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  {
    "id": "northampton-000001",
    "code": "ACCT 100",
    "title": "Accounting for Non-Accountants",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines how business transactions are recorded, summarized, and interpreted for business decision-making purposes. Students will apply the accounting cycle, from event and transaction recognition to financial statement preparation, review, and appreciation. This course will provide a broad knowledge of accounting basics and is designed for non-business majors. Only one of the following: ACCT 100 or ACCT 101 may be applied to a degree. ACCT 100 cannot be used as a substitute for ACCT 101. Also available through Online Learning.",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000002",
    "code": "ACCT 101",
    "title": "Financial Accounting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is the analysis and interpretation of basic accounting structure, systems, and controls applicable to various business entities. Students develop the ability to prepare and analyze the financial statements of sole proprietorships. This course provides an introduction to financial accounting, including generally accepted accounting principles, financial statement preparation, the accounting cycle, specialized journals, accounting for cash, accounts receivable, sales, inventories, and long-lived assets. Both service and retail businesses will be discussed. Only one of the following: ACCT100 or ACCT101 may be applied to a degree. ACCT100 cannot be used as a substitute for ACCT101. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 101",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000003",
    "code": "ACCT 102",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 102",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000004",
    "code": "ACCT 151",
    "title": "Financial Accounting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Analysis and interpretation of business organizations, relating to earnings, reserves, investments, costs, budgeting, and taxes. Prereq. - ACCT 101. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 151",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000005",
    "code": "ACCT 155",
    "title": "Accounting for Managers",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Specialty accounting course designed for the A.A.S. in Business Management. Focus on accounting as part of the management information system, based on the information needs of managers and small business owners; using accounting information for decision making, planning, directing, controlling, motivating, and evaluating. Prereq. - ACCT 101. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 155",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000006",
    "code": "ACCT 160",
    "title": "Accounting Applications",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course students will learn both payroll accounting and QuickBooks. In a hands-on environment, students learn the design and function of a computerized accounting information system, with the emphasis on providing information for external users and for management decision making. The course includes the principles of accounting information systems, the relationship of computerized accounting systems to manual systems, transaction processing, and report generating using an accounting software package, and the application of management decision-0making tools using appropriate software. The payroll accounting portion of the course will include personnel and payroll records, Fair Labor Standards Act, phases of the Social Security Act, and Federal Income Tax Withholding laws. Prereq.- ACCT 101. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 160",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000007",
    "code": "ACCT 201",
    "title": "Intermediate Accounting I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "New approved description: This course is a corporate accounting course dealing with the principles of financial theory and development of accounting theory. This course is the study of accounting principles and procedures essential to the preparation of financial statements with particular emphasis on the course form. Topics of coverage include financial statements, current assets, inventory, property, plant, and equipment, and intangible assets. This course is the first of a series of two intermediate financial accounting courses. It builds on the foundation laid in the two introductory accounting courses to better equip students with the required techniques in preparing and interpreting financial statements. It also examines the conceptual framework of accounting and financial statement presentation. Also available through Online Learning. Prereq. - ACCT151",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 201",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000008",
    "code": "ACCT 202",
    "title": "Managerial Accounting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course gives an understanding of the ways in which management accountants provide relevant information for a variety of decisions to be made in managing any organization. This course emphasizes the uses of accounting information for managerial decision making, planning and control, and cost accumulation and allocation. This course is a study of the uses of accounting information for managerial decision making. Areas of focus include: manufacturing, merchandising, and service cost systems; cost-volume-profit analysis; budgeting; variance analysis, responsibility accounting, and capital investment decision making. Also available through Online Learning. Prereq. - ACCT101",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 202",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000009",
    "code": "ACCT 205",
    "title": "Cost Accounting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to cost accounting as a managerial tool. The examination of the accounting practices to record and control material, labor, and overhead costs. The study includes an in-depth look at job-order, process cost and standard cost system for manufacturing and service firms. Cost accounting provides key data to managers for planning and controlling, as well as data on costing products, services, and customers. Emphasis will be placed upon the application of cost accounting theory in the solution of problems and case studies. Also available through Online Learning. Prereq.- ACCT151",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 205",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000010",
    "code": "ACCT 210",
    "title": "Principles of Finance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 210",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000011",
    "code": "ACCT 220",
    "title": "Income Tax Accounting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a study of current federal income tax as it applies to the individual taxpayer. The course focuses on the preparation of federal income tax returns for individuals and small businesses based on current law, regulations, and current trends in practice. Students analyze the current federal regulations and how these laws affect the income tax liability of individuals. Students are required to complete tax returns using a software package. Also available through Online Learning. Prereq. - ACCT151",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ACCT151"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 220",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000012",
    "code": "ACCT 251",
    "title": "Intermediate Accounting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is theSecondof two courses dealing with corporate accounting and is a continuation of ACCT 201. Its purpose is to gain a sound understanding of generally accepted accounting principles governing the recognition and measurement of liabilities and equity. The topics covered include liabilities, contingencies, stockholders' equity, post-retirement benefits, leases, accounting changes and error correction, statement of cash flows, financial statement analysis, and full disclosure. Students will learn how to apply some of the many accounting and economic concepts they have learned to the analysis of a company's financial position and performance as shown in published information, primarily focusing on financial statements. Also available through Online Learning. Prereq. - ACCT201",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ACCT201"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 251",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000013",
    "code": "ACCT 255",
    "title": "Principles of Auditing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the concepts, principles, and practical applications of auditing in the business and accounting world. The course is an analysis and appraisal of current auditing principles and procedures involving staff organization, professional ethics and legal responsibility, internal control, audit programs and working papers and original record examination. The course emphasizes the concepts and practical applications that will serve as a foundation for developing auditing skills. Students are required to complete a comprehensive audit case study. Also available through Online Learning. Prereq. - ACCT201",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ACCT201"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 255",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/acct-255.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000014",
    "code": "ACCT 501",
    "title": "Accounting Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 501",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/acct-501.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000015",
    "code": "ACCT 502",
    "title": "Cost Accounting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 502",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/acct-502",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/acct-502.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000016",
    "code": "ACCT 503",
    "title": "Cost Accounting",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 503",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/acct-503.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000017",
    "code": "ACCT 551",
    "title": "Accounting Systems",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 551",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/acct-551",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/acct-551.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000018",
    "code": "ACCT 552",
    "title": "Income Tax Accounting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 552",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/acct-552",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/acct-552.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000019",
    "code": "ACCT 562",
    "title": "Income Tax Accounting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 562",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/acct-562",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/acct-562.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000020",
    "code": "ACCT 570",
    "title": "Principles of Auditing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACCT 570",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/acct-570",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/acct-570.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000021",
    "code": "ACLS 020",
    "title": "College Study Skills",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to assist students in attaining college readiness skills. Students will learn strategies for studying, completing assignments, and time management, and strengthen foundational skills in reading and writing. Students will connect to essential academic college services. Required for students who place into either ENGL025 or READ 016.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACLS 020",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/acls-020",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/acls-020.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000022",
    "code": "ACLS 025",
    "title": "Academic Reading and Writing Skills I",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "<p>This is the first of two integrated reading and writing courses that provide intensive practice with critical thinking, reading, and writing in a supportive, collaborative environment. It helps students develop the reading and writing and thinking skills necessary to succeed in English I and other college level courses. Students will engage in the reading and writing processes. They will learn and apply the strategies and develop the skills needed to understand challenging academic reading and to write academic essays. Prereq. - Placement as determined by English and Reading departments through testing.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACLS 025",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/acls-025",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/acls-025.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000023",
    "code": "ACLS 026",
    "title": "Academic Reading and Writing Skills II",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "<p>This is theSecondof two integrated reading and writing courses that provide intensive practice with critical thinking, reading, and writing in a supportive, collaborative environment. The course helps students develop the reading and writing and thinking skills necessary to succeed in English I and other college level courses. Students will engage in the reading and writing processes. They will learn and apply the strategies and develop the skills needed to understand challenging academic reading and to write academic essays.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACLS 026",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/acls-026",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/acls-026.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000024",
    "code": "ACLS 050",
    "title": "Introduction to Academic Literacy",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "<p>This integrated and accelerated reading and writing course provides intensive practice with critical thinking, reading, and writing in a supportive, collaborative environment. It helps students develop the reading and writing skills necessary to succeed in English I and other college level courses. Students will engage in the reading and writing processes. They will learn and apply the strategies and develop the skills needed to understand challenging academic reading and to write academic essays. This course is graded R1 Released to ENGL 101, R2 Released to ENGL 027 and ENGL 101, or N Not-released. Prereq. - Placement as determined by the Reading and English departments through testing.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ACLS 050",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/acls-050",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/acls-050.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000025",
    "code": "ADVT 104",
    "title": "Adventure Course Practicum",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course will involve structured work experience in selected adventure/challenge course and adventure tourism facilities with a minimum of 255 contact hours. Students are required to function in a variety of workstations to reinforce learned classroom/lab skills. The student will be required to submit evaluations of his/her work. The application of adventure course principles to the work environment serves as a valuable learning experience for the student. This course may be taken two times for credit.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ADVT 104",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/advt-104",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/advt-104.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000026",
    "code": "ADVT 114",
    "title": "Challenge Course Operations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students will learn the essential fundamentals in proper operation of a variety of low and high challenge courses, including practice lines, assist procedures, harness procedures, inspections, documentation, staffing and training. The course will also include initiatives for adventure programming in problem solving, trust, team development, self-confidence, and communication skills. This course will utilize a blend of lecture and field based classes, allowing for hands-on involvement. Participants must be willing to learn and practice in cold and other environmental conditions, engage in hands on learning, work at height and enjoy a physical challenge.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ADVT 114",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/advt-114",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/advt-114.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000027",
    "code": "ADVT 124",
    "title": "Safety and Risk Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This class will focus upon the skills necessary to safely operate and maintain challenge course structures and their associated equipment, with a requirement on daily site inspections, annual inspections and updates, operator certification and staff training in both hard and soft skills. Students will also learn about risk management practices as they relate to challenge course facilities, to include customer contractual agreements, safety policies and procedures, and emergency preparedness. This class will utilize a blend of lecture and field based classes, allowing for hands-on involvement. Participants must be willing to learn and practice in cold conditions, engage in hands on learning, work at height and enjoy a physical challenge.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ADVT 124",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/advt-124",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/advt-124.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000028",
    "code": "ARCH 100",
    "title": "Architecture History I - Antiquity to 1870",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course focuses on understanding the physical environment through the study of dominant architectural attitudes, forms, and functions as influenced by the social, cultural, </span><span>historical</span><span> and philosophical determinants of architecture through the ages</span><span>. </span><span>This course will also bridge architectural continuity with the past, and its relation to the present. Students will learn methods of historical inquiry and comparative analysis with an emphasis on classical and neoclassical periods. </span><span>Restricted to Architecture and Interior Design </span><span>majors</span><span>. </span><span>Core: AH. Offered fall semester only</span></span><span><span>.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 100",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-100",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-100.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000029",
    "code": "ARCH 100G",
    "title": "Architecture History I - Antiquity to 1870",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course focuses on understanding the physical environment through the study of dominant architectural attitudes, forms, and functions as influenced by the social, cultural, </span><span>historical</span><span> and philosophical determinants of architecture through the ages</span><span>. </span><span>This course will also bridge architectural continuity with the past, and its relation to the present. Students will learn methods of historical inquiry and comparative analysis with an emphasis on classical and neoclassical periods. </span><span>Restricted to Architecture and Interior Design </span><span>majors</span><span>. </span><span>Offered fall semester only</span></span><span><span>.</span></span> Core: AH, WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 100G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-100g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-100g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000030",
    "code": "ARCH 101",
    "title": "Architectural Graphics I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>The b</span><span>asic skills of architectural communication</span><span> are covered</span><span> with emphasis on</span><span> developing design drawings and visualization skills and their relationship to the design process</span><span>. </span><span>This course explores both</span><span> freehand and drafted methods including projections in orthographic and </span><span>paraline</span><span> drawings,</span><span> including</span><span> shades and shadows</span><span>. Special </span><span>emphasis</span><span> is placed</span><span> on freehand perspective drawing as a design tool</span><span>. The exploration</span><span> of</span><span> </span><span>paraline</span><span> and perspective drawings on the computer </span><span>are introduced </span><span>as a means of enhancing freehand skills; model making skills. Offered fall semester only.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARCH110"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000031",
    "code": "ARCH 103",
    "title": "Construction Materials & Methods I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 103",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-103",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-103.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000032",
    "code": "ARCH 104",
    "title": "Architectural Presentation",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 104",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-104",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-104.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000033",
    "code": "ARCH 105",
    "title": "Intro to Interior Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 105",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-105",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-105.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000034",
    "code": "ARCH 110",
    "title": "Architecture Design Studio I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This is the first studio in a four-semester foundation design studio sequence. It is an introduction to the fundamental principles of design, design vocabulary and design process. Studio projects include a range of both two- and three-dimensional abstract exercises architectonic in nature. Organizing systems will be explored in accompaniment with the study of historical precedents. Emphasis is placed on graphic communication and model making. Offered fall semester only.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARCH101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 110",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-110",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-110.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000035",
    "code": "ARCH 120",
    "title": "Color and Industrial Form",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The study of physical and psychological aspects of light and color. Examination of systems of color classification, selection, and application. Analysis and generation of industrial form. Relationship of personal sensitivity and dexterity to the formation of products. Cabinet and furniture making techniques. Prereq. - ARCH 101 and 110.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 120",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-120",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-120.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000036",
    "code": "ARCH 121",
    "title": "Architectural Graphics II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students will continue development of the graphic language of architecture with an emphasis placed on different hand skills with orthographic drawings extended to the formal language of architecture and developed into formal plans, elevations, </span><span>sections</span><span> and details, linework, notation, dimensioning, material </span><span>indication</span><span> and sheet layout. </span><span>Different types</span><span> of drawings are incorporated as tools during the design process. </span><span>Computer and hand skills are used as tools in the exploration of diagrammatic, other analytical drawings and model making.</span><span> Offered spring semester only</span></span><span><span>.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARCH101",
      "ARCH110",
      "ARCH150"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 121",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-121",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-121.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000037",
    "code": "ARCH 125",
    "title": "Interior Materials",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Investigation, analysis, evaluation, history, manufacturing, and application of decorative textiles, wall and floor coverings, and accessories. Proper relationships of line, form, color, and texture.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 125",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-125",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-125.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000038",
    "code": "ARCH 150",
    "title": "Arch Design Studio II (Digital)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This </span><span>Digital studio</span><span>-</span><span>making </span><span>course </span><span>transitions from abstract principles to architectural projects adding issues of function, space, </span><span>surface</span><span> and structure. The course is a continued emphasis on understanding and developing design process and historical precedent. Students will learn basic programmatic research; use of the program Autodesk Revit in the digital environment for fundamental techniques </span><span>required</span><span> to visualize three-dimensional spaces and objects as an integral part of the design process. Students will develop the ability to create computer generated design process drawings/models including perspective, plans, sections, isometrics and </span><span>axonometrics</span><span> as a means to solving design problems. Offered spring semester only.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARCH101",
      "ARCH110"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 150",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-150",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-150.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000039",
    "code": "ARCH 155",
    "title": "Arch Hist II - 1870 to Present",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course covers the </span><span>h</span><span>istory and theory of the modern er</span><span>a</span><span>. </span><span> </span><span>M</span><span>ethods of historical inquiry and comparative analysis</span><span> are incorporated. </span><span>E</span><span>mphasis</span><span> is placed</span><span> on the modern movement, particularly recent movements in architecture and their impact on current thinking. </span></span><span><span>Restricted to Architecture and Interior design majors. </span><span>Core: SIT.</span></span><span><span> </span><span>Offered spring semester only.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 155",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-155",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-155.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000040",
    "code": "ARCH 200",
    "title": "Architecture Internship",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Qualified students may choose the </span><span>option</span><span> of the Architecture Internship and apply their practical office experience to their education for credit. Students must be working under the direction of an employer with a professional degree in Architecture. Arrangements will be made through the Architecture Department.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARCH121",
      "ARCH150",
      "ARCH155"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 200",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-200",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-200.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000041",
    "code": "ARCH 203",
    "title": "Principles of Surveying",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 203",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-203",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-203.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000042",
    "code": "ARCH 204",
    "title": "Design & Anly of Structural Form",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course focuses on the f</span><span>undamental concepts of statics, </span><span>forms</span><span> and forces for a spectr</span><span>um of architectural structures including a non- calculus approach in </span><span>structural analysis incorporating both graphic representation and </span><span>basic </span><span>numeric investigation</span><span>, with particular emphasis on th</span><span>e impact of structure on design and the</span><span> study of structures through full scale model building. Offered fall semester only</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARCH121",
      "MATH145"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 204",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-204",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-204.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000043",
    "code": "ARCH 205",
    "title": "Computer Graphics",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 205",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-205",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-205.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000044",
    "code": "ARCH 206",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 206",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-206",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-206.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000045",
    "code": "ARCH 209",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 209",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-209",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-209.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000046",
    "code": "ARCH 210",
    "title": "Architecture Design Studio III",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course is the c</span><span>ontinued development of design vocabulary and design </span><span>process with emphasis on</span><span> further development of architectural projects considering program, site and context reinforced by historical precedent; use of materials and structure and their impact on design</span><span>. Specific </span><span>emphasis </span><span>will be </span><span>on conceptualization and the importance of the building &#39;parti&#39;; traditional model making; </span><span>appropriate use</span><span> of both traditional graphic representation as well as the computer as a design t</span><span>ool during the design process. Students will complete </span><span>written research papers on design problems and historical precedent as part of the exploration process. Offered fall semester only.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARCH121",
      "ARCH150",
      "ARCH155"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 210",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-210",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-210.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000047",
    "code": "ARCH 210G",
    "title": "Architectural Design III",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 210G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-210g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-210g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000048",
    "code": "ARCH 211",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 211",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-211",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-211.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000049",
    "code": "ARCH 212",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 212",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-212",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-212.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000050",
    "code": "ARCH 214",
    "title": "Arch Mtls & Meths of Construct I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This is the</span></span><strong><span> </span></strong><span><span>first course in a two-term sequence of building technology with an emphasis on conceptual framework integrating construction into the design process. Students will learn the properties of materials used in construction, their </span><span>appropriate use</span><span>, and their impact on design</span><span>. </span><span>The course will cover methods of construction in wood, masonry, concrete, and steel. Offered fall semester only.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARCH121"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 214",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-214",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-214.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000051",
    "code": "ARCH 215",
    "title": "Advanced Digital Analysis",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Advanced computer design and analysis focuses on complex </span><span>three-dimensional</span><span> modeling using Autodesk Revit software. </span><span>Students will be introduced to BIM (building information modeling) through constructing 3D models as a design and analytical tool.</span><span> 3D models will be </span><span>utilized</span><span> to analyze structure, circulation, volume, </span><span>enclosure,</span><span> and zoning in both historical and current projects as a precursor to modeling studio projects. Offered Fall semester only.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARCH150"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 215",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-215",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-215.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000052",
    "code": "ARCH 216",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 216",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-216",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-216.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000053",
    "code": "ARCH 221",
    "title": "Architectural Structures",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Understanding the materials for construction; basic structural theory; the building process, mechanical, and electrical requirements of building and remodeling; vocabulary of architectural communication including specifications. Prereq. - ARCH 121; Coreq. - ARCH 214. For students who entered in Fall 2001 or earlier.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 221",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-221",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-221.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000054",
    "code": "ARCH 222",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 222",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-222",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-222.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000055",
    "code": "ARCH 224",
    "title": "Mechanical & Electrical Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 224",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-224",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-224.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000056",
    "code": "ARCH 225",
    "title": "Interior Design Studio I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Assembling and harmonizing furniture and decorative objects from the point of view of utility and beauty. Analysis of furniture arrangement and room composition, draperies and window treatments, and lighting. Practical problems illustrating the requirements of certain types of residential rooms. Incorporation of the computer as a design tool. Preparation of written research and design position papers on assigned design problem and their solutions. Prereq. - ARCH 105, 121, 125, 150, and 155 or departmental permission. For students who entered in Fall 2001 or earlier.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 225",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-225",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-225.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000057",
    "code": "ARCH 225G",
    "title": "Interior Design Studio I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 225G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-225g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-225g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000058",
    "code": "ARCH 250",
    "title": "Architecture Design Studio IV",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This is the fourth and last course in the series focusing on r</span><span>esolution of more complex architectural programs with the context </span><span>of a community-wide environment using a</span><span> broad st</span><span>udy of a local rural community </span><span>narrowing to a study of the main hub of a</span><span>ctivity, usually &#39;Main Street&#39;</span><span>. </span><span>The course narrows </span><span>further to an individual architectural problem important to the co</span><span>mmunity and a </span><span>project sel</span><span>ected as subject of the semester examining</span><span> site analysis and </span><span>fundamental urban design issues. This includes</span><span> class publication illustrating class involvement and understan</span><span>ding of community design issues</span><span>. </span><span> </span><span>Specific emphasis on</span><span> a physical presence in the community with student drawing and mode</span><span>ls available to citizen review and </span><span>student interaction with members of the community. Offered spring semester only.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARCH210"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 250",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-250",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-250.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000059",
    "code": "ARCH 253",
    "title": "Contracts and Specifications",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The preparation of specifications, contract documents, legal requirements concerning general conditions, supplementary general conditions, insurance and technical specifications, methods of contract, and specifications implementation, including cost breakdown and payment. Prereq. - ARCH 121 or departmental permission. For students who entered in Fall 1999 or earlier.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 253",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-253",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-253.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000060",
    "code": "ARCH 254",
    "title": "Arch Mtls & Mths of Construct II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This is the second course in sequence with an emphasis on systems integration including: foundation/wall, wall/window, floor/wall, and wall/roof. The course covers the integration of building assemblies including structural, </span><span>mechanical</span><span> and electrical and their impact on design and the design process. Students will learn codes, standards, safety, accessibility, </span><span>documentation</span><span> and specifications. Offered spring semester only.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARCH214"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 254",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-254",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-254.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000061",
    "code": "ARCH 255",
    "title": "Interior Design Studio II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 255",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-255",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-255.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000062",
    "code": "ARCH 265",
    "title": "Digital Production Drawing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course focuses on the s</span><span>tudy of architectural working drawings</span><span>. It is a basic overview of </span><span>digital media as a basis </span><span>for</span><span> creating a complete set of construction do</span><span>cuments from a schematic design</span><span>. It covers</span><span> the process </span><span>of </span><span>a </span><span>working drawing development. Students will </span><span>determine</span><span> the required drawing necessary to express the schematic d</span><span>esign to a constructed project. Students will continue their </span><span>development of the required drawings focusing on standard drawing conventions and methods currently in practice. </span><span>This is an introduction </span></span><span><span>to</span><span> </span><span>rendering</span><span> software, techniques, and digital presentation drawing </span><span>delivery.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARCH101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 265",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-265",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-265.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000063",
    "code": "ARCH 285",
    "title": "Spcl Stdy Arch - Architectural Community Design Studio",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 285",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-285",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-285.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000064",
    "code": "ARCH 293",
    "title": "Special Studies in Architecture",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "See Statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 293",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-293",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-293.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000065",
    "code": "ARCH 295",
    "title": "Spcl Stdy Arch - ArchecturalDesign Studio IV",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Special Studies for selected Architecture Students.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 295",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-295",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-295.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000066",
    "code": "ARCH 401",
    "title": "Architectural Graphics I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 401",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-401",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-401.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000067",
    "code": "ARCH 402",
    "title": "Arch & Tech Illustration",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 402",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-402",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-402.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000068",
    "code": "ARCH 403",
    "title": "Construction Materials & Methods I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 403",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-403",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-403.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000069",
    "code": "ARCH 405",
    "title": "Intro to Interior Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 405",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-405",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-405.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000070",
    "code": "ARCH 420",
    "title": "Color and Industrial Form",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 420",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-420",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-420.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000071",
    "code": "ARCH 425",
    "title": "Architectural Structures",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 425",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-425",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-425.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000072",
    "code": "ARCH 451",
    "title": "Architectural Graphics II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 451",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-451",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-451.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000073",
    "code": "ARCH 452",
    "title": "Structural Graphics",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 452",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-452",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-452.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000074",
    "code": "ARCH 453",
    "title": "Construction Mat & Methods I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 453",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-453",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arch-453.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000075",
    "code": "ARCH 455",
    "title": "Interior Materials",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARCH 560",
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    "title": "Art - Online Learning",
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    "code": "ARTA 101",
    "title": "Art History Survey",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 101",
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    "code": "ARTA 102",
    "title": "Color, Drawing & Design",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 102",
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    "code": "ARTA 103",
    "title": "Anatomy & Life Drawing",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 103",
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    "id": "northampton-000097",
    "code": "ARTA 104",
    "title": "Drawing I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 104",
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    "code": "ARTA 105",
    "title": "Two Dimensional Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-000099",
    "code": "ARTA 106",
    "title": "TV Production",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 106",
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    "id": "northampton-000100",
    "code": "ARTA 107",
    "title": "Drawing I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers basic concepts, theories, media and techniques of drawing explored through still life, landscape, the figure, portraiture, and perspective studies. Emphasis will be on the development of observational drawing skills, composition, and an understanding of drawing as a primary form of visual communication and personal expression.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 107",
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    "id": "northampton-000101",
    "code": "ARTA 108",
    "title": "2-D Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 108",
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    "id": "northampton-000102",
    "code": "ARTA 109",
    "title": "Digital Typography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Concepts of type design; creative use of type in visual problem solving; technical considerations including specifying type, selecting the correct type for the job, and preparing type for digital reproduction; use of graphics computers using pagination software.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 109",
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    "code": "ARTA 109N",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 109N",
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    "id": "northampton-000104",
    "code": "ARTA 110",
    "title": "Principles of 3-D Design",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the theory and application of three-dimensional design with an emphasis on the elements of art and principles of organization as the foundation of successful visual problem solving and creativity. Projects cover a variety of media and techniques; technical, perceptual, and analytical skill development; and contemporary and historical art and design practices.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 110",
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    "id": "northampton-000105",
    "code": "ARTA 111",
    "title": "Principles of 2-D Design & Color",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to the theory and application of two-dimensional design for the creation of pictorial space. The formal elements of art and principles of organization will be covered in depth with a special focus on the nature and properties of color. Students will be guided through a series of projects using a variety of dry, wet, digital and mixed media. Development of technical, perceptual, and analytical skills will be emphasized along with an understanding of historical and contemporary art and design practice.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 111",
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    "id": "northampton-000106",
    "code": "ARTA 124",
    "title": "Drawing II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course builds on concepts, theories, media and techniques introduced in Drawing I; and continues exploration of still life, landscape, and perspective studies with additional focus on the figure and portraiture. Emphasis is on the continuing development of observational drawing skills, composition, and an understanding of drawing as a primary form of visual communication and personal expression. Prereq.- ARTA 107 and 111.",
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    "id": "northampton-000107",
    "code": "ARTA 126",
    "title": "Painting II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Advanced problems in still life, the figure, self-portraiture, and abstraction building on foundation skills from Painting I; discussion and exploration of historical and contemporary approaches to painting to provide an informed basis for the development of personal style and direction. Offered on demand. Prereq. - ARTA 111 and 158.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 126",
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    "id": "northampton-000108",
    "code": "ARTA 130",
    "title": "Web Design I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Web Design I is an introduction to website design and development with industry standard software and basic use of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), JavaScript, and image optimization. This course addresses best practices in current web design, web standards, and web publishing. Finally, students will discuss web design careers and freelance design opportunities. </span></span><span> </span></p>",
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    "id": "northampton-000109",
    "code": "ARTA 131",
    "title": "Intro to 3-D Computer Animation",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to 3-D Computer Animation is an exploration of a variety of current computer animation software and state of the art digital technology. The course introduces students to best practices of computer animation and visual effects; model building, rendering, lighting, key-frame animation and character animation. Prereq. - ARTA170.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 131",
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    "id": "northampton-000110",
    "code": "ARTA 132",
    "title": "Web Animation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to introduce students to the many different creative aspects of web animation, while building a strong technical foundation. Students will learn a foundation in the basic principles of animation as well as how to implement them in different types of web animation software. Students are encouraged to experiment with this broad application and find their own personal expression while learning how to apply it to everyday work environments. Prereq. - ARTA 130. Also available through Online Learning.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 132",
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    "id": "northampton-000111",
    "code": "ARTA 133",
    "title": "Advanced 3-D Computer Animation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Designed to build on the skills, knowledge and experience gained in the Introduction to 3-D Computer Animation course. Emphasis will be placed on working with advanced 2-D and 3-D computer animation techniques and software for use in print, interactive multimedia and web site productions. Prereq.- ARTA 131.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 133",
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    "id": "northampton-000112",
    "code": "ARTA 134",
    "title": "3-D Character Animation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Utilizing professional 3D modeling and animation software, students will conceptualize, design, construct and animate original characters; complex scene creation, organic softbody modeling, forward and inverse kinematics, character rigging, expressions and motion modifiers, lip synching, motion capture technology, video compositing, post production editing, compression algorithms, and multi-format optimization. Prereq. - ARTA 131 and 133 or permission of the instructor.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 134",
