interpreting and writing about film, combining the study of literary elements such as setting, plot, theme and character with the study of filmic elements such as mise-en-sc¿ne (staging), cinematography, editing, and sound editing. Students will also examine the basic history of motion pictures, explore common film genres, and analyze the process of adaptation. ENG 237 reinforces research skills using print and on-line sources specific to the discipline of film studies.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000417",
    "code": "ENG 238",
    "title": "Tutoring Writing English",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will cover the basics of tutoring and common issues discussed in tutoring classes. Through observational analysis and interaction with foundational texts about tutoring, students will continue to develop as critical thinkers even as they grow as tutors. This course views writers as the products of multiple and overlapping cultures. As such, this semester-long investigation into tutoring practices, will allow the work of tutoring to complement the development of a broader awareness of writing and thinking within a cultural context. The course will require two hours a week of tutoring in the Writing Center.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 238",
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    "id": "hostos-000418",
    "code": "ENG 238W",
    "title": "Tutoring Writing English",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will cover the basics of tutoring and common issues discussed in tutoring classes. Through observational analysis and interaction with foundational texts about tutoring, students will continue to develop as critical thinkers even as they grow as tutors. This course views writers as the products of multiple and overlapping cultures. As such, this semester-long investigation into tutoring practices, will allow the work of tutoring to complement the development of a broader awareness of writing and thinking within a cultural context. The course will require two hours a week of tutoring in the Writing Center.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 238W",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000419",
    "code": "ENG 239",
    "title": "Nation Global Lit. in English",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores fictionalized representations of nation from the perspective of writers around the world. Students will consider the development, rise, and fall of national identities, and encounter arguments both for and against the nation’s continued existence. This course stresses how literary works across cultures reference and respond to one another.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001146"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 239",
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    "id": "hostos-000420",
    "code": "ENG 239W",
    "title": "Nation Global Lit. in English",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores fictionalized representations of nation from the perspective of writers around the world. Students will consider the development, rise, and fall of national identities, and encounter arguments both for and against the nation?s continued existence. This course stresses how literary works across cultures reference and respond to one another.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 239W",
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    "id": "hostos-000421",
    "code": "ENG 240",
    "title": "The Graphic Novel",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to the graphic novel, and will examine the cultural history and defining features of the genre. Students will examine the relationship of text and art in the graphic novel. Students will learn to write effectively about the graphic novel in a variety of modes, including a research paper using print and online sources. At the end of the course, students will put knowledge into practice by creating their own short graphic narrative and artist’s statement.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 240",
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    "id": "hostos-000422",
    "code": "ENG 240H",
    "title": "The Graphic Novel (HONORS)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to the graphic novel, and will examine the cultural history and defining features of the genre. Students will examine the relationship of text and art in the graphic novel. Students will learn to write effectively about the graphic novel in a variety of modes, including a research paper using print and online sources. At the end of the course, students will put knowledge into practice by creating their own short graphic narrative and artist’s statement. (HONORS)",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 240H",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000423",
    "code": "ENG 240W",
    "title": "The Graphic Novel",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to the graphic novel, and will examine the cultural history and defining features of the genre. Students will examine the relationship of text and art in the graphic novel. Students will learn to write effectively about the graphic novel in a variety of modes, including a research paper using print and online sources. At the end of the course, students will put knowledge into practice by creating their own short graphic narrative and artist?s statement.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 240W",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000424",
    "code": "ENG 241",
    "title": "Intro to LGBTQ Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to a culturally diverse body of literature that illustrates the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ) experience as a field of literary study. Students will analyze interdisciplinary works such as fiction, creative non-fiction, poetry, drama and film by established and emerging LGBTQ writers. This course will demonstrate their understanding of the development of LGBTQ literature by completing several short essays which may incorporate research using print and on-line sources. By the semester's end, students will be able to examine and compare different works with special attention to the dynamics of history, culture, and the production of literary texts in the LGBTQ community.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 241",
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    "id": "hostos-000425",
    "code": "ENG 241W",
    "title": "Intro to LGBTQ Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to a culturally diverse body of literature that illustrates the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ) experience as a field of literary study. Students will analyze interdisciplinary works such as fiction, creative non-fiction, poetry, drama and film by established and emerging LGBTQ writers. This course will demonstrate their understanding of the development of LGBTQ literature by completing several short essays which may incorporate research using print and on-line sources. By the semester's end, students will be able to examine and compare different works with special attention to the dynamics of history, culture, and the production of literary texts in the LGBTQ community.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 241W",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000426",
    "code": "ENG 242",
    "title": "Writing About Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on ways to think and write about music. The course is generally divided into reading and listening assignments in preparation for writing assignments. Assignments will include descriptive and narrative writing, and expository and analytical assignements about music and its relationship to culture. In addition, students will explore various themes and topics, such as the connection between music, narrative, and cultural memory, and music as an expression of romantic and national feeling. Students will develop the ability to think and write about the means and goals of musical expression as well as the components of musical forms in their most inclusive sense. Additionally, the course will develop the students' writing throug musical perceptivity and sharpen the students' awareness of the relation between writing and musical thought, expression and performance.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001146"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 242",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000427",
    "code": "ENG 242W",
    "title": "Writing About Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on ways to think and write about music. The course is generally divided into reading and listening assignments in preparation for writing assignments. Assignments will include descriptive and narrative writing, and expository and analytical assignements about music and its relationship to culture. In addition, students will explore various themes and topics, such as the connection between music, narrative, and cultural memory, and music as an expression of romantic and national feeling. Students will develop the ability to think and write about the means and goals of musical expression as well as the components of musical forms in their most inclusive sense. Additionally, the course will develop the students' writing throug musical perceptivity and sharpen the students' awareness of the relation between writing and musical thought, expression and performance.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 242W",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000428",
    "code": "ENG 250",
    "title": "Special Topics - Genre",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This class will familiarize students with the major elements of a particular genre - defined by Merriam-Webster as a category of literary composition characterized by a particular form, style or content - through the study of representative works according to a variety of topics and themes. Students will consider works both in terms of their individual merits and their contributions to the genre. In addition, students will consider the relationship between form and theme, and the influences of culture and history on the development of the genre. The class will enhance students' critical understanding of the elements of a particular genre (for example, formal rules of composition, stock characters, and typical settings), and how these contribute to the formulation of its predominant themes.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 250",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000429",
    "code": "ENG 250W",
    "title": "Special Topics - Genre",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This class will familiarize students with the major elements of a particular genre - defined by Merriam-Webster as a category of literary composition characterized by a particular form, style or content - through the study of representative works according to a variety of topics and themes. Students will consider works both in terms of their individual merits and their contributions to the genre. In addition, students will consider the relationship between form and theme, and the influences of culture and history on the development of the genre. The class will enhance students' critical understanding of the elements of a particular genre (for example, formal rules of composition, stock characters, and typical settings), and how these contribute to the formulation of its predominant themes.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 250W",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000430",
    "code": "ENG 251",
    "title": "Female Detective Novel",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This class will familiarize students with major elements of the female detective novel through the study of representative books with a variety of topics and themes. Students will deepen their understanding of this genre through examining texts by different authors both in terms of the works’ individual merits and their contribution to the field. In addition, students will consider the relationship between form and theme in the female detective novel, and any cultural/historical influences deemed worthy of being examined in relation to it. This course will also enhance students’ critical understanding of the rules of female detective fiction in general and how these contribute to the formulation of its predominant themes.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 251",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000431",
    "code": "ENG 251W",
    "title": "Female Detective Novel",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This class will familiarize students with major elements of the female detective novel through the study of representative books with a variety of topics and themes. Students will deepen their understanding of this genre through examining texts by different authors both in terms of the works? individual merits and their contribution to the field. In addition, students will consider the relationship between form and theme in the female detective novel, and any cultural/historical influences deemed worthy of being examined in relation to it. This course will also enhance students? critical understanding of the rules of female detective fiction in general and how these contribute to the formulation of its predominant themes.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 251W",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000432",
    "code": "ENG 252",
    "title": "Artificial Intell & Adv Comp",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduces the history of generative artificial intelligence and artificial general intelligence-driven tools for text creation and analysis. This course examines the impact of generative AI on the creative and literary arts including, but not limited to business and corporate communications, journalism, scriptwriting, and the graphical presentation of quantitative data and processes. This course focuses on common Large Language Model applications, including generative AI tools and plugins, and considers the ethical considerations of using AI, and the future of human and AI collaboration. Students will write short assignments and one research paper. On completing this course, students will have gained an understanding of the current state of AI writing and how it will impact the future of writing.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 252",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000433",
    "code": "ENG 252W",
    "title": "Artificial Intell & Adv Comp",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduces the history of generative artificial intelligence and artificial general intelligence-driven tools for text creation and analysis. This course examines the impact of generative AI on the creative and literary arts including, but not limited to business and corporate communications, journalism, scriptwriting, and the graphical presentation of quantitative data and processes. This course focuses on common Large Language Model applications, including generative AI tools and plugins, and considers the ethical considerations of using AI, and the future of human and AI collaboration. Students will write short assignments and one research paper. On completing this course, students will have gained an understanding of the current state of AI writing and how it will impact the future of writing.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 252W",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000434",
    "code": "ENG 1000",
    "title": "English Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "English Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 1000",
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    "id": "hostos-000435",
    "code": "ENG 1111",
    "title": "English Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "English Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 1111",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000436",
    "code": "ENG 1354",
    "title": "The Modern American Novel",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will analyze major works of 20th century American fiction, identifying their themes, styles, and structural components. A variety of male and female novelists will be studied in relation to their cultural milieu. Students will write short papers and complete one research project using print and on-line resources. By the end of the semester, students will have broadened their perspective of American literature and culture as seen through the works studied.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 1354",