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    "id": "northampton-000113",
    "code": "ARTA 135",
    "title": "3-D Animation Portfolio",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is intended for advanced 3-D animation students capable of working independently as well as part of an animation team. Working collaboratively, students will conceptualize, design, animate, and produce a final, independent animation. Students will have the opportunity to work on all facets of the production, but will be encouraged to consider an area of specialization within the creative/production process. By course completion, each student will be expected to have created their own demo reel. Prereq. - ARTA 131, 133, and 134.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 135",
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    "id": "northampton-000114",
    "code": "ARTA 136",
    "title": "Interactive Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course presents a visual and creative approach to learning interactive design with the basic fundamentals object-oriented programming. Students will learn the fundamentals of programming within a visual context, including how to develop strong conceptual skills required for creating interactive applications. Interactive design and programming is intended for both creative and technical oriented individuals. Prereq. - ARTA 132.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 136",
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    "id": "northampton-000115",
    "code": "ARTA 138",
    "title": "Intro to Video Game Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the basic technical and conceptual elements of video game design and provides a solid foundation for future work. Major emphasis will be placed on understanding the gaming industry, the phases of the game development cycle, preparation of a game design document, and the creation of a simple 'mod' using a modern game engine. A working knowledge of personal computers, popular software, and the Internet is important for course success.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 138",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000116",
    "code": "ARTA 139",
    "title": "Advanced Video Game Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines advanced topics in video game design from a broad perspective, both in regard to theory and practice. In addition, the course presents an overview of best practices within the video game industry as well as an analysis of the more controversial issues within the field, including violence in video gaming and gender portrayals. Students will learn to create virtual characters, objects and environments using an integrated game development environment. Issues relating to gaming narrative structure and interactive storytelling will also be covered. Prereq. - ARTA 138.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 139",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000117",
    "code": "ARTA 140",
    "title": "Advanced Web Portfolio",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Course is intended for advanced students in the specialized diploma in web design. Working independently and in collaborative teams, each student will develop a web-based portfolio showcasing work completed throughout their diploma program, as well as new pieces created during this course. In addition, advances courses in web design and development will be covered, including server and client side scripting, introduction to databases, media integration, and a broad survey of current web technologies. Regarding technology and scripting: emphasis will be placed on best practices from a designer perspective. Prereq. - ARTA130 or permission of instructor.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 140",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000118",
    "code": "ARTA 150",
    "title": "Art of the United States",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An exploration of the historical, cultural and social political implications of the art of the United States: a survey of the art that is American from early colonial times to the present, with an emphasis on the twentieth century.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 150",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000119",
    "code": "ARTA 151",
    "title": "Black and White Photography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to 35mm camera work, black and white film and print processing; basic techniques of exposure, lighting and laboratory work; emphasis on technical/creative/aesthetic aspects of photography. Students must furnish their own manually adjustable 35mm cameras, bxw film and paper, matboard, and miscellaneous supplies. Formerly ARTA 251. Additional course fees: $20.00.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 151",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000120",
    "code": "ARTA 152",
    "title": "Adv. Design I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 152",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000121",
    "code": "ARTA 153",
    "title": "Life Drawing I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 153",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000122",
    "code": "ARTA 154",
    "title": "Lettering & Typography",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 154",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000123",
    "code": "ARTA 155",
    "title": "Painting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 155",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000124",
    "code": "ARTA 156",
    "title": "Drawing II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 156",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000125",
    "code": "ARTA 157",
    "title": "3-D Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 157",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000126",
    "code": "ARTA 158",
    "title": "Painting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers basic concepts, theories, and techniques of painting, through the exploration of still life, portraiture, photographs, and mixed media experimentation. Emphasis is on the development of observational painting skills, composition, color mixing, and an understanding of painting as a primary form of visual communication and personal expression. Prereq. - ARTA107 and ARTA111.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA107",
      "ARTA111"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 158",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000127",
    "code": "ARTA 159",
    "title": "Drawing II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 159",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000128",
    "code": "ARTA 160",
    "title": "3-D Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 160",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000129",
    "code": "ARTA 161",
    "title": "Ceramics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A basic introduction to the clay medium: earth, water, and fire. The techniques of hand building (pinch, coil, slab) wheel thrown forms, and clay/glaze technology will be covered. An awareness of traditional and contemporary approaches to ceramics will be emphasized. Additional course fee: $40.00.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 161",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000130",
    "code": "ARTA 162",
    "title": "Sculpture",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course provides a hands-on introduction to methods, techniques and aesthetics of sculpture. Students will be guided through a series of projects using a variety of traditional sculptural media such as wood, plaster, stone, metal, plastic, and new technologies with digital methods that aid in the creation of sculpture such as 3D printing, laser cutting/engraving, and CNC machining. Students will develop technical, perceptual, and analytical skills, which will be emphasized along with an understanding of historical and contemporary sculpture practices.</span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 162",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000131",
    "code": "ARTA 163",
    "title": "Painting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 163",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000132",
    "code": "ARTA 164",
    "title": "Printmaking",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the basic principles of printmaking and applies concepts of image making and editioning within the fine arts. Multiple techniques will be covered including collagraph, monoprint, linocut, drypoint, solarplate (relief, intaglio, protogravure), digital media, and non-adhesive book binding/folio creation. Foundation Design concepts, research methods and critiques will also be emphasized.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 164",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000133",
    "code": "ARTA 170",
    "title": "Computer Graphics",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Introduction to computer graphics and basic design principles. Utilizing photo and vector editing applications, students will learn the fundamentals of digital design, image editing/scanning and printing. Assignments, both in and outside of the classroom, will be contextually based, providing real world applications with each lesson.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 170",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000134",
    "code": "ARTA 171",
    "title": "Desktop Publishing",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Desktop Publishing is an introductory course in the use of industry standard page layout software. Students will learn the basic concepts for print design utilizing text, images, and graphics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 171",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000135",
    "code": "ARTA 172",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 172",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000136",
    "code": "ARTA 175",
    "title": "Computer Graphics II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Improvement of skills using computer drawing and illustrating applications in Macro Media Freehand, Adobe Illustrator, and Adobe PhotoShop; use of matrix camera and scanner in conjunction with additional open lab time. Combination of lecture/demonstration and hands-on experience with additional open lab time. Prereq. - ARTA 170 or permission of instructor.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 175",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000137",
    "code": "ARTA 176",
    "title": "Desktop Publishing II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Electronic pagination applications in PageMaker and QuarkXpress; realistic and comprehensive applications of the software in creating newsletters, forms, flyers, brochures, and annual reports; color application in page layout and design. Prereq. - ARTA 171 or permission of instructor.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 176",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-176",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000138",
    "code": "ARTA 180",
    "title": "Digital Design & Typography I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Designed to introduce students to the visual and conceptual issues of graphic design and typography. Assignments investigate typography as an element of design whose form and purpose is to convey information in a structured, legible and expressive manner. Students will work with a variety of software applications as they develop their understanding of letterform, graphic design, Gestalt principles, and typographic organization. This course is a combination of lecture, demonstration and hands-on experience. Prereq.- ARTA 170.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA170"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 180",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000139",
    "code": "ARTA 181",
    "title": "Digital Design & Typography II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Designed to further develop and strengthen the skills and knowledge obtained in Digital Design and Typography I. Assignments are selected with the student's portfolio in mind and provide a variety of design challenges that will enhance the student's competitive power for industry needs. Special emphasis will be placed on typographic detail, vocabulary, the design process, presentation, assemblage, and problem solving in a \"real world\" context. This course concludes with a hardcopy build portfolio. Prereq.- ARTA 180.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 181",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000140",
    "code": "ARTA 190",
    "title": "Creative Designs",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to improve conceptual abilities as applied to design. Students will create innovative design projects, emphasizing best practices of the creative design process and visual problem solving. Focus will be on the use of creative thinking techniques and research typically involved with producing a workable design using an innovative approach. Prereq.- ARTA 170.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA170"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 190",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-190",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-190.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000141",
    "code": "ARTA 193",
    "title": "Special Studies in Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 193",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-193.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000142",
    "code": "ARTA 200",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 200",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000143",
    "code": "ARTA 201",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 201",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-201.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000144",
    "code": "ARTA 202",
    "title": "Life Drawing II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 202",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-202.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000145",
    "code": "ARTA 203",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 203",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-203",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-203.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000146",
    "code": "ARTA 204",
    "title": "Drawing III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course advances concepts, theories, media and techniques developed in Drawing II, while continuing to explore classic themes. Emphasis is on continuing development of core drawing and design skills, technique and content research, more advanced work with the figure, and the creative challenges to work inventively with various drawing media. Prereq.- ARTA 124.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA124"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 204",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-204",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000147",
    "code": "ARTA 205",
    "title": "Digital Design I",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Visual and conceptual issues of graphic design; creative problem solving using graphics computers and software. It is recommended that students have completed ARTA 111. Prereq. ARTA 170.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 205",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-205",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000148",
    "code": "ARTA 206",
    "title": "Sculpture",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 206",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-206.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000149",
    "code": "ARTA 207",
    "title": "Painting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 207",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-207",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-207.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000150",
    "code": "ARTA 208",
    "title": "Mobile Development",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is a comprehensive overview of developing native mobile apps for a variety of platforms. The focus is on group work from students majoring in a variety of disciplines with the goal of creating real-world products that exemplify the strengths of Communication Design, Web Development and Computer Science students. Prereq.-ARTA 240.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA240"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 208",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-208",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-208.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000151",
    "code": "ARTA 210",
    "title": "Package Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an advanced course, exploring three-dimensional graphic design, processes, and techniques and branding theories. This course specifically defines and identifies visual communication for package structure and use of typography, color and images of three-dimensional prototypes. Students will be challenged with problem-solving techniques as applied in scale, material, form and function. Prereq.- ARTA 181.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA281"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 210",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-210",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-210.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000152",
    "code": "ARTA 220",
    "title": "Media Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Combination of elements, approaches and techniques from fine art and applied art with cutting-edge digital technology; theory, methodology and professional practices covered through lectures, in-class hands-on practice and outside assignments; students approach projects conceptually, synthesizing original integrative solutions, which hopefully expand existing conventions; concepts include collaboration, iteration, metaphor, art as commodity, making vs. finding, perfection vs. perfectionism, and creativity and transcendence. Formerly ARTA 257. Prereq. - ARTA 170.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA170"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 220",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-220",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-220.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000153",
    "code": "ARTA 225",
    "title": "Digital Design II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Builds on conceptual, visual and digital skills of ARTA 205; development of a personal design style, mastery of digital systems and an understanding of pre-press and printing concepts. Prereq. - ARTA 205.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 225",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-225",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-225.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000154",
    "code": "ARTA 226",
    "title": "Painting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Advanced problems in still life, the figure, self-portraiture, and abstraction building on foundation skills from Painting I; discussion and exploration of historical and contemporary approaches to painting to provide an informed basis for the development of personal style and direction. Offered on demand. Formerly ARTA 126. Prereq. - ARTA 111 and 158.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA111",
      "ARTA158"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 226",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-226",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-226.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000155",
    "code": "ARTA 230",
    "title": "Motion Graphics I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course will introduce critical concepts and hands-on skills in the current Motion Graphics industry. Students will discuss topics related to the motion graphics </span></span><span><span>industry while using standard tools for motion design, video animation and compositing</span></span><span><span>. Students will be equipped with the skills necessary for storyboarding, script writing, video editing, basic animations and practices used in video branding, and creating commercial promotional videos.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA170"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 230",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-230",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-230.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000156",
    "code": "ARTA 231",
    "title": "Motion Graphics II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course will build on critical concepts and hands-on skills learned in Motion Graphics I. Students will discuss topics related to advanced motion graphics techniques</span></span><span><span> while using standard tools for motion design, video animation and compositing</span></span><span><span>. Students will be equipped with the skills necessary for storyboarding, visual effects, advanced animations, practices used in video branding, and creating commercial promotional videos.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA230"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 231",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000157",
    "code": "ARTA 232",
    "title": "User Interface Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>User Interface Design is an advanced course in the theory and implementation of accessible human interfaces for web and mobile interfaces. Students will learn how to design adaptive user interfaces using industry-standard UI/UX (User Interface/User Experience) design tools. Students will learn how to solve a variety of user experience design problems through user research, interface design, interactive prototypes, and user testing. </span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA130"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 232",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000158",
    "code": "ARTA 233",
    "title": "Advanced 3-D Computer Animation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to build on the skills, knowledge and experience gained in the ARTA131 Introduction to 3-D Computer Animation course. Emphasis will be placed on working with advanced 3-D computer animation techniques for film, new media, and video games. Formerly ARTA133. Prereq. - ARTA131.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 233",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-233",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-233.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000159",
    "code": "ARTA 236",
    "title": "Interactive Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course presents a visual and creative approach to learning interactive design with the basic fundamentals of object-oriented programming. Students will learn the fundamentals of programming within a visual context, including how to develop strong conceptual skills required for creating interactive applications. Interactive design and programming is intended for both creative and technical oriented individuals. Formerly ARTA136.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA170"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 236",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-236",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-236.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000160",
    "code": "ARTA 240",
    "title": "Web Design II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Web Design II is an advanced web design course focusing on responsive web design, web animation, accessibility, standards-based design, and advanced interactivity. Students will be exposed to theories of information architecture and adaptive mobile design, which aid in creating more accessible and dynamic websites with HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), and JavaScript. Students will build on the skills presented in ARTA 130 Web Design I to create responsive web layouts that are accessible on both mobile and desktop web browsers.</span></span></p>",
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      "ARTA130"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 240",
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    "id": "northampton-000161",
    "code": "ARTA 251",
    "title": "Black and White Photography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to 35mm camera work, black-and-white film and print processing; basic techniques of exposure, lighting and laboratory work; emphasis on technical/creative/aesthetic aspects of photography. Students must furnish their own manually adjustable 35mm cameras, bxw film and paper, matboard, and miscellaneous supplies. Additional course fees: $20.00.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 251",
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    "id": "northampton-000162",
    "code": "ARTA 253",
    "title": "Guerrilla Marketing Media",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course will focus on developing unconventional and alternative methods of media for the video and photography industry. Students will focus on creating different types of promotional materials using guerrilla-style strategies in areas such as the environment, journalistic style, social media campaigns and commercial branding. Students will demonstrate the skills necessary to use different types of media equipment such as portable high-resolution cameras, aerial drones, action cameras, portable sliders, 360 devices, and various hand-held gimbals.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA170"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 253",
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    "id": "northampton-000163",
    "code": "ARTA 254",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 254",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000164",
    "code": "ARTA 255",
    "title": "Illustration",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Visual problems of illustration and the conceptual and technical processes used to solve them; use of traditional wet and dry media, communication concepts via the combining of pictorial images with type, visual and journalistic problems with consideration of current market trends; additional concepts explored using graphic computers and software.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 255",
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    "id": "northampton-000165",
    "code": "ARTA 256",
    "title": "Visual Comm: Hist/Theory/Pract",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey of the history, theory and practice of visual communication from the invention of alphabets and writing to electronic new media. Emphasis is placed on understanding key inventions, techniques, historical and social movements and individuals in the evolution of human visual communications. Prereq. - ARTA 101, 111, and 180.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 256",
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    "id": "northampton-000166",
    "code": "ARTA 257",
    "title": "Electronic Illustration",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Builds on visual and conceptual skills of ARTA 255; use of computer hardware and image editing software in the creation of digital illustrations. Prereq. - ARTA 255.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 257",
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    "id": "northampton-000167",
    "code": "ARTA 259",
    "title": "Web Page Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The use of HTML and the creative design of web pages; use of Web authoring programs; it is recommended that students have extensive knowledge of image editing and illustration software.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 259",
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    "id": "northampton-000168",
    "code": "ARTA 260",
    "title": "Individual Studio/Profes Practic",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>An intensive studio experience for personal development and growth, that culminates in a final, semester-end exhibition. The critique will be the core process where aesthetic awareness and creative issues unfold. Students gain knowledge of professional practices through visits to galleries, museums, and artists&#39; studios; and meeting artists, dealers, critics, and museum staff; researching and writing about these experiences.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA164",
      "ARTA204",
      "ARTA226",
      "ARTA251",
      "ARTA282",
      "ARTA220"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 260",
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    "id": "northampton-000169",
    "code": "ARTA 260G",
    "title": "Individual Studio/Profes Practic",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "An intensive studio experience affording students the opportunity for an extended period of personal development and growth, led and critiqued by accomplished visual artists. Will culminate in students participating in a group exhibition. The critiquing process is fundamental to the visual, aesthetic, and conceptual growth of students. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ARTA 126, 204 and ENGL 101.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 260G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000170",
    "code": "ARTA 261",
    "title": "Advanced Ceramics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This advanced exploration of the clay medium builds on the foundation skills acquired in ARTA 161 Ceramics. The relationship of technique to concept will be examined with an emphasis on craftsmanship. Wheel throwing, hand building, glazing, and firing techniques will be covered in greater depth. Coverage of contemporary issues in ceramics will help students develop a more informed aesthetic sensibility for the ceramic arts. Offered on demand. Prereq.- ARTA 161. Additional course fees: $60.00.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA161"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 261",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000171",
    "code": "ARTA 269",
    "title": "Advertising/Marketing Workshop",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Familiarizes students with the design process as it applies to advertising, marketing and the creative process; helps students gain a greater understanding of the important relationship between advertising/marketing strategy and effective design. Prereq. - ARTA 170 and 180.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 269",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000172",
    "code": "ARTA 270",
    "title": "Professional Workshop",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Course to assist Communication Design majors in becoming professional members of the new digital media design market; developing and assembling a portfolio of work - both in traditional and digital formats, design and writing of the resume, how to identify job opportunities and prepare for job interviews, knowing how to use the new digital media for self-promotion; outside guest speakers from various visual communications fields critique and evaluate students' portfolios during scheduled class time and at a portfolio-day presentation.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 270",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000173",
    "code": "ARTA 270G",
    "title": "Professional Workshop",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Course to assist Communication Design majors in becoming professional members of the new digital media design market; developing and assembling a portfolio of work - both in traditional and digital formats, design and writing of the resume, how to identify job opportunities and prepare for job interviews, knowing how to use the new digital media for self-promotion; outside guest speakers from various visual communications fields critique and evaluate students' portfolios during scheduled class time and at a portfolio-day presentation. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 270G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000174",
    "code": "ARTA 280",
    "title": "Color Photography",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Introduction to color photography, materials and lab techniques; emphasis on lighting, color theory, digital imaging, and aesthetics; practice in traditional color printing on light sensitive paper with automated processing and digital color printing. Prereq. - ARTA 251 or permission of instructor. Additional course fees: $50.00.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 280",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000175",
    "code": "ARTA 281",
    "title": "Digital Design & Typography II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to further develop and strengthen the skills and knowledge obtained in Digital Design & Typography I. Assignments are selected with the student's portfolio in mind and provide a variety of design challenges that will enhance students' competitive power for industry needs. Special emphasis will be placed on typographic detail, vocabulary, the design process, presentation, assemblage, and problem solving in a \"real world\" context. This course concludes with a hardcopy built portfolio. Formerly ARTA181. Prereq. - ARTA180.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA180"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 281",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000176",
    "code": "ARTA 282",
    "title": "Digital Photography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is an introduction to digital photography using an Apple Macintosh computer and a variety of digital software and peripheral devices. The course presents an overview of best practices of digital photo capture (camera work), file organization, image manipulation, and storage and output devices. Prereq.- ARTA 170. Additional course fees: $50.00. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA170"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 282",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000177",
    "code": "ARTA 284",
    "title": "Creative Photography",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Course to improve the technical and creative skills developed in ARTA 251; emphasis on the development of creative, visual and conceptual skills using the medium of black-and-white, and non-traditional photography; students work with a variety of photographic film, paper and chemistry in creating a portfolio of original work; various camera formats used in the creative process. Prereq. - ARTA 251 or permission of instructor. Additional course fees: $30.00.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 284",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000178",
    "code": "ARTA 285",
    "title": "Portfolio Workshop",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is the capstone course in Communication Design curriculum. This course will assist students in becoming professional members of the new digital media design market. Students will be revising, developing and assembling a portfolio in both hard-copy and digital formats. Guest speakers from various communication design fields will critique and evaluation students' portfolios during class time and at the final capstone portfolio-day presentation. Prereq.- ARTA 181.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARTA281"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 285",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000179",
    "code": "ARTA 286",
    "title": "Advanced Digital Imaging",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Advanced work in digital imaging which explores innovative options available using the software Photoshop; working with channels, masking color separations, and refinement of editing and manipulation tools. Prereqs. û ARTA 280, 282, and 284.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 286",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000180",
    "code": "ARTA 288",
    "title": "Graphics for the World Wide Web",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 288",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-288.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000181",
    "code": "ARTA 401",
    "title": "Early Childhood Art",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 401",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000182",
    "code": "ARTA 402",
    "title": "Art & Communications",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 402",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000183",
    "code": "ARTA 403",
    "title": "Early Childhood Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 403",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000184",
    "code": "ARTA 404",
    "title": "Drawing I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 404",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000185",
    "code": "ARTA 405",
    "title": "2-Dimensional Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 405",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-405.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000186",
    "code": "ARTA 411",
    "title": "3-Dimensional Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 411",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000187",
    "code": "ARTA 451",
    "title": "Painting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 451",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000188",
    "code": "ARTA 452",
    "title": "Drawing II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 452",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000189",
    "code": "ARTA 453",
    "title": "3-Dimensional Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 453",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-453",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000190",
    "code": "ARTA 454",
    "title": "Mechanical Drawing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 454",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-454",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-454.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000191",
    "code": "ARTA 455",
    "title": "Pottery",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 455",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-455.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000192",
    "code": "ARTA 501",
    "title": "Drawing III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 501",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000193",
    "code": "ARTA 502",
    "title": "Sculpture",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 502",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-502.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000194",
    "code": "ARTA 503",
    "title": "Painting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 503",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-503.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000195",
    "code": "ARTA 511",
    "title": "Advertising Design II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 511",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-511",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-511.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000196",
    "code": "ARTA 521",
    "title": "Graphic Design I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 521",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-521",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-521.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000197",
    "code": "ARTA 525",
    "title": "Illustration",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 525",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-525.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000198",
    "code": "ARTA 527",
    "title": "3-Dimensional Materials",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 527",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-527",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-527.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000199",
    "code": "ARTA 531",
    "title": "Graphic Design II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 531",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-531",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-531.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000200",
    "code": "ARTA 541",
    "title": "Professional Workshop",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 541",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-541",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-541.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000201",
    "code": "ARTA 551",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 551",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-551",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-551.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000202",
    "code": "ARTA 552",
    "title": "Life Drawing III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ARTA 552",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/arta-552.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000203",
    "code": "ARTA 553",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "title": "GM Shop Management Practices",
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    "title": "GM Braking & Suspension System",
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    "title": "GM Air Conditioning& Heat Systems",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "ASEP 416",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "ASEP 417",
    "title": "GM Auto Transmission Systems",
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    "code": "ASEP 418",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "ASEP 419",
    "title": "Advanced GM Electronic Systems",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "ASEP 433",
    "title": "GM Fuel Systems",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-000281",
    "code": "ASEP 434",
    "title": "GM Emission Control Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-000282",
    "code": "ASEP 518",
    "title": "GM Diagnosis & Tune-Up Proc",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ASEP 518",
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    "code": "AUTC 100",
    "title": "Automotive  Fundamentals",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>This course is an overview of Automotive service practices and procedures, shop equipment, use of electronic service information, basic diagnosis and minor repairs, identification of components and component nomenclature.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "code": "AUTC 101",
    "title": "Chrysler Engines",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
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    "prerequisites": [],
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    "code": "AUTC 102",
    "title": "Chrysler Braking & Suspnsion Sys",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Theory, principles of operations, and terminology of Chrysler brake system and suspension system designs; emphasis on accurate inspection and diagnosis, location and interpretation of specifications, use of special tools and computerized equipment, accurate measurement and adjustment of alignment angles, and correct repair procedures.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTC 102",
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    "code": "AUTC 103",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTC 103",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/autc-103",
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    "id": "northampton-000287",
    "code": "AUTC 104",
    "title": "Chrysler Suspension & Alignment",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the theory, principles of operation, and terminology of Chrysler suspension system designs. The emphasis is on system inspection and accurate malfunction diagnosis, parts replacement procedures, location and interpretation of specifications, measuring and adjustment of alignment angles, wheel balancing, correct use of special tools and equipment, and correct repair procedures on Chrysler vehicles.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "code": "AUTC 105",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "id": "northampton-000289",
    "code": "AUTC 110",
    "title": "Technical Practicum I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Work experience at a sponsoring dealership. The tasks will be consistent with the technicianÆs ability and previous course work. Coreq. û AUTC 101, 102 and 105.",
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    "code": "AUTC 120",
    "title": "Technical Practicum II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Work experience at a sponsoring dealership. The tasks will be consistent with the technicianÆs ability and previous course work. Coreq. û AUTC 121, 125, 127 and AUTO 111.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTC 120",
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    "code": "AUTC 121",
    "title": "Chrysler Air Conditioning& Heat Systms",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Operation, diagnosing, and servicing of Chrysler air conditioning systems and components; emphasis on electronic climate control system troubleshooting and repair. Prereq.- AUTO/ASEP/AUTC 105. Additional course fees: $10.00. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "code": "AUTC 125",
    "title": "Advanced Chrysler Electronic Sys",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "prerequisites": [
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    "code": "AUTC 127",
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    "code": "AUTC 203",
    "title": "Chrysler Shop Mgmt Practices",
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    "code": "AUTC 211",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTC 211",
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    "code": "AUTC 220",
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    "hours": 2,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTC 220",
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    "code": "AUTC 221",
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      "AUTC125",
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    "code": "AUTC 224",
    "title": "AdvancedChrysler Automotive  Studies",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "AUTC 226",
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    "hours": 4,
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      "AUTO175"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTC 226",
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    "code": "AUTC 403",
    "title": "Chrysler Shop Mgmt Practices",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-000304",
    "code": "AUTC 411",
    "title": "Chrysler Engines",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTC 411",
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    "code": "AUTC 412",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-000306",
    "code": "AUTC 415",
    "title": "Chrysler Air Conditioning& Heat Systm",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "AUTC 416",
    "title": "Chrysler Mech Drive Train Syst",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-000308",
    "code": "AUTC 417",
    "title": "Chrysler Auto Transmission Systm",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTC 417",
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    "id": "northampton-000309",
    "code": "AUTC 418",
    "title": "Basic Chrysler Elec & Elctronic",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTC 418",
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    "id": "northampton-000310",
    "code": "AUTC 419",
    "title": "Advanced Chrysler Electr System",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTC 419",
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    "id": "northampton-000311",
    "code": "AUTC 433",
    "title": "Chrysler Fuel Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTC 433",
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    "id": "northampton-000312",
    "code": "AUTC 434",
    "title": "Chrysler Emission Control System",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTC 434",
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    "id": "northampton-000313",
    "code": "AUTC 518",
    "title": "Chrysler Diagnosis & Tune-Up",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTC 518",
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    "id": "northampton-000314",
    "code": "AUTO 011",
    "title": "Auto Service & Maintenance",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Use of special Automotive tools, meters and shop reference materials; basic maintenance including front-end lubrication and inspection, brakes, wheel bearings, engine, cooling system, fuel systems, ignition and electrical systems; under hood routine maintenance checks, and safe use of vehicle lifting and hoisting mechanisms. Designed for the Automotive student who has had limited exposure to the Automotive service industry. Additional course fees: $10.00.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 011",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-011",
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    "id": "northampton-000315",
    "code": "AUTO 100",
    "title": "Automotive  Fundamentals",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>This course is an overview of Automotive service practices and procedures, shop equipment, use of electronic service information, basic diagnosis and minor repairs, identification of components and component nomenclature.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 100",
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    "id": "northampton-000316",
    "code": "AUTO 101",
    "title": "Automotive  Engines",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the operational principles of basic engine systems and overhaul of Automotive engines. Emphasis is on the proper use of precision measuring instruments and rebuilding tools, ability to locate and interpret engine specifications, engine diagnosis, and correct repair procedures. Pre- or coreq. - AUTO/ASEP/AUTC100. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-101.md"
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    "id": "northampton-000317",
    "code": "AUTO 102",
    "title": "Auto Brakes & Suspension Systems",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Theory, principles of operation, and terminology of brake system designs and suspension system designs; emphasis on accurate system inspection and diagnosis, location and interpretation of use of special tools and equipment, accurate measurement and adjustment of alignment angles and correct repair procedures.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 102",
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    "id": "northampton-000318",
    "code": "AUTO 103",
    "title": "Automotive  Brakes",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the theory, principles of operation, and terminology of brake systems designs. The emphasis is on system inspection, accurate malfunction diagnosis, location and interpretation of specifications, proper use of special tools and machining equipment for disc/drum and standard/power systems, and correct repair procedures. Pre- or coreq. - AUTO/ASEP/AUTC100. Additional course fees: $10.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 103",
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    "id": "northampton-000319",
    "code": "AUTO 104",
    "title": "Auto Suspension & Alignment",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the theory, principles of operation, and terminology of suspension system designs. The emphasis is on system inspection and accurate malfunction diagnosis, parts replacement procedures, location and interpretation of specifications, measuring and adjustment of alignment angles, wheel balancing, correct use of special tools and equipment, and correct repair procedures. Pre- or coreq. - AUTO/ASEP/AUTC100. Additional course fees: $10.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 104",
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    "id": "northampton-000320",
    "code": "AUTO 105",
    "title": "Automotive  Electrical Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers electricity and magnetism, basic DC circuits used in Automotive electrical systems. The use of meters, wiring diagrams, Automotive wiring repair, location and interpretation of specifications, semiconductors, microprocessors and selected electronic devices used in automobiles is also covered in this course. Pre- or coreq.- AUTO/ASEP/AUTC100. Additional course fees: $10.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 105",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000321",
    "code": "AUTO 106",
    "title": "PA Safety Inspection Certificate",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>A 12 hour Pennsylvania Bureau of Motor Vehicles program designed to lead to certification by the state as an official inspection mechanic. Successful completion of the course and meeting all state requirements will lead to becoming a state licensed safety inspection mechanic. This course is graded Pass/Fail. Coreq.- AUTO/ASEP/AUTC 103 and 104. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "AUTO103",
      "AUTO104"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 106",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-106.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000322",
    "code": "AUTO 110",
    "title": "Introduction to Hybrid and Electric Vehicles",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This is an introductory course to hybrid </span><span>and electric </span><span>vehicles. Vehicle features, operating modes, and major h</span><span>ybrid/electric </span><span>components will be covered. Correct safety practices will be emphasized. Hybrid</span><span> and electric</span><span> vehicle maintenance and general service procedures will be covered. Restricted to Auto students only.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "AUTO105"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 110",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-110",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-110.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000323",
    "code": "AUTO 111",
    "title": "PA Safety Insp/Emiss. Test Cert.",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Prepares and tests students to receive the PA Safety Inspection Certification and the PA Emissions Testing Certification.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 111",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-111",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000324",
    "code": "AUTO 121",
    "title": "Auto Air Conditioning & Heating Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers operation, diagnosis, and servicing of auto air conditioning systems and components with emphasis on electronic climate control system troubleshooting and repair. Prereq.- AUTO/ASEP/AUTC 105. Additional course fees: $10.00. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "AUTO105"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 121",
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    "id": "northampton-000325",
    "code": "AUTO 125",
    "title": "AdvancedAuto Electronic Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the theory, operation, diagnosis and repair of starting, charging, ignition, computer control, and electrical-electronic accessory systems to include electronic cruise control, body controls, driver information systems, and entertainment systems. Prereq. - AUTO 105. Additional course fees: $10.00. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "AUTO105"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 125",
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    "id": "northampton-000326",
    "code": "AUTO 127",
    "title": "Automotive  Fuel Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Theory, operations, diagnosis, and repair of fuel systems; emphasis on location and interpretation of specifications, proper use of test equipment, accurate diagnosis of malfunctions of the Automotive fuel system to include electronic fuel injection and computer controlled carburetors, and correct repair procedures.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 127",
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    "id": "northampton-000327",
    "code": "AUTO 130",
    "title": "Automotive Service Advising",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to prepare students for the role as a service advisor in an automotive repair facility. Emphasis will be on managing workload, interacting with the customers and technicians, writing repair orders, basic knowledge and skills of professional selling and practicing ethical sales practices. Methods of maintaining or increasing customer satisfaction index (CSI will be emphasized). Additional Course Fees: $10.00",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 130",
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    "id": "northampton-000328",
    "code": "AUTO 145",
    "title": "Winter Practicum I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>In this course, students will gain work experience in tasks consistent with the course work of the preceding semester at a sponsoring dealership, approved Automotive service facility or the advanced technology lab on campus with a minimum of 210 contact hours. Pre- or coreq. - AUTO 103, 104 and 105.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "AUTO103",
      "AUTO104",
      "AUTO105"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 145",
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    "id": "northampton-000329",
    "code": "AUTO 175",
    "title": "Summer Practicum",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "In this course, students will gain work experience in tasks consistent with the course work of the preceding semester at a sponsoring dealership, approved Automotive service facility or the advanced technology lab on campus with a minimum of 390 contact hours. Pre- or coreq. - AUTO/ASEP/AUTC103, AUTO/ASEP/AUTC104, AUTO/ASEP/AUTC121, and AUTO/ASEP/AUTC125.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "AUTO103",
      "AUTO104",
      "AUTO121",
      "AUTO125"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 175",
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    "id": "northampton-000330",
    "code": "AUTO 203",
    "title": "Auto Shop Mgmt Practices",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Principles of operation for today's Automotive repair center to include staffing, customer relations, personnel management, schedule of work and workers, parts inventory control procedures, job costs, supervisor roles in cost control, business law with special applications to the Automotive repair field, marketing, and advertising the Automotive repair services. Prereq.- AUTO 175.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 203",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-203",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000331",
    "code": "AUTO 203G",
    "title": "Auto Shop Mgmt Practices",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the principles of operation for today&#39;s Automotive repair center to include staffing, customer relations, personnel management, schedule of work and workers, parts inventory control procedures, job costs, supervisor roles in cost control, business law with special applications to the Automotive repair field, marketing, and advertising the Automotive repair services. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101. Core: WI. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "AUTO175",
      "ENGL101"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 203G",
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    "id": "northampton-000332",
    "code": "AUTO 211",
    "title": "Auto Fuel & Emission Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the theory, operation, and diagnosis of malfunctions of electronically controlled emission systems with emphasis on location and interpretation of specifications and accurate diagnosis of malfunctions by the proper use of test equipment and correct repair procedures. Prereq.-AUTO 125 and 175. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "AUTO125",
      "AUTO175"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 211",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000333",
    "code": "AUTO 221",
    "title": "Advanced Engine Performance",
    "credits": 3,
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      "AUTO125",
      "AUTO175",
      "AUTO211"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 221",
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    "code": "AUTO 224",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Topics related to recent developments or advanced systems currently in production on GM/DaimlerChrysler vehicles. Prereq. - AUTO 101, 103, 104, 105, 121, 125 and 175. Additional course fees: $10.00. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
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      "AUTO104",
      "AUTO105",
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      "AUTO125",
      "AUTO175"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 224",
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      "AUTO125",
      "AUTO175"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 225",
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    "id": "northampton-000336",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 226",
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    "hours": 5,
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 402",
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    "description": null,
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    "description": null,
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    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 407",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 411",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 412",
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    "code": "AUTO 413",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 413",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000348",
    "code": "AUTO 414",
    "title": "Automotive  Electrical Systems",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 414",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-414",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-414.md"
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    "id": "northampton-000349",
    "code": "AUTO 415",
    "title": "Auto A/C & Heating Systems",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 415",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-415",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-415.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000350",
    "code": "AUTO 416",
    "title": "Auto Mech Drive Train Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 416",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-416",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-416.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000351",
    "code": "AUTO 417",
    "title": "Automatic Transmission Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 417",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-417",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-417.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000352",
    "code": "AUTO 418",
    "title": "Basic Auto Electrical Systems",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 418",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-418",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-418.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000353",
    "code": "AUTO 419",
    "title": "Advanced Auto Electronic Systems",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 419",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-419",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-419.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000354",
    "code": "AUTO 431",
    "title": "Automotive  Braking Systems",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 431",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-431",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-431.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000355",
    "code": "AUTO 432",
    "title": "Automotive  Suspension Systems",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 432",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-432",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-432.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000356",
    "code": "AUTO 433",
    "title": "Automotive  Fuel Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 433",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-433",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-433.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000357",
    "code": "AUTO 434",
    "title": "Auto Emission Control Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 434",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-434",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-434.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000358",
    "code": "AUTO 501",
    "title": "Engine Assembly II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 501",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-501",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-501.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000359",
    "code": "AUTO 502",
    "title": "Fuel Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 502",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-502",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-502.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000360",
    "code": "AUTO 503",
    "title": "Automotive  Air Conditioning",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 503",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-503",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-503.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000361",
    "code": "AUTO 504",
    "title": "Diagnosis",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 504",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-504",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-504.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000362",
    "code": "AUTO 505",
    "title": "Drive Train II",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 505",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-505",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-505.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000363",
    "code": "AUTO 506",
    "title": "Troubleshooting & Tune-Up",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 506",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-506",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-506.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000364",
    "code": "AUTO 507",
    "title": "Cost Factors in Automotive  Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 507",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-507",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-507.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000365",
    "code": "AUTO 508",
    "title": "Diagnosis & Tune-Up",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 508",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-508",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-508.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000366",
    "code": "AUTO 511",
    "title": "PA Inspection & Emission Cert",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 511",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-511",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-511.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000367",
    "code": "AUTO 515",
    "title": "Advanced Topics Auto Tech I-Diesel",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 515",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-515",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-515.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000368",
    "code": "AUTO 516",
    "title": "Advanced Topics in Auto Tech II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 516",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-516",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-516.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000369",
    "code": "AUTO 518",
    "title": "Diagnosis & Tune-Up Procedures",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/AUTO 518",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-518",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/auto-518.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000370",
    "code": "BAKE 101",
    "title": "Baking and Pastry Fundamentals",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>In this course, students will learn the basics of professional bakeshop work: mise en place, common baking terminology, baking math (measuring and converting recipes), product and tool identification, and safety and sanitation. This course also prepares the student to take the ServSafe Managers Certification exam while enrolled in the course. In addition, this course also provides an overview of the baking and pastry industry including career development opportunities, trade organizations along with career options, goal setting and requirements for success in the industry. Included in the course will be the history of the foodservice industry, and current nutritional trends. Restricted to Baking &amp; Pastry Students. Students are required to have a baking kit and professional chef’s uniform according to departmental policy</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BAKE 101",
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    "code": "BAKE 110",
    "title": "Introduction to Baking and Pastry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BAKE 110",
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    "code": "BAKE 125",
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    "prerequisites": [
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    "hours": 3,
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    "prerequisites": [
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course will focus on the methods and techniques of creating both basic and advanced cookies and bars as well as petit fours. Skills in cookie shaping, decorating and finishing techniques will be developed along with speed and consistency. Petit Four skills will include the use of poured fondant, poured chocolate, piping, and decoration. Various petite desserts and miniature desserts, including mini cakes and tarts will be discussed, prepared and garnished. Presentation and retail applications will also be emphasized. Sanitary practices and compliance with laws and ordinances of the Department of Agriculture are enforced. Students are required to have a baking kit and a professional chef&#39;s uniform to participate in class according to departmental uniform policies. Restricted to Baking and Pastry students</p>",
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      "BAKE150"
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    "id": "northampton-000377",
    "code": "BAKE 165",
    "title": "Plated Desserts",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students will develop the ability to combine tastes, textures, and shapes to produce classical and modern plated desserts. Students will gain knowledge of techniques and equipment needed to produce desserts, sauces, and garnishes, and to use these components to create composed plated desserts that are both delicious and visually striking. Emphasis on station organization, timing, food safety and sanitation, and service coordination for dessert production. Sanitary practices and compliance with laws and ordinances of the Department of Agriculture are enforced. Students are required to have a baking kit and a professional chef&#39;s uniform to participate in class according to departmental uniform policies. Restricted to Baking and Pastry students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BAKE150"
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    "id": "northampton-000378",
    "code": "BIOS 011",
    "title": "Understanding Living Things",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000379",
    "code": "BIOS 100",
    "title": "Biological Science",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000380",
    "code": "BIOS 101",
    "title": "Botany I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 101",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000381",
    "code": "BIOS 103",
    "title": "General Biology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "A survey of the principles of modern biology, examination of the chemistry, structure, heredity, reproduction, development, ecology, and evolution of living things. BIOS 105 and BIOS 103 may not both count for credit toward the same degree. Also available through Distance Learning.",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000382",
    "code": "BIOS 104",
    "title": "Field Ecology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course provides a survey of the principles and techniques of ecology. Class work stresses the theories behind the field work, including the structure of the physical and biotic components of the environment, conservation and preservation of wildlife and natural resources, biogeography and classification. Laboratory work is centered around field experiences. This course is designed for students not intending to major in science. Core: SCI.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 104",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000383",
    "code": "BIOS 105",
    "title": "Contemporary Biology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed for students not intending to major in science or the allied health fields. It focuses on the development of awareness of the impact of biology on individuals and the environment and the understanding of the process of science, ecology, cells, genetics, selected human systems and evolution. Not more than one of the BIOS 103, 105, or 107 may count for credit towards the same degree. Approved for the Honors Program. Also available through Online Learning. Core: SCI.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 105",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000384",
    "code": "BIOS 105G",
    "title": "Contemporary Biology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed for students not intending to major in science or the allied health fields. It focuses on the development of awareness of the impact of biology on individuals and the environment and the understanding of the process of science, ecology, cells, genetics, selected human systems and evolution. Not more than one of the BIOS 103, 105, or 107 may count for credit towards the same degree. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101. Core: SCI, WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 105G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000385",
    "code": "BIOS 107",
    "title": "Introduction to Biology I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed for science majors. Utilizing an evolutionary approach, the molecular basis of life will be studied, including such topics as the scientific method, chemistry, cell structure and function, cellular respiration, photosynthesis, mitosis, meiosis, genetics, and evolution. Not more than one of BIOS 105, 107, or 115 may count for credit toward the same degree. Core: SCI.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 107",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000386",
    "code": "BIOS 110",
    "title": "In Your Genes",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed for students with an interest in modern genetics and the Human Genome Project, and will develop an awareness of the impact of genetics on individuals, society, and the environment. The courseÆs goal is to empower students to make informed decisions about ethical dilemmas in genetics that society will face in the next generation. This course is not intended for Biological Science or Allied Health majors. Core: SCI. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 110",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000387",
    "code": "BIOS 111",
    "title": "General Biology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 111",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000388",
    "code": "BIOS 115",
    "title": "Essentials of Biology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed to build skills necessary for successful completion of advanced Biology courses, especially those in the Allied Health fields. Basic topics such as the metric system, atomic structure, and informational literacy will be covered, as well as more in depth biological subjects such as cell structure and function, and human genetics. This course will concentrate on the principles of biology related to the human body, but will not cover body systems, evolution or other topics of general interest. Not more than one of BIOS 105, 107, or 115 may count for credit toward the same degree. Also available through Online Learning. Core: SCI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 115",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000389",
    "code": "BIOS 126",
    "title": "Environmental Science",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces students to the study of human impact on the environment and the fundamental principles of ecology. The effects of pollution and human disruption on the natural systems of the Earth will be studied, including water, air, and habitat destruction. Municipal solid waste issues, hazardous materials, alternative energy, and public policy (Federal, State, and Local levels) are also addressed. While there are some lab experiments carried out in the lab, laboratory work will center around field experience. This course is designed for students not intending to major in science. Core: SCI and D. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 126",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000390",
    "code": "BIOS 130",
    "title": "Basics of Human Anatomy and Physiology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed to introduce students to the basics of the structure and function of the human body, of the inter-relation of the body systems and an understanding of homeostasis and its role in disease. This course is not intended for Allied Health majors or science majors. BIOS 130 will count as SCI for Healthcare Office AAS students only. Only one of BIOS 130 or BIOS 160 or BIOS 204 can be used for credit in the same program. Restricted to Social Work Degree, Healthcare Office Coordinator Degree, Health Care Billing and Coding Specialized Diploma, Health Care Office Specialist Certificate, and Medical Assistant Special Diploma majors only. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 130",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000391",
    "code": "BIOS 150",
    "title": "Biology II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Using an evolutionary framework, this course is a survey of the major taxonomic divisions and hierarchical organization of living systems on the planet. This course emphasizes eukaryotic organisms as it illustrates the similarities and differences in living forms through descriptions of their anatomy, physiology, ecology, reproduction, and development. Prereq.- BIOS 107. CORE: SCI</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS107"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 150",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000392",
    "code": "BIOS 151",
    "title": "Botany II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 151",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000393",
    "code": "BIOS 152",
    "title": "Human Anatomy & Physiology II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 152",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000394",
    "code": "BIOS 160",
    "title": "Human Biology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed to introduce students to the structure and function of the human body. The course begins with a review of biochemistry and cell structure. It then uses a systems approach to examine the parts and workings of the skeletal, muscular, nervous, digestive, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, urinary and reproductive systems. Not more than one of BIOS130, BIOS160, or BIOS204 may count for credit towards the same degree. Prereq. - high school biology or BIOS 105 or 107 or 115. Also available through Online Learning. Core: SCI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS105",
      "BIOS107",
      "BIOS115"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 160",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000395",
    "code": "BIOS 171",
    "title": "Animal Biology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Systematic comparative study of all invertebrate and vertebrate animal organisms with emphasis on their evolutionary relationships and lines of descent; structural, behavioral, and ecological features for each major group; dissection, observation, and field study of representative types. Prereq. - BIOS 103.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 171",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000396",
    "code": "BIOS 180",
    "title": "Introduction to Forensic Science",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an introduction to the field of forensic science as applied to criminal investigations and the law. This course will employ a data-driven approach to solving simulated criminal cases using a variety of scientific methods to examine physical evidence. Evidence-based lab experiments include examinations of soil samples, hair fiber, blood patterns, fingerprints, and ballistics and will be conducted to build a logical case in a criminal investigation. The laboratory will culminate in a final project employing a number of these methods. Limitations and abilities of experimental techniques will also be examined throughout the course. Core: SCI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 180",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000397",
    "code": "BIOS 183",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 183",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000398",
    "code": "BIOS 184",
    "title": "Intro to Biotechnology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Fundamental concepts needed for a thorough understanding of biotechnology and its applications; overview of the objectives, techniques, and problems related to the application of biotechnology in different fields; medical biotechnology and pharmaceutical development; ethical issues and their implications in the new biotechnological advances; the business components of biotechnology; the vaccine industry used as an example. Prereq. - BIOS 103 or 107.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 184",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000399",
    "code": "BIOS 191",
    "title": "Special Studies in Biology",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 191",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000400",
    "code": "BIOS 201",
    "title": "Invertebrate Zoology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 201",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000401",
    "code": "BIOS 202",
    "title": "Microbiology for Allied Health",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course will provide students with a foundation in the principles of morphology and physiology as they apply to microbes. The control of bacteria and other microorganisms will be discussed. This course will also look into the medical and economic importance of microorganisms and the role of pathogens. The laboratory portion of the course will focus on aseptic techniques, biochemical analysis off bacteria, the isolation, identification and enumeration of bacteria. This course is oriented toward students who are interested in the Allied Health field. This course is not intended for the biology major. BIOS 202 and 240 may not both be used for credit. Core: SCI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS-107",
      "BIOS-160",
      "BIOS-204",
      "VETC-101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 202",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000402",
    "code": "BIOS 203",
    "title": "Histology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 203",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000403",
    "code": "BIOS 204",
    "title": "Human Anatomy & Physiology I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course is a thorough introduction to the structure and function of the human body. The course will include a survey of biochemistry, cell biology, histology, and the anatomy and physiology of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular and nervous systems of the body. Not more than one of BIOS 130, 160 or 204 may count for credit toward the same degree. Prereq. - one year of high school biology or BIOS 107 or 115. Also available through Online Learning. Core: SCI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS107",
      "BIOS115"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 204",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000404",
    "code": "BIOS 205",
    "title": "Plant Biology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Survey of the plant kingdom. Anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, evolution, and ecology of vascular and non-vascular plants. Emphasis on functions of specialized cell types and plant parts. Importance of photosynthesis, water absorption, translocation, growth differentiation, and reproduction. Includes laboratory, greenhouse, and field work. Prereq. - BIOS 103 or 107. To be deleted effective 2004/05.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 205",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000405",
    "code": "BIOS 206",
    "title": "General Ecology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>The study of interrelationships between organisms and their environment. Topics include physical factors, adaptation of species, energy flow, nutrient cycling, biogeography, population dynamics, community structure and function, ecosystems analysis, ecological management applications, and the effects of human impact. Most lab work is conducted in the field. Prereq. - BIOS 107 and 150. Core: SCI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 206",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000406",
    "code": "BIOS 210",
    "title": "Environmental Biology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Utilizing an ecosystem approach, this course provides a survey of the broad topics of ecology and the environmental sciences. This approach gives an integrative study of the interactions of living systems with the physical world. Particular emphasis will be placed on conservation at the local level (Pocono Mountain and Lehigh Valley) and how these issues relate to global concerns. Topics include aquatic as well as terrestrial ecosystems, pollution, and the distinction between conservation and preservation. Prereq.- BIOS107. Core: D.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS107"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 210",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000407",
    "code": "BIOS 220",
    "title": "Field Zoology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an overview of animal groups, emphasizing the vertebrate fauna of eastern Pennsylvania. The lecture portion of the course will cover concepts in animal morphological and behavioral adaptations, ecological relationships, evolutionary history, and conservation. Laboratory sessions will include a number of field trips to local sites of interest and will focus on species identification and animal survey methods. Prereq.- BIOS 150.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 220",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000408",
    "code": "BIOS 230",
    "title": "Field Botany",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an overview of plant groups, emphasizing the terrestrial flora of eastern Pennsylvania. The lecture portion of the course will cover concepts in plant morph morphology and adaptations, ecological relationships, evolutionary history, and conservation. Laboratory sessions will include a number of field trips to local sites of interest and will focus on species identification and animal survey methods. Prereq.- BIOS 150.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 230",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000409",
    "code": "BIOS 240",
    "title": "Microbiology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course will provide and introduction into the field of microbiology and will include discussions of prokaryotic, eukaryotic and acellular microbes. It will cover the characteristics, growth and metabolism of the microbes, as well as how microbes interact with other organisms and their environment. The lab component emphasizes aseptic techniques and methods of isolation, enumeration, staining, and biochemical characterization. It is intended to fulfill one of the biology elective requirements for biology majors during their sophomore semester. BIOS240 and BIOS202 may not both be used for credit towards the same degree. Prereq. - BIOS150 and CHEM120.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS150",
      "CHEM120"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 240",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000410",
    "code": "BIOS 250",
    "title": "Intro Cell & Molecular Biology.",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "A molecular approach to the study of the cell structure and function, including basic topics in biochemistry, cell physiology, and molecular genetics; laboratory exercises with a strong emphasis on basic DNA manipulation techniques. Prereq. - BIOS 107, CHEM 201 and ENGL 101.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 250",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000411",
    "code": "BIOS 250G",
    "title": "Intro Cell & Molecular Biology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Same as BIOS 250; writing intensive. Prereq. - BIOS 103, CHEM 120, and ENGL 101.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 250G",
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    "code": "BIOS 251",
    "title": "Vertebrate Zoology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "BIOS 254",
    "title": "Human Anatomy & Physiology II",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed as a continuation of BIOS 204 and will cover the following systems: circulatory, lymphatic, endocrine, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Additional topics will include water, electrolyte and acid/base balance and nutrition, metabolism and energy balance. Prereq. - BIOS 204. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
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    "id": "northampton-000414",
    "code": "BIOS 260",
    "title": "Genetics",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "id": "northampton-000415",
    "code": "BIOS 264",
    "title": "Brain Dysfunction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 264",
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    "id": "northampton-000416",
    "code": "BIOS 281",
    "title": "Research in Biology",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>An independent, experimental investigation of an area of biology selected by the students in consultation with and under the guidance of a biology faculty member; both library and laboratory research is required. Offered on demand with the approval of the science cluster. Prereq. - gpa of 2.5 or higher in at least 8 credits of biology and 4 credits of chemistry plus permission of the science cluster. Repeatable; may be taken 3 times with a limit of 9 credits total from any combination of BIOS 281/282/283.</p>",
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    "code": "BIOS 282",
    "title": "Research in Biology",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>An independent, experimental investigation of an area of biology selected by the students in consultation with and under the guidance of a biology faculty member; both library and laboratory research is required. Offered on demand with the approval of the science cluster. Prereq. - gpa of 2.5 or higher in at least 8 credits of biology and 4 credits of chemistry plus permission of the science cluster. Repeatable; may be taken 3 times with a limit of 9 credits total from any combination of BIOS 281/282/283.</p>",
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    "code": "BIOS 283",
    "title": "Research in Biology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>An independent, experimental investigation of an area of biology selected by the students in consultation with and under the guidance of a biology faculty member; both library and laboratory research is required. Offered on demand with the approval of the science cluster. Prereq. - gpa of 2.5 or higher in at least 8 credits of biology and 4 credits of chemistry plus permission of the science cluster. Repeatable; may be taken 3 times with a limit of 9 credits total from any combination of BIOS 281/282/283.</p>",
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    "code": "BIOS 291",
    "title": "Special Studies in Biological Science",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p><span>Offered on demand.</span></p>",
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    "code": "BIOS 292",
    "title": "Special Studies in Biological Science",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p><span>Offered on demand.</span></p>",
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    "code": "BIOS 293",
    "title": "Special Studies in Biological Science",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>Offered on demand.</span></p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 293",
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    "code": "BIOS 294",
    "title": "Special Studies in Biology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "See Statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand.",
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    "code": "BIOS 301",
    "title": "Biological Science",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 301",
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    "code": "BIOS 401",
    "title": "Human Anatomy & Physiology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 401",
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    "code": "BIOS 402",
    "title": "Children's Natural  Science",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOS 402",
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    "id": "northampton-000426",
    "code": "BIOS 403",
    "title": "Basic Biology - Dental Assistant",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "BIOS 503",
    "title": "Clinical Biology-Dental Asstnts",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-000428",
    "code": "BIOS 504",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-000429",
    "code": "BIOT 101",
    "title": "Intro to Good Manufacturing Prac",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Course is designed to give an overview of biomanufacturing processes and the fundamentals of current Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) in the field of sterile products and aseptic processing. A significant portion of the course will be geared towards understanding the latest US Food and Drug Administration's guidance documents and their applications. The course will also introduce the student to the European version of current GMP. Also available through Online Learning.",
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    "id": "northampton-000430",
    "code": "BIOT 120",
    "title": "Cleanroom Microbiology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Course presents the basic information on cleanroom operations and management. Content will focus on basics of cleanroom design, daily operation and cleaning, understanding how a cleanroom can become contaminated, microbial monitoring, determining the source of contamination, identification of the contaminant, disinfection processes and prevention of recontamination. All techniques will be in accordance with procedures outlined by the International Standards Organization (ISO) and the International Association for Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (ISPST). Pre- or coreq.- BIOT 184 or permission of the instructor.",
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    "id": "northampton-000431",
    "code": "BIOT 175",
    "title": "Introduction to Biomanufacturing",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course presents fundamentals of Biomanufacturing or a type of manufacturing that utilizes biological systems to produce commercially important products. Biomanufactured products range from biopharmaceuticals to industrial enzymes, human tissues and replacement organs, biofuels, &#34;green&#34; chemicals, and the green products replacing those derived from petroleum. Students will be introduced to the different bioprocessing methods including a survey of proteins and vaccines currently produced by biopharmaceutical companies. Content of the course emphasizes complexity of the processing approaches, methods for the effective environmental monitoring and control presented in the context of regulatory compliance. Regulatory environment of the industry Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP&#39;s) and the current thinking of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will be discussed.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOT 175",
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    "id": "northampton-000432",
    "code": "BIOT 184",
    "title": "Introduction to Biotechnology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces the fundamental scientific concepts of biotechnology. The course covers historical development in the field and current applications in the areas of agriculture, medicine, forensics, environment, renewable energy, and chemical industry. The scientific basis of recombinant DNA technology, cell culture, stem cells, cloning, bio-terrorism, vaccines, bioethics, and other current developments are explained. The laboratory component of the course reinforces the scientific inquiry method. Pre- or coreq.- BIOS 107.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOT 184",
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    "id": "northampton-000433",
    "code": "BIOT 185",
    "title": "Biotechnology Techniques",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Concepts and techniques necessary to work effectively in a biotechnology research or manufacturing laboratory. The importance of quality regulations and standards and the role of the technician in producing quality results will be emphasized. Students will gain theoretical and practical knowledge of laboratory instruments as well as basic laboratory techniques. Topics will include maintenance, record keeping, cleaning and calibration of laboratory equipment, preparation of common solutions and reagents, and writing and following procedures. Computer software will be used to generate spreadsheets and data analysis. Applications of bio-separations, cell culture, and fermentation will be introduced. Students will be trained in laboratory safety policies and good laboratory practices (GLP). Prereq. - BIOS 107 and CHEM 120.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOT 185",
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    "id": "northampton-000434",
    "code": "BIOT 188",
    "title": "Biotechnology Internship",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Work experience in the biotechnology/pharmaceutical industry or other related industries. Prereq. - BIOT 185.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOT 188",
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    "id": "northampton-000435",
    "code": "BIOT 190",
    "title": "Industrial Biotechnology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will be introduced to the bio-manufacturing process including a survey of proteins and vaccines which are currently produced by biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. Regulatory environment of the biotechnology industry including standard operating procedures (SOP's) and current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) will be discussed. Cell culture scale-up, high throughput screening, use of robotic equipment will be introduced. Prereq. - BIOT 184 and 185.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BIOT 190",
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    "id": "northampton-000436",
    "code": "BIOT 200",
    "title": "Aseptic Processing",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course presents the basic information on contamination control and technical fundamentals that govern aseptic processing. Content emphasizes complexity of aseptic processing approaches, methods for proper aseptic surface contamination control, environmental monitoring and control presented in a context of regulatory compliance, Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and the current thinking of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This course will not fulfill General Education science elective requirements.",
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    "id": "northampton-000437",
    "code": "BIOT 202",
    "title": "Biotechnology Seminar",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed to do a survey (in seminar format) of current advances in biotechnology, bioinformatics, and the societal implications of biotechnological developments. Students will develop the presentation and discussion skills necessary for a biotechnology career by giving oral presentations on these topics and participating in instructor-facilitated group discussions. The importance of using current journals, scientific meetings, and the internet to stay current in biotechnological topics will be emphasized</p>",
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    "id": "northampton-000438",
    "code": "BIOT 220",
    "title": "General Biotechnology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide a survey of biotechnological applications of molecular and cell biology. Topics include transcription, translation, cell cycle regulation, protein expression, prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems, DNA sequencing and amplification. The laboratory will give the students exposure to recombinant DNA technology such as cloning techniques, restriction digests, DNA isolation and purification, electrophoresis, DNA amplification and analysis protein expression and purification, and immunoassays. This course will concentrate on the molecular principles of biotechnology related to broad range of applications. Its objective is to build skills necessary for successful employment in biopharmaceutical industry or transfer into four year academic institution. Prereq. - BIOT175 and BIOS240.",
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    "id": "northampton-000439",
    "code": "BLCM 103",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-000440",
    "code": "BLCM 401",
    "title": "Contract Specs & Blueprint Rdg",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-000441",
    "code": "BLCM 402",
    "title": "Construc Planning & Scheduling",
    "credits": 3,
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    "id": "northampton-000442",
    "code": "BLCM 403",
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    "code": "BLCM 404",
    "title": "Construction Supervision & Leadership",
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    "code": "BLCM 405",
    "title": "Labor Relations",
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    "code": "BLCM 406",
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    "id": "northampton-000446",
    "code": "BLCM 407",
    "title": "Construction Cost Control",
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    "id": "northampton-000447",
    "code": "BLCM 408",
    "title": "Construction Insurance",
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    "code": "BLCM 409",
    "title": "Financing",
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    "id": "northampton-000449",
    "code": "BLCM 410",
    "title": "Construction Law",
    "credits": 3,
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000450",
    "code": "BUSA 011",
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    "id": "northampton-000451",
    "code": "BUSA 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Business",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 101",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000452",
    "code": "BUSA 102",
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    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000453",
    "code": "BUSA 110",
    "title": "Principles of Exporting & Importing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 110",
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    "id": "northampton-000454",
    "code": "BUSA 114",
    "title": "Manufacturing Cost Control",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "BUSA 115",
    "title": "Intro to International Business",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an introduction course to the environment, concepts and differences involved in international business. Students will be able to identify and explain terms in the global environment, discuss international institutions and legislation, complete projects in the internationalization of functional business operations, and resolve case problems of emerging multinational corporation business practices. Also available through Online Learning. CORE: D.",