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    "id": "hostos-000437",
    "code": "ENG 2000",
    "title": "English Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "English Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 2000",
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    "id": "hostos-000438",
    "code": "ENG 3000",
    "title": "English Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "English Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 3000",
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    "id": "hostos-000439",
    "code": "ENG 4000",
    "title": "English Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "English Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 4000",
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    "id": "hostos-000440",
    "code": "ENG 9000",
    "title": "English Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "English Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENG 9000",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000441",
    "code": "ENGR 101",
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    "code": "ESL 81",
    "title": "Int Esl I & Lang Wks",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This nine-hour course is comprised of two components: a six-hour intensive ESL writing component and a three-hour language workshop. Students will develop their ability to write narrative, descriptive, and expository essays and will receive additional practice in basic English grammar and verb tenses. Students in Language Workshop I will be responsible for planning and carrying out creative collaborative projects such as original plays and/or magazines.",
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    "id": "hostos-000477",
    "code": "ESL 82",
    "title": "Int Esl Wri & Lang W",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This nine-hour course is comprised of two components: a six-hour intensive ESL writing component and a three-hour language workshop. Students will continue to develop their ability to write narrative, descriptive, and expository essays, with special emphasis on rhetorical modes of argumentation and comparison/contrast. Basic verb tenses and grammatical structures will be reviewed and reinforced and use of more complex tenses and grammatical points will be introduced. Students in Language Workshop II will be responsible for planning and producing creative collaborative projects such as original plays and/or magazines.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000478",
    "code": "ESL 83",
    "title": "Int Esl Reading & Conversat I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to give students extensive practice in the use of all English language skills, with particular emphasis on reading and conversation. The course is intended to help students read and talk about gradually more complex texts in English with greater fluency and comprehension and to develop students' ability to utilize appropriate strategies to make meaning of different kinds of texts. Students will develop their ability to recognize general themes and concepts in their reading, to draw conclusions and make inferences using discussion, summary writing and critical essays. Students will be able to use reading as a way to increase their knowledge of self and the world.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000479",
    "code": "ESL 84",
    "title": "Int Esl Rdg & Conver",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to give students extensive practice in the use of all English language skills, with particular emphasis on reading and conversation. The course is intended to help students read and talk about gradually more complex texts in English with greater fluency and comprehension, and to develop students' ability to utilize appropriate strategies to make meaning of different kinds of texts. Students will develop their ability to recognize general themes and concepts in their reading, to draw conclusions and make inferences using discussion, summary writing, and critical essays. Students will be able to use reading as a way to increase their knowledge of self and the world.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000480",
    "code": "ESL 86",
    "title": "Basic Academic Writing in ESL",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This nine-hour course is comprised of two components: a six-hour intensive ESL writing component and a three-hour language workshop. Students will continue to develop their ability to write narrative, descriptive, and expository essays, with special emphasis on argumentation and comparison/contrast. Basic verb tenses and grammatical structures will be reviewed and reinforced and use of more complex tenses and grammatical points will be introduced. Students in Language Workshop II will be responsible for planning and producing creative collaborative projects such as original plays and/or magazines.",
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    "id": "hostos-000481",
    "code": "ESL 88",
    "title": "Int Esl Rdg & Conver",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to give students extensive practice in the use of all English language skills, with particular emphasis on reading and conversation. The course is intended to help students read and talk about gradually more complex texts in English with greater fluency and comprehension and to develop students' ability to utilize appropriate strategies to make meaning of different kinds of texts. Students will develop their ability to recognize general themes and concepts in their reading, to draw conclusions and make inferences using discussion, summary writing, and critical essays. Students will be able to use reading as a way to increase their knowledge of self and the world.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000482",
    "code": "ESL 93",
    "title": "Basic Composition II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The goal of this 6-hour course is to give learners of English as a Second Language the opportunity to engage in writing as a means of communication. The students will learn the major rhetorical modes through the preparation of written essays. This will be achieved not only through writing itself but also by means of an extensive reading component that has been woven into the curriculum in order to respond to the advanced skills of the students of the class. Reading selections will be analyzed regularly for structure and meaning, and grammar will also be reviewed weekly. In addition, because the readings will be presented in thematic units, students will learn to write summaries reflecting a synthesis of ideas. As is generally the case, students may be referred to the Writing Center for additional work by their instructor.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000483",
    "code": "ESL 94",
    "title": "Readings in the Natural Scienc",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course has been designed to give students who have already taken ESL 92 (“Foundations in Critical Reading”) the opportunity to respond to the challenges of reading advanced texts in the natural sciences. The readings give students a grasp of the major changes that have occurred in the history of science from antiquity to modern times. Students are given an overview of the progress made in each historical period. By offering students key excerpts from authentic reading materials, they study in depth the contributions of one or two scientists in each period. Students become aware of how different discoveries and scientific theories have contributed to society and human development but have also clashed with religious and spiritual views throughout history and resulted in conflicts that have often made life dangerous for the innovators because of the threats their ideas posed to the particular status quo of their time. As various topics are discussed in their specific sociocultural context, students consider the varying “tensions” that often exist between scientists and members of the public media and government policy makers and religious leaders and how the “facts” of scientific discoveries in our natural world are not always embraced by everyone despite their apparent authenticity. They also learn to appreciate how these “tensions” have often been mitigated in time and how, through the progress made through scientific inquiry, we humans have become increasingly aware of our ability to tap the resources of the natural world – in ways that have sometimes proven not only to be to our advantage but also to our disadvantage.In addition to the selected readings, students study a work of fiction or nonfiction during the semester that is related to the scientific experience. Students will have completed a review of this work at the end of the semester.Through the prism of the specific content of the course, students work on refining their reading skills. A conscious effort is made to improve students’ reading comprehension, while focusing on vocabulary development, reference building, past and present, and the critical thinking skills that are essential for success with the college reading experience.The following college-level pedagogical strategies are incorporated into the course curriculum:1. making students aware from the start that reading is a problem-solving process and key to their success in their college programs;2. exposing students to more complex prose so that they will acquire the higher-level vocabulary and advanced reading skills necessary to negotiate the more complex academic discourses they will encounter in the major content areas;3. learning skimming and scanning strategies;4. learning to anticipate outcomes and draw conclusions;5. learning to identify and build connections between central points, main ideas, and supporting details;6. learning to go from literal comprehension of texts to more interpretive, inferential reasoning;7. learning to differentiate between facts and opinions, purpose and tone; different rhetorical modes and text functions;8. learning to critically analyze maps, graphs and charts.9. learning to create outlines and summaries not only for written texts but also for maps, graphs, and charts;10. learning through the reading process how to become better writers; writing in response to reading.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000484",
    "code": "ESL 95",
    "title": "Creative Writing For Esl",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This is a course in which students will enter the world of creative writing. Students will learn to write fiction, memoir, and poetry. They will also learn how to critique and discuss writing in each genre in groups similar to those in writers' workshops. Each writer will practice giving positive feedback and constructive commentary that will encourage revision and editing. The responses will help each student develop his or her own authentic writer's voice. Since language is learned in context and reflects the experience of the learner, bilingualism and multiculturalism will be a natural resource with which students will develop perspective and point of view. As a result of reading, writing and discussing in English, students will become more proficient. At the same time, they will be encouraged to maintain literacy in their native language for the ongoing development of voice and identity.",
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    "id": "hostos-000485",
    "code": "ESL 96",
    "title": "Readings in the Social Science",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course has been designed to give students who have already taken ESL 92 (“Foundations in Critical Reading”) the opportunity to respond to the challenges of reading advanced texts in the social sciences. The readings give students a grasp of major social issues that are presented in both academic frameworks and the public media. Students will respond to authentic reading materials presenting an overview of different viewpoints and including different styles and genres. As various topics are discussed in their specific sociocultural context, students will reflect on conflicting ideas and tensions. In addition to the selected readings, students will study a work of fiction or nonfiction during the semester that is related to a topic in the social sciences. Students will have completed a review of this work at the end of the semester. Students will also read a weekly selection from the New York Times, which reflects an idea presented in a reading discussed in class.Through the prism of the specific content of the course, students work on refining their reading skills. A conscious effort is made to improve students’ reading comprehension, while focusing on vocabulary development, reference building, past and present, and the critical thinking skills that are essential for success with the college reading experience. The following college-level pedagogical strategies are incorporated into the course curriculum:1. making students aware from the start that reading is a problem-solving process and key to their success in their college programs;2. exposing students to more complex prose so that they will acquire the higher-level vocabulary and advanced reading skills necessary to negotiate the more complex academic discourses they will encounter in the major content areas;3. learning skimming and scanning strategies;4. learning to anticipate outcomes and draw conclusions;5. learning to identify and build connections between central points, main ideas, and supporting details;6. learning to go from literal comprehension of texts to more interpretive, inferential reasoning;7. learning to differentiate between facts and opinions, purpose and tone; different rhetorical modes and text functions;8. learning to critically analyze maps, graphs and charts.9. learning to create outlines and summaries not only for written texts but also for maps, graphs, and charts; learning through the reading process how to become better writers; writing in response to reading.",
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    "id": "hostos-000486",
    "code": "FCCE 1000",
    "title": "FC_CreativeExpression",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Flexible Core - Creative Expression",
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    "id": "hostos-000487",
    "code": "FCIS 1000",
    "title": "FC_Individual&Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Flexible Core - Individual and Society",
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    "id": "hostos-000488",
    "code": "FCSW 1000",
    "title": "FC_ScientificWorld",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Flexible Core - Scientific World",
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    "id": "hostos-000489",
    "code": "FCUS 1000",
    "title": "FC_USExprienceinitsDivrsty",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Flexible Core - US Experience in its Diversity",
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    "id": "hostos-000490",
    "code": "FCWG 1000",
    "title": "FC_Wld Cultrs&GlblIssues",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Flexible Core - World Cultures & Global Issues",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000491",
    "code": "FRE 101",
    "title": "Elementary French I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course introduces the basic elements of the language by providing a foundation in grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary. Using a communicative approach, students will learn listening, speaking, reading and writing skills in cultural and social contexts.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRE 101",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000492",
    "code": "FRE 101H",
    "title": "Elementary French I (HONORS)",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "(HONORS)",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000493",
    "code": "FRE 102",
    "title": "Elementary French II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "The course will continue to develop communicative skills for basic social functions in various cultural contexts. Films and other cultural texts will be used to enhance and support learning.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRE 102",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000494",
    "code": "FRE 102H",
    "title": "Elementary French II (HONORS)",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "(HONORS)",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRE 102H",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000495",