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    "title": "General Principles of Insurance",
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    "code": "BUSA 131",
    "title": "Principles of Marketing",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Principles of marketing and analysis of the four variables of the marketing mix: product, price, promotion, and distribution; marketing concepts as related to products and services and businesses and non-profit organizations. Also available through Online Learning.",
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    "title": "Principles of Selling",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "title": "Entrepreneurship",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "title": "Industrial Safety",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 151",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a basic introduction to legal aspects of business including relevant terminology; essential elements of the American legal system, structure and operation of courts, torts and crimes in a business environment, common law of contracts, sales under the Uniform Commercial Code, and ethical considerations in business operations. Also available through Online Learning.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 152",
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    "code": "BUSA 201",
    "title": "Business Statistics I",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "title": "Business Law II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces basic legal concepts and procedures underlying the formation, operation, and dissolution of various forms of business organization, commercial paper, creditor/debtor rights, bailments, employment law, and relevant social legislation. Prereq. - BUSA 152. Also available through Online Learning.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 202",
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    "title": "Management Fundamentals",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 205",
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    "code": "BUSA 211",
    "title": "Personal Finance",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 211",
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    "code": "BUSA 221",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 221",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "prerequisites": [
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      "COMM-101"
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    "code": "BUSA 226",
    "title": "Human Resources Management",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores the management of human resources within the legal and social environment of business and the dynamic role human resources management plays in the implementation of an organization's overall strategy. The functional areas studied include: planning, job analysis, recruitment, selection, training and development, job evaluation, employee rights, compensation and benefits, and other aspects of employee management. Also available through Online Learning. Prereq.- ENGL101.",
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      "ENGL101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 226",
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    "code": "BUSA 231",
    "title": "Production & Inventory Control",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Modern methods of advance planning, machine scheduling, and line loading, non-technical approach. Offered alternate years.",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000470",
    "code": "BUSA 232",
    "title": "Principles of Marketing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Principles of marketing and analysis of the four variables of the marketing mix: product, price, promotion, and distribution; marketing concepts as related to products and services and businesses and non-profit organizations. Also available through Online Learning. Formerly BUSA131. Prereq.- ENGL101.",
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      "ENGL101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 232",
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    "code": "BUSA 235",
    "title": "Principles of Advertising & Public Relations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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      "BUSA232"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000472",
    "code": "BUSA 236",
    "title": "Digital Marketing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>The</span><span> Digital Marketing course introduces students to the key principles and techniques used in digital marketing. Students will </span><span>demonstrate</span><span> their comprehension of developing digital marketing strategies and tactics using various digital marketing tools including</span><span> social media marketing, </span><span>website marketing, search </span><span>engine optimization/marketing, email marketing, mobile marketing, digital </span><span>branding</span><span> and photography</span><span>. Students will further analyze the current trends and analytics using digital tools while exploring the ethical/ legal considerations in developing a Digital Marketing Plan.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 236",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000473",
    "code": "BUSA 251",
    "title": "Business Statistics II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Continuation of BUSA 201 with emphasis on statistical techniques as applied to economic and business decisions. Prereq. û BUSA 201 or MATH 201.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 251",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000474",
    "code": "BUSA 252",
    "title": "Quality Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Principles and methods used in modern quality management; TQM tools and processes, statistical process control, employee problem-solving; quality as a strategic imperative. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 252",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000475",
    "code": "BUSA 260",
    "title": "International Business Practice Firm",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Using an international business model, the students work as team members in a simulated business firm in a state-of-the-art facility; students have the opportunity to perform various business functions (i.e. accounting, human resources, marketing/sales, purchasing/inventory control) as the firm transacts business with students in other simulated companies both in the U.S. and in other countries. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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      "BUSA205",
      "BUSA221G",
      "BUSA232",
      "CISC104"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 260",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000476",
    "code": "BUSA 261",
    "title": "International Bus. Pract. Firm Acct Dept",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Same as BUSA 260 with accounting focus. Prereq. - BUSA 260 and departmental permission.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 261",
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    "id": "northampton-000477",
    "code": "BUSA 263",
    "title": "International Bus. Pract. Firm Mrkt Dept",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Same as BUSA 260 with marketing focus. Prereq. - BUSA 260 and departmental permission.",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000478",
    "code": "BUSA 270",
    "title": "Marketing Simulation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students work as a team in a simulated advertising agency setting to develop a creative Integrated Marketing Communication Program. In creating the program, students apply all aspects of marketing from previous coursework (i.e advertising/PR campaigns, brochure/sell sheet development, website design, sales promotion, personal selling, etc.). Students are involved in creative and critical thinking, decision making, environmental scanning and team activities. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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      "BUSA-205",
      "BUSA-221G",
      "BUSA-235",
      "BUSA-236",
      "CISC-101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 270",
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    "id": "northampton-000479",
    "code": "BUSA 272",
    "title": "Finance/Applied Investment Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>An introduction to the nature of the finance function, to develop a foundation of financial management concepts. This will enable to the student to review and analyze financial statements, the time value of money, financial markets, and institutions, estimate risk and return, calculating the cost of capital, and estimating cash flows on capital budgeting projects. Students will manage a portfolio of debt and equity securities with the goal of providing an above average, risk-adjusted return.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ACCT151",
      "BUSA205",
      "ECON201"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 272",
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    "id": "northampton-000480",
    "code": "BUSA 283",
    "title": "Independent Study in Business",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 283",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000481",
    "code": "BUSA 293",
    "title": "Special Studies in Business AdmOperations Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "See Statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 293",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000482",
    "code": "BUSA 303",
    "title": "Business Math",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 303",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/busa-303.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000483",
    "code": "BUSA 400",
    "title": "Basics of Purchasing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 400",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000484",
    "code": "BUSA 401",
    "title": "Materials Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 401",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000485",
    "code": "BUSA 402",
    "title": "Business Math",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 402",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000486",
    "code": "BUSA 403",
    "title": "Management Fundamentals",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 403",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000487",
    "code": "BUSA 404",
    "title": "Personnel Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 404",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/busa-404",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000488",
    "code": "BUSA 405",
    "title": "Industrial Safety",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 405",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/busa-405",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000489",
    "code": "BUSA 406",
    "title": "Financial Analysis",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 406",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/busa-406",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000490",
    "code": "BUSA 407",
    "title": "Organizational Behavior",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 407",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/busa-407",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/busa-407.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000491",
    "code": "BUSA 408",
    "title": "Management Decisions",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 408",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/busa-408",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/busa-408.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000492",
    "code": "BUSA 410",
    "title": "Purchasing Techniques",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 410",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/busa-410",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/busa-410.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000493",
    "code": "BUSA 411",
    "title": "Purchasing Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 411",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/busa-411",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/busa-411.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000494",
    "code": "BUSA 415",
    "title": "Purchasing Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 415",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/busa-415",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/busa-415.md"
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  {
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    "code": "BUSA 451",
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    "title": "Principles of Advertising",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "BUSA 453",
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    "credits": 3,
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    "code": "BUSA 493",
    "title": "Special Studies in Business Adm",
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    "code": "BUSA 500",
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    "credits": 3,
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    "code": "BUSA 554",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 554",
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    "code": "BUSA 901",
    "title": "Industrial Management I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSA 951",
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    "code": "BUSD 152",
    "title": "Business Law I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/BUSD 152",
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    "code": "BUSD 808",
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    "description": null,
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    "code": "BUSD 809",
    "title": "Accounting for Non-Accountants",
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    "description": null,
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    "code": "CADM 100",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an introduction to drafting procedure, practice, and principles. Basic skills and techniques of drafting including freehand orthographic and pictorial sketching will be covered. Emphasis will be placed on the essentials of lines, lettering, multiview projections, section views, dimensioning, tolerancing and notation in the execution of detail and assembly drawings. An introduction to interpreting mechanical drawings and CAD software usage will be explored.</p>",
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    "code": "CADM 115",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "CADM 117",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces the concepts of interpreting and sketching engineering drawings and specifications. The course will cover multiview projection, dimensioning, section, geometric dimensioning and tolerancing; working drawings, and pictorials. The introduction to electrical, electronic, tooling, welding, piece part, sub-assembly, and assembly drawing are covered. Also available through Online Learning. Formerly ENGG 117.</p>",
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    "code": "CADM 120",
    "title": "Introduction to Measurement and Metrology",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an introduction to quality control and mechanical measurement techniques used in manufacturing environments. The course introduces the concepts, principles, and techniques of measurement using various types of measuring equipment.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CADM 120",
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    "code": "CADM 125",
    "title": "Manufacturing Processes",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Fundamentals of manufacturing; survey of engineering materials, including the properties of each material and phase diagrams; processes for modifying materials; product design and material selection, relationship between conceptual, functional and process design; manufacturing processes; fundamental workings of the process, its capabilities, typical applications, advantages and limitations. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CADM 125",
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    "code": "CADM 130",
    "title": "Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is an introduction to Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&amp;T). The course will instruct how to specify the size, shape, form, orientation, location, and specific tolerances for part features on drawings. It is based on the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Y14.5 technical standards. This course introduces participants to the GD&amp;T system, providing a working knowledge of the interpretation and application of each symbol, general rules, the datum system, tolerancing, and material conditions.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CADM 130",
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    "code": "CADM 205",
    "title": "Computer Aided Design II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is theSecondof three courses that explores the Autodesk AutoCAD software. This course introduces the advanced elements of 2D computer-aided drawing and editing as well as the basic 3D elements of AutoCAD. Concepts of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, symbol libraries, attributes, script files, viewports and utilizing externally referenced files will be covered. 3-D wireframe and solid modeling commands are covered as well as an introduction to 3D modeling techniques. Completion of this course will prepare the student to take the Autodesk AutoCAD User certification test. Formerly ENGG261. Prereq. - CADM115.",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CADM 205",
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    "code": "CADM 210",
    "title": "Computer Aided Design III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This is the third of three courses that explores the Autodesk AutoCAD software. This course covers advanced techniques in 3-D modeling, surface and solid modeling, and visualization. Concepts of menu and toolbar customization, AutoLISP programming language and basic parametric modeling techniques will be covered. Students are exposed to numerous discipline-specific types of drawings and modeling techniques. Completion of this course will prepare the student to take the Autodesk AutoCAD Professional certification test. Formerly ENGG262. Prereq. - CADM205.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CADM205"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CADM 210",
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    "code": "CADM 220",
    "title": "Parametric Modeling-SOLIDWORKS I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces the concepts and techniques of parametric feature-based 3D CAD modeling with the Dassault SOLIDWORKS software. The course will cover basic and intermediate commands and concepts to create, edit, manipulate and plot part and assembly models and drawings. Using digital prototype models of industrial, mechanical and consumer products, the student will perform rendering and analysis of design, animation, and simulation of parts and assemblies as well as interfacing with Digital Manufacturing and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. Completion of this course will prepare the student to take the SOLIDWORKS Certified User (SWCU) certification test. Prereq. - CADM205.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CADM 220",
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    "code": "CADM 230",
    "title": "Parametric Modeling-Inventor I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the concepts and techniques of parametric feature-based 3D CAD modeling with the Autodesk Inventor software. The course will cover basic and intermediate commands and concepts to create, edit, manipulate and plot part and assembly models and drawings. Using digital prototype models of industrial, mechanical, and consumer products, the students will perform rendering and analysis of design, animation and dynamic simulation of parts and assemblies, as well as interfacing with Digital Manufacturing and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. Completion of this course will prepare the student to take the Autodesk Inventor User certification test. Formerly ENGG205. Pre- or coreq. - CADM205.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CADM205"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CADM 230",
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    "code": "CADM 235",
    "title": "Revit Fundamentals",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the concepts and techniques of parametric feature-based Revit 3D modeling software. The course will cover the software's user interface and the basic commands found in the Architectural, Mechanical Electrical Plumbing (MEP) and Structural discipline-specific versions of the software. Although not discipline specific, this course will also familiarize students with the tools required to create, document, manipulate, and print the parametric models. It will demonstrate how to navigate a walk-through of a 3D model using Autodesk Navisworks. Completion of this course will prepare the student with the knowledge to advance to taking a discipline-specific Revit course. Prereq.- CADM100 or ARCH101 or CMGT104.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CADM100",
      "ARCH101",
      "CMGT104"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CADM 235",
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    "id": "northampton-000522",
    "code": "CADM 240",
    "title": "Digital Manufacturing I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is an introduction to digital manufacturing which includes additive, subtractive and formative manufacturing processes as well as rapid prototyping, digital scanning and reverse engineering technology. The digital manufacturing principle will be explained as well as the theory behind each type of digital manufacturing process. The various software, hardware, and equipment utilized in digital manufacturing with be explained as well as hands-on experience with various 3D printers, 3D scanners, 3D digitizers, CNC milling machines, CNC routers and laser cutters/engravers. Prereq. - CADM230. Coreq. - CADM220.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CADM230",
      "CADM220"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CADM 240",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000523",
    "code": "CADM 250",
    "title": "Design Project",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the concepts, challenges and potential solutions to real design projects. Students work individually or in teams to design a product that will utilize manufactured parts or components. Based on design parameters, students will research, develop, design, analyze and document their project while improving their technical writing, reporting, record keeping, drawing and presentation skills. Formerly ENGG 220. Prereq. - CADM220, CADM230, and ENGL151.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CADM220",
      "CADM230",
      "ENGL151"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CADM 250",
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    "id": "northampton-000524",
    "code": "CADM 255",
    "title": "Statics and Strength of Materials",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is an algebra-based introduction for the analytical study of the effects of forces acting on a body at rest. Includes the study of centroids, area moment of inertia, trusses, and frames. Analysis of axial, shear, and torsional stresses and strains in machine and structural elements such as beams, columns, and shafts under static, impact, and dynamic loads are covered. Concepts of thinned-walled cylinders, joints, couplings, shear and moment diagrams, and the design of beams are discussed. Prereq. - PHYS101.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PHYS101"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CADM 255",
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    "id": "northampton-000525",
    "code": "CADM 260",
    "title": "Computer Aided Design Practicum",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Actual work experience in any of a variety of engineering disciplines providing exposure to the methodology of drafting and design technology to its product or service. A report will be presented on key experiences related to new product or process technology, drafting and design technology, or productivity improvement. Emphasis on drafting and design issues, documentation, and communication skills. Each student is required to secure a sponsor for the practicum of 225 hours of field experience. Formerly ENGG268. Prereq. - CADM210, CADM220 or CADM230, ENGL101, and approval of instructor.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CADM210",
      "CADM220",
      "CADM230",
      "ENGL101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CADM 260",
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    "id": "northampton-000526",
    "code": "CASN 101",
    "title": "Intro to the Gaming Industry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an overview of casino management with an emphasis on the analysis of the gaming industry and its trends, a casino's interface with the hotel, organizational structure and terminology. Students will learn the history of gaming, various types of games, daily casino operations, casino marketing and financing, government regulations of gambling and the future development of the industry.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CASN 101",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000527",
    "code": "CASN 120",
    "title": "Casino Industry Regulations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will provide a survey of the laws and regulations related to the gaming industry with specific emphasis on the history and development of Pennsylvania Gaming laws, regulations and compliance requirements of gaming licenses.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CASN 120",
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    "id": "northampton-000528",
    "code": "CASN 130",
    "title": "Casino Gaming Operations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course presents a comprehensive examination into the organizational structure of a casino operation to include slot operations, cage and coin, and accounting. Each department will be studied in relationship to its structure, planning processes, daily operations, budgetary impacts, and management challenges.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CASN 130",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000529",
    "code": "CFAN 200",
    "title": "HERO Field Experience",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is a field experience that will enable the student to gain practical experience assisting Homeland Security Investigations special agents with criminal cases and prosecutions with duties such as imaging and processing digital media; forensic analysis; assisting investigators to identify high-value targets and locate child victims; and preparing detailed reports. Students are required to complete 200 internship hours, and students must secure their own internship position. Restricted to Computer Forensic Analyst: HERO students.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CFAN 200",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cfan-200",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000530",
    "code": "CFAN 210",
    "title": "Computer Forensics Analyst: HEROInternship I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is one of a series of four internship sessions that will enable the student to gain practical experience assisting Homeland Security Investigations special agents with criminal cases and prosecutions with duties such as imaging and processing digital media; forensic analysis; assisting investigators to identify high-value targets and locate child victims; and preparing detailed reports. Students are required to complete three hundred internship hours, and students must secure their own internship position. Restricted to Computer Forensic Analyst: HERO students.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CFAN 210",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cfan-210",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000531",
    "code": "CFAN 220",
    "title": "Computer Forensics Analyst: HEROInternship II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is theSecondof a series of four internship sessions that will enable the student to gain practical experience assisting Homeland Security Investigations special agents with criminal cases and prosecutions with duties such as: imaging and processing digital media, forensic analysis, assisting investigators to identify high-value targets and locate child victims, and preparing detailed reports. Students are required to complete three hundred internship hours, and students must secure their own internship position. Restricted to Computer Forensic Analyst: HERO students. Prereq. - CFAN 210.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CFAN 220",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cfan-220",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cfan-220.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000532",
    "code": "CFAN 230",
    "title": "Computer Forensics Analyst: HEROInternship III",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is the third of a series of four internship sessions that will enable the student to gain practical experience assisting Homeland Security Investigations special agents with criminal cases and prosecutions with duties such as: imaging and processing digital media, forensic analysis, assisting investigators to identify high-value targets and locate child victims, and preparing detailed reports. Students are required to complete three hundred internship hours, and students must secure their own internship position. Restricted to Computer Forensic Analyst: HERO students. Prereq. - CFAN 220.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 104",
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    "code": "CISC 105",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course will introduce Desktop Operating System functions and utilities using operating systems such as Windows, Mac OS, Linux/Unix, and other Operating Systems. Students will compare how the different operating systems handle user interface, file management, memory management, processor management, and network management.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "northampton-000576",
    "code": "CISC 106",
    "title": "Intro to Computing with Alice",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduces the concepts of object-oriented computer programming using Alice, a 3-dimensional programming environment. Designed for students with no programming experience.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 106",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000577",
    "code": "CISC 111",
    "title": "Introduction to the Internet",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Internet-related topics such as the history of the Internet, email and its features, browser basics, browsing Web sites, searching for information, downloading data and program files, using file transfer protocol (FTP) software, and other internet-related topics. Prereq. - navigational and organizational skills in present operating systems, i.e., how to operate a computer, and maintain, find and save files. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 111",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000578",
    "code": "CISC 114",
    "title": "Introduction to Computer Science with Python",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Introduction to computing through the development of algorithms and programs which are implemented in a </span><span>high level</span><span> function/</span><span>object oriented</span><span> language. Topics </span><span>include:</span><span> simple data types, control structures, documentation, basic file manipulation, problem solving techniques, modular </span><span>design, and</span><span> structured data types, and object orientated implementations.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MATH-022"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 114",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000579",
    "code": "CISC 115",
    "title": "Computer Science I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Introduction to computing through the development of algorithms and programs that are implemented in a high-level function/object-oriented language: simple data types, control structures, documentation, basic file manipulation, problem-solving techniques, modular design, structured data types, and object-oriented implementations.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MATH-022"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000580",
    "code": "CISC 115G",
    "title": "Computer Science I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Introduction to computing through the development of algorithms and programs which are implemented in a high level function/object oriented language; simple data types, control structures, documentation, basic file manipulation, problem solving techniques, modular design, structured data types, and object oriented implementations. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101 and high school algebra II with a C or better and appropriate competence in mathematics as determined by the departmental mathematics placement test, or MATH 026 or 028 with a C or better.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 115G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000581",
    "code": "CISC 125",
    "title": "Computer Science II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course is a continuation of CISC 115, which includes stacks, backtracking, simulation, recursion, pointers, linear structures, searching, sorting, merging, elementary algorithm analysis, and abstract base classes.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC-115",
      "MATH-156"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 125",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000582",
    "code": "CISC 128",
    "title": "Client-side Scripting",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course includes basic web site design and front-end web development principles using a variety of tools with a strong emphasis on the use of core scripting languages and latest frameworks currently utilized in the industry. Particular focus is placed on the understanding of the core toolset for client-side scripting with additional focus on most popular plug-in libraries and introductory focus on trending concepts and frameworks. Prereq.- CISC100 or ARTA 240.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC100",
      "ARTA240"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 128",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000583",
    "code": "CISC 130",
    "title": "Fortran Programming",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 130",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000584",
    "code": "CISC 131",
    "title": "Cisco Networking I (CCNA)",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course provides the foundation for work in data communications and local area networks. It introduces the architecture, structure, functions, components, and models (OSI &amp; TCP/IP) of the internet and computer networks. The principles of IP<span> </span></span><span>addressing,</span><span><span> </span>Ethernet concepts, media, and operations are introduced to provide a foundation for the curriculum. By the end of the course, students will be able to build simple LANs, perform basic configurations for major networking devices, and implement IP addressing schemes. This is the first semester of the Cisco Networking Academy Program. Formerly CISC 231)</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 131",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000585",
    "code": "CISC 135",
    "title": "C Programming",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "All aspects of the C programming language; data types, operators, control flow, functions, pointers, arrays, and structures; input and output features, UNIX system interface. Prereq. - Knowledge of programming which includes array manipulation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 135",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000586",
    "code": "CISC 136",
    "title": "PC Support and Troubleshooting",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Students will gain a complete, step-by-step approach for learning the fundamentals of supporting and troubleshooting desktop hardware and software. This course maps fully to CompTIA's latest A+ Exam objectives. (Formerly ELEC130)",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 136",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000587",
    "code": "CISC 137",
    "title": "Introduction to Networking Hardware",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Companion course to CISC136 to give a jump-start to students who already grasp the general concepts of PC repair and troubleshooting, but would like to focus attention on starting toward NET+ certification studies and an introduction to networking hardware components and the OSI model; networking equipment includes NICs, hubs, switches, routers and cabling, along with network topologies and the OSI model. Formerly ELEC131.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 137",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000588",
    "code": "CISC 139",
    "title": "Introduction to Web Development",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This introductory course provides a comprehensive foundation in web development, covering the essential building blocks of the web: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Students will learn how to create and style responsive web pages, add interactivity, and understand the structure of modern websites. Additionally, this course explores the underlying technologies that power the Internet, including servers, browsers, protocols, and hosting. Legal considerations such as accessibility, privacy regulations, and copyright law are also addressed, giving students a well-rounded understanding of both the technical and regulatory aspects of web development. Ideal for beginners, this course prepares students to build functional, legally compliant websites and understand the broader ecosystem in which they operate.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 139",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000589",
    "code": "CISC 140",
    "title": "Computer Programming Fundamental",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Introduction to computer programming using Visual Basic; elementary data types, selection and iterative statements, user-defined functions and procedures, reference and value arguments, arrays, designing the GUI interface using Windows components, input validation, programming events, debugging techniques. Prereq. - CISC 100. To be deleted effective 2006/07. Final offering 2005/06.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 140",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000590",
    "code": "CISC 145",
    "title": "Visual Software Development",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Examination of software design topics including design of GUI interface using Windows components, event-driven programming, multiple document interface, database controls, database access and updating, exception handling, input validation, and debugging techniques. Prereq.- CISC128.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 145",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000591",
    "code": "CISC 150",
    "title": "Object-Oriented Programming with Java",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an introduction to object-oriented programming using modern object oriented programming languages. Basic programming structures such as input, output, decisions and loops, as well as concepts of object-oriented design are covered. Inheritance, polymorphism, data types such as arrays, strings, enumerated types, and graphical user interfaces are also included.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC-115",
      "CISC-128"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 150",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000592",
    "code": "CISC 158",
    "title": "Server-side Scripting",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Server-side scripting covers topics related to the creation of dynamic web pages using interactive scripting languages for web development. Prereq.- CISC128, pre- or coreq - CISC270. Offered fall semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 158",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-158.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000593",
    "code": "CISC 180",
    "title": "Introduction to Network Security",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This is an introductory course in computer and network security intended for networking or computer professionals and students who want to understand general concepts of network and information security. Topics will include the identification of vulnerabilities and mitigation of security risks, learning the basic principles of cryptography, keys and certificates, VPNs and wireless communication, configure group privileges, access control and authentication, implement security baselines, systems updates, intrusion detection, and create and build organizational and operational security programs that include documentation, risk assessment and user education.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC131",
      "CISC137"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 180",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000594",
    "code": "CISC 181",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Cobol Programmg",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 181",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000595",
    "code": "CISC 186",
    "title": "Linux Administration",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an overview of the Linux operating system. Students will gain hands-on experience with installing, configuring and maintaining Linux. This course aligns with the Linux Professional Institute (LPI) Linux Essentials Professionals Development Certificate.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 186",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000596",
    "code": "CISC 201",
    "title": "Advanced Web Technologies",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>In this capstone course in the Web Development program, students will use cutting-edge technologies focused on interactivity, design and web standards. Students will apply knowledge of database design, programming, client-side scripting, and server-side programming to create functional, dynamic and aesthetically pleasing websites. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC139",
      "CISC257"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 201",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000597",
    "code": "CISC 205",
    "title": "Cybersecurity Essentials",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is intended to prepare students for work in the cybersecurity field. Students will explore server operating systems and methods of protecting those systems. In addition, threat and vulnerability management, incident response, security policies, compliance and security tools used to defend organizations will be examined. Prereq.- CISC 180.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC180"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 205",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-205",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000598",
    "code": "CISC 208",
    "title": "Mobile Development",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is a comprehensive overview of developing native mobile apps for a variety of platforms. The focus is on group work from students majoring in a variety of disciplines with the goal of creating real-world products that exemplify the strengths of Communication Design, Web Development and Computer Science students. Prereq.- CISC 257, and 270 or CISC 125. Offered spring semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC257",
      "CISC270",
      "CISC125"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 208",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000599",
    "code": "CISC 225",
    "title": "Computer Organization",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course focuses on computer organization and programming at machine level using assembly language and machine code (low level coding). It will expand knowledge and experience causing the student to become more effective when programming a computer, and understanding how computers and other languages work. It covers the following topics: processor components and organization, addressing techniques, low level data representation, instruction and types and representation, information transfer, control flow, machine and assembly language programming. Prereq. - CISC 125. Offered spring semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC125"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 225",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000600",
    "code": "CISC 226",
    "title": "Microprocessor Software Devlpmnt",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Microcomputer instructions and programming, using assemblers, linkers, loaders, and debuggers; modular programming and segmentation; virtual machines; parallel processing; macro expansion; micro-controller instructions and programming; high level machine architecture. Prereq. - CISC 225 or ELEC 226.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 226",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-226",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000601",
    "code": "CISC 230",
    "title": "Data Structures & Algorithm Anly",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course covers performance analysis and measurement of programs, formal induction proofs, asymptotic notation, algorithm analysis, hashing, binary trees, binary search trees, balanced search trees, graphs, biconnected components, spanning trees, and shortest path algorithms. Prereq. - CISC 125. Offered fall semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC125"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 230",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-230",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000602",
    "code": "CISC 231",
    "title": "Data Communication & LANs CCENT1",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course provides the foundation for work in data communications and local area networks. It introduces the architecture, structure, functions, components, and models (OSI, TCP/IP) of the internet and computer networks. The principles of IP addressing, Ethernet concepts, media, and operations are introduced to provide a foundation for the curriculum. By the end of the course, students will be able to build simple LANs, perform basic configurations for major networking devices, and implement IP addressing schemes. This is the first semester of the Cisco Networking Academy Program. [CCENT1 Cisco Certified Entry Networking Technician I] Offered fall semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 231",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-231",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000603",
    "code": "CISC 235",
    "title": "Operating Systems",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "An introduction to operating system issues and elements; storage management: loading, partitions, segmentation, paging; processor management; process dispatching, multiprogramming, scheduling, interrupts; process management: concurrency, mutual exclusion, synchronization, deadlock, linkage; resources allocation: communication, buffering I/0 routines; file management: file organization, file systems; resource protection: systems accounting, multiprocessing, time sharing, virtual machines, compilers, utilities. Prereq. - CISC 230, CISC 225.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 235",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000604",
    "code": "CISC 251",
    "title": "Network Administration and Maintenance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The installation, maintenance and troubleshooting of the hardware for local area networks presented with an emphasis on the hands-on, practical experiences needed to service enterprise computing systems used in business and industry. Includes installation and maintenance of hardware, networks, wireless systems and user support.(Formerly ELEC251) Prereq. - CISC136",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC136"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 251",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000605",
    "code": "CISC 252",
    "title": "Introduction to DevOps",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Introduction to DevOps</span><span> teaches students the best practices of modern software development practices and DevOps, to understand and learn how to securely use APIs, and how to automate network operations using those APIs.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC114",
      "CISC115",
      "CISC-128"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 252",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000606",
    "code": "CISC 254",
    "title": "Server I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to introduce students to installing and configuring server operating systems. This is an intensive hands-on course where students will learn the skills and knowledge necessary to implement a core Windows Server Infrastructure into an existing enterprise environment. (Formerly ELEC254) Prereq. - CISC136",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC136"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 254",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-254",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000607",
    "code": "CISC 255",
    "title": "Server II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>In this&nbsp;course, students will continue their study of server administration started in CISC254. More advanced topics include understanding cloud terminologies and methodologies, and implementing, maintaining, and delivering secure cloud technologies. Students will also learn how to analyze system requirements to migrate workloads to the cloud, manage and optimize cloud operations, implement security measures to protect cloud environments, troubleshoot deployment, network, and security issues and understand source control, and DevOps tools. Formerly ELEC255.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC105"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 255",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-255",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000608",
    "code": "CISC 257",
    "title": "Server-side Scripting",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Server-side scripting covers topics related to the creation of dynamic web pages using interactive scripting languages for web development. Formerly CISC158.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC128"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 257",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-257",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-257.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000609",
    "code": "CISC 258",
    "title": "Data Structures",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 258",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-258",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-258.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000610",
    "code": "CISC 260",
    "title": "WANs & Optical Networks",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Overview of the wide area networking industry; details of various telecommunications and data networking topics; work with industry standards for switched and fiber optic communications networks. This is the fourth semester of the Cisco Networking Academy Program. Only one of the following: CISC 260 or ELEC 260 may be applied to a degree. Offered for the last time in Fall 2007. Prereq. - CISC 266.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 260",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000611",
    "code": "CISC 262",
    "title": "LAN Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Provides the knowledge and skills required of a successful LAN manager; networks and popular network operating systems; protocols, media selection, network operating system selection, network hardware, network and file system design, managing users and security, network printing, and applications. Prereq. - CISC 231 or permission of instructor.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 262",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000612",