    "code": "FRE 117",
    "title": "French for Heritage Speakers",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will support and develop the learning of the French language and of Francophone cultures for newly immigrated students of Francophone backgrounds enrolled at Hostos Community College. The primary objectives of the program are for students to gain a proficiency in French and maintain their connection to their respective cultures and identities. Additionally, the course will encourage students to advance French speaking and writing as part of their skill set in a competitive global job market. The course’s activities, collaborations, and guest speakers will draw attention to the value of language learning on campus, and generally promote an interest in Francophone cultures. The course will be conducted in French.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000496",
    "code": "FRE 201",
    "title": "Intermediate French I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will demonstrate self-expression in French through a systematic review of grammar and the reading and discussion of selected prose and poetry in class. The student will use the language laboratory for supplementary oral drill.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000497",
    "code": "FRE 202",
    "title": "Intermediate French II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will demonstrate self-expression in French through continued systematic review of grammar, the reading and discussion of the works of selected contemporary writers, and the presentation of written and oral reports based on current periodicals, happenings, subjects or personal interest. The student will use the language laboratory for supplementary oral drill.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRE 202",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000498",
    "code": "FRE 321",
    "title": "French Culture and Science",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will read and discuss key excerpts of works by French thinkers who reflect contemporary culture and values. Through classroom demonstrations, the student will identify major research contributions of renowned French scientists, one of whom will be chosen for the written and oral report.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000499",
    "code": "FRE 324",
    "title": "African Literature in French",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will read, discuss, and prepare written or oral reports on the imaginative didactic works of such contemporary African writers as Oyono, Diop, Senghor, Camara Laye, and Franz Fanon and Aime Cesaire of the Caribbean. Philosophies such as \"La Negritude\" will be analyzed as well as political, economic, aesthetic, and linguistic trends in the African nations represented by these men of letters.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRE 324",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000500",
    "code": "FRE 370",
    "title": "Extensive Readings in French",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will read five to seven works from a list recommended by the instructor or suggested by the student and approved by the instructor. The student will submit a written report on each of the readings and will meet with the instructor to discuss these reports.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FRE 370",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000501",
    "code": "FRE 1000",
    "title": "French Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "French Elective",
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    "id": "hostos-000502",
    "code": "FRE 1111",
    "title": "French Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "French Elective",
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    "id": "hostos-000503",
    "code": "FRE 2000",
    "title": "French Elective",
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    "description": "French Elective",
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    "id": "hostos-000504",
    "code": "FRE 3000",
    "title": "French Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "French Elective",
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    "id": "hostos-000505",
    "code": "FRE 4000",
    "title": "French Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "French Elective",
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    "id": "hostos-000506",
    "code": "FRE 9000",
    "title": "French Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "French Elective",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000507",
    "code": "FS 101",
    "title": "Food Studies I: Intro Food Sys",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides students with fundamental knowledge of the food system and all of its components (e.g., agricultural production, consumption, regional linkages, food and agricultural policies). The course begins with an overview of food systems and the field of food studies and progresses through in-depth examination of the food system from a social science lens and a social justice framework. It also examines alternative food movements and includes examples of community groups working to improve the food system in New York City. The final sessions of this course are dedicated to discussions about employment in the food sector and academic fields of study that address aspects of the food system. The course includes field trips and/or guest lectures to complement readings, assignments, and in-class discussions.",
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    "id": "hostos-000508",
    "code": "FS 120",
    "title": "Food Studies II: Food Env Just",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of Food Studies I, delving more deeply into environmental aspects of the food system from natural science and environmental justice perspectives. Topics include methods of agricultural production and how they impact and are impacted by natural systems; nutrient cycling in agriculture and food systems: environmental impacts of food processing, packaging, transportation, and waste disposal. Environmental justice implications of course topics are also discussed. The course includes field trips and/or guest lectures.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FS 120",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000509",
    "code": "FS 130",
    "title": "Food, Culture and Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to cultural food practices across cultures. It explores the interconnections between personal identities and social groups through food production, purchasing, preparation, and consumption. Starts with an understanding of food as a source of human sustenance, the ways in which it is consumed, their symbolism in cultural and religious practices, and its importance as a vehicle for intercultural communication. Traditional practices of key cultural groups represented in metropolis around the globe are analyzed from the perspective of culture, history, religion, nutritional status, traditional practices and culinary adaptations.",
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    "id": "hostos-000510",
    "code": "FS 140",
    "title": "Urban Agricultural Systems",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course addresses the basics of safe and sustainable food production. It includes discussions on topics such as the historical development of agriculture and farming practices, domestication of food crops, plant sciences, ecology, and environmental quality. The course delves into modern agricultural methods and farming practices that impact modern urban societies. Students will participate in handson experiences including practicing hydroponic farming techniques to grow short life leafy vegetables, and traditional farming techniques used in community farms in urban settings.",
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    "id": "hostos-000511",
    "code": "FS 200",
    "title": "Food, Policy and Advocacy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores food policy making, food activism, and policy advocacy initiatives at local, regional, national, and international scales. We begin by discussing the concepts of food policy and food advocacy, and proceed to examine how food policy making intersects with and impacts public health, environment, and the regional food system. Jobs in food policy and advocacy sectors are discussed throughout the semester, and guest speakers are invited to contextualize course concepts in the New York City environment.",
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    "id": "hostos-000512",
    "code": "FS 220",
    "title": "Food, Health, and Environment",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the interactions between food production and consumption, health, and environment through environmental and food justice lenses. Building on concepts developed in Food Studies I, it explores topics such as public health disparities and their structural causes, environmental toxins in the food system and their impact on workers and consumers, as well as policies that have or could impact these outcomes, in both historical and contemporary contexts. Students will work together to apply classroom knowledge to investigating food security and health at the neighborhood level in NYC. The course includes field trips and/or guest lectures to complement readings, assignments, and in class discussions.",
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    "id": "hostos-000513",
    "code": "FS 225",
    "title": "Food Studies Career Practices",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course prepares students to pursue career and/or future academic opportunities following the completion of their Food Studies Associate's Degree. The course covers identification of career goals; job and academic program skills; development of resumes and cover letters; interviewing skills; entrepreneurship; employee rights; and processes of applying/transferring to Bachelor 's programs. Students identify and apply to internship sites in food system-related organizations, such as urban farms, food businesses, health care facilities, community-based organizations, etc. to intern for a minimum of 70 hours. Students meet their instructor once a week to report progress and receive feedback. The course includes presentations from Hostos Community College Career Services, Transfer Services, and other key campus and off-campus resource centers.",
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    "id": "hostos-000514",
    "code": "FS 230",
    "title": "Food Studies Capstone",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course guides students through completion of the Food Studies Associates program and is required of all majors. The course integrates conceptual learning, skill-building, and experiential learning to enable students to demonstrate strong foundational knowledge about food studies and food systems. Students reflect on key concepts examined in the Food Studies core courses, and draw connections between these concepts, the field based/internship experiences, and students' specific career objectives. By the end of the term, students will write a final paper contextualizing the experiences gained in FS 225 within concepts learned through the Food Studies program; and an e-Portfolio to be used in future applications for employment and other postgraduate opportunities. Students will also give a final presentation about their internship experience in an end-of semester program seminar.",
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    "code": "FS 1000",
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    "code": "FS 1111",
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    "code": "FS 2000",
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    "hours": 0,
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    "code": "FS 3000",
    "title": "Food Studies Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
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    "code": "FS 4000",
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    "code": "FS 9000",
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    "code": "FYS 100",
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    "code": "GD 101",
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    "code": "GD 102",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "GD 102W",
    "title": "Beyond Games",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores how games are used beyond entertainment by artists, storytellers, educators, and others. The class will be divided into four sections focusing on: games as art, games as story, games as social interaction, and games as tools for learning and social change. Students will read a variety of articles as well as play games relating to these topics. Students will develop educational games and learn about game analysis and criticism.",
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    "id": "hostos-000527",
    "code": "GD 105",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the use of creative coding for art and design projects. Students will explore core coding concepts, such as variables, syntax, conditionals, loops, functions and classes. Students will incorporate their knowledge of illustration, images, text, animation, and sound to create meaningful interactive experiences in code.",
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    "id": "hostos-000528",
    "code": "GD 108",
    "title": "Narrative & Writing for Games",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course provides an introduction to interactive writing for video games. Through a combination of lectures, readings, case studies, analytical and creative exercises, students will gain a better understanding of the process of bringing a game story to life and how to read and analyze game narratives. Topics covered include: branching narratives, hypertext, multi- and non-linear concepts, procedural narratives, and technical writing (e.g. rules, design documents, worldbuilding decks).",
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    "code": "GD 108W",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course provides an introduction to interactive writing for video games. Through a combination of lectures, readings, case studies, analytical and creative exercises, students will gain a better understanding of the process of bringing a game story to life and how to read and analyze game narratives. Topics covered include: branching narratives, hypertext, multi- and non-linear concepts, procedural narratives, and technical writing (e.g. rules, design documents, worldbuilding decks).",
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    "id": "hostos-000530",
    "code": "GD 110",
    "title": "Visual Design for Games",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course serves as an introduction to visual design concepts and artistic tools utilized by designers in the game industry. Students will employ visual design strategies and methods within the context of games with an emphasis on aesthetics and usability. Design topics include characters, textures, environments and user interfaces.",
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    "code": "GD 111",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Humans have been playing games since prehistory. This course critically examines the many forms those games have taken—from Backgammon to Super Mario Bros. to Dungeons & Dragons to Fortnite. Students will build an understanding of where modern games come from, how they influence our culture at large, and where they may be headed.",
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    "code": "GD 111W",
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    "description": "Humans have been playing games since prehistory. This course critically examines the many forms those games have taken—from Backgammon to Super Mario Bros. to Dungeons & Dragons to Fortnite. Students will build an understanding of where modern games come from, how they influence our culture at large, and where they may be headed.",
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    "id": "hostos-000533",
    "code": "GD 201",