    "code": "CISC 263",
    "title": "Digital Forensics",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course introduces students to the field of digital forensics. Incident response, chain-of-custody and legal aspects of evidence collection will be examined. Topics will include file systems, data acquisition and analysis, and reporting requirements.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC205"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 263",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000613",
    "code": "CISC 265",
    "title": "Windows Server Administration",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>In this&nbsp;course, students will learn to support a hybrid server environment. Topics covered include deploying and managing Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) in on-premises and cloud environments, managing Windows Servers and workloads in a hybrid environment, managing virtual machines and containers, implementing and managing an on-premises and hybrid networking infrastructure and managing storage and file services.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC105"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 265",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000614",
    "code": "CISC 266",
    "title": "Network Design & Analysis",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Advanced course for networking professionals and students who grasp the general concepts of data communications and networking, but would like a more detailed understanding of network design and analysis; methods for analyzing, designing and managing computer networks; analyzing networks utilized in the enterprise environment. This is the third semester of the Cisco Networking Academy Program. Prereq. - CISC 267.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 266",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000615",
    "code": "CISC 267",
    "title": "Cisco Networking II (CCNA)",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<div><p><span><span>This is an advanced course intended for networking professionals and students who already grasp the general concepts of data communications and<span> </span></span><span>networking, but</span><span><span> </span>would like a more detailed understanding of network switching and routing. This course curriculum focuses on switching technologies and router operations that support small-to-medium business networks and includes wireless local area networks (WLANs) and security concepts. Students learn key switching and routing concepts. They will perform basic network configuration and troubleshooting, identify and mitigate LAN switch security threats, and configure &amp; secure a basic WLAN.</span></span><span> </span></p></div><div><p><span> </span></p></div><div><p><span><span>By the end of this course, students will be able to configure and troubleshoot routers, switches, and WLAN access points and controllers; configure static and floating static routes; configure virtual LANs and inter-VLAN routing in both IPv4 and IPv6 networks; and become familiar with the following protocols: STP, PAGP, LACP, DHCP, HSRP, ARP, and RIP.</span></span><span> </span><span> </span></p></div>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC131"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 267",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000616",
    "code": "CISC 268",
    "title": "Java Servlets",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Use of the Java programming language for world wide web server-side programming including Servlet classes and interfaces, thread safety, cookies, and state and session management. Prereq. - CISC 128 and 150. To be deleted effective 2006/07. Final offering 2005/06.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 268",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000617",
    "code": "CISC 270",
    "title": "Database Systems",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the concepts of database systems. Topics include the definition, creation, and maintenance of database systems, logical models of data organization such as hierarchical, network, and relational, database integrity and security, effects of redundancy, specification and design of query functions, data entry and retrieval, and query languages. Prereq. - CISC100 or CISC115.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC100",
      "CISC115"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 270",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000618",
    "code": "CISC 271",
    "title": "Cisco Networking III (CCNA)",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This is an advanced course intended for networking professionals and students who already grasp the general concepts of data communications and networking. This course describes the architecture, components, and operations of routers mid-sized and more complex<span> </span></span><span>network</span><span>. Students learn how to configure and troubleshoot routers and switches and resolve common issues with OSPF, ACLs, STP, QOS, and basic virtualization and automation using SDN, APIs, and REST in both IPv4 and IPv6 networks. Students will develop the knowledge and skills needed to implement DHCP, NAT, and DNS operations as well WAN technologies,<span> </span></span><span>IPSec</span><span><span> </span>and virtual private network (VPN) operations in a complex network. There is a strong emphasis on network design, configuration, and troubleshooting. This is the final course in the CCNA certification studies.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC267"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 271",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000619",
    "code": "CISC 272",
    "title": "Building Scalable Internetworks(CCNP-Route)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to scaling IP addresses using VLSM, NAT and PAT. It focuses on advanced concepts and implementation if RIPv2, ISIS, multi-area OSPF, SLA management, IPV6 and BGP. Additional topics include router filtering, path control, Policy Based Routing (PBR) and route distribution. [CCNP-Route Cisco Certified Network Professional-Route] Prereq.- CISC 271. Offered spring semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC271"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 272",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-272.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000620",
    "code": "CISC 275",
    "title": "Spreadsheet Applications",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Use of microcomputers and electronic spreadsheets as data management and analysis tools; spreadsheet commands, formatting and reporting using spreadsheets, file operations, functions, graphing, macros and database management; applications from topics such as projection and forecasting, financial analysis, marketing and operations analysis. Prereq. - previous spreadsheet experience in academic or business environment, including spreadsheet creation using formulas, absolute and relative replication.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 275",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-275.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000621",
    "code": "CISC 277",
    "title": "Computer & Information Science Practicum",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Work-based experience in an approved organization with focused exposure in cybersecurity, system administration, networking, or web development activities depending on degree specialty selected. Written field experience report required.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 277",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000622",
    "code": "CISC 278",
    "title": "Web Server Administration",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "A comprehensive overview of the tools and techniques needed for installation, configuration and administration of different kinds of Web Server including Microsoft Windows 2000 Server, Red Hat Linux, Internet Information Services (IIS), Apache Web Server, Microsoft SQL Server, etc. Prereq.- CISC 100 or 105.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC100",
      "CISC105"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 278",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000623",
    "code": "CISC 280",
    "title": "Law & Ethics-Computer Security",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Computer security is a highly technical arena, and one that is highly charged with ethical issues. This course will explore the ethical considerations of the computer security with emphasis on both the perpetrator and of the high standards expected of the computer security practitioner. Among other topics, ti will examine the topics of Professional Codes of Ethics, whistle blowing, and \"ethical hacking.\" Prereq. - CISC100 or CISC115.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC100",
      "CISC115"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 280",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000624",
    "code": "CISC 280G",
    "title": "Cyberethics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Computer security is a technical arena, and one that is highly charged with ethical issues. This course will explore the ethical considerations of computer security with an emphasis on both the perpetrator and the high standards expected of the computer security practicioner. Among other topics it will examine are Professional Code of Ethics, case law related to technology, whistle blowing, intellectual property, privacy and &#34;ethical hacking&#34;.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 280G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000625",
    "code": "CISC 282",
    "title": "Cybersecurity Administration",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Students will explore advanced cybersecurity and information assurance concepts from a management perspective. Topics include access control, security models and architecture, security operations, policies and procedures, business continuity planning and disaster recovery. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC180"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 282",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-282",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-282.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000626",
    "code": "CISC 284",
    "title": "Ethical Hacking",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course emphasizes ethical hacking concepts and practices. Students will study common hacking software, intelligence gathering and techniques for exploiting system vulnerabilities. Hands-on labs will be employed to apply theory to practical scenarios. Students will also study exam objectives for the Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) certification exam.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC205"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 284",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-284",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-284.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000627",
    "code": "CISC 286",
    "title": "Linux Administration",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course is an overview of the Linux operating system. Students will gain hands-on experience with installing, configuring and maintaining Linux. This course aligns with the Linux Professional Institute (LPI) Linux Essentials Professional Development Certificate. Formerly CISC186. Prereq. - CISC105.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC105"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 286",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-286",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-286.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000628",
    "code": "CISC 288",
    "title": "E-Commerce",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Examines the needs and develops the software for an e-commerce (business to consumer) web site; builds on previous courses to provide a capstone experience; three-tier object model, product catalog, shopping cart, checkout, order processing and secure communications. Pre- or coreq.- CISC 268; Prereq. - CISC 158. To be deleted effective 2006/07. Final offering 2005/06.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 288",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-288",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-288.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000629",
    "code": "CISC 291",
    "title": "Spcl Studies-Comptr & Info Sci",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "See Statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 291",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-291",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-291.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000630",
    "code": "CISC 293",
    "title": "Spcl Studies-Comptr & Info Sci",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "See Statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 293",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-293",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-293.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000631",
    "code": "CISC 294",
    "title": "Spcl Studies-Comptr & Info Sci",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "See Statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 294",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-294",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-294.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000632",
    "code": "CISC 297",
    "title": "Spc Stds - CISC - Compiling",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 297",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-297",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-297.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000633",
    "code": "CISC 298",
    "title": "Spcl Studies - Computer/Info Sci Progrm Languages & Translators",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 298",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-298",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-298.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000634",
    "code": "CISC 451",
    "title": "D P Systems & Procedures",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 451",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-451",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-451.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000635",
    "code": "CISC 454",
    "title": "Fundamentals of COBOL Programmg",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 454",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-454",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-454.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000636",
    "code": "CISC 493",
    "title": "Spcl Studies-Comptr & Info Sci",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 493",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-493",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-493.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000637",
    "code": "CISC 501",
    "title": "Data Base Systems",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 501",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-501",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-501.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000638",
    "code": "CISC 505",
    "title": "Advanced Cobol Programming",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 505",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-505",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-505.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000639",
    "code": "CISC 506",
    "title": "RPG Programming",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 506",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-506",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-506.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000640",
    "code": "CISC 510",
    "title": "Data Processing Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CISC 510",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cisc-510",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000641",
    "code": "CJST 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Criminal Justice",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is an introduction to the field of criminal justice through the examination of historical data, statistical information, theories of crime causation, social control of behavior, development of laws, and evaluation of criminal justice system policies, procedures, and trends. Students learn the terminology of the field, and gain an awareness of the methods of inquiry utilized in the field.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CJST 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cjst-101",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000642",
    "code": "CJST 111",
    "title": "American Legal System",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Analysis of the interrelationships between prosecutors, defense attorneys, the courts, police, grand and petit juries, and correctional systems; how the U.S. system of justice is intended to function and how it operates; social and political effects of legal system.</span></span> Restricted to Criminal Justice and Legal Studies majors.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CJST101",
      "PARL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CJST 111",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000643",
    "code": "CJST 115",
    "title": "Criminal Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course presents the principles and doctrines embodied in criminal law: substantive crimes, justification, complicity and liability, causation, inchoate crimes.</span></span> Restricted to Criminal Justice and Legal Studies majors.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CJST101",
      "PARL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CJST 115",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cjst-115",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000644",
    "code": "CJST 121",
    "title": "Criminology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Theories explaining criminal behavior; nature, causes, extent and distribution of crime, and criminal conduct. Restricted to Criminal Justice students. Prereq. - CJST 101. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CJST 121",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cjst-121",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000645",
    "code": "CJST 121G",
    "title": "Criminology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>The purpose of this course is to provide students with an understanding of the discipline of criminology through an examination of its theories, basic assumptions and definitions with focus on criminal behavior, and the nature, causes, extent and distribution of crime, and their policy implications. Prereq. - CJST101 and ENGL101. Also available through Online Learning. Core: CT, IL, WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CJST101",
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CJST 121G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cjst-121g",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000646",
    "code": "CJST 125",
    "title": "Corrections & Rehabilitation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The focus of this course is to provide a survey and analysis of the American correctional system and its processes from both a historical and contemporary perspective. Restricted to Criminal Justice majors. Prereq. - CJST 101. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CJST 125",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cjst-125",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cjst-125.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000647",
    "code": "CJST 131",
    "title": "Juvenile Justice",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>The American juvenile justice system, its components and functions are examined, focusing on juvenile crime, applicable law and procedures, and theories of delinquency. In addition to examining the evolution and transformation of the juvenile justice systems, students will gain an understanding of the current issues in juvenile justice in the United States and around the world.</span></span> Restricted to Criminal Justice and Legal Studies majors.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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      "PARL101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CJST 131",
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    "id": "northampton-000648",
    "code": "CJST 135",
    "title": "Law Enforcement & Invest. Tech.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an intensive study of the law enforcement system at the Federal, State, and local levels. Special emphasis will be on police organization and management, police functions, job stress, liability, and sociological and psychological implications. Principles and methods of investigations will also be examined including collection and preservation of evidence, impartial gathering of evidence, interrogation techniques, and the handling of informants. Restricted to Criminal Justice majors and Computer Forensics Analyst: HERO majors. Prereq. - CJST 101. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CJST101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CJST 135",
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    "id": "northampton-000649",
    "code": "CJST 140",
    "title": "Organized Crime",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Intensive study of organized criminal behavior exploring the history, structure and social impact of various types of criminal organizations; major organized crime family operations in the modern era, juvenile gangs, and outlaw motorcycle clubs. Prereq. û CJST 101.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CJST 140",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000650",
    "code": "CJST 145",
    "title": "Criminal Justice Ethics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The focus of this course is to provide students with an overview of prominent ethical issues facing professionals in criminology and criminal justice, with an emphasis on encouraging individual students to explore their own ethical and moral systems and how they make ethical/moral decisions. Restricted to Criminal Justice majors and Computer Forensics Analyst: HERO majors. Prereq. - CJST101. Also available through Online Learning.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CJST 145",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000651",
    "code": "CJST 150",
    "title": "Contemp Issues Criminal Justice",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Relevant and critical issues relating to crime and criminal justice; emphasis on, but not limited to, patterns of violence, organized crime, terrorism, diversity and any other event which emerges as a criminal justice crisis. Restricted to Criminal Justice students. Prereq. - CJST 101. Also available through Online Learning.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CJST 150",
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    "id": "northampton-000652",
    "code": "CJST 225",
    "title": "Corrections and Rehabilitation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The focus of this course is to provide a survey and analysis of the American correctional system and its processes from both a historical and contemporary perspective. Restricted to Criminal Justice majors. Formerly CJST125. Prereq. - CJST101.",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CJST 225",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000653",
    "code": "CJST 245",
    "title": "Criminal Justice Ethics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>The focus of this course is to provide students with an overview of prominent ethical issues facing professionals in criminology and criminal justice, with an emphasis on encouraging individual students to explore their own ethical and moral systems and how they make ethical/moral decisions.</span></span> Restricted to Criminal Justice and Legal Studies majors.</p><p></p><p>(Formerly CJST 145)</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CJST101",
      "PARL-101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CJST 245",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000654",
    "code": "CJST 250",
    "title": "Contemp Issues Criminal Justice",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will critically examine controversial issues relating to crime and criminal justice. Emphasis will be placed on topics surrounding crime and justice in America including but not limited to victims of crime, law enforcement, prosecution, the judicial system, punishment and corrections, and the juvenile system. Restricted to Criminal Justice majors. Prereq. - CJST101. Coreq. - CJST225. Core: CT and D. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CJST101",
      "CJST225"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CJST 250",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000655",
    "code": "CMGT 100",
    "title": "Building Construction Trades Technical Skills",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides a basic overview and awareness of the building construction trades for both commercial and residential buildings. Students will learn basic terminology associates with the building trades while acquiring hands-on technical skills experience. Awareness of the various building trades and the interrelationship of their respective completed operations will be discussed. Workplace safety will be stressed throughout the course with regulatory awareness and discussion.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMGT 100",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000656",
    "code": "CMGT 101",
    "title": "Intro to Construction Codes",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will provide a study of the interpretation of technical building specifications, codes, and contract documents as they affect the selection, and application of materials and equipment. An emphasis will be placed on understanding local and state codes. Offered fall semester only.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMGT 101",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000657",
    "code": "CMGT 102",
    "title": "Construction Methods & Materials",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the students to steel, concrete and composite material buildings found in construction projects. There is discussion of building materials along with various systems of construction. Awareness of building codes on material application and an overview of sustainable design as applied to construction material and methods is explored. Exposure to the latest construction techniques as it relates to environmental and health concerns if offered to provide material and method cost effectiveness to construction projects while accommodating regulatory and ethical safety requirements. Offered spring semester only.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMGT 102",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000658",
    "code": "CMGT 103",
    "title": "Construction Safety & Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides the fundamental safety and health principles needed for an occupationally safe and healthy work environment while offering a practical application of theories and principles related to the construction industry. Students will gain awareness of OSHA's regulatory standards, safety and health strategies along with appropriate management techniques. Offered spring semester only.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMGT 103",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000659",
    "code": "CMGT 104",
    "title": "Construction Print Reading",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course serves as an introduction to building materials and systems and their representation in construction drawings. Included is an introduction of building design and construction with a focus on terminology, industry standards, and the roles of the contractor, architect and other parties involved in construction projects. Emphasis is placed on interpretations of contract drawings, terminology, symbols and conventions used in residential, commercial and industrial drawings. Offered fall semester only.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMGT 104",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000660",
    "code": "CMGT 105",
    "title": "Project Mgmt and Administration",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will provide students with the knowledge and understanding of the management function in the construction industry. Topics include the project cycle, company and project organization, financial and budgeting considerations, documentation, monitoring, cost control, etc. Emphasis is placed on the responsibilities of the managers and their relationship to the owner, architect, general contractor and subcontractors including other agents involved in a construction project. Pre- or coreq.- CManagement 104. Offered fall semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CMGT104"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMGT 105",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000661",
    "code": "CMGT 106",
    "title": "Construct Planning & Scheduling",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores the concepts and techniques for construction planning, scheduling and control systems necessary for effectively managing a construction project. Emphasis will be placed on the skills and knowledge necessary to plan and schedule a project. Coordination of manpower, materials, equipment, project funding, and cash flow are all concerns that must be monitored and controlled. Efficiency and use of the computers to facilitate the planning and scheduling process is integrated throughout the class. Pre- or coreq.- CManagement 104. Offered fall semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CMGT-104"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMGT 106",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000662",
    "code": "CMGT 201",
    "title": "Construction Estimating",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course emphasizes the fundamental of producing construction estimates and bids. Information discussed includes procedures to project material and labor costs. Interpreting construction drawings and specifications to estimate project expenses will be practiced throughout the course. Estimating skills and the integration of computers will be introduced and developed as a comprehensive approach to the estimating and bidding process. Prereq.- CManagement 106. Offered spring semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CMGT106"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMGT 201",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000663",
    "code": "CMGT 202",
    "title": "Construct Supervision/Leadershp",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will provide the opportunity to discuss and evaluate essential leadership and supervisory skills. Understanding and applying leadership behaviors, as well as basic management skills will expand a construction manager's knowledge and abilities. Students will learn how management problems influence efficiency, productivity and employee morale. Pre- or coreq.- CManagement 201. Offered spring semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CMGT-201"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMGT 202",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000664",
    "code": "CMGT 203",
    "title": "Construction Management Practicum",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This capstone course will provide the opportunity to integrate theory and practice with the reality of on-the-job experience. Based on the worksite hosting organization, the student intern will have opportunity to work in the areas of print reading, estimating, equipment management, project supervision, or other management related activities and tasks. All students are required to secure a sponsor for the practicum of 150 hours of field experience. Prereq.- CMGT 201.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CMGT201"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMGT 203",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000665",
    "code": "CMTH 102",
    "title": "Introduction to Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the basic principles of communication theory and practice, including speech preparation and delivery, and the effective use of critical thinking and listening in relation to intrapersonal, interpersonal, intercultural, and group communication. Also available through Online Learning. Approved for the Honors Program.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 102",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000666",
    "code": "CMTH 103",
    "title": "Mass Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the cultural, social, legal, business, career and theoretical aspects of media. Provides an overview of mass media functions, structures, supports and influences. Restricted to Media Production (formerly Radio/TV) students. Pre- or coreq. - ENGL 101.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 103",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000667",
    "code": "CMTH 104",
    "title": "Mass Media and Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores the interaction between society and the mass media and their allied industries, and the historic, economic, legal, and technological influences that have shaped them. Pre- or coreq.- ENGL101.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 104",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-104",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-104.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000668",
    "code": "CMTH 105",
    "title": "Public Speaking",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn advanced speech writing strategies through research, organization, and the delivery of speeches with a public setting. Emphasis is placed on audience analysis, managing anxiety, and use of visual resources and information technology. Prereq. - CMTH 102.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 105",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-105.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000669",
    "code": "CMTH 110",
    "title": "Introduction to the Theatre",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Communicative nature of the theatre, historical perspective, modern trends, basic theories of playwriting, acting, directing, theatre spaces, and theatrical designs; reading plays, production preparation, attending NCC Theatre productions, and a field trip to see a professional production. Core: AH.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 110",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-110.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000670",
    "code": "CMTH 111",
    "title": "Acting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Exploring the acting process, emphasis is on basic acting lessons, development of acting potential and discipline, gaining strength as a truthful actor on one&#39;s own and in rehearsal. Core AH.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 111",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-111",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000671",
    "code": "CMTH 115",
    "title": "Technical Theatre and Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This class is an introduction to the principles of design and technology for the stage and provides foundation for further study of the individual aspects of theatrical design. It includes theatre production, research methods for stage design, and technical skills. Topics stressed include principles and elements of design, collaborative problem solving processes, the importance of research and organization, visual and oral presentations and critical evaluations of productions. Core: AH.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 115",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-115",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-115.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000672",
    "code": "CMTH 117",
    "title": "Stagecraft",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This class teaches the non-performance side of theatre with an emphasis on theatrical scenic construction, stage electrics and production skills. It includes preparation for, and execution of, major college productions and college events as well as working with the production staff. Restricted to Theatre and Media Production (formerly Radio/TV) Majors. Core: AH.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 117",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-117",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-117.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000673",
    "code": "CMTH 120",
    "title": "Audio Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers operation of audio recording hardware and software. Students develop skills and production techniques used in recording studios and radio stations. Pre- or coreq. - ENGL 101.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 120",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-120",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-120.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000674",
    "code": "CMTH 122",
    "title": "Radio Workshop",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Students acquire on-air experience and audio production skills as they produce features and programs that air on WNCC, a web-based streaming radio station. May be taken three (3) times for credit.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 122",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-122",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-122.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000675",
    "code": "CMTH 123",
    "title": "Filmmaking",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 123",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-123.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000676",
    "code": "CMTH 125",
    "title": "Scriptwriting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 125",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-125.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000677",
    "code": "CMTH 125G",
    "title": "Scriptwriting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 125G",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000678",
    "code": "CMTH 126",
    "title": "The Communication Arts",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>An aesthetic approach to understanding the media, emphasizing critical thinking and the ability to speak and write about technologically mediated arts. Restricted to Media Production (formerly Radio/TV), Theatre, Journalism, and Communication Studies students. Pre- or coreq. - ENGL 101. Core: AH, D.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 126",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-126.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000679",
    "code": "CMTH 130",
    "title": "Digital Music Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers topics in music computing including sound synthesis, MIDI sequencing, music theory and notation and emerging technologies in music. Students will use computers to create, edit and record music. Previous music or keyboard skills are helpful but not required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 130",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-130.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000680",
    "code": "CMTH 145",
    "title": "Performing for Media",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, students will learn refined presentation skills the essentials of applying performance in a recorded environment. While identifying the particular challengs of each medium, students will work in pairs and larger groups to produce recorded content. We will examine and adventure into the realm of expressive possibility, using the body, mind and voice. Grounded in the principles of communication and clarity, units of study will include voice acting, interview and commercial skills, and acting for the camera.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 145",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000681",
    "code": "CMTH 150",
    "title": "Commercial Photography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides theoretical and hands-on training in the use of photography for commercial applications. Areas of instruction include use of DSLRs, strobes and backgrounds for commercial portraits to display small products on white, to display food and beverage, and to showcase appaRelations with the use of models. Additional training will be provided in photo retouching, post processing and software image enhancement.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 150",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-150.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000682",
    "code": "CMTH 170",
    "title": "Television Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Classroom and laboratory experience in the operation of a modern television studio including operation of television cameras, switcher, control room equipment, lighting, and audio for television plus experience scripting, producing, and directing &#39;live-on-tape&#39; studio productions. Restricted to Media Production (formerly Radio/TV), Theatre and Journalism students. Prereq. - CMTH 120; Pre- or coreq. - ENGL 101. Additional course fees: $50.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CMTH120",
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 170",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000683",
    "code": "CMTH 180",
    "title": "Multimedia Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides theoretical and hand-on training in the various tools and techniques used in multimedia production for business, education, advertising and entertainment. Areas of instruction include digital photography, multimedia editing, and DVD creation. Additional course fees: $50.00.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "northampton-000684",
    "code": "CMTH 182",
    "title": "Multimedia Graphics & Animation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides theoretical and hands-on training in the various tools and techniques used in the creation of graphics, motion graphics and animation. For use in media production and multimedia presentations. Areas of instruction include Photoshop and After Effects. Additional course fees: $50.00.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 182",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000685",
    "code": "CMTH 185",
    "title": "Multimedia Video",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides theoretical and hands-on training in the use of video for digital content creation. Areas of instruction include use of media to display product, promote brand, increase sales and create targeted digital media campaigns for social media and other outlets.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 185",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000686",
    "code": "CMTH 189",
    "title": "Stage Voice and Movement",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Study and practice in natural voice work, movement as destination, and physical commitment to character intentions. May be taken two times for credit. Prereq. - CMTH 111. Core: AH.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 189",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000687",
    "code": "CMTH 190",
    "title": "Stage Production",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Study and practice in stage production work relating to design, construction, implementation and organization in the area of scenery, lighting, sound, properties, costumes and stage management. Course may be taken two times for credit. Pre- or coreq.- CMTH 115. Core: AH.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 190",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000688",
    "code": "CMTH 205",
    "title": "Public Speaking",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn advanced speech writing strategies through research, organization, and the delivery of speeches within a public setting. Emphasis is placed on audience analysis, managing anxiety, and use of visual resources and information technology. Formerly CMTH105. Prereq. - CMTH102.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 205",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000689",
    "code": "CMTH 206",
    "title": "Directing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the history and practice of directing - concepts, theories and application. Students will learn key ideas, practice elements such as blocking, stage pictures, and director&#39;s concepts and, by the end of the semester, fully direct and produce a 10 minute play on stage. Prereq. - CMTH110 or CMTH111. Core: AH.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 206",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000690",
    "code": "CMTH 211G",
    "title": "Plays: Classical to Contemporary",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces students to the analysis of plays as literary text that shapes both performance and an understanding of culture and the human experience. Plays from classical Greece to contemporary Theatre of Diversity will be covered along with the comments of playwrights, directors, actors and critics. Students will analyze drama from psychological, historical, philosophical, structural and dramatic perspectives. Students may not receive credit for both CMTH 211G and ENGL 211G. Prereq.- ENGL 151. Core: AH, D, WI.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 211G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000691",
    "code": "CMTH 212",
    "title": "Acting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Continuing to explore the acting process through scene study, audition preparation, comedy adaptations, psychological gesture work, and animal improvisations. Prereq. - CMTH 111. Core: AH.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 212",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000692",
    "code": "CMTH 214",
    "title": "Interpersonal Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course students explore the theories, concepts, and processes of interpersonal communication and the process of relational development in a variety of contexts including personal and professional relationships. Prereq.- CMTH 102. Also available through Online Learning.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 214",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000693",
    "code": "CMTH 215",
    "title": "Intercultural Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Exploration of the theories, concepts, and themes that examine the influence of culture on the communication process; students explore a wide array of cultures and increase their cultural sensitivity and intercultural communication competence. This course has a service-learning option. Approved for the Honors Program. Prereq. - CMTH 102. Also available through Online Learning. CORE: D",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 215",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000694",
    "code": "CMTH 218",
    "title": "Theatre Portfolio",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course is tailored for theatre majors. Students will prepare transfer and internship applications, showcase and audition packages, and create a resume and professional headshot. They will perform a showcase piece as a required part of the course. Prereq. - CMTH111. Core: AH.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 218",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000695",
    "code": "CMTH 220",
    "title": "Introduction to Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the technical and artistic elements of filmmaking. Students will gain an enhanced understanding of the early history of film, film genres and genre conventions, narrative structure, and cinematic techniques including: mise-en-scene, cinematography, editing, and sound. Presentation of weekly film and/or film clips. Prereq. - Reading and writing competency as determined for ENGL101. Core: AH. Also available through Online Learning. Approved for the Honors Program.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 220",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000696",
    "code": "CMTH 221",
    "title": "American Media History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is a study of the development of American broadcast media institutions, from radio's earliest beginnings to the complex media structure of today.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101",
      "CMTH-103"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 221",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000697",
    "code": "CMTH 225G",
    "title": "Scriptwriting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Writing and analysis of television and radio continuity, ad campaigns and commercial, newswriting, documentary and non-fiction, scripting and the study of screenplays and TV drama. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101. Core: WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 225G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000698",
    "code": "CMTH 230G",
    "title": "Intro to Communication Theory",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>An introduction to the nature of theory, approaches to research, and types of oral communication theories. This course develops skills in researching and analyzing communication phenomena. Prereq. - CMTH102, 214 and ENGL101. Core: WI. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 230G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000699",
    "code": "CMTH 231",
    "title": "Small Group Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course is an introduction to the foundation, roles, and leadership associated with communication in small groups. The course develops skills in effective participation, conflict management, and presentation within a small group setting.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 231",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000700",
    "code": "CMTH 235",
    "title": "Understand Culture through Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course critically examines how films create a window into a culture and society, and how to understand films as cultural texts that help us better understand cultural differences. Pre-req.- CMTH 102 and ENGL 101. Core: AH, D.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 235",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000701",
    "code": "CMTH 240",
    "title": "Portable Video Techniques",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Designed to give students an in-depth understanding of portable video techniques; professional ENG and EFP shooting, lighting and audio techniques, plus editing techniques necessary to complete news and information segments. Prereq. - CMTH 170. Additional course fees: $50.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CMTH170"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 240",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000702",
    "code": "CMTH 245",
    "title": "Audio Recording & Mixdown",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides theoretical and hands-on training in multi-track digital audio production and mixing techniques. Students will gain knowledge about session recording, signal routing, and work actively with a professional digital audio workstation in a recording studio environment. Prereq. - CMTH 120. Additional course fees: $50.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CMTH120"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 245",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000703",
    "code": "CMTH 246",
    "title": "Advanced Audio Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>The course provides advanced theoretical and hands-on training in multi-track digital audio production, location sound, audio for video, and advanced mixing techniques. Students will gain knowledge about advanced Pro Tools operation and expand upon the core concepts introduced in CMTH 245, Audio Recording and Mixdown. Restricted to Media Production (formerly Radio/TV) students. Prereq. - CMTH 245. Additional course fees: $50.00</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CMTH245"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 246",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000704",
    "code": "CMTH 251",