    "title": "Digital Games",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the concepts of game mechanics, game theory and digital game production by affording them the opportunity to read about games and game development, play test several different video games, and finally to create their own game using important development tools. The course explores the effect of gaming on entertainment, learning, and even business by analyzing how games can be more critically discussed. In this way, students learn to be better developers through building skills in critical thinking, analysis, game design, and communication. On a deeper level, the course works to find ways to address fundamental misunderstandings by the general publicthat the form is entirely represented by games with a violent subject matter.",
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    "code": "GD 205",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course builds upon students’ foundational knowledge of coding fundamentals with a focus on the creation of games. Students are introduced to new applications of core coding concepts such as variables, loops, classes and conditionals, as well as basic animation techniques. Using professional tools, students create a series of game interactions in preparation for conceptualizing and building a final small game. This course also covers topics such as artificial intelligence, collision, and physics algorithms, as well as teaching students how to use a variety of pre-built game architectures.",
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    "code": "GD 210",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course focuses first on contextualizing how small- and large-scale game development takes place in the games industry. Students study the different career paths within a company, the development cycle, game marketing and peripheral game markets. Then students develop a capstone project, creating a game from initial concept to final production. Over the course of the semester students are provided with the opportunity to develop this long-form project using iterative design methodologies.",
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    "code": "GD 290",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This studio course covers special topics that respond to the fast-changing landscape of game design and development, such as VR/AR/XR, artificial intelligence, alternative controllers, etc. Students will produce games and/or artwork using cutting-edge techniques and methodologies. Topics will vary depending on current developments in the field.",
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    "id": "hostos-000537",
    "code": "GD 298",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The digital independent study credits have been designed to provide students in digital design, animation, music production and game design professional and practical experience in their field of study.",
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    "code": "GD 299",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The digital independent study credits have been designed to provide students in digital design, animation, music production, and game design professional and practical experience in their field of study.",
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    "code": "GD 1111",
    "title": "Game Design Elective",
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    "code": "GER 101",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course introduces the basic elements of the language by providing a foundation in grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary. Using a communicative approach, students will learn listening, speaking, reading and writing skills in cultural and social contexts. One weekly hour of work in the Language Lab is required.",
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    "code": "GER 1000",
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    "code": "GER 1111",
    "title": "German Elective",
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    "description": "German Elective",
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    "code": "GER 2000",
    "title": "German Elective",
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    "code": "GER 3000",
    "title": "German Elective",
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    "code": "GER 4000",
    "title": "German Elective",
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    "description": "German Elective",
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    "code": "GER 9000",
    "title": "German Elective",
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    "code": "HLT 103W",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "id": "hostos-000582",
    "code": "HLT 106",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "id": "hostos-000583",
    "code": "HLT 110",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will examine and analyze various health organizations and their role in community health; the emerging role of community health workers in promoting health of neglected populations; the spread and control of communicable diseases; the community health structure and the principles underlying health behavior, learning, and change; theories of health behavior and practical models for community health worker interventions.",
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    "code": "HLT 110W",
    "title": "Int Community Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "id": "hostos-000585",
    "code": "HLT 111",
    "title": "Health and the Young Child",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will identify the health needs and problems of young children. S/he will analyze the role played by the home and school in the physical development of the child. S/he will examine common disorders and diseases of childhood and the principles of nutrition related to meal planning for young children.",
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    "id": "hostos-000586",
    "code": "HLT 117",
    "title": "First Aid",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course offers first aid techniques leading to American Red Cross Certification. The students will be tested on their knowledge of and ability to administer proper care for injuries. Students will also be required to demonstrate their knowledge of preventative measures that can be taken to prevent injuries.",
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    "id": "hostos-000587",
    "code": "HLT 118",
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    "hours": 1,
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    "code": "HLT 120",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will study and analyze the dynamics of human sexuality by exploring basic knowledge and attitudes related to human sexual behavior. Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases will be discussed. Students will improve their ability to educate and promote sexual health. Students will increase their comfort level with topics of human sexuality.",
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    "title": "Human Sexuality",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "HLT 124",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "HLT 133",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "HLT 210",
    "title": "Dynamics of Patient Care",
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    "hours": 2,
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "HLT 212",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides students with an overview of the problem of chemical abuse and dependence and an introduction to models of intervention in these problems. The course content will cover the core theory and research related to etiology of chemical abuse and dependence, basic pharmacology of alcohol and other abused substances, as well as drug use and abuse in special populations. The students will also explore the impact of drug and alcohol abuse on family systems, and domestic violence, and provide an introduction to treatment process and service systems.",
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    "code": "HLT 215",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "title": "Nutrition",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "HLT 220",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will analyze current health problems such as emotional/mental health and psychological disorders, sexuality (STD?s and sexual dysfunction), cardiovascular disease, chronic and infectious disease, substance abuse, and stress. Students will study theories of etiology and the impact they have on individuals, families and communities.",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "HLT 225",
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    "title": "Nutrition Education",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course presents information on the fundamentals of nutrition educationincluding traditional models and theories of learning as well as emergingeducation models for promoting healthy eating and an active lifestyle. Studentswill learn the application of nutrition education by linking research, theory, andpractice. Students will study a stepwise procedure for designing a nutritioneducation program. Students will have the opportunity to reflect more about howpeople learn, the dynamics of teaching and how to enhance theircommunication skills to provide accurate and current research information to theconsumer. In addition, students will learn to view nutrition education fromdifferent perspectives and increase their awareness of individual and socialfactors influencing nutrition.",
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    "code": "HLT 299",
    "title": "Field Experience in Cmty HLT",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will have the experience of working in the health field as community health workers in such places as hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care facilities. Students will volunteer at least 6 hours per week for the semester. Students will also be required to attend a seminar class meeting once a week for one hour and fifteen minutes.",
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    "code": "HLT 1111",
    "title": "Health Education Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Health Education Elective",
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    "id": "hostos-000605",
    "code": "HLT 6509",
    "title": "Mental Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will recognize and define terms related to the field of mental health. S/he will review the history of the mental health movement along with the determinants of positive mental health. The student will study and analyze in depth various life adjustment problems from birth to old age.",
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    "code": "HUM 100",
    "title": "Intro to Global Humanities",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will offer a global awareness and understanding of the expansive history of humanity and the diversity of cultural forms and practices. Its aim is to give foundational knowledge from multiple perspectives that describe the chronological and geographical relationships between cultures. This course will also pique students’ interest in history, philosophy, literature, social sciences, art, and music. This will encourage the student to reflect on how personal origins and beliefs affect actions and values. Offered in English and Spanish.",
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      "hostos-001149",
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    "code": "HUM 141",
    "title": "Introduction to Global Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an introductory film course with a focus on the cross-cultural study of film from multiple world traditions. Students will learn the basics of film analysis and terminology. They will develop a familiarity with films made in diverse national contexts including, but not limited to Senegal, Nigeria, India, Iran, Korea, China, Columbia, Mexico, France, as well as some American films made by ethnic minorities. In all cases, we will think about the ideas behind the films, and how these different perspectives inform our own understanding of the world.",
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    "code": "HUM 141W",
    "title": "Introduction to Global Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an introductory film course with a focus on the cross-cultural study of film from multiple world traditions. Students will learn the basics of film analysis and terminology. They will develop a familiarity with films made in diverse national contexts including, but not limited to Senegal, Nigeria, India, Iran, Korea, China, Columbia, Mexico, France, as well as some American films made by ethnic minorities. In all cases, we will think about the ideas behind the films, and how these different perspectives inform our own understanding of the world.",
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    "code": "HUM 151",
    "title": "Race, Gender & Sexuality Media",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will analyze changes in cultural representation of sexuality, gender, race and ethnicity in films, TV shows, mass media and social media throughout the years. Students will explore the importance of cultural representation from the prism of cultural studies. Students will deepen their critical thinking abilities to through the examination of how society has built concepts and prejudices through media that are at the core of our contemporary identity, political debate and artistic expression.",
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    "code": "HUM 161",
    "title": "Race-ing the Center: Thinking",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course engages feminist theory and practice as a series of questions, which are both personal and political. What is gender? What is sex? What is a woman (or man)? What is theory? Who gets to theorize … and who gets to decide? What is the relationship between theory and political struggle? The range of answers, debates and transformations generated by the questions have given birth to and enriched multiple fields of political action, activism, and scholarship. The course takes as its basic and most essential premise that none of these questions can be answered without critical consideration of race and class - the study of gender in the US is incomplete without them. So, this course brings intersectionality and black feminist thought from the margins to the center of the study of gender. The course will equip students to understand and articulate how gender, race and class in the U.S. are entangled and to illustrate this claim with examples that demonstrate show how experiences, opportunities, and social power within social institutions including the economy, state, family, and media vary according to one’s class, gender or racial position. You will also learn how to draw upon varied social and cultural theories and research to pose critical questions and engage with current debates on how the social environment shapes the behavior and experiences of women, men and others.",
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    "id": "hostos-000611",
    "code": "HUM 162",
    "title": "Outlaw(ed): Progressive women",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines outlaw(ed) women from a cultural studies perspective by questioning and denaturalizing what it means to be a “real” or “normal” woman in literature written by women of color, and consider how these “laws” of womanhood are manifest in actual women's lives. The course departs from two related questions: Who gets to define what it means to be a woman, how and for what purpose? And, what are the consequences for those who transgress the rules – by choice or chance? Students will deepen their critical thinking abilities through class discussions, as well as written and oral presentations as they explore how writers draw on personal experience, social theories, literary devices and cultural rituals to develop persuasive arguments that questions, disturb, revise or fortify the boundaries of womanhood. By revealing the underlying norms, rules & expectations that delimit acceptable womanhood, we will pay particular attention to how the constraints on and consequences of transgression vary with class, race, religion and nationality.",
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    "id": "hostos-000612",
    "code": "HUM 201",