    "title": "Advanced Television Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Practical application of the various media production techniques previously learned culminating in the production of television shows suitable for broadcast on local stations. Emphasis is on the ability to oversee all phases of production and to function as an effective producer. Restricted to Media Production (formerly Radio/TV), Theatre and Journalism students. Prereq. - CMTH 170. Additional course fees: $50.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CMTH170"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 251",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000705",
    "code": "CMTH 252",
    "title": "Video Editing & Post Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Theoretical and hands-on training in editing and the various video techniques used in post production; non-linear editing and post production, computer graphics, compositing and animation. Prereq. - CMTH 240. Additional course fees: $50.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CMTH240"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 252",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000706",
    "code": "CMTH 275",
    "title": "Media Production Internship",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Work experience in a radio or television station, with media production companies or media divisions of business and industry. Restricted to Media Production (formerly Radio/TV), Theatre and Journalism students. Prereq. - CMTH 120, 170 and at least one course from the list of Media Electives.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CMTH103",
      "CMTH126",
      "CMTH170",
      "CMTH225G"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 275",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000707",
    "code": "CMTH 288",
    "title": "Gender Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course explores the relationship between gender and communication. The course uses biological, social </span><span>scientific,</span><span> and critical theories to understand human interaction in family, personal relationships, education, organizations, and media. Culture and gender his/</span><span>herstory</span><span> </span><span>are explored</span><span> to understand the dynamic interplay between communication and gender. </span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CMTH 288",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cmth-288.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000708",
    "code": "COLS 101",
    "title": "College Success",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces new students to the college environment with a focus on learning and adopting the academic skills and mindsets needed to be successful in college. Academic and professional exploration, goal setting, and planning help guide students through the first semester and connect them to the First Year Experience programs. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COLS 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cols-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cols-101.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000709",
    "code": "COLS 120",
    "title": "Career Planning I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Students will explore their interests, abilities, values and personality through personal narrative, testing, and career research to formulate a career direction. Pre- or co-req. - Reading competency as determined for ENGL101.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COLS 120",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cols-120",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cols-120.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000710",
    "code": "COLS 150",
    "title": "Skills for Academic Success",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides students with the skills essential to succeeding in the college setting. Focus will be on understanding the role of a college student and the application of academic success strategies. The course will build a foundational level of self-management, critical thinking, study skills and growth mindset.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COLS 150",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000711",
    "code": "COMM 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course covers the basic principles of communication theory and practice, including speech preparation and delivery, and the effective use of critical thinking and listening in relation to intrapersonal, interpersonal, intercultural, group</span><span>, and mediated</span><span> </span><span>communication.</span></span><span><span> Also available through Online Learning. Approved for the Honors Program. Formerly CMTH 102</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COMM 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/comm-101",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000712",
    "code": "COMM 104",
    "title": "Media and Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course explores the history, purpose, function, and impact of media on society. The course examines the relationship between mediated communication processes and both the individual and society, and their influence on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. The interrelationship between social, economic, political, and cultural change and media outlets are explored. Formerly CMTH 104</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COMM 104",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/comm-104",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/comm-104.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000713",
    "code": "COMM 205",
    "title": "Public Speaking",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students learn advanced speech writing strategies through research, organization, and the delivery of speeches within a public setting. Emphasis is placed on audience analysis, managing anxiety, and use of visual resources and information technology.</span><span> Formerly CMTH205</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "COMM101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COMM 205",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/comm-205.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000714",
    "code": "COMM 214",
    "title": "Interpersonal Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>In this course students explore the theories, concepts, and processes of interpersonal communication and the process of relational development in a variety of contexts including personal and professional relationships.</span><span> Formerly CMTH 214</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "COMM101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COMM 214",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000715",
    "code": "COMM 215",
    "title": "Intercultural Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>An exploration of the theories, concepts, and themes that examine the influence of culture on the communication process. Students will explore a wide array of cultures and increase their cultural sensitivity and intercultural communication competence.</span><span> Also available through Online Learning. Formerly CMTH215</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "COMM101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COMM 215",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/comm-215.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000716",
    "code": "COMM 220",
    "title": "Introduction to Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course introduces the technical and artistic elements of filmmaking. Students will gain an enhanced understanding of the early history of film, film genres and genre conventions, narrative structure, and cinematic techniques </span><span>including:</span><span> mise-</span><span>en</span><span>-scene, cinematography, editing, and sound. Course </span></span><span><span> </span></span><br /><span><span>will also include the presentation of weekly </span><span>film</span><span> and/or film clips.</span><span> Formerly CMTH220</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COMM 220",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000717",
    "code": "COMM 230",
    "title": "Introduction to Communication Theory",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course is an introduction to the nature of theory, approaches to research, and types of oral communication theories.</span><span> The course develops skills in researching and analyzing communication phenomena.</span><span> Formerly CMTH 230G</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COMM 230",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/comm-230",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/comm-230.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000718",
    "code": "COMM 230G",
    "title": "Introduction to Communication Theory",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course is an introduction to the nature of theory, approaches to research, and types of oral communication theories.</span><span> The course develops skills in researching and analyzing communication phenomena.</span><span> Formerly CMTH 230G</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "COMM101",
      "COMM214",
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COMM 230G",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/comm-230g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000719",
    "code": "COMM 231",
    "title": "Small Group Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course is an introduction to the foundation, roles, and leadership associated with communication in small groups. </span><span>The course develops skills in effective participation, conflict management, and presentation within a small group setting. Formerly CMTH 231 </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "COMM101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COMM 231",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000720",
    "code": "COMM 235",
    "title": "Understanding Culture Through Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course c</span><span>ritically examines how films create a window into a culture and society, and </span><span>how to understand</span><span> films as cultural texts that help us better understand cultural differences.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "COMM101",
      "ENGL101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COMM 235",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000721",
    "code": "COMM 288",
    "title": "Gender Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course explores the relationship between gender and communication. The course uses biological, social scientific, and critical theories to understand human interaction in family, personal relationships, education, organizations, and media. Culture and gender his/herstory are explored to understand the dynamic interplay between communication and gender.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "COMM101",
      "ENGL-101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COMM 288",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000722",
    "code": "COUN 001",
    "title": "Career Guidance",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 001",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000723",
    "code": "COUN 011",
    "title": "Group Encounter",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 011",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000724",
    "code": "COUN 092",
    "title": "Special Studies in Counseling:",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to assist students in attaining college readiness skills. Students will strengthen foundational skills in reading, writing and math, and learn strategies for studying, completing assignments, and time management. Students will connect to essential college services. Required for students who place into ENGL 025, Writing Skills I and READ 016, Fundamentals of Reading.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 092",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000725",
    "code": "COUN 100",
    "title": "Interpers & Group Dynamics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Theory and application of group and personal processes; leadership, conformity, attraction/rejection, cohesion, trust, motivation and conflict resolution. Lecture and human relations lab experiences. Offered on demand.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 100",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/coun-100.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000726",
    "code": "COUN 101",
    "title": "College Success 101",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Designed to increase student success in college by assisting students to obtain the knowledge and skills necessary to reach their educational goals; focus on college and student expectations, development of appropriate study skills, and academic, career, and personal goal setting.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 101",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000727",
    "code": "COUN 120",
    "title": "Career Planning I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Students will explore their interests, abilities, values, and personality through personal narratives, testing, and career research to formulate a career direction.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 120",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000728",
    "code": "COUN 130",
    "title": "Career Planning II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Students will identify a career focus and will learn to utilize effective job search strategies including networking, social media, resumes, cover letters and interviewing techniques.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 130",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000729",
    "code": "COUN 150",
    "title": "College Seminar: Appl Skills",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Provide students with the skills essential to succeeding in the college setting. Focus will be on understanding the role of a college student and the application of academic success strategies. The course will build a foundational level of information literacy and critical thinking skills.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 150",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000730",
    "code": "COUN 200",
    "title": "Dynamics of Self",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 200",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/coun-200.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000731",
    "code": "COUN 293",
    "title": "Special Studies in Counseling",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "See Statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 293",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/coun-293.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000732",
    "code": "COUN 400",
    "title": "Career Development",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 400",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/coun-400.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000733",
    "code": "COUN 405",
    "title": "Career Planning I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 405",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/coun-405.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000734",
    "code": "COUN 413",
    "title": "Inter & Grp Dynamics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 413",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/coun-413.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000735",
    "code": "COUN 415",
    "title": "Career Planning II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 415",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/coun-415",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/coun-415.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000736",
    "code": "COUN 483",
    "title": "Special TopicsAmer Families in Transition",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/COUN 483",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/coun-483.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000737",
    "code": "CRFT 140",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Beer, Wine and Spirits",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course will provide the foundational knowledge of Beer, Wine, and Spirits in the growing global hospitality industry. This course provides an overview of the origins, production, sales, and responsible service of wines, spirits and beers. Topics include styles, service techniques, product knowledge, sensory analysis and beverage tasting. Sensory analysis is a significant part of the course and anyone under 21 years of age can only use sight and smell analysis. Formerly FOOD140</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CRFT 140",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/crft-140.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000738",
    "code": "CRFT 150",
    "title": "Beverage Data Analytics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the analytics behind the beverage industry. In this course, students will examine the major topics of analytic tools, collection and identification of data, statistical methods for analyzing data, making managerial decisions, interpreting financial information, and evaluating marketing approaches. Must be at least 18 years old to register for the class.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CRFT 150",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/crft-150.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000739",
    "code": "CRFT 160",
    "title": "Craft Fermentation Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the fermentation process for producing beer, wine, and spirits. Must be at least 18 years old to register for the class.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CRFT 160",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/crft-160.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000740",
    "code": "CRFT 170",
    "title": "Craft Beverage Sales and Distribution",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course covers the sales and distribution of craft beverages. Multiple distribution, marketing channels, and data analytics are introduced to the student through a creative approach of brand development. Must be at least 18 years old to register for the class. </span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CRFT 170",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/crft-170",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/crft-170.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000741",
    "code": "CRFT 180",
    "title": "Craft Beverage Operations and Process Management",
    "credits": 1.5,
    "hours": 1.5,
    "description": "<p>This course covers operational safety with equipment, following OSHA guidelines, HAZMAT, proper space flow, and standard operating procedures to promote sanitation and safety for employees and customers within the craft beverage industry. Must be at least 18 years old to register for the class. Prerequisite: CRFT 140</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CRFT140"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CRFT 180",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/crft-180",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/crft-180.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000742",
    "code": "CRFT 250",
    "title": "Craft Practicum",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>This course is a supervised learning experience with an approved craft beverage facility. The practicum allows the student to develop and mature through exposure to, and practical experience with, a variety of tasks under guidance of trained, established leaders in the field. In addition, the practicum sites will afford the students the opportunity to observe and experience firsthand many different aspects of their chosen field. Minimum of 150 hours. Must be at least 18 years old to register for the class. Prerequisites: CRFT 140, CRFT 160, CRFT 170</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CRFT140",
      "CRFT-160",
      "CRFT-170"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CRFT 250",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/crft-250.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000743",
    "code": "CULA 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Culinary Arts",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Foodservice sanitation and food safety, food chemistry and nutrition; a certificate for sanitation and a certificate for nutrition will be awarded. Restricted to Culinary students. Prereq. - eligibility for ENGL 101.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-101.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000744",
    "code": "CULA 102",
    "title": "Food Safety and Sanitation",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Causes and reduction of food borne illness, the HACCP system, proper sanitation methods, integrated pest management and government regulations. Restricted to Culinary Arts, Restaurant Management and Dining Room Operation students only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 102",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-102",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-102.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000745",
    "code": "CULA 103",
    "title": "Nutrition",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Fundamentals of nutrition, lifespan and special need nutrition, nutrition and health, marketing nutrition in food service. Restricted to Culinary students. Coreq. - CULA 102; Prereq. - eligibility for ENGL 101.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 103",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-103",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-103.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000746",
    "code": "CULA 104",
    "title": "Kitchen Foundations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces students to the Foodservice Industry and provides students with an overview of the culinary field, career options, and requirements for success. Students study food safety and sanitation practices which culminates in taking the ServSafe Manager&#39;s Certification. Additional topics covered include: culinary terminology, cooking techniques, foodservice trends, time management in the modern kitchen, standardized recipes and basic measurements and conversions. Restricted to Culinary Arts majors.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 104",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-104",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000747",
    "code": "CULA 105",
    "title": "Product Identification and Costing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed to give the students a detailed examination of products and equipment used in the food service industry. Students will learn the importance of purchasing, handling of food products, food costs, recipe measurements and recipe costing. The course reviews details of the flow of goods and services including inventory, forecasting, purchase specifications, product yield, purchasing, receiving, storing, inventory control, and issuing of food and beverage. Restricted to Culinary Students. Prereq. - CULA104.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 105",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-105",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000748",
    "code": "CULA 110",
    "title": "Introduction to Baking and Pastry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces students to the fundamentals of baking and pastry and provides students an overview of the field, its career opportunities, and requirements for success. Students learn about common terms, techniques, professional equipment, and time management of the modern kitchen and bakery and apply kitchen math essentials. Restricted to Culinary students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CULA104"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 110",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000749",
    "code": "CULA 112",
    "title": "Culinary Skill Development",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This foundational course presents the basic principles of food preparation for the food service industry building upon culinary fundamentals. Topics covered include mise en place, knife skills, stocks, sauces, soups, vegetables, potatoes, pasta, grains, legumes, and breakfast egg cookery. Students will practice reading and writing of recipe cards, food and kitchen safety and sanitation. Students will participate in lecture and practical hands-on lab instruction. Sanitary practices and compliance with laws and ordinances of the Department of Health are enforced. Restricted to Culinary Arts Students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CULA110"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 112",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000750",
    "code": "CULA 115",
    "title": "Protein Fabrication and Utilization",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students will engage in hands on application of fabricating a variety of meat, poultry, fish and shellfish items and the utilization of the proper cooking techniques for each protein. Students will practice and sample some of the products for texture and flavor. Students will study meat grading methods, purchasing, proper storage of product, and calculate a butcher&#39;s yield and food cost of each product. Sanitary practices and compliance with laws and ordinances of the Department of Health are enforced. Restricted to Culinary Students. Prereq. - CULA112.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 115",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-115",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000751",
    "code": "CULA 118",
    "title": "Advanced Culinary Skills",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This courses builds upon the techniques learned in the CULA 112 course. The students engage in hands on application of fabricating a variety of proteins and the utilization of the proper cooking techniques for each while practicing proper kitchen procedures and sanitation. Through understanding flavor profiles, student compose complete dishes. Restricted to Culinary students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CULA112"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 118",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-118",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000752",
    "code": "CULA 120",
    "title": "Skill Development I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A chef's guide to the art of cooking beginning with the basic cutting, chopping, mincing and progressively building in complexity; concentration on techniques of cooking and cooking methods; lecture and hands-on class participation dealing with stocks, soups, sauces, roasting, broiling, grilling, sauteing, pan frying, deep frying, braising, stewing, boiling, poaching, vegetable cookery, starch cookery, basic entrees, and meal combination. Restricted to Culinary students. Prereq. - CULA 115.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 120",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-120",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000753",
    "code": "CULA 123",
    "title": "Menu Planning and Food and Beverage Cost Control",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>The course provides students with knowledge in menu planning, design, and cost control elements in the food and beverage industry. Emphasis on creating balanced menus that are profitable, consumer driven, and nutritionally proportioned. Students will learn methods for establishing menu selection, cost control in food, beverage and labor, profit margins, selling price strategy. Truth in menu regulations and menu engineering as a marketing and merchandizing tool will also be addressed.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 123",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000754",
    "code": "CULA 125",
    "title": "Pantry",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A chef's guide to cold food preparation; lecture and hands-on class participation dealing with raw and cooked salads, gelatin, cold soups, marinades, cold sauces, and dressings. Prereq. CULA 120.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 125",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-125",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000755",
    "code": "CULA 128",
    "title": "Garde Manger and Charcuterie",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The fine art of specialty food handling including, pates, galantines, ballotines, and sausages; brines, cures and smoking; all phases of meat, poultry, and fish smoking and curing; buffet-style food presentation, food decoration, vegetable carving, platter presentation, and edible and non-edible centerpieces including ice carving. Prereq. û CULA 125.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 128",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-128",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000756",
    "code": "CULA 130",
    "title": "Basic Entrees and Vegetables",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is a study of the fundamental principles of food preparation to include skills associated with the preparation and service of international and ethnic cuisines. Topics include similarities between food production mechanisms used in the United States and other regions of the world. Restricted to Culinary students. Core: D (for Culinary program only).",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 130",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-130",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000757",
    "code": "CULA 135",
    "title": "American Regional Cuisine",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course presents the principles of traditional dishes of various cuisines and related terminology throughout the United States. This class builds upon the basics and utilizes advanced techniques to proceed into the culinary traditions and practices of the different regions in our country. Ingredients, flavor profiles, preparations, and techniques of each region will be analyzed. Students will have the opportunity to prepare, taste, and present dishes from each regional cuisine. Sanitary practices and compliance with laws and ordinances of the Department of Health are enforced. Restricted to Culinary Arts students. Prereq. - CULA115.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 135",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-135",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000758",
    "code": "CULA 137",
    "title": "Culinary Operations",
    "credits": 12,
    "hours": 12,
    "description": "<p>This course will focus on the non-traditional foodservice opportunities available outside of a la carte restaurant service. Students will participate in on-site catering and banquet menu planning and cookery through development of buffets, brunches, and special events. Students will be introduced to the concepts of food trucks and retail sales. Restricted to Culinary majors.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CULA230"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 137",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000759",
    "code": "CULA 145",
    "title": "Restaurant Operations",
    "credits": 12,
    "hours": 12,
    "description": "<p>This course presents the principles of restaurant operations as it relates to both the front and back of the house environments. In this hands-on course students execute full menu production as well as service skills and have direct guest interaction. Dietary needs, allergies, nutritional cooking, and specialty menus are covered in this class. Restricted to Culinary students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CULA123",
      "CULA137"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 145",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000760",
    "code": "CULA 150",
    "title": "Restaurant Operations II",
    "credits": 15,
    "hours": 15,
    "description": "Students rotate through the kitchen stations and are responsible for all the menu items for that station; the pace of this course will be higher; the menu items will be more demanding and more emphasis will be put on speed and accuracy; this is a true functioning restaurant operation and the students will learn how a restaurant operates in industry. Restricted to Culinary students. Prereq. - CULA 145. Additional course fees: $115.00.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 150",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000761",
    "code": "CULA 155",
    "title": "Continued Stds in Culinary Arts",
    "credits": 7,
    "hours": 7,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 155",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-155.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000762",
    "code": "CULA 170",
    "title": "Skill Development II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "A chef's guide to pantry, garde manger, charcuterie and egg cookery; basic applications of the fine art of specialty food handling including pates, galantines, ballotines and sausages; brines, cures and smoking; all phases of meat, poultry and fish smoking and curing; buffet style food presentation, food decoration, vegetable carving, platter presentation and edible and non-edible centerpieces; basic cold food preparation including salads, salad dressings, cold sauces, and egg handling and preparation. Restricted to Culinary students. Prereq. - CULA 120.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 170",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-170",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-170.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000763",
    "code": "CULA 198",
    "title": "Special Studies in Culinary Arts",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 198",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-198.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000764",
    "code": "CULA 225",
    "title": "Global Cuisines - Americas and Asia",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course presents the principles of traditional dishes in South American, United States, and Asian cuisines. Ingrediants, flavor profiles, preparations, and techniques of each cuisine are analyzed. Students will have the opportunity to prepare, taste, evaluate, and present dishes from a variety of regions. Restricted to Culinary Arts majors.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CULA118"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 225",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000765",
    "code": "CULA 230",
    "title": "Global Cuisines",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course presents the principles of traditional dishes of cuisines around Europe, South America, United States, and Asia. Ingredients, flavor profiles, preparations, techniques and cultural traditions for each region are analyzed. Students will have the opportunity to prepare, taste, evaluate, and present dishes from a variety of countries. Restricted to Culinary Arts majors.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CULA118"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 230",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-230.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000766",
    "code": "CULA 237",
    "title": "Culinary Operations",
    "credits": 12,
    "hours": 12,
    "description": "<p>This course will focus on lunch restaurant operations, menu planning and cost control, and the non-traditional foodservice opportunities. Students will participate in a la carte service, on-site catering and banquet menu planning and cookery through development of buffets, brunches, and special events with a focus on American regional cuisine. Students will be introduced to the concepts of food trucks and retail sales. Restricted to Culinary majors.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CULA118"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 237",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-237.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000767",
    "code": "CULA 245G",
    "title": "Culinary Arts Management Practicum",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students will be required to complete 225 hours of practical hands-on learning at an approved on-site internship or off-site externship. Students are required to rotate through a variety of stations and to reinforce their learned lecture and lab skills. While completing the intern/externship students must submit required documentation and evaluations of their experiences. Students are required to maintain NCC culinary standards while representing the program at their host site. Restricted to Culinary Arts majors.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CULA-145",
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 245G",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-245g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000768",
    "code": "CULA 250",
    "title": "Advanced Culinary and Restaurant Operations",
    "credits": 12,
    "hours": 12,
    "description": "<p>This course is the advanced catering/restaurant skills and operations class with an emphasis on modern day culinary and plating techniques. This course presents the various cuisines and techniques of the world&#39;s most prominent chefs. The different chef&#39;s style, substance and quality will be explored and students gain insight into the history and evolution of cuisine as an art form and attain inspiration for future study. Dietary needs, allergies and specialty menus will also be covered in this class. Operations in this class will include breakfast and lunch production for a variety of areas, including: banquet service, retail service, and catering and restaurant a la carte menu service. Students will rotate through various stations, including the front of the house, retail market, and student run restaurant. Sanitary practices and compliance with laws and ordinances of the Department of Health are enforced. Restricted to Culinary Arts students. Prereq. - CULA230.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 250",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-250",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-250.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000769",
    "code": "CULA 255",
    "title": "Restaurant Operations",
    "credits": 12,
    "hours": 12,
    "description": "<p>In this hands-on course, students will gain practical experience in full-menu production and restaurant service operations at Hampton Winds. Emphasis is placed on accommodating dietary needs, allergies, and nutritional cooking while exploring specialty menus. The course also introduces the principles of traditional dishes from around the world, focusing on ingredients, flavor profiles, preparation methods, and culinary techniques. Students will apply their skills by planning and executing a special event as a culminating experience. Restricted to Culinary majors.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CULA237"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 255",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-255.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000770",
    "code": "CULA 275",
    "title": "Capstone - Plating and Fine Dining",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course builds upon basic culinary techniques while introducing an array of unique ingredients, culinary plating methods and presentation styles. In this hands-on lab students prepare a wide variety of dishes using modern tools, technology and techniques that are used by today&#39;s chefs, in addition to exploring their different flavor profiles. Restricted to Culinary Arts majors.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CULA137",
      "CULA123"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/CULA 275",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-275",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/cula-275.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000771",
    "code": "DANC 101",
    "title": "Dance History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the cultural foundations, innovators, dancers, and choreographers who shaped the development of dance. The exploration of dance as an expression of cultural values throughout history will be examined. The course also surveys the purposes, functions, and manifestations of diversity in dance forms both as an artistic expression of cultural values and social contexts throughout history. CORE: AH, D.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DANC 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000772",
    "code": "DANC 110",
    "title": "Ballet I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Ballet I introduces the student to the principles of history and the theoretical aesthetic of ballet dance. The course will include active participation to build a technical foundation of movement through barre, center work, and across-the-floor exercises. Core: AH.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DANC 110",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-110",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-110.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000773",
    "code": "DANC 120",
    "title": "Modern Dance I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces the student to the principles of modern dance techniques. The course will include active participation in center work, movement across the floor, and proper alignment. Core: AH.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DANC 120",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-120",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-120.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000774",
    "code": "DANC 130",
    "title": "Jazz I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed to introduce the student to the principles of Jazz dance techniques. Instruction will include flexibility and other physiological benefits. The course will include active participation in center work, movement across the floor, and proper alignment. It will emphasize performance through both improvisation and structured choreography. Incorporated in this course is the study of Jazz dance history. Core: AH.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DANC 130",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-130",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-130.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000775",
    "code": "DANC 202",
    "title": "Dance Improvisation",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to introduce students to the exploration of movement through structured movement exercises. Students will experience basic movement concepts, and build upon their personal creative expression. This course will build upon their ideas, aesthetics, proper body awareness and movement vocabulary. Student will emerge with a stronger sense of movement concepts, which will be the basis for the creation of choreography and to develop new movement.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DANC 202",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-202",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-202.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000776",
    "code": "DANC 210",
    "title": "Ballet II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Ballet II provides the student with continued development and practice of the foundation and technique established in Ballet I. This course includes more training in introductory methods, as well as experience in advanced training at the barre, centre, traveling exercises and variations. This course includes practice in performance fundamentals and critique. A student may take this course up to two times for credit. To fulfill the Arts and Humanities requirement, students must have a total of three (3) credits. Core: AH.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DANC110"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DANC 210",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-210",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-210.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000777",
    "code": "DANC 220",
    "title": "Modern Dance II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>This course provides the student with continued development and practice to the principles of modern dance techniques. The course will include active participation in center work, movement across the floor, and proper alignment. Intermediate and advanced principles in diverse styles will be explored. A student may take this course two times for credit. To fulfill the Arts and Humanities requirement, students must have a total of three (3) credits. Core: AH.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DANC120"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DANC 220",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-220",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-220.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000778",
    "code": "DANC 230",
    "title": "Jazz II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed to provide the student with continued development and practice of the theory and technical training introduced in Jazz I. Longer movement combinations and more detailed spatial designs will be implemented. Instruction will include flexibility and other physiological benefits as well as provide an opportunity for creative work. The course will also introduce the fundamentals of Jazz Dance performance critique. A student may take this course two times for credit. To fulfill the Arts &amp; Humanities requirement, students must have a total of 3 credits. Prereq.- DANC 130 or approval of instructor. Core: AH.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DANC130"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DANC 230",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-230",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/danc-230.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000779",
    "code": "DATS 101",
    "title": "Principles of Data Science",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>In this course, students will examine the epicycle or the data science life cycle and how it impacts the business process. Emphasis will be given to the development of research questions, the identification and collection of data, the retrieval, cleaning, and manipulation of data and the process for identifying appropriate statistical methods for analyzing the data.<span> </span></span></span><span><span> </span></span><br /> </p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DATS 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dats-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dats-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000780",
    "code": "DATS 201",
    "title": "Data Visualization",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course introduces students to essential design principles and methodologies for interactively visualizing data, understanding how visual representations are used in the analysis and interpretation of complex data, and acquiring data visualization skills for designing effective graphical representations.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DATS101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DATS 201",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dats-201",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dats-201.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000781",
    "code": "DATS 250",
    "title": "Data Science Capstone",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span>The Data Science Capstone course aims at providing students with an opportunity to integrate and apply the algorithms, methods, and tools they have learned throughout the program to solve a real-world data analysis problem that have an interdisciplinary nature. Students will conduct a project that involves the analysis of data while applying the main aspects of the data science life cycle using appropriate statistical methods for analysis. Students may work in collaboration with a local company or<span> </span></span><span>organization</span><span><span> </span>or they can create a project based on data already collected. The students will submit a consolidated report and give a presentation at the conclusion of the project. The course serves as a final preparation for students entering the profession of data science</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DATS201",
      "MATH-207"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DATS 250",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dats-250",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dats-250.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000782",
    "code": "DENH 103",
    "title": "Pre-Clinical Preventive Oral Health Services",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students begin to work toward achieving client assessment and instrumentation competencies. Restricted to Dental students. This course is graded Pass/Fail. Coreq. - DENH 104; Pre- or coreq. - DENH 105 and 106, both wth C or better. Additional course fees: $622.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH105",
      "DENH106",
      "DENH104"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 103",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-103",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-103.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000783",
    "code": "DENH 104",
    "title": "Foundations of Preventive Oral Health Services",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Infection control procedures, client assessment skills, dental disease prevention, dental materials and instrumentation techniques. Restricted to Dental students. Coreq. - DENH 103; Pre- or coreq. - DENH 105 and 106, both with C or better.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH105",
      "DENH106",
      "DENH103"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 104",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-104",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-104.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000784",
    "code": "DENH 105",
    "title": "Oral Histology",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Integration of embryological concepts with the development of the face, neck, oral structures and teeth; correlation of the histological development of the enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum and periodontal ligament with clinical dental considerations and case histories. Restricted to Dental students. Coreq. - DENH 106; Pre- or coreq.- BIOS 160.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS160",
      "DENH106"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 105",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-105",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-105.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000785",
    "code": "DENH 106",
    "title": "Oral Anatomy",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>The differences among the permanent and primary dentitions by comparison of crown and root morphology, eruption patterns and occlusion; detailed head and neck anatomy including osteology, muscles, nerve innervation, and blood supply; client cases to correlate theories with clinical dental hygiene therapy. Restricted to Dental students. Coreq.- DENH 105.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH105"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 106",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-106",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-106.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000786",
    "code": "DENH 107",
    "title": "Intro Prev Oral Health Services",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Infection control procedures, client assessment skills, dental disease prevention, dental materials and instrumentation techniques; students begin to work toward achieving client assessment and instrumentation competencies. Pre- or Coreq. - DENH 105 and 106",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 107",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-107",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-107.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000787",
    "code": "DENH 109",
    "title": "Oral Radiology Laboratory",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Application of the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to competently expose and process diagnostically acceptable radiographs and to identify radiographic landmarks and radiographic evidence of dental disease processes. Students must demonstrate competent radiographic techniques on mannequins prior to performing supervised client exposures. Restricted to Dental students. This course is graded Pass/Fail. Formerly DENX 106. Prereq. - DENH 110 with C or better. Additional course fees: $20.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH110"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 109",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-109",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-109.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000788",
    "code": "DENH 110",