    "title": "Black: Color and Concept, Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a meditation and a critical interpretation of black, a subject that covers a vast range of human experience beyond being a color, or even a concept. Using a methodology that combines a wide range of humanities-based approaches (art history, cultural studies, and philosophy, to name a few), Black: Color and Concept, An Art Historical Phenomenology is an engaged and inclusive cultural history that brings students into scholarly discourse by asking them to reflect on their own experiences and backgrounds. The study of the humanities allows us to think expansively and deeply about the world around us, to contextualize it, and to create change. This is a ZeroCost Course.",
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    "code": "HUM 399",
    "title": "Special Topics in Humanities",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course students will examine and learn about special themes that are significant in the study of the Humanities. The course may include topics that are embedded in one discipline or that are interdisciplinary in scope. Topics may explore the development of major intellectual or cultural trends, the impact of important authors or events, the formulation and spread of key concepts and ideas, or the examination compelling social issues. Faculty proposals will be considered on a semester basis by the Humanities curriculum committee.",
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    "code": "HUM 1000",
    "title": "Humanities Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Humanities Elective",
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    "code": "LAC 160",
    "title": "History of Race in LAC",
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    "code": "LAC 202",
    "title": "Latin Amer. Film & Literature",
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    "description": "In this course students will be introduced to the rich literary and cinematic traditions of Latin America. They will gain an appreciation for some of the milestones in these two artistic media and examine the social and cultural contexts in which these expressions were produced. The course will be structured thematically around a series of significant films and literary texts. Evaluation of students' work will be based on short papers and other written assignments, as well as class participation and a final exam. Attendance at special events and activities, such as talks or film presentations, will be encouraged.",
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    "code": "LAC 202W",
    "title": "Latin Amer. Film & Literature",
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    "description": "In this course students will be introduced to the rich literary and cinematic traditions of Latin America. They will gain an appreciation for some of the milestones in these two artistic media and examine the social and cultural contexts in which these expressions were produced. The course will be structured thematically around a series of significant films and literary texts. Evaluation of students' work will be based on short papers and other written assignments, as well as class participation and a final exam. Attendance at special events and activities, such as talks or film presentations, will be encouraged.",
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    "code": "LAC 216",
    "title": "African Presence In",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will trace the history of people of African 160 origin from their arrival in the Americas through the first half of the twentieth century. It will examine the African slave trade, slave rebellions and resistance, and the presence of people of African origin in the various countries and territories of Latin America and the Caribbean. In addition, the class will consider the cultural, social, and political contributions of people of African origin to the Americas, as well as the problems of race and racism in the Caribbean and Latin America. Although not required, it is recommended that students registering for this class also take the BLS African Civilization I course.",
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    "code": "LAC 244",
    "title": "Women Carib/Lat Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will discuss and analyze women as a creative force in Caribbean and Latin American literature; appraise their contribution to and influence on the various genres; and discuss, analyze, and interpret their involvement in social, political, and cultural conflicts as contained in literary works. The student will discuss and analyze their different roles as portrayed in the works of major writers; and trace the evolution of the concept of womanhood in the various literary movements from the 19th through the early twenty first century.",
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    "code": "LAC 246",
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    "description": "This course offers an overview of the literature and print culture of Latina/o authors in the U.S. since the mid-19th century. Organized by themes, genres, cultural and political traditions, students examine the topics, forms of expression, and experiential concerns that Latina/o writers have discussed in their writing over the decades.",
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    "program_ids": [
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    "code": "LAC 246W",
    "title": "Latina/o Lit In The US",
    "credits": 3,
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    "description": "This course offers an overview of the literature and print culture of Latina/o authors in the U.S. since the mid-19th century. Organized by themes, genres, cultural and political traditions, students examine the topics, forms of expression, and experiential concerns that Latina/o writers have discussed in their writing over the decades.",
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    "id": "hostos-000660",
    "code": "LAC 252",
    "title": "Hist of Carib & Latin Amer Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will present an overview of contemporary Latin American and Caribbean art. This course will underscore the African heritage of the island nations, the political nature of Latin American art, and particular attention will be placed on the art of the Dominican Republic, Taino Indians and Puerto Rico.",
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    "code": "LAC 260",
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    "title": "US Latina Women’s Literature",
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    "code": "LAC 262",
    "title": "Hist Latin Amer & Carib Music",
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    "code": "LAC 290",
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    "code": "LAC 350",
    "title": "Latin Amer Revo, Mod & Writers",
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    "description": "This course follows the lives of Eugenio María de Hostos, José Martí, and Luisa Capetillo through their writings, their endeavors, achievements, and contributions to the struggles for freedom, education, and progress in the Americas. Students will read, analyze, discuss and gain an understanding of these authors’ major works in a historical, political, and literary context. The class will also study the historical presence of these writers in New York City and their activism for the self-determination and social development of their peoples. Special attention will be given to gender, racial, and class issues in a 19th- and early-twentieth century context.",
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    "code": "LAC 350H",
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    "code": "LAC 350W",
    "title": "Latin Amer Revo, Mod & Writers",
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    "description": "This course follows the lives of Eugenio Mar¿a de Hostos, Jos¿ Mart¿, and Luisa Capetillo through their writings, their endeavors, achievements, and contributions to the struggles for freedom, education, and progress in the Americas. Students will read, analyze, discuss and gain an understanding of these authors? major works in a historical, political, and literary context. The class will also study the historical presence of these writers in New York City and their activism for the self-determination and social development of their peoples. Special attention will be given to gender, racial, and class issues in a 19th- and early-twentieth century context.",
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    "code": "LAC 360",
    "title": "Hostos Life & Works",
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    "description": "This course is devoted to the study of the life, works, and contributions of Eugenio Maria de Hostos to the political, social and cultural development of Latin America and the Caribbean. Students will read, discuss and analyze Hostos' most significant works, including his literary writings, gain an understanding of this writer's work and significance in a historical context, and appreciate through exchanges with special guests and visiting scholars the relevance of Hostos' thinking to present-day Latin American and Latino issues.",
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    "code": "LAC 370",
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    "code": "LAC 1000",
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    "description": "Latin & Caribbean Studies Elective",
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    "code": "LAC 1111",
    "title": "Latin & Carib Studies Elective",
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    "code": "LAC 2000",
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    "description": "Latin & Caribbean Studies Elective",
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    "title": "Quantitative Reasoning",
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    "description": "The student will identify, define, and compute the measures of central tendency and dispersion; develop frequency distributions and related histograms; determine the level of correlation; and draw inferences from regression lines. The student will also solve problems involving sample spaces, counting techniques, and mathematical expectation; determine the probability of normally distributed events through use of tables; conduct hypothesis testing; and determine confidence intervals. Additional supplementary basic algebra and critical thinking skills topics are: operations with real numbers, algebraic expressions, solving and graphing linear equations and inequalities, proportion and percent word problems, basic skills in manipulating exponential, and radical expressions. MAT120SI and MAT120 are equivalent courses.",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course introduces the concept of mathematical functions in preparation for further studies in pre-calculus and calculus. The course content includes an in-depth treatment of the following topics: operations with real numbers, polynomial functions and factoring techniques, rational functions and equations, radical functions and equations, complex numbers, quadratic equations, graphs of linear equations, system of equations, inequalities and quadratic functions, applications to geometry, conic sections and an introduction to the study of trigonometric functions. This course is appropriate for liberal arts students as well as STEM majors.",
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    "code": "MAT 160",
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    "credits": 4,
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    "description": "This course provides essential concepts for the study of calculus. Topics: concepts in analytic geometry; algebraic functions; transcendental functions, such as exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions; graph analysis; and applications.",
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    "code": "MAT 210",
    "title": "Calculus I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course provides skills in calculus in one real variable. Topics: limits, continuity, differentiation of powers, polynomial, trigonometric and exponential, logarithmic and inverse trigonometric functions; applications of differentiation; maximum-minimum problems; curve sketching; antiderivatives; indefinite and definite integrals.",
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    "code": "MAT 210H",
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    "description": "This course provides skills in calculus in one real variable. Topics: limits, continuity, differentiation of powers, polynomial, trigonometric and exponential, logarithmic and inverse trigonometric functions; applications of differentation; maximum-minimum problems; curve sketching; antiderivatives; indefinite and definite integrals. HONORS",
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    "code": "MAT 217",
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    "code": "MAT 310",
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    "code": "MAT 320",
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    "description": "The student will be able to describe accurately all major drug classification identify commonly used medications in each classification, and develop strategies for patients receiving drugs in each classification. Students explore the implications of drug dependence. The student will be able to compare brand name and generic drugs; describe the method of drug classification; explain the drug interactions with body tissue, identify how drugs work and explore the use of the nursing process in drug administration.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001150"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/NUR 220",
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    "id": "hostos-000795",
    "code": "NUR 220W",
    "title": "Pharmacology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will be able to describe accurately all major drug classification identify commonly used medications in each classification, and develop strategies for patients receiving drugs in each classification. Students explore the implications of drug dependence. The student will be able to compare brand name and generic drugs; describe the method of drug classification; explain the drug interactions with body tissue, identify how drugs work and explore the use of the nursing process in drug administration.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000796",
    "code": "NUR 227",
    "title": "Nursing Care Chldbrng Fam I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will learn to care for the growing family and use the nursing process to assess, analyze, and plan care to meet the needs of the pregnant family from conception to birth.",
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      "hostos-001150"
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    "id": "hostos-000797",
    "code": "NUR 228",
    "title": "Nur Care Childrearing Fam II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will learn to care for the growing family from infant to adolescent. The nursing process will be utilized to assess, analyze and plan care with emphasis on self understanding in use of self as therapeutic tool. The approach to patient care will reflect the student?s ability to analyze the significance of patient care findings ethical/legal issues, culture, ethnicity and how one adapts to the urban community.",
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      "hostos-001150"
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    "id": "hostos-000798",
    "code": "NUR 228W",
    "title": "Nur Care Childrearing Fam II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will learn to care for the growing family from infant to adolescent. The nursing process will be utilized to assess, analyze and plan care with emphasis on self understanding in use of self as therapeutic tool. The approach to patient care will reflect the student's ability to analyze the significance of patient care findings ethical/legal issues, culture, ethnicity and how one adapts to the urban community.",
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    "id": "hostos-000799",
    "code": "NUR 316",
    "title": "Nursing Care Mental Illness",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will learn alterations of the alterations in the psychosocial development and relevant nursing interventions are analyzed with emphasis on self-understanding in the use of self as a therapeutic tool. The approach to patient care will reflect the student's ability to analyze the significance of ethical/legal issues, culture, ethnicity and how one adapts to the urban community.",
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      "hostos-001150"