    "title": "Oral Radiology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Theories and principles of exposing, processing, mounting, and interpreting dental radiographs; anatomical landmarks and radiographic abnormalities; emphasis on radiation safety principles for both client and operator. Formerly DENX 505, DENX 110. Restricted to Dental students. Pre- or coreq.- DENH 105 and 106, both with C or better.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH105",
      "DENH106"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 110",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-110",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-110.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000789",
    "code": "DENH 111",
    "title": "Oral Anatomy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 111",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-111",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000790",
    "code": "DENH 145",
    "title": "Nutrition - Dntl Hlth Care Prvdr",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Application of principles of basic nutrition to everyday life with an emphasis on the relationship between nutrition and health and disease; emphasis on the role nutrition plans in oral health; student skills to enable them to recognize nutritionally related dental disease and to provide dietary counseling for the prevention of further progression of the disease. Restricted to Dental students. Prereq. - CHEM 135.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 145",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-145",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-145.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000791",
    "code": "DENH 150",
    "title": "Clinical Preventive Oral Health Services I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation of dental hygiene therapies for the client with gingivitis and early periodontal disease; continued development of competency in client assessments and instrumentation. Restricted to Dental students. This course is graded Pass/Fail. Prereq. - DENH 103, 104, 106, all with C or better and CPR certification; Coreq.- DENH 109, 152, and 153. Additional course fees: $65.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH103",
      "DENH104",
      "DENH106",
      "DENH109",
      "DENH152",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 150",
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  {
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    "code": "DENH 151",
    "title": "Preventive Oral Health Svces I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 151",
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    "code": "DENH 152",
    "title": "Preventive Oral Health Services I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Foundational knowledge and skills for instrument sharpening, preventing gingivitis and dental caries; non-surgical periodontal therapies; recognizing and managing medical emergencies in the dental office; ethical issues affecting the practice of dental hygiene and dentistry. Restricted to Dental students. Prereq. - DENH 103 and 104, both with C or better and Coreq. - DENH 150 and 153.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH103",
      "DENH104",
      "DENH150",
      "DENH153"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 152",
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  {
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    "code": "DENH 153",
    "title": "Periodontology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>The role of periodontal pathogens in relation to systemic diseases and the initiation and progression of gingival and periodontal diseases as they relate to: clinical signs, radiographic signs, microbiologic activity, risk factors, host immune response and pathogenesis and inflammatory response; dental hygiene therapies for gingivitis and early periodontitis. Restricted to Dental students. Prereq. - DENH 103 and 104, both with C or better; Coreq. - DENH 150 and 152.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH103",
      "DENH104",
      "DENH150",
      "DENH152"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 153",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-153",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-153.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000795",
    "code": "DENH 154",
    "title": "Oral Health Care for Medically Complex Clients and Clients with Speical Needs",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Develop skills to competently assess, treatment plan and manage clients who present medically complex health histories and/or special needs. Restricted to Dental students. Prereq. - DENH 103 and 104, both with C or better; Coreq. - DENH 150, 152 and 155.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH103",
      "DENH104",
      "DENH150",
      "DENH152",
      "DENH155"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 154",
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  {
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    "code": "DENH 155",
    "title": "General and Oral Pathology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>General principles of pathology; the specific etiology and treatment of oral manifestations of local and systemic pathological conditions; emphasis on the histological, clinical, and radiographical appearance of pathological conditions of the oral cavity; application to client assessment during clinical dental hygiene. Restricted to Dental students. Prereq. - DENH 105 and DENH 106, both with C or better.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH105",
      "DENH106"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 155",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-155",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-155.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000797",
    "code": "DENH 202",
    "title": "Nutrition",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 202",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-202",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-202.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000798",
    "code": "DENH 205",
    "title": "Nutrition for the Dental Health Care Provider",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Application of principles of basic nutrition to everyday life with an emphasis on the relationship between nutrition and health and disease; emphasis on the role nutrition plans in oral health; student skills to enable them to recognize nutritionally related dental disease and to provide dietary counseling for the prevention of further progression of the disease. Formerly DENH 145. Restricted to Dental students. Prereq. - CHEM 135.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CHEM135"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 205",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-205",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-205.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000799",
    "code": "DENH 206",
    "title": "Local Anesthesia",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Study of the anatomical, pharmacological and emergency considerations associated with the administration of local anesthesia in dentistry. Lab experiences prepare dental hygiene students to administer effective and safe infiltration and conduction anesthesia. Restricted to Dental students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH-150",
      "DENH-152",
      "DENH-212"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 206",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-206",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-206.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000800",
    "code": "DENH 207",
    "title": "Dental Public Health",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 207",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-207",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-207.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000801",
    "code": "DENH 210",
    "title": "Clinical Preventive Oral Health Services II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Continued development of competency in clinical dental hygience; emphasis on the assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation of dental hygiene therapies for the client with early-moderate chronic periodontal disease; introduction of new skills: impression taking, study models, ultrasonic scaling, tobacco cessation, tooth whitening and intraoral camera imaging. Restricted to Dental students. This course is graded Pass/Fail. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH-109",
      "DENH-152",
      "DENH-153",
      "DENH-155",
      "DENH-206",
      "DENH-212",
      "DENH-211"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 210",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-210",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-210.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000802",
    "code": "DENH 211",
    "title": "Preventive Oral Health Services II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Foundational knowledge and skills for impression taking, study models, tooth whitening, intraoral camera imaging, ultrasonic scaling, tobacco cessation counseling; legal and progessional issues affecting the practice of dental hygiene and dentistry; reading the dental literature. Restricted to Dental students. Prereq. - DENH 152 and 153, both with C or better; Coreq. - DENH 210.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH152",
      "DENH153",
      "DENH210"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 211",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000803",
    "code": "DENH 212",
    "title": "Pharmacology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>A study of properties, actions, reactions, and dosages of drugs. Special emphasis will be placed on drug therapy common to the practice of dental hygiene. Restricted to Dental students. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH-150",
      "DENH-206"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 212",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-212.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000804",
    "code": "DENH 215",
    "title": "Dental Materials",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 215",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-215.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000805",
    "code": "DENH 220",
    "title": "Community Dental Health I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Fundamentals of dental public health and oral epidemiology; introduction to school-based programs, dental health education and teaching methodologies; geriatric dentistry; students are required to participate in community-based dentral health activities. Restricted to Dental students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 220",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-220",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-220.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000806",
    "code": "DENH 227",
    "title": "Dental Health Education",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 227",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-227.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000807",
    "code": "DENH 240",
    "title": "Community Dental Health II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Biostatistics, dental epidemiology and the role of government and dental hygienists in community dental health; application of fundamentals of scientific research methodology and biostatistics to the assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation of a community based dental education program; students continue to participate in community based dental health programs as outlined in DENH 220. Restricted to Dental students. Prereq. - DENH 220 with C or better.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH220"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 240",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-240",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-240.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000808",
    "code": "DENH 250",
    "title": "Clinical Preventive Oral Health Services III",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Continued practice toward entry-level competency in clinical dental hygiene for a variety of clients; emphasis on providing comprehensive dental hygiene care for periodontally involved clients. Restricted to Dental students. This course is graded Pass/Fail. Prereq. - DENH 205, 210, 211, all with C or better. Additional course fees: $30.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH205",
      "DENH210",
      "DENH211"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 250",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-250",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-250.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000809",
    "code": "DENH 251",
    "title": "Preventive Oral Health Services III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation of therapies indicated for moderate to advanced periodontal disease; dental implants; amalgam finishing and polishing; ergonomics; lasers; discussion of professional issues and responsibilities of the dental hygienist. Restricted to Dental students. Prereq. - DENH 211 and Coreq. - DENH 250 with C or better.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH211",
      "DENH250"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 251",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-251",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-251.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000810",
    "code": "DENH 251G",
    "title": "Preventive Oral Health Services III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p><span>Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation of therapies indicated for moderate to advanced periodontal disease; dental implants; amalgam finishing and polishing; ergonomics; lasers; discussion of professional issues and responsibilities of the dental hygienist. Restricted to Dental students. Prereq-DENH 211 with C or better; Coreq-DENH 250</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DENH211",
      "DENH250"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 251G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-251g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-251g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000811",
    "code": "DENH 291",
    "title": "Spcl Studies in Dental Hygiene",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "See statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand. Restricted to Dental students.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 291",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-291",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-291.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000812",
    "code": "DENH 401",
    "title": "Intro Dental Hygiene",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 401",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-401",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-401.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000813",
    "code": "DENH 402",
    "title": "Dental Morphology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 402",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-402",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-402.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000814",
    "code": "DENH 403",
    "title": "Dental Orientation I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 403",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-403",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-403.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000815",
    "code": "DENH 404",
    "title": "Intro to Dental Hygiene",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 404",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-404",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-404.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000816",
    "code": "DENH 405",
    "title": "Dental Morphology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 405",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-405",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-405.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000817",
    "code": "DENH 406",
    "title": "Gen'l & Oral Histology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 406",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-406",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-406.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000818",
    "code": "DENH 407",
    "title": "Intro Prev Oral Health Service",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 407",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-407",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-407.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000819",
    "code": "DENH 408",
    "title": "Oral Anatomy",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 408",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-408",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-408.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000820",
    "code": "DENH 409",
    "title": "Nutrition",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 409",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-409",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-409.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000821",
    "code": "DENH 411",
    "title": "Oral Anatomy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 411",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-411",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-411.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000822",
    "code": "DENH 412",
    "title": "Nutrition",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 412",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-412",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-412.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000823",
    "code": "DENH 413",
    "title": "Advanced Functions",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 413",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-413",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-413.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000824",
    "code": "DENH 415",
    "title": "Dental Specialties",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 415",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-415",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-415.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000825",
    "code": "DENH 420",
    "title": "Dental Assisting Procedures",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 420",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-420",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-420.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000826",
    "code": "DENH 423",
    "title": "Dental Specialties",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 423",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-423",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-423.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000827",
    "code": "DENH 424",
    "title": "Clinical Experience",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 424",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-424",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-424.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000828",
    "code": "DENH 451",
    "title": "Clinical Dental Hyg I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 451",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-451",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-451.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000829",
    "code": "DENH 452",
    "title": "Histology & Pathology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 452",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-452",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-452.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000830",
    "code": "DENH 453",
    "title": "Oral Roentgenology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 453",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-453",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-453.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000831",
    "code": "DENH 454",
    "title": "Dental Hygiene I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 454",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-454",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-454.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000832",
    "code": "DENH 455",
    "title": "Gen'l & Oral Pathology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 455",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-455",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-455.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000833",
    "code": "DENH 456",
    "title": "Dental Hygiene I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 456",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-456",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/denh-456.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000834",
    "code": "DENH 457",
    "title": "Clinical Dental Hygiene I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 457",
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    "code": "DENH 510",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 512",
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    "title": "General and Oral Pathology",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 514",
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    "code": "DENH 527",
    "title": "Prev Oral Heal Svcs II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 527",
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    "code": "DENH 550",
    "title": "Clin Prev Oral Heal Svcs III",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 550",
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    "code": "DENH 553",
    "title": "Dental Practice Orientation",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 553",
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    "code": "DENH 554",
    "title": "Dental Health Education",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 554",
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    "title": "Dental Specialties",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "DENH 556",
    "title": "Clinical Dental Hygiene",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 556",
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    "code": "DENH 557",
    "title": "Dental Specialties",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 557",
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    "code": "DENH 558",
    "title": "Dental Materials",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 558",
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    "code": "DENH 559",
    "title": "Oral Radiology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 559",
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    "id": "northampton-000857",
    "code": "DENH 560",
    "title": "Dental Materials",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 560",
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    "id": "northampton-000858",
    "code": "DENH 567",
    "title": "Prev Oral Heal Svcs III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DENH 567",
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    "code": "DMSG 101",
    "title": "Essentials of Patient Care",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Orientation to the hospital and sonography department; history of sonography, roles and responsibilities of the sonographer, medical ethics, HIPPA and patient confidentially, basic patient care, safety and handling, nursing procedures and medical terminology. Restricted to DMS students. Offered fall semester only.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 101",
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    "id": "northampton-000860",
    "code": "DMSG 102",
    "title": "Intro to Diagnostic Medical Sonography",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This introductory course in the field of diagnostic medical sonography discusses sonographic terminology and sonographic tissue characterization. Cross-sectional anatomy of the upper abdomen in the sagittal, transverse and coronal planes utilizes schematic images and sonographic correlation. Patient positioning, labeling of images, image orientation and basic scanning techniques are introduced. Restricted to DMS students. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 102",
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    "id": "northampton-000861",
    "code": "DMSG 103",
    "title": "Intro to Acoustical Physics",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Review of reciprocal relations, variables, powers, exponential notation, conversion of units, proportionality, fractions and percentages, logarithms, simple trig and geometry, base 10 and binary. Introduction to waves, Simple Harmonic Motion, wave motion, interference, sound, Doppler, the ray model of light, reflection and refraction, Snell&#39;s law. Restricted to DMS students. Pre- or coreq. - MATH 140. Additional course fees: $170.00. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "code": "DMSG 104",
    "title": "Intro to Clinical Education",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Students will be introduced to the clinical environment and will observe and assist with the performance of various sonographic imaging procedures that they have practiced in the sonography lab. The focus of this course is acquisition of basic clinical skills, professionalism, and ability to follow hospital procedures and policies. This course will encompass 120 hours of clinical education. Restricted to DMS students. Offered fall semester only.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 104",
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    "code": "DMSG 105",
    "title": "Acoustic Physics & Instrument I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course introduces students to basic acoustical physics, principles of ultrasound instruments, modes of operation, operator control options, frequency selection, and echogenic properties; emphasis on ultrasound transmission in soft tissues, attenuation of sound energy, parameters affecting sound transmission, and resolution of sound beams. Restricted to DMS students.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 105",
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    "id": "northampton-000864",
    "code": "DMSG 106",
    "title": "Vascular Technology - Anatomy, Physiology, Imaging & Critique I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This introductory course will expose the learner to the fundamental principles of diagnostic testing of the cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular systems. Topics that will be emphasized include extracranial cerebrovascular imaging, non-invasive peripheral arterial and venous testing. Identification of relevant normal anatomy, pathology, and hemodynamics are explored utilizing B-mode, color flow Doppler, and spectral Doppler waveform analysis. Pre- or Co-req: BIOS 204. Restricted to DMS students.</p>",
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    "code": "DMSG 107",
    "title": "Principles of Cardiovascular Technology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 107",
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    "code": "DMSG 109",
    "title": "Introduction to the Cardiovascular System",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This introductory course covers the anatomic, </span><span>physiologic</span><span> and hemodynamic functions of the cardiovascular system</span><span>. </span><span>Topics include the embryologic development of the cardiovascular system, anatomical and physiological characteristics, heart sounds, biophysics of the cardiac cell, cardiac pumping action and its regulation, cardiovascular hemodynamics, coronary blood flow, systemic and pulmonary circulations, and the control of regional circulation. </span>Restricted to DMS students.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 109",
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    "id": "northampton-000867",
    "code": "DMSG 110",
    "title": "Abdominal Sonography-A&P, I&C I",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Human anatomy in the transverse, longitudinal, and coronal planes with emphasis on the organs in the abdomen and pelvic cavity; extensive study of the disease processes and physiological alterations; sonographic methods to visualize adult and pediatric abdomens; normal variants, congenital anomalies, physiology, and related laboratory tests; technical information including procedural and scanning techniques. Restricted to DMS students. Prereq. - BIOS 204; Pre- or coreq. - BIOS 254. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS204",
      "BIOS254"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 110",
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    "code": "DMSG 111",
    "title": "Cardiac Pharmacology",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course is designed to provide the cardiac sonography student with a foundation of the principles of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics</span><span>. </span><span>Classification of medications, modes of action, indications, contraindications, and their effect on the cardiovascular system and cardiac patients will be examined. Restricted to DMS students.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 111",
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    "code": "DMSG 113",
    "title": "Non-Invasive Cardiac Testing/ECG",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course </span><span>provides</span><span> instruction in cardiac anatomy and physiology, electrophysiology, basic Electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation, and arrhythmia recognition. Additionally, this course discusses 12 Lead ECG interpretation specifically related to acute coronary syndrome. A foundation in the basic principles of electrocardiography is provided. An overview of the theory and diagnostic techniques </span><span>utilized</span><span> by technologists in a noninvasive laboratory is presented. </span><span>An emphasis is placed on the development of a systematic approach to electrocardiographic interpretation, dysrhythmia analysis, exercise stress testing, Holter monitoring, nuclear medicine procedures, and pacemaker evaluation.</span><span> </span>Restricted to DMS students. </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 113",
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    "id": "northampton-000870",
    "code": "DMSG 114",
    "title": "Gynecologic Sonography- Anatomy, Physiology, Imaging & Critique",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span> </span><span>This introductory course will expose the learner to the fundamental principles of gynecological anatomy</span><span>, including clinical applications and sonographic methods to visualize pelvic organs, the nongravid uterus, adnexa and related structures<span>.</span><span> </span>Emphasis will be placed on comparison of normal sonographic patterns<span> </span>with identification of pathology, physiology, differentials, and correlation with lab test and related organ development. Technical information including procedural and scanning techniques will be explored. Restricted to DMS students. </span> <span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS204"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 114",
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    "id": "northampton-000871",
    "code": "DMSG 115",
    "title": "Obstetrical Sonography- Anatomy, Physiology, Imaging and Critique I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This introductory course will expose the learner to obstetrical anatomy, clinical applications and sonographic methods to visualize the pregnant uterus and related structures in the first, second and third trimesters. Topics will include comparison of normal sonographic patterns with identification of pathology, physiology, differentials, and correlation with lab test and related organ development in the first trimester and normal fetal development in the second and third trimesters. Sonographic methods to calculate the biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and extremity measurements will be emphasized. </span><span>Additional topics include assessment of normal fetal and extra-fetal structures </span><span>Technical</span><span> information including procedural and scanning techniques will be explored. Restricted to DMS students</span><span>.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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      "BIOS-204",
      "BIOS254"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 115",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000872",
    "code": "DMSG 117",
    "title": "Cardiac Procedures Clinical Education",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This introductory clinical experience in the cardiac health care setting builds upon the foundation provided by classroom lectures </span><span>regarding</span><span> noninvasive cardiac procedures and includes vital signs, heart sounds, 12 lead ECG, Holter monitoring, pacemaker evaluation, and exercise stress testing. This clinical rotation </span><span>provides</span><span> the students the opportunity to practice and </span><span>demonstrate</span><span> skills of the various diagnostic and testing measures in a standard cardiovascular laboratory.</span></span><span><span> </span></span><span><span>This course will encompass </span><span>120 hours</span><span> of clinical education. </span>Restricted to DMS students.<span> </span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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      "DMSG109"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 117",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000873",
    "code": "DMSG 119",
    "title": "Cardiac Pathophysiology I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course introduces students to the cardiovascular system and provides them with an overview of various cardiac diseases. </span><span>This course enables students to understand the field of cardiology by covering basic pathophysiologic concepts that include clinical signs and symptoms, physical examination results, and related diagnostic tests.</span><span> In addition, this course presents a correlation between cardiac diseases and other general patient illnesses; diagnostic procedures to assess the status of cardiac disease that focus on signs, symptoms, disease processes; and diagnostic and therapeutic treatment options. Students are prepared to communicate effectively with members of the health care team </span><span>utilizing</span><span> </span><span>appropriate medical</span><span> terminology and cardiology medical terminology. Restricted to DMS students.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS254"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 119",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-000874",
    "code": "DMSG 120",
    "title": "Clinical Practice I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Application of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital or clinic setting under the supervision of a qualified registered diagnostic sonographer; emphasis on liver, pancreas, gallbladder, superficial parts, pelvic areas, pregnant uterus, and related structures; production and interpretation of normal and pathologic sonograms of each area; film critique a critical component. Restricted to DMS students.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 120",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-120.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000875",
    "code": "DMSG 121",
    "title": "Cardiac Clinical Education I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p><span>This course is an observational clinical education rotation. Students will be introduced to the clinical environment and will </span><span>observe</span><span> clinical principles in an echocardiography laboratory. The course emphasizes professional attributes and fundamental clinical skills necessary to perform and interpret transthoracic echocardiography. Students synthesize learning from didactic, laboratory, and instrumentation courses. The focus of this course is acquisition of basic clinical skills, professionalism, and ability to follow hospital procedures and policies related to patient care. This course will encompass </span><span>120 hours</span><span> of clinical education. Restricted to DMS students.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG117"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 121",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-121.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000876",
    "code": "DMSG 122",
    "title": "Vascular Clinical Education I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course is a hands-on application of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital or outpatient setting under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed technologist. Observation, </span><span>assistance</span><span> and performance of vascular sonographic examinations and tests, following sonographic examination protocols; production and interpretation of normal and pathological sonograms of each area; film critique a critical </span><span>component</span><span>. This course encompasses 1</span><span>1</span><span>2 clinical hours. Restricted to DMS students. </span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG104"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 122",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-122.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000877",
    "code": "DMSG 123",
    "title": "Abdominal & Vascular Clinical Education I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course is a hands-on ap</span><span>plication of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital or outpatient setting under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed </span><span>technologist. Observation, assistance and performance of sonographic examinations and tests including</span><span> </span><span>vascular, abdominal and superficial structures, following sonographic examination protocols; </span><span>production and interpretation of normal and pathological sonograms of each area; film critique a critical component. This course encompasses 240 clinical hours. Restricted to DMS students. </span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG104"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 123",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-123.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000878",
    "code": "DMSG 124",
    "title": "Clinical Education I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Application of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital or outpatient setting under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed diagnostic medical sonographer; emphasis on liver, pancreas, gallbladder, superficial structures, pelvis, gravid and non-gravid uterus and related structures; production and interpretation of normal and pathological sonograms of each area; film critique a critical component. This course encompasses 240 clinical hours. Restricted to DMS students. Prereq. - DMSG104 with C- or better. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG104"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 124",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-124.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000879",
    "code": "DMSG 125",
    "title": "Section Anatomy for Medical Imagers",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Human anatomy in the transverse, longitudinal, and coronal planes with application to sonography and other imaging modalities in radiology. Restricted to Radiography and Sonography students. Runs with RADT 125. Prereq. - BIOS 204; Pre- or coreq. - BIOS 254. Offered fall semester only. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS204",
      "BIOS254"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 125",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-125",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-125.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000880",
    "code": "DMSG 127",
    "title": "Cardiac Procedures I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span>This course introduces students to concepts of cardiac imaging</span><span>: diagnostic</span><span>, qualitative, and quantitative ultrasound techniques, orthogonal planes, 2D, M-Mode, color Doppler and Doppler Echocardiography. Cardiac hemodynamics for valvular diseases </span><span>are</span><span> reviewed, including the relationship to cardiac anatomy, physiology, and cardiovascular function parameters. The laboratory </span><span>component</span><span> of the course introduces echocardiography examinations, including proper body mechanics, proper scanning techniques, image acquisition, image optimization, probe manipulation, storage and manipulation of data, and programmatic reporting and quantitative evaluation methods used to evaluate cardiac pathologies. Restricted to DMS students.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG109"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 127",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-127",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-127.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000881",
    "code": "DMSG 129",
    "title": "Intravenous Insertion Techniques",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course will provide the sonography student with the topical information and practical skills for inserting peripheral intravenous lines for the application of contrast agents. The guidelines and standards for practice of intravenous contrast </span><span>is</span><span> delineated in the Scope of Practice and Clinical Standards for Diagnostic Medical Sonographers</span><span>. </span>Restricted to DMS students or with approval by the instructor. </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS204"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 129",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-129",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-129.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000882",
    "code": "DMSG 155",
    "title": "Acoustic Physics & Instrument II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Continuation of acoustical physics; interaction of ultrasound production and display, various transducer designs and construction, quality assurance/control, bioeffects, image artifacts, techniques for recording static and dynamic images, methods of color flow, Doppler principles, and hemodynamics. Restricted to DMS students. Prereq. - DMSG 105 with C- or better. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG105"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 155",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-155",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-155.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000883",
    "code": "DMSG 160",
    "title": "Abdominal Sonography-A&P, I&C II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Advanced study of human anatomy in the transverse, longitudinal, and coronal planes with emphasis on the organs in the abdomen and pelvic cavity; extensive study of the disease processes and physiological alterations; sonographic methods to visualize adult and pediatric abdomens; normal variants, congenital anomalies, physiology, and related laboratory tests; technical information including procedural and scanning techniques. Restricted to DMS students. Prereq.- DMSG 110 with C- or better. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG110"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 160",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-160",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-160.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000884",
    "code": "DMSG 163",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Fetal Scanning",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "An introduction to contemporary fetal growth assessment by early sonographic dating and subsequent growth series examinations will be discussed. Scanning techniques related to amniotic fluid index, and the biophysical profile; sonographic methods to calculate the biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference, and extremity measurements will be emphasized. Restricted to DMS students. Offered fall semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 163",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-163",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-163.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000885",
    "code": "DMSG 165",
    "title": "OB&GYN Sonography-A&P, I&C II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Advanced study of obstetrical and gynecological anatomy; clinical applications and sonographic methods to visualize pelvic organs, the pregnant uterus, and related structures; comparison of normal sonographic patterns with identification of pathology, physiology, differentials, and correlation with lab test and related organ development; technical information, including procedural and scanning techniques. Restricted to DMS students. Prereq.- DMSG 115 with C- or better. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 165",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-165",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-165.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000886",
    "code": "DMSG 170",
    "title": "Clinical Practice II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Continued application of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital or clinic setting under the supervision of a qualified registered diagnostic sonographer with independent scanning when competency has been demonstrated; emphasis on liver, pancreas, gallbladder, superficial parts, pelvic areas, pregnant uterus, and related structures; production and interpretation of normal and pathologic sonograms of each area; film critique a critical component. Restricted to DMS students. Prereq. - DMSG 120.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 170",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-170",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-170.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000887",
    "code": "DMSG 172",
    "title": "Vascular Clinical Education II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course is a continued hands-on application of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital or outpatient setting under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed technologist. Independent scanning and performance of tests when competency has been </span><span>demonstrated</span><span> with emphasis on vascular structures, following sonographic examination protocols; production and interpretation of normal and pathological sonograms of each area; film critique a critical </span><span>component</span><span>. This course encompasses </span><span>224</span><span> </span><span>clinical hours. Restricted to DMS students. </span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG122"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 172",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-172",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-172.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000888",
    "code": "DMSG 173",
    "title": "Abdominal & Vascular Clinical Education II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<div><p><span><span>This course is a continued hands-on a</span><span>pplication of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital or outpatient setting under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed </span><span>technologist. Independent scanning and performance of tests when competency has been demonstrated with emphasis on vascular, abdominal and superficial structures, following sonographic examination protocols; </span><span>production and interpretation of normal and pathological sonograms of each area; film critique a critical component. This course encompasses 240 clinical hours. Restricted to DMS students. </span> </span><span style=\"font-size:12px\"> </span></p></div>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG123"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 173",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-173",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-173.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000889",
    "code": "DMSG 174",
    "title": "Clinical Education II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Continued application of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital or outpatient setting under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed diagnostic medical sonographer with independent scanning when competency has been demonstrated; emphasis on liver, pancreas, GB, superficial parts, pelvic areas, pregnant uterus, and related structures; production and interpretation of normal and pathologic sonograms of each area; film critique a critical component. This course will encompass 240 hours of clinical education. Restricted to DMS students. Prereq. - DMSG124 with C- or better. Offered summer only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG124"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 174",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-174",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-174.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000890",
    "code": "DMSG 175",
    "title": "Cardiac Clinical Education I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course is the application of sonographic procedures in an echocardiography lab in hospital or outpatient setting under the supervision of a credentialed diagnostic medical sonographer with independent scanning when competency has been demonstrated.&nbsp; Emphasis is placed on professionalism and clinical skills needed to perform and provide diagnostic information necessary for the evaluation of cardiac disease. Students will synthesize learning from didactic, laboratory, and instrumentation courses to prepare patients for the cardiac ultrasound examination, enter patient data and perform normal and abnormal studies under the direct supervision of the clinical instructor.&nbsp; Throughout this 112-hour clinical rotation, emphasis is placed on developing the student’s interpersonal skills with patients and staff.&nbsp; Students will log daily scans. Restricted to DMS students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG-117"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 175",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-175",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-175.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000891",
    "code": "DMSG 182",
    "title": "Vascular Clinical Education III",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span>This course is a hands-on application of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital or outpatient setting under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed technologist. Observation, </span><span>assistance</span><span> and performance of sonographic examinations and tests including </span><span>vascular system and vascular </span><span>structures following sonographic examination protocols; production and interpretation of normal and pathological sonograms of each area; film critique a critical </span><span>component</span><span>. This course encompasses </span><span>448</span><span> clinical hours. Restricted to DMS students.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG172"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 182",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-182",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-182.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000892",
    "code": "DMSG 205",
    "title": "Small Parts",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Application and use of ultrasound in the imaging of superficial organs and structures, peripheral vasculature, thyroid and parathyroind glands, breasts, extremities, and scrotum; histologic aspects of various pathological conditions correlated with acoustical properties and ultrasound characteristics. Restricted to DMS students. To be deleted effective 2005/06. Final offering Fall 2004.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 205",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-205",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-205.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000893",
    "code": "DMSG 210",
    "title": "Special Topics in Sonography",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Recent applications, skills, knowledge, and/or attitudes and behaviors pertinent to the technology or occupation and relevant to the professional development of the student. Restricted to DMS students. To be deleted effective 2005/06. Final offering Fall 2004.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 210",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-210",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-210.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000894",