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    "id": "hostos-000800",
    "code": "NUR 316W",
    "title": "Nursing Care Mental Illness",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will learn alterations of the alterations in the psychosocial development and relevant nursing interventions are analyzed with emphasis on self-understanding in the use of self as a therapeutic tool. The approach to patient care will reflect the student's ability to analyze the significance of ethical/legal issues, culture, ethnicity and how one adapts to the urban community.",
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    "id": "hostos-000801",
    "code": "NUR 317",
    "title": "Nursing Care of the Adult I",
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    "hours": 6,
    "description": "The student will learn to identify responses to illness and to provide appropriate nursing care. The focus is on adults who is experiencing physiological alterations in how they meet their basic needs. The approach to patient care will reflect student's understanding of the assessment and evaluation of care to include ethical/legal issues, culture, ethnicity, and how one adapts to the urban community. Students affectively apply the nursing process to evaluate patient outcomes.",
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    "id": "hostos-000802",
    "code": "NUR 320",
    "title": "Nursing Trends and Issues",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to increase the student?s awareness of the current issues in the health care and their impact on the nursing profession. Current issues include: changes in the health care delivery system, legal boundaries and ethical frameworks of nursing practice, standards of care, leadership and management, professional organizations and career opportunities.",
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    "code": "NUR 320W",
    "title": "Nursing Trends and Issues",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to increase the student?s awareness of the current issues in the health care and their impact on the nursing profession. Current issues include: changes in the health care delivery system, legal boundaries and ethical frameworks of nursing practice, standards of care, leadership and management, professional organizations and career opportunities.",
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    "id": "hostos-000804",
    "code": "NUR 326",
    "title": "Nursing Care of the Adult II",
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    "hours": 7,
    "description": "The student continues to learn to identify responses to illness and to provide nursing care. The focus is on adults who are experiencing multi system disorders. The approach to patient care will reflect students? understanding of the evaluation of care to include ethical/legal issues, culture, ethnicity, and how one adapts to the urban community.",
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    "code": "ONL 100",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This no-cost self-paced prerequisite course provides hands-on experience at how an online course at Hostos is organized and what is expected of students. Students will become familiar with the college’s learning management system and learn how to navigate through the online environment to be successful in an online class. This course includes topics ranging from basic technology proficiency to time management and campus resources and support. The duration of this course is about 30 to 60 minutes.",
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    "code": "OT 101",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "As a foundation for success, students will learn essential skills in keyboarding and practical applications of computer software. This course aims to provide students with a holistic and interconnected learning experience, preparing them to meet workplace requirements for technology skills across commonly used platforms.",
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    "id": "hostos-000807",
    "code": "OT 102",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "OT 103",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will have hands-on experience on computers and will be introduced to business applications of Word, Excel, Access, and PowerPoint.",
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    "id": "hostos-000809",
    "code": "OT 104",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The office manager is a professional who has to interact with a diverse workforce, organize and manage an office, and keep current with the software that will be utilized in the office. To prepare the student to be an office manager, the course will focus on developing interpersonal, collaborative, and presentation skills, as well as techniques for working with diversity, and improving written and oral communication skills. The student will learn organizational skills by creating time management schedules using the latest Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). The student will apply keyboarding and production skills to routine office procedures using the latest technology. Students will be required to create or update their e-Portfolio.",
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    "id": "hostos-000810",
    "code": "OT 105",
    "title": "Electronic Health Records",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores the development and standards of electronic health records. Students will learn the technical components of electronic health records including laboratory information systems, pharmacy information systems, picture archiving and communication systems, order sets, clinical protocols, provider orders, medication administration records, point-of-care charts, and clinical decision support systems. The benefits and barriers of implementing electronic health records will be discussed. The course will also cover personal health records, network architectures, and connectivity. Utilizing materials in the classroom, students will create patient charts.",
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    "id": "hostos-000811",
    "code": "OT 201",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will format more complex letters, memoranda, tables, and manuscripts and other business documents in addition to integrating various software applications.",
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    "id": "hostos-000812",
    "code": "OT 202",
    "title": "Transcription",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will develop the ability to accurtley transcribe memos, letters, and reports from various areas of the business world from prerecorded dictation. The student will develop English and transcribing skills through grammar, number usage, word usage, and punctuation exercises.",
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    "id": "hostos-000813",
    "code": "OT 204",
    "title": "Medical Terms & Transcription",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will be introduced to medical terminology related to a variety of medical specialties. The student will demonstrate the ability to transcribe from pre-recorded dictation medical histories, summaries, treatment forms, and other documents relating to various medical specializations including the cardiovascular system, the endocrine system, and the respiratory system.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OT 204",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000814",
    "code": "OT 205",
    "title": "Legal Term Transcript",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will be introduced to legal terminology related to various areas of law. The student will demonstrate the ability to transcribe documents from prerecorded dictation related to the courts and legal systems, litigation, civil actions probate, contracts and leases and others.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OT 205",
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    "id": "hostos-000815",
    "code": "OT 206",
    "title": "Medical Billing and Insurance",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will use billing software to input patient information, process patient transactions, produce various reports, print statements and insurance forms, and process claims. The student will become familiar with various types of health coverage and insurance programs and will be introduced to medical coding.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OT 206",
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    "id": "hostos-000816",
    "code": "OT 207",
    "title": "Office Technology Internship",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The student will apply theory and the technical skills of an office worker to assigned work situations in an actual office in the business world and/or allied health field. The student will be required to meet regularly with the cooperating program faculty member and will be evaluated by both the faculty member and the job site supervisor. The student will be required to keep a journal of work experience. Local employers or the College will provide job sites.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OT 207",
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    "id": "hostos-000817",
    "code": "OT 208",
    "title": "Professional Office Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students enrolled in the administrative, legal, and medical options will be given the opportunity to become familiar with office management and procedures through projects, case studies, and class discussions related to their particular specialties.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000818",
    "code": "OT 209",
    "title": "Medical Office Procedure & Lab",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "The course is designed to acquaint the student with the routines of a medical office, including medical records, financial records, correspondence, case histories, medical articles, appointment scheduling, and filing methods. The student will acquire these specific skills through project-based learning focused on case histories, medical reports, filing systems, and record-keeping. The student will also develop the skill of transcribing medical records. The course includes a lab in which students will obtain hands-on experience in a work simulation environment.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OT 209",
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    "id": "hostos-000819",
    "code": "OT 210",
    "title": "Medical Coding/Billing and Ins",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of Medical Coding and Billing I. The main focus will include the following: computerized medical billing using the Medisoft Advanced Practice Management Program, the use and advantages of health information technology in the health care profession, coding diagnoses and procedures in the different body systems. The students will continue to navigate the billing program by entering patient information, diagnoses, procedures, payment posting, adjustment, billing statements, collections. Medical insurance rules and guidelines, the relationship between the patient, provider and insurance will also be presented. The student will continue to process the updated CMS 1500 claims and review the electronic submission process. The student will learn how to code for operative reposts and summaries.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OT 210",
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    "id": "hostos-000820",
    "code": "OT 1111",
    "title": "Office Technology Elective",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Office Technology Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/OT 1111",
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    "id": "hostos-000821",
    "code": "PED 100",
    "title": "Personal Physical Fitness",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The module is required of all freshman students in programs requiring physical education. The student will analyze modern concepts of fitness; obtain an evaluation of his or her own level of fitness and health and participate in a variety of exercise programs designed to improve the muscular and cardiovascular systems. Students will be counseled to answer their fitness-health needs.",
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    "id": "hostos-000822",
    "code": "PED 100H",
    "title": "Personal Fit (HONORS)",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The module is required of all freshman students in programs requiring physical education. The student will analyze modern concepts of fitness; obtain an evaluation of his or her own level of fitness and health and participate in a variety of exercise programs designed to improve the muscular and cardiovascular systems. Students will be counseled to answer their fitness-health needs. (HONORS)",
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    "id": "hostos-000823",
    "code": "PED 105",
    "title": "Beginner's Volleyball",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This is a beginner level course covering the rules and skills of the sport of volleyball. It will be taught using the Sport Education model of Physical Education, encompassing inclusion, socialization, and festivity. The history and rules of volleyball will be taught, along with the beginner level volleyball skills. The focus will be on gaining the form necessary to play appropriately in a social setting; however, competition will be integrated as the course takes on a 'season' type of structure, in line with the philosophy of Sport Education.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-000824",
    "code": "PED 115",
    "title": "Beginning Karate",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "At the conclusion of this module, the student will be able to perform the fundamental skills related to karate.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PED 115",
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    "id": "hostos-000825",
    "code": "PED 117",
    "title": "Judo",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The student will perform the skills in the attainment of a \"Yellow Belt.\"",
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    "id": "hostos-000826",
    "code": "PED 119",
    "title": "Self-Defense for Men and Women",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The student will defend himself or herself against attacks from the side and back, and will identify the various safety programs for the home and streets.",
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    "id": "hostos-000827",
    "code": "PED 121",
    "title": "Nonswimmer",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The student will observe rules of water safety and perform the fundamental strokes and survival skills in deep water.",
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    "id": "hostos-000828",
    "code": "PED 122",
    "title": "Beginning Swimming",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The student will observe the rules of water safety and perform the basic swimming strokes associated with the American Red Cross Program for beginning swimmers.",
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    "code": "PED 122H",
    "title": "Beginning Swimming (HONORS)",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "(HONORS)",
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    "id": "hostos-000830",
    "code": "PED 123",
    "title": "Intermediate Swimming",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Students learn advanced swim skills and develop stamina in the water.",
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    "id": "hostos-000831",
    "code": "PED 124",
    "title": "Senior Life Saving",
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    "code": "PPA 120",
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    "code": "PPA 128",
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    "description": "The student will demonstrate an understanding of the description and delineation of the various patterns which prevent the individual from functioning constructively in our society.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 111W",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-111w.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001037",
    "code": "VPA 112",
    "title": "Arts and Civil II:1400-Present",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will expand and refine their knowledge of core global examples of material culture, art, design, and architecture from the fifteenth century to the present in Arts and Civilization II. Through museum visits, readings, class discussions, and writing assignments, students will consider the crucial role of these images and objects in the formation of their respective historical and cultural context.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 112",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001038",
    "code": "VPA 112W",
    "title": "Arts and Civil II:1400-Present",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will expand and refine their knowledge of core global examples of material culture, art, design, and architecture from the fifteenth century to the present in Arts and Civilization II. Through museum visits, readings, class discussions, and writing assignments, students will consider the crucial role of these images and objects in the formation of their respective historical and cultural context.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 112W",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001039",
    "code": "VPA 113",
    "title": "Introduction to Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will analyze, discuss, and define: nature of art, meaning of art, major forms of art, and components of art; art periods, narration, description, illusion and reality, criteria for criticism, and art in New York. The student will engage in field trips and special projects.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 113",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001040",
    "code": "VPA 114",
    "title": "Modern Art in the City",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Modern Art in the City introduces students to a diverse range of twentieth and early twenty-first century visual art and architecture. Students will consider the crucial role of art and architecture in their respective historical and cultural contexts. Through museum visits, readings, writing assignments, web resources, and by exploring New York City itself as a case study, students will examine the history of modern art and the role of the city in the creation and reflection of our modern, global experiences.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001136"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 114",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001041",
    "code": "VPA 114W",
    "title": "Modern Art in the City",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Modern Art in the City introduces students to a diverse range of twentieth and early twenty-first century visual art and architecture. Students will consider the crucial role of art and architecture in their respective historical and cultural contexts. Through museum visits, readings, writing assignments, web resources, and by exploring New York City itself as a case study, students will examine the history of modern art and the role of the city in the creation and reflection of our modern, global experiences.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 114W",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001042",
    "code": "VPA 115",
    "title": "Twentieth Century Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course surveys the principal developments in art from the end of the nineteenth century through the twentieth century: School of Paris (1865-1909), Impressionism and Post-Impressionism; School of New York (1910--present), Cubism, Futurism, Dadaism, Surrealism, Social Realism, Contemporary Black and Hispanic Art.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 115",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001043",
    "code": "VPA 121",
    "title": "Painting and Drawing I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The beginning art student will master the basic principles of composition, design, and color through the use of collage, paint, and photographic montage; s/he will develop basic skills in the use of paint and collage materials. S/he will be required to complete at least two pictures to the satisfaction of the instructor.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001138"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 121",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001044",
    "code": "VPA 122",
    "title": "Painting and Drawing II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The advanced art student will develop or improve skills in painting, assemblage, and three-dimensional art. S/he will become acquainted with and master the use of \"found objects\" in making a picture. S/he will complete a master project to the satisfaction of the instructor.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001138"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 122",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001045",
    "code": "VPA 124",
    "title": "Still Life Oil Painting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn to create still-life paintings. This class will focus on classical painting techniques such as chiaroscuro, under-painting and glazing.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 124",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001046",
    "code": "VPA 131",
    "title": "Photography I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will operate a 35-mm camera and light meter, expose, process, and make contact prints from film which has been shot on class assignments; use negatives which s/he has already generated in performing contact printing, editing, enlarging, and photo finishing.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 131",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-131.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001047",
    "code": "VPA 132",
    "title": "Photography II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student, with previous photographic experience, will be able to plan and execute a picture story and identify the method of other photojournalists by viewing published picture stories and books. S/he will edit and enlarge prints which s/he will present to the instructor and class.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 132",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-132.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001048",
    "code": "VPA 133",
    "title": "Digital Photography I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the student to fundamentals of two-dimensional digital art forms created from original images shot with a digital camera. This course covers techical aspects of the digital image using image enhnacement through photo-editing software. Imagination and originality of images and their manipulations will be emphasized.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001138"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 133",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-133.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001049",
    "code": "VPA 133H",
    "title": "Digital Photography I (HONORS)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the student to fundamentals of two-dimensional digital art forms created from original images shot with a digital camera. This course covers techical aspects of the digital image using image enhnacement through photo-editing software. Imagination and originality of images and their manipulations will be emphasized. (HONORS)",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 133H",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-133h.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001050",
    "code": "VPA 134",
    "title": "Digital Photography 2",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers in-depth exploration of digital photography using advanced editing software for students who already have a working knowledge of the medium. The connection between original digital images, composition, ideas and attitudes will be investigated.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001138"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 134",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-134.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001051",
    "code": "VPA 135",
    "title": "Commercial Arts I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will master specific techniques and skills used in the commercial and advertising art field. S/he will prepare paste-ups and mechanicals used in printing reproduction. S/he will assemble a portfolio of paste-up specimens of letterheads, book jackets, graphs and charts, advertisements, and brochures. The student will master entry-level skills and will produce a portfolio of artwork which is essential to entering this field.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 135",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001052",
    "code": "VPA 136",
    "title": "Commercial Arts II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will master the fundamentals of graphic design and combine media skills with graphic techniques in the preparation of design projects. Beginning with the basic principles of design and layout, the student enlarges his/her concepts from rough visualizations through comprehensive and finished layouts. The student will rough up, crop, and finish original design projects which include business letterhead, book jacket, record cover, and an industrial, educational, or governmental brochure. S/he will review these pieces with the instructor and select additional works for the portfolio begun in Commercial Arts I.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 136",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-136.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001053",
    "code": "VPA 137",
    "title": "Color Theory and Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on color and design and its influence upon our society. Students will study color theory, historical and psychological characteristics of color, principles of design, and applications of color in industry. Students will develop projects with paint and collage, as well as explore computer colors in an electronic environment. Topics will include color theory, color models and color matching, color perception and design considerations, and choosing color for multiple media.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 137",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-137.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001054",
    "code": "VPA 141",
    "title": "Music Appreciation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course explores the basic components of music and how these have manifested themselves in different cultures at different times in history. The students will acquire a musical vocabulary, auditory skills and an understanding of a wide range of musical styles.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001136",
      "hostos-001140",
      "hostos-001146"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 141",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-141.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001055",
    "code": "VPA 141W",
    "title": "Music Appreciation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course explores the basic components of music and how these have manifested themselves in different cultures at different times in history. The students will acquire a musical vocabulary, auditory skills and an understanding of a wide range of musical styles.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 141W",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-141w.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001056",
    "code": "VPA 151",
    "title": "Music Theory/Keyboard",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to develop a basic knowledge and practice of Music Theory as applied to the keyboard for students with no previous musical training. Topics will include melodic and rhythmic notation, intervals, scales and basic keyboard harmony.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001146"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 151",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-151.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "hostos-001057",
    "code": "VPA 152",
    "title": "Fund Mus Thry Piano II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Fundamentals of Music Theory at the Piano II is designed to further develop a basic knowledge and practice of Music Theory as applied to the keyboard for students who completed Fundamentals of Music at the Piano 1. Minor scales, augmented and diminished intervals and chords, musical forms, non-harmonic tones and more advanced keyboard harmony will be covered. Ear training and dictation will be included, as well as more advanced digital sampling.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001146"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 152",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-152.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001058",
    "code": "VPA 153",
    "title": "Music Theory",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will discuss the physics of sound; read notation; identify pitch, beat, rhythm; write major/minor triads; identify basic chord progressions; sing solfeggio exercises; sight read; identify pitch with a given octave; play scales; and coordinate reading and playing.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001146"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 153",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-153.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001059",
    "code": "VPA 161",
    "title": "Chorus",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The student will study and present standard and contemporary choral literature for mixed voices and appear in concert at college ceremonies and functions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001146"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 161",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-161.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001060",
    "code": "VPA 171",
    "title": "Introduction to Theatre",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will analyze, discuss, and define the nature, meaning, and components of theater, as well as the creative forces that contribute to its shape and effect. The student will engage in field trips and special projects.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 171",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-171.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001061",
    "code": "VPA 171W",
    "title": "Introduction to Theatre",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will analyze, discuss, and define the nature, meaning, and components of theater, as well as the creative forces that contribute to its shape and effect. The student will engage in field trips and special projects.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 171W",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-171w.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001062",
    "code": "VPA 172",
    "title": "Play & Performance Analysis",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will examine plays to find production and performance values as well as analyze for literary structure. Using a variety of plays, students will learn to investigate a script and this will assist them when acting, designing, and directing. This course empowers practitioners with analytical skills to enhance their artistic work. Students will examine various approaches to reading plays as dramatic texts and as the basis for production, focusing on elements such as structure, character, language, theme, and larger social significance. Students will present a final written and oral presentation of their own artistic interpretation of a specific play. This course is recommended for students planning to major in theater but all students can benefit from this course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 172",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-172.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001063",
    "code": "VPA 172W",
    "title": "Play & Performance Analysis",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will examine plays to find production and performance values as well as analyze for literary structure. Using a variety of plays, students will learn to investigate a script and this will assist them when acting, designing, and directing. This course empowers practitioners with analytical skills to enhance their artistic work. Students will examine various approaches to reading plays as dramatic texts and as the basis for production, focusing on elements such as structure, character, language, theme, and larger social significance. Students will present a final written and oral presentation of their own artistic interpretation of a specific play. This course is recommended for students planning to major in theater but all students can benefit from this course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 172W",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-172w.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "hostos-001064",
    "code": "VPA 174",
    "title": "Introduction to Film & TV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to various technical aspects of filmmaking from the practical, creative and problem solving approaches to universal messages and timeless themes. Students are expected to learn basic terminology that applies to film and TV narrative structures, genres, styles, technological practices and theoretical imaginings for the purpose of discussing and writing about films in critical terms.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 174",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-174.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "hostos-001065",
    "code": "VPA 174W",
    "title": "Introduction to Film & TV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to various technical aspects of filmmaking from the practical, creative and problem solving approaches to universal messages and timeless themes. Students are expected to learn basic terminology that applies to film and TV narrative structures, genres, styles, technological practices and theoretical imaginings for the purpose of discussing and writing about films in critical terms.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 174W",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-174w.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001066",
    "code": "VPA 181",
    "title": "Acting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will execute physical and vocal exercises; do dramatic improvisations and readings; execute ensemble exercises; act from scripted scenes; and perform in public.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "hostos-001136"
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 181",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-181.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001067",
    "code": "VPA 181H",
    "title": "Acting I (HONORS)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will execute physical and vocal exercises; do dramatic improvisations and readings; execute ensemble exercises; act from scripted scenes; and perform in public. (HONORS)",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 181H",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-181h.md"
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001068",
    "code": "VPA 182",
    "title": "Movement for the Actor I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the student to a diversity of movement influences such as mime, the Alexander Technique, the Suzuki training, and Anne Bogart's Viewpoints for the stage. Methods will be used to help the student connect physically, emotionally and mentally with the challenges of the dramatic text. The student will become familiar with the different theories as well as with the application of various methods.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 182",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-182.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "hostos-001069",
    "code": "VPA 183",
    "title": "Voice & Diction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will take a speech diagnostic test at the beginning of the course, and through individual and group exercises, demonstrate measurable improvement in speech production, diction, and pronunciation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 183",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-183.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "hostos-001070",
    "code": "VPA 191",
    "title": "Speaking and Listening",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction ot phonological and phonemic awareness of American English language designed for Intermediate ESL students. Students will understand sound structure and further develop their listening, speaking and reading skills by using readings in poetry and drama rhymes, auditory blending, segmentation, alliterations, and drilling exercises. Students will identify and manipulate the sounds of American English and will improve their pronunciation, enunciation, and auditory skills.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 191",
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    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-191.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "hostos-001071",
    "code": "VPA 193",
    "title": "Voice and Diction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will take a speech diagnostic test at the beginning of the course, and through individual and group exercises, demonstrate measurable improvement in speech production, diction, and pronunciation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/VPA 193",
    "canonical_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-193",
    "markdown_url": "/hostos/courses/vpa-193.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "hostos-001072",
    "code": "VPA 281",
    "title": "Acting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "XRA 112",
    "title": "Radiologic Physics",
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    "id": "hostos-001108",
    "code": "XRA 113",
    "title": "Radiographic Anatomy I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is the study of skeletal anatomy excluding the skull. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between bony structures. Students will learn to identify bony landmarks relevant to radiographic positioning. Classes will stress the importance of identifying radiographic anatomy that correlates to radiographic images taught in XRA 110, Radiography 1. Gross Anatomy will be taught for the head, neck, chest, and abdomen/pelvis.",
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    "id": "hostos-001109",
    "code": "XRA 114",
    "title": "Professional Practice Issues",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The student will identify professional practice issues in medical imaging in the context of the contemporary health care environment. Students will be introduced to the profession, communication practices, patient care and safety, infection control, asepsis, vital signs and basic concepts of personal and radiation safety.",
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    "id": "hostos-001110",
    "code": "XRA 114W",
    "title": "Professional Practice Issues",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The student will identify professional practice issues in medical imaging in the context of the contemporary health care environment. Students will be introduced to the profession, communication practices, patient care and safety, infection control, asepsis, vital signs and basic concepts of personal and radiation safety.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001111",
    "code": "XRA 120",
    "title": "Radiography II & Lab",
    "credits": 2.5,
    "hours": 2.5,
    "description": "All students will analyze detailed information and case studies on the special/advanced radiographic projections of the body and skull and perform them in the on-site energized laboratory.The students will identify, compare, and summarize the positioning terminology, radiographic principles, clinical indications, technical factors, shielding, patient and part position, central ray, collimation, anatomic markers, respiration, and radiographic criteria for each projection covered.The students will also synthesize what they have learned by performing the radiographic procedures in the lab and applying their critical thinking skills to evaluate and correct the images produced using nationally established radiographic criteria for image analysis.",
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    "id": "hostos-001112",
    "code": "XRA 121",
    "title": "Radiologic Science II & Lab",
    "credits": 2.5,
    "hours": 2.5,
    "description": "The student will identify the advanced concepts of radiographic exposure, preparation, and use of technique charts, and be introduced to radiographic equipment calibration.",
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    "code": "XRA 121W",
    "title": "Radiologic Science II & Lab",
    "credits": 2.5,
    "hours": 2.5,
    "description": "The student will identify the advanced concepts of radiographic exposure, preparation, and use of technique charts, and be introduced to radiographic equipment calibration.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001114",
    "code": "XRA 122",
    "title": "Radiation Protection",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to familiarize the student with the proper techniques to ensure maximum safety of patients, personnel, and equipment. Current and historical issues related to radiation protection will be discussed. Topics highlighted during the course include: Types and sources of radiation, interaction of x-ray with matter, radiation quantities and units, radiation monitoring, dose limits for exposure to ionizing radiation, equipment design for radiation protection, management of patient radiation dose, management of personnel radiation dose and radioisotopes and radiation protection.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001115",
    "code": "XRA 123",
    "title": "Radiographic Anatomy II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is designed to familiarize the student with bony skull anatomy. The student will be able to identify the anatomy, surface landmarks and baselines of the skull using diagrams, handouts and radiographs. The course will prepare students for XRA 120 Radiography 2. In addition, cross-sectional anatomy of the head, neck, chest, abdomen and pelvis will be taught using diagrams, handouts and radiographic images. The student will learn basic cross-sectional anatomy to prepare them for Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001116",
    "code": "XRA 124",
    "title": "Contrast Media",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The student will identify the composition and uses for contrast media. Radiographic procedures, positioning and pathology involving the digestive system, biliary tract and urinary system will be looked at in detail.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001117",
    "code": "XRA 129",
    "title": "Clinical Radiography I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Clinical Radiography I prepares radiography students to perform radiologic procedures on patients with direct technologist supervision. Students will apply radiation protection and standard precautions in the production of radiographs in a healthcare setting while adhering to ARRT legal and ethical guidelines. Students will learn basic Chest and Abdominal Radiography. Basic patient care skills, critical thinking and effective communications skills will be emphasized. Four clinical competencies are required.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001118",
    "code": "XRA 139",
    "title": "Clinical Radiography II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The student will apply the basic radiographic procedures under the direct supervision of a qualified radiologic technologist.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/XRA 139",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001119",
    "code": "XRA 210",
    "title": "Radiation Biology",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The student will identify the biological effects of radiation. This course will cover cell biology, biological interactions, tissue, system and total body responses to radiation. The effects of radiation to humans and populations will also be looked at.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001120",
    "code": "XRA 211",
    "title": "Advanced Procedures I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The student will identify radiographic procedures involving surgical and special procedures for, but not limited to, Angiography, Venography, Myelography, Arthrography and hysterosalpingograms. Parmacology, pediatrics and geriatric radiography will also be studied. Topics may be revised to keep up with the latest advances in radiological sciences.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001121",
    "code": "XRA 219",
    "title": "Clinical Radiography III",
    "credits": 2.5,
    "hours": 2.5,
    "description": "The student will apply the basic radiographic procedures under the direct supervision of a qualified radiologic technologist.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001122",
    "code": "XRA 220",
    "title": "Pathology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The student will identify the application of radiologic technology to pathological conditions. The condition of specific organs and systems will be studied. How diseases start and progress, and how they appear on radiographs studied.",
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    "id": "hostos-001123",
    "code": "XRA 220W",
    "title": "Pathology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The student will identify the application of radiologic technology to pathological conditions. The condition of specific organs and systems will be studied. How diseases start and progress, and how they appear on radiographs studied.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/XRA 220W",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001124",
    "code": "XRA 221",
    "title": "Advanced Procedures II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The student will identify those radiographic examinations involving digital imaging modalities and the specialized equipment required for, but not limited to, CT, MRI, digital radiography and digital image processing. Topics may be revised to keep abreast with the latest advances in the radiological sciences.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001125",
    "code": "XRA 222",
    "title": "Applied Quality Assurance",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The student will identify test material/equipment, test procedures and evaluation/interpretation, and preventive and corrective maintenance relating to quality assurance and will minimize unnecessary radiation costs, as well as recognize the public's right to minimal radiation exposure.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/XRA 222",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001126",
    "code": "XRA 229",
    "title": "Clincial Radiography IV",
    "credits": 2.5,
    "hours": 2.5,
    "description": "The student will perform the advanced radiographic procedures under the direct supervision of a qualified radiologic technologist.",
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    "source_url": "https://hostos.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/XRA 229",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001127",
    "code": "XRA 230",
    "title": "Senior Seminar",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is restricted to senior Radiologic Technology students and incorporates many aspects of the profession including emerging technologies. The goal of this course is to facilitate acquisition of the essential skills necessary to assist students adapt to the workplace environment. It was developed to enhance patient care skills in preparation for employment in various types of healthcare facilities. Required simulations and competencies include: CPR, venipuncture, medical emergencies, pharmacology, vital signs and infection control leading to a certificate of competence. Students are required to compile an oral case study presentation to better understand their patients. The major focus of this course is to assist students better integrate the didactic portion of the program with the clinical experience using simulated comprehensive exams. Resume writing and interviewing techniques will be included.",
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  {
    "id": "hostos-001128",
    "code": "XRA 239",
    "title": "Clinical Radiography V",
    "credits": 2.5,
    "hours": 2.5,
    "description": "The student will perform the advanced radiographic procedures under the direct supervision of a qualified radiologic technologist.",
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