    "code": "DMSG 215G",
    "title": "Small Parts and Special Topics",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Application and use of ultrasound in the imaging of superficial organs and structures such as the thyroid and parathyroid glands, breasts, extremities, and scrotum; histologic aspects of various pathological conditions correlated with acoustical properties and ultrasound characteristics. Recent applications, skills, knowledge, and/or attitudes and behaviors pertinent to the technology or occupation and relevant to the professional development of the student. Restricted to DMS students. Prereq. - ENGL101. Core: WI. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 215G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-215g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-215g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000895",
    "code": "DMSG 220",
    "title": "Clinical Practice III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Continued application of sonographic scanning procedures; student to demonstrate full competency and progress to full independence under the supervision of a qualified registered diagnostic sonographer; emphasis on identification of pathology, and sonography of abdominal, small parts, and obstetrical-gynecological areas; rotations in the practice of peripheral vascular exams and other specialties within the field may be arranged; film critique a critical component. Restricted to DMS students. Prereq. - DMSG 170.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 220",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-220",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-220.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000896",
    "code": "DMSG 223",
    "title": "Abdominal & Vascular Clinical Education III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course is a continued hands-on a</span><span>pplication of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital or outpatient setting under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed </span><span>technologist. Independent scanning and performance of tests when competency has been demonstrated with emphasis on vascular, abdominal and superficial structures, following sonographic examination protocols; </span><span>production and interpretation of normal and pathological sonograms of each area; film critique a critical component. This course encompasses 240 clinical hours. Restricted to DMS students. </span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG173"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 223",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-223",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-223.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000897",
    "code": "DMSG 224",
    "title": "Clinical Education III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Continued application of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital or outpatient setting under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed diagnostic medical sonographer; emphasis on identification of pathology, and sonography of abdominal, small parts, and obstetrical-gynecological structures; rotations in the practice of peripheral vascular exams and other specialties within the field may be arranged; film critique a critical component. Independent scanning may take place when competency has been demonstrated. This course will encompass 240 hours of clinical education. Restricted to DMS students. Prereq. - DMSG174 with C- or better. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG174"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 224",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-224",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-224.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000898",
    "code": "DMSG 225",
    "title": "Cardiac Clinical Education II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is a continued hands-on clinical application practice of cardiac ultrasound in an echocardiography laboratory focusing on identification and documentation of cardiac pathology. Under supervision, students practice the clinical skills necessary to perform advanced techniques and specialty applications in acquired and congenital disease states. Film critique is a critical component.&nbsp; Independent scanning may take place when competency has been demonstrated. Students will also observe and assist with stress echocardiography and transesophageal echo. This clinical rotation consists of 336 clinical hours and will include pediatric and adult congenital rotations. Restricted to DMS students.&nbsp;</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG175"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 225",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-225",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-225.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000899",
    "code": "DMSG 230",
    "title": "Clinical Practice IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Application of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital or clinical setting under the supervision of a certified registered diagnostic medical sonographer; emphasis on liver, pancreas, gall bladder, superficial structures, pelvic areas, pregnant uterus and related structures; production and interpretation of normal and pathological sonograms of each area; film critique a critical component. Restricted to DMS students. Prereq. - DMSG 220.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 230",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-230",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-230.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000900",
    "code": "DMSG 232",
    "title": "Vascular Clinical Education IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<div><p><span><span>This course is a continued hands-on application </span></span><span><span>of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital </span></span><span> </span></p></div><div><p><span><span>or outpatient setting under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed technologist. Independent scanning and performance of tests </span></span><span><span>when competency has been demonstrated</span><span> with emphasis on vascular structures, following sonographic examination protocols; production and interpretation of normal and pathological sonograms of each area; film critique a critical </span><span>component</span><span>. Independent scanning may take place when competency has been </span><span>demonstrated</span><span>. This course encompasses 336 clinical hours. Restricted to DMS students.</span></span><span> </span></p></div>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG182"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 232",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-232",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-232.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000901",
    "code": "DMSG 233",
    "title": "Abdominal & Vascular Clinical Education IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course is a continued hands-on a</span><span>pplication of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital or outpatient setting under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed </span><span>technologist. Independent scanning and performance of tests when competency has been demonstrated with emphasis on vascular, abdominal and superficial structures, following sonographic examination protocols; </span><span>production and interpretation of normal and pathological sonograms of each area; film critique a critical component. </span><span>Independent scanning may take place when competency has been demonstrated. </span><span>This course encompasses </span><span>360</span><span> clinical hours. Restricted to DMS students.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG223"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 233",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-233",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-233.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000902",
    "code": "DMSG 234",
    "title": "Clinical Education IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Continued application of sonographic scanning procedures in a hospital or outpatient setting under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed diagnostic medical sonographer; emphasis on identification of pathology, and sonography of abdominal, small parts, and obstetrical-gynecological structures; rotations in the practice of peripheral vascular exams and other specialties within the field may be arranged; film critique a critical component. Independent scanning may take place when competency has been demonstrated. This course will encompass 360 hours of clinical education. Restricted to DMS students. Prereq. - DMSG224 with C- or better. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG224"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 234",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-234",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-234.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000903",
    "code": "DMSG 235",
    "title": "Intro to Vascular Sonography",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>This introductory course will expose the learner to the fundamental principles of diagnostic testing of the cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular systems. Topics that will be emphasized include extracranial cerebrovascular imaging, non-invasive peripheral arterial and venous testing. Identification of relevant normal anatomy, pathology, and hemodynamics are explored utilizing B-mode, color flow Doppler, and spectral Doppler waveform analysis. Restricted to DMS students. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 235",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-235",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-235.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000904",
    "code": "DMSG 237",
    "title": "Vascular Technology- Anatomy, Physiology, Imaging & Critique II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course is an advanced study of Diagnostic Vascular Sonography designed to further enhance the student’s ability to evaluate proper scanning protocols, methodology, and image evaluation in a vascular sonography setting. There is a high emphasis on hemodynamics and vascular pathology to build on the basic framework of vascular sonography to prepare students to adequately and safely perform vascular ultrasound testing in the field of ultrasound at a higher level. Restricted to DMS students or students who are ARDMS certified. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG106",
      "BIOS254"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 237",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000905",
    "code": "DMSG 239",
    "title": "Vascular Ultrasound Special Topics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the application and use of ultrasound in the imaging of advanced and non-traditional vascular pathology encountered in a clinical setting. The course incudes analysis and critique of published journal reviews. This course examines recent applications, skills, knowledge, and/or attitudes and behaviors pertinent to the technology or occupation and relevant to the professional development of the student. Restricted to DMS students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG237"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 239",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-239.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000906",
    "code": "DMSG 239G",
    "title": "Vascular Ultrasound Special Topics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course covers the application and use of ultrasound in the imaging of advanced and non-traditional vascular pathology </span><span>encountered</span><span> in a clinical setting</span><span>. </span><span>The course </span><span>incudes</span><span> analysis and critique of published journal reviews with an emphasis placed on written communication through research, preparation of a literature review and thesis, and the development of a paper to be shared with peers</span><span>. </span><span>Recent applications, skills, knowledge, and/or attitudes and behaviors pertinent to the technology or occupation and relevant to the professional development of the student will be examined. This is a writing intensive course. Restricted to DMS students. </span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG237",
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 239G",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-239g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000907",
    "code": "DMSG 240",
    "title": "Clinical Practice V",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Final period of clinical study; student to demonstrate full competency and progress to full independence under the supervision of a qualified registered diagnostic sonographer; emphasis on identification of pathology, and sonography of abdominal, small parts, and obstetrical-gynecological areas; rotations in the practice of peripheral vascular exams and other specialties in the field may be arranged; film critique a critical component. Restricted to DMS students. Prereq. - DMSG 230. Offered summer only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 240",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-240.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000908",
    "code": "DMSG 241",
    "title": "Vascular Pathophysiology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the application and use of ultrasound in the imaging of advanced and non-traditional vascular pathology encountered in a clinical setting. The course incudes analysis and critique of published journal reviews. This course examines recent applications, skills, knowledge, and/or attitudes and behaviors pertinent to the technology or occupation and relevant to the professional development of the student. Restricted to DMS students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG237"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 241",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-241",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-241.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000909",
    "code": "DMSG 242",
    "title": "Vascular Clinical Education V",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course is the final period of clinical study. The student will </span><span>demonstrate</span><span> full competency and progress to full independence under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed technologist. Emphasis is placed on identification of pathology and sonography of the vascular system and vascular structures. Film critique is a critical </span><span>component</span><span>. This course encompasses 336 clinical hours. Restricted to DMS students. </span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG232"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 242",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-242.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000910",
    "code": "DMSG 243",
    "title": "Abdominal & Vascular Clinical Education V",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course is the final period of clinical study. The student will demonstrate full competency and progress to full independence </span><span>under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed </span><span>technologist. Emphasis is placed on identification of pathology and sonography of vascular, abdominal and superficial structures. F</span><span>ilm critique </span><span>is </span><span>a critical component. This course encompasses </span><span>360</span><span> clinical hours. Restricted to DMS students. </span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG233"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 243",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-243",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-243.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000911",
    "code": "DMSG 244",
    "title": "Clinical Education V",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Final period of clinical study; student to demonstrate full competency and progress to full independence under the supervision of an appropriately credentialed diagnostic medical sonographer; emphasis on identification of pathology, and sonography of abdominal, small parts, and obstetrical-gynecological areas; rotations in the practice of peripheral vascular exams and other specialties within the field may be arranged; film critique a critical component. This course will encompass 360 hours of clinical education. Restricted to DMS students. Prereq. - DMSG234 with C- or better. Offered summer only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG234"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 244",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-244.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000912",
    "code": "DMSG 245",
    "title": "Cardiac Clinical Education V",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This is the final period of supervised clinical study in an echocardiography laboratory. The students will demonstrate full competency and progress to full independence under the supervision of a credentialed cardiac sonographer. Image critique is a critical component. There is continued emphasis on professionalism and clinical skills needed to perform and provide diagnostic information necessary for the evaluation of cardiac disease. This course will encompass 448 hours of clinical education. Restricted to DMS students.&nbsp;</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG258"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 245",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-245.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000913",
    "code": "DMSG 251",
    "title": "Cardiac Pathophysiology II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course builds on content from Cardiac Pathophysiology I and emphasizes the analysis and assessment of abnormal cardiac anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology with an emphasis on those found in pediatric and congenital cardiovascular disease states. </span></span><span><span>Restricted to DMS students.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG119"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 251",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-251.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000914",
    "code": "DMSG 253",
    "title": "Cardiac Procedures II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span>This course will review cardiac procedures beyond the standard echocardiogram</span><span>. </span><span>Topics include exercise stress echo, dobutamine stress echocardiogram, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), contrast agents, saline bubble studies, cardiac </span><span>catheterization</span><span> and its correlation to echo, echocardiograms in the operating room, devices, left ventricular assist device (LVAD), Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) and more. The lab setting will continue hands-on practice using the non-dominant hand for scanning, reviewing proper technique and procedures, and fine-tuning motor skills and muscle memory, in a controlled setting. Restricted to DMS students.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG127"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 253",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-253.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000915",
    "code": "DMSG 255G",
    "title": "Echocardiography Seminar and Capstone Project",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This final semester course aids students in applying the knowledge and skills learned in their </span><span>previous</span><span> cardiac sonography courses and clinical internships through exploration of a research topic and preparation for the ARDMS credentialing board examination in adult echocardiography. Anatomy, physiology, patient care, clinical signs and symptoms, correlation with other diagnostic testing and sonographic presentation of normal, abnormal variants and pathologies will be reviewed</span><span>. </span><span>Students will </span><span>participate</span><span> in discussions and activities </span><span>utilizing</span><span> critical thinking and problem-solving skills and will learn research </span><span>methodology</span><span> to create a literature review and analyze data</span><span>. </span><span>Mock exams will be employed for registry preparation. Restricted to DMS students. </span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG253",
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 255G",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-255g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000916",
    "code": "DMSG 257",
    "title": "Cardiac Clinical Education III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is a continued hands-on application of cardiac sonographic scanning procedures in an echocardiography laboratory focusing on identification and documentation of cardiac pathology. Under supervision, students practice the clinical skills necessary to perform advanced techniques and specialty applications in acquired and congenital disease states. Throughout the clinical rotation, emphasis is placed on developing the student’s interpersonal skills with patients and staff. Image critique is a critical component.&nbsp; Independent scanning may take place when competency has been demonstrated. This course encompasses 336 clinical education hours. Restricted to DMS students.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG-225"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 257",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-257",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-257.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000917",
    "code": "DMSG 258",
    "title": "Cardiac Clinical Education IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course is a continued hands-on application of cardiac sonographic scanning procedures in an echocardiography laboratory focusing on identification and documentation of cardiac pathology. Under supervision, students practice the clinical skills necessary to perform advanced techniques and specialty applications in acquired and congenital disease states. Throughout the clinical rotation, emphasis is placed on developing the student’s interpersonal skills with patients and staff. Image critique is a critical component.&nbsp; Independent scanning may take place when competency has been demonstrated. This course encompasses 112 clinical education hours. Restricted to DMS students.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG-257"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 258",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-258",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-258.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000918",
    "code": "DMSG 263",
    "title": "Advanced Techniques in Obstetrical Scanning",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This advanced fetal imaging lab course builds on the basic framework of obstetrical scanning to further enhance the </span><span>students</span><span> ability to perform higher level fetal ultrasound exams. There is an emphasis on fetal anatomical survey, biophysical profile, echocardiography, 3-D and 4-D imaging and </span><span>problem solving</span><span> challenges in fetal scanning. Restricted to DMS students.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG265"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 263",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-263",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-263.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000919",
    "code": "DMSG 265",
    "title": "Obstetrical Sonography- Anatomy, Physiology, Imaging and Critique II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course is an advanced study of Diagnostic Obstetrical Sonography designed to further enhance the student’s ability to evaluate proper scanning protocols, methodology and image evaluation in </span><span>a</span><span> obstetrical sonography setting. There is a high emphasis on contemporary fetal growth assessment by growth series examinations, scanning techniques related to </span><span>amniotic fluid</span><span> index and the biophysical profile. Additional topics include assessment of normal and anomalous fetal and extra-fetal structures, complications of the pregnant parent, invasive testing, fetal echocardiography and the use of 3D and 4D. Lab will be utilized to apply and practice didactic knowledge. Restricted to DMS students.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DMSG115"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DMSG 265",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-265",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dmsg-265.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000920",
    "code": "DSTL 101",
    "title": "Foundations of Distillation Operations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is an overview of the distillation process to include; industry terms, distillation history, equipment needed for distillation, identification of major spirits, and craft spirit production. Must be at least 18 years old to register for the class.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DSTL 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dstl-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dstl-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000921",
    "code": "DSTL 111",
    "title": "Quality Control and Beverage Sensory Analysis",
    "credits": 1.5,
    "hours": 1.5,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the sensory analysis of the major spirit categories using appearance, aroma, and tasting for identification. Must be at least 18 years old to register for the class. Prerequisite: DSTL 101</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DSTL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DSTL 111",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dstl-111",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dstl-111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000922",
    "code": "DSTL 121",
    "title": "Craft Beverage Compliance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers beverage compliance through the initial process of opening a distillery to required reports. Students will learn initial steps of operating a licensed distillery, the importance of proper documentation for compliance, interpreting government compliance, and reporting all required material for governing bodies. Must be at least 18 years old to register for the class. Prerequisite: DSTL 101</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DSTL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DSTL 121",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dstl-121",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dstl-121.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000923",
    "code": "DSTL 131",
    "title": "Distillery and Maturation Operations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course exposes students to distillery operations from grain to bottling. Students will complete craft distillation through a lab experience. Must be at least 18 years old to register for the class. Prerequisite: DSTL 101</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "DSTL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/DSTL 131",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/dstl-131",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/dstl-131.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000924",
    "code": "EARL 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Early Childhood",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an introduction to child development theories and milestones from prenatal to age 9 in the context of cultural and developmental variations. Students learn inclusive teaching skills and strategies including English Language Learners (ELL). Students identify the value of developing respectful, reciprocal relationships with families and community partners to support learning. Art as a Way of Learning® (AWL) as a curriculum framework is introduced. Professional conduct in the context of the NAEYC Code of Ethics is also explored. Observational field experience hours outside of class are required. CDA Students must complete and return the “Participation Form” the first week. This ensures CPSL requirements per Department of Human Services and OCDEL.</p><p></p><p>This course provides students with 40 hours of training and resource collection items to create the portfolio required by the council for professional recognition to apply for the Child Development Associate Credential.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000925",
    "code": "EARL 102",
    "title": "Introduction to School Age Child Care",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students use observation and assessment to learn about the development of children and youth; and to plan school-age programs, including effective interaction strategies and appropriate learning/recreation environments that support the development, ability and interest of each youth. Assignments require access to school-age child care programs. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 102",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-102",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-102.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000926",
    "code": "EARL 103",
    "title": "Society and the School Age Child",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn about the role of families, communities and culture in the development of children and youth. Dominant theories of children's social-emotional development, crises in children's lives, and developmentally appropriate responses will be introduced. Family communication and support, cultural competence, the importance of inclusive teaching practices and respect for diversity are central themes. Assignments require access to school-age child care programs. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 103",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-103",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-103.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000927",
    "code": "EARL 104",
    "title": "School Age Child Care Professnl",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn to use the professions' Code of Ethics and Standards as a basis for developing a professional identity. Management and leadership skills required for working collaboratively to ensure a quality program, and advocacy skills for improving the condition of before and after schoool programs are included. Assignments require access to school-age child care programs. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 104",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-104",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-104.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000928",
    "code": "EARL 105",
    "title": "Early Childhood Visual Arts",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn theories and milestones of artistic and fine motor development in children aged birth to eight and the visual arts as a language children use to represent, express and create. Standards-based visual arts curriculum, preparation of universally designed aesthetic environments, and collaboration with families and community arts organizations are studied. Students apply learning in 10 weekly field experiences (labs). Pre- or coreq. - EARL 109. Also available through Online Learning. Additonal course fee: $10.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 105",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-105",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-105.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000929",
    "code": "EARL 106",
    "title": "Early Childhood Development and Learning",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course<span> </span></span><span>provides an introduction to</span><span><span> </span>child development theories and milestones from prenatal to age 9 in the context of cultural and developmental variations. Students learn inclusive teaching skills and strategies including English Language Learners (ELL). Students identify the value of developing respectful, reciprocal relationships with families and community partners to support learning. Art as a Way of Learning® (AWL) as a curriculum framework is introduced. Professional conduct in the context of the NAEYC Code of Ethics are also explored. Observational field experience hours outside of class are required. Early childhood majors must complete and submit clearance paperwork as required by the Pennsylvania Department of Education.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 106",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-106",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-106.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000930",
    "code": "EARL 107",
    "title": "Early Childhood Observation and Assessment",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students learn methods of observing, documenting, and assessing children’s learning from Birth to age 9 in the context of cultural and developmental variations. Students are introduced to learning standards and assessment tools for evaluating safe, healthy indoor and outdoor learning environments integrating Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Students learn how to use the Art as a Way of Learning® (AWL) framework to observe and assess children’s learning and development. Ethical and equitable practices in assessment are an area of focus. Observational field experience hours outside of class are required. Early childhood majors must complete and submit clearance paperwork as required by the Pennsylvania Department of Education.</span></span><span> Pre- or Co-req.-EARL 106 with C or better.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EARL-106"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 107",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-107",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-107.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000931",
    "code": "EARL 109",
    "title": "Intro to Early Childhood Educ",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn child development theories and milestones in children from age birth to eight. Introduction to observation and assessment; inclusive teaching skills, strategies and environments that are universally designed; ethical guidelines and professionalism; early childhood systems, trends, curriculum models; and development of relationships with families are incorporated as foundational skills. Observation visits to several early childhood settings are required. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 109",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-109",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-109.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000932",
    "code": "EARL 112",
    "title": "Early Child Language & Literatur",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn theories and milestones of language and literacy development in children aged birth to eight. Standards-based language arts curriculum, preparation of language-rich, universally designed environments, and collaboration with families and community literacy organizations are studied. Students apply learning in 10 weekly field experiences (labs). Pre- or coreq. - EARL 109. Also available through Online Learning. Additional course fee: $10.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 112",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-112",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-112.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000933",
    "code": "EARL 113",
    "title": "Fund Family Support Techniques",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Experience in practical application of skills for family support workers; emphasis on Dr. William Glasser's Choice Theory as a way of understanding individual and family dynamics, family case histories, and the development of skills for joint problem solving approaches to increasing family effectiveness; students explore the relationship between self-esteem development and the experience of poverty in America and practice interviewing, critical reflection, and developing helping relationships. Designed for Head Start employees only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 113",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-113",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000934",
    "code": "EARL 114",
    "title": "Advanced Family Support Technque",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Designed to offer practical application of skills for Family Support staff and Teachers. Course will examine the intersect between genetic, developmental, and environmental impacts on understanding communication, conflict, and negotiation between family system. Emphasis will be placed on understanding communication, conflict, and negotiation within family relationships from a Choice Theory perspective. Students will practice interventions that positively affect the ability of family members to make sustained change to improve parenting outcomes and familial relationships. Designed for Head Start employees only. Prereq. - EARL 113.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 114",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-114",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-114.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000935",
    "code": "EARL 115",
    "title": "Child Care in a Home Setting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Family day care and practical considerations of child care in a home; prepares the student to plan a safe and healthy learning environment with activities that support the childÆs development; includes observation skills and guiding behavior techniques. Offered in the evening in fall semesters only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 115",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-115",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-115.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000936",
    "code": "EARL 116",
    "title": "Observing Children/Guiding Beh",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The use of a variety of observation tools and strategies to learn about child development; discipline based on observation and understanding. Available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 116",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-116",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-116.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000937",
    "code": "EARL 117",
    "title": "Home:Nurturing/Learning Environm",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Designing the family child care home to meet children's needs for a safe/healthy learning environment; designed for home-based, family and group child care providers. Students must take EARL 116, 117, and 118 sequentially. Prereq. - EARL 116. Available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 117",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-117",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-117.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000938",
    "code": "EARL 118",
    "title": "Learn via Movement,Music,VisArts",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Experiences in the arts for children from infancy to school age in mixed age grouping; providing an integrated curriculum that promotes cognitive, social, emotional, creative, physical, and language growth through the arts; designed for home-based, family and group child care providers. Students must take EARL 116, 117, and 118 sequentially. Prereq. - EARL 116 and 117. Available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 118",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-118",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-118.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000939",
    "code": "EARL 122",
    "title": "Early Childhood Music & Movement",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn theories and milestones of musical and motor development in children aged birth to eight, and the musical arts as a language children use to represent, express and create. Standards-based music, dance, drama and physical education curriculum, preparation of universally designed aesthetic environments, and collaboration with families and community music, theatre, and fitness organizations are studied. Students apply learning in 10 weekly field experiences (labs). Pre- or coreq. - EARL 109. Also available through Online Learning. Additional course fee: $10.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 122",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-122",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-122.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000940",
    "code": "EARL 126",
    "title": "Early Childhood Arts",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students learn about children’s artistic development within the context of cultural, linguistic, and ability diversity. The arts, as a symbol system for representing and constructing meaning, is a key focus area for the course. Students will work in ECE classrooms to create and implement standards-based arts learning experiences and environments using evidence-based practices and Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Students explore children’s artistic development and learn to build reciprocal partnerships with families, professionals, arts specialists and arts organizations in order to support each child’s learning. Weekly field experience hours are required outside of class time. To meet Pennsylvania department of education guidelines, students must have completed clearance paperwork on file with the department.</span></span><span> Prereq.-EARL 106 and EARL 107, both with C or better.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EARL106",
      "EARL107"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 126",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-126.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000941",
    "code": "EARL 128",
    "title": "Infant-Toddler Development and Learning",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students</span><span><span> </span>le</span></span><span><span>arn about developmental theories and milestones for children ages 0 to 3 within cultural, linguistic, and abilities diverse contexts. An introduction to brain development, trauma-informed practices, learning standards and Art as a Way of Learning (AWL) provide a foundation for planning responsive curriculum. Students explore culturally responsive approaches to teaching and learning, and evaluate healthy and safe indoor and outdoor learning environments through the lens of Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Weekly field experience hours are required outside of class time. To meet Pennsylvania department of education guidelines, students must have completed clearance paperwork on file with the department. Prereq.-EARL 106 and EARL 107, both with C or better.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EARL106",
      "EARL107"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 128",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-128",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-128.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000942",
    "code": "EARL 130",
    "title": "Intro to Young Child w/Disabil.",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Provides students with understanding of disabilities and application of laws that impact early childhood educators.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 130",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-130",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-130.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000943",
    "code": "EARL 131",
    "title": "ADA & Early Childhood Education",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Provides students with an understanding of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) as it applies to early childhood education.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 131",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-131",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-131.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000944",
    "code": "EARL 132",
    "title": "Family/School Collaboration forYoung Children w Disabilities",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 132",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-132",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-132.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000945",
    "code": "EARL 133",
    "title": "Fostering Socl-Emotl Competency Young Children w Disabilities",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Intervention strategies for maximizing the social and emotional competencies in young children with disabilities and for preventing and responding to problem situations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 133",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-133",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-133.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000946",
    "code": "EARL 134",
    "title": "Inclusive Classroom Environment",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The important role of the physical environment and the social dimensions of a classroom which includes children with disabilities; techniques and strategies for adapting the physical space, selecting and/or modifying materials, creating a positive climate and developing peer support networks.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 134",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-134",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-134.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000947",
    "code": "EARL 135",
    "title": "Planning Curriculum for YoungChildren w Disabilities",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Curriculum planning strategies for including children with disabilities.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 135",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-135",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-135.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000948",
    "code": "EARL 151",
    "title": "Family Day Care Professional",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Prepares the student to operate a professional Family Day Care home; program management, advocacy techniques, establishing positive relationships with parents, and mainstreaming children. Offered in evening in spring semesters only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 151",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-151",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-151.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000949",
    "code": "EARL 152",
    "title": "Learn via Language,Math,Science",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Experiences in science, math, and language for children from infancy to school age in mixed age grouping, providing an integrated curriculum that promotes cognitive, social, emotional, creative, physical, and language growth; designed for home-based, family and group child care providers. Students must take EARL 152, 153, and 154 sequentially. Available through Distance Learning. Prereq. - EARL 116, 117, and 118.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 152",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-152",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-152.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000950",
    "code": "EARL 153",
    "title": "Relationships Parents/Community",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Establishing a friendly yet professional relationship with parents by recognizing what parents and providers want and need from each other; communicating to the public about the important role of the family child care professional; designed for home-based, family and group child care providers. Students must take EARL 152, 153, and 154 sequentially. Available through Distance Learning. Prereq. - EARL 116, 117, 118, and 152.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 153",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-153",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-153.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000951",
    "code": "EARL 154",
    "title": "Family Child Care as a Business",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Discussion of effective and efficient record keeping procedures appropriate for a family child care business; state, local, self-employment, and federal income taxes; designed for home-based, family and group child care providers. Students must take EARL 152, 153, and 154 sequentially. Available through Distance Learning. Prereq. - EARL 116, 117, 118, 152, and 153.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 154",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-154",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-154.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000952",
    "code": "EARL 155",
    "title": "Intro to Family Child Care",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students are introduced to the use of child development principles, theories, and milestones as the basis for being a professional family child care provider. Students learn to modify their home environment to provide developmentally appropriate, arts-integrated and inclusive learning experiences. Ethical guidelines, systems, trends and curriculum models are included. Observation and assessment techniques, interaction skills and strategies, and the development of respectful and reciprocal relationships with families are learned as foundational skills. Child Development Associate (CDA) portfolio and advisor are required if applying for a CDA from the Council for Professional Recognition. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 155",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-155",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-155.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000953",
    "code": "EARL 156",
    "title": "Society/Child in Fam Child Care",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn about family child care as an extension of the family and its connection into the community. Social-emotional milestones and theories related to attachment, autonomy, self-esteem and developmentally appropriate responses will be introduced. The development of cultural competence, social problem solving, access to and use of community resources are major themes. Child Development Associate (CDA) portfolio and advisor are required if applying for a CDA from the Council for Professional Recognition. Prereq.- EARL 155. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 156",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-156",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-156.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000954",
    "code": "EARL 157",
    "title": "Family Child Care Professional",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students appropriate practices, including business practices and other professional guidelines, as a foundation for developing and maintaining a professional program and identity. Students use strategies to manage an effective family child care program, including a business plan, effective recordkeeping and strategic planning. Learning for EARL 155, 156, and 157 are integrated through a final portfolio to document the student as a professional that engages in continuous, collaborative learning to inform, and advocate for best practice. Child Development Associate (CDA) portfolio and advisor are required if applying for a CDA from the Council for Professional Recognition. Prereq.- EARL 156. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 157",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-157",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-157.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000955",
    "code": "EARL 160",
    "title": "Child Care Health Advocate",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course prepares the Child Care Practitioner to function in the role of a Child Care Health Advocate (CCHA), and will address 15 different health and safety modules as a resource for child care directors, teachers, assistant teachers, and child care practitioners. The CCHA that will be working in a child care setting will learn to assess, identify, and prioritize health and safety needs of children and staff. The participant learns their role in participating in health and safety activities to ensure activities occur in their facility. This course will also link the CCHA in a child care setting with a registered nurse child care health consultant. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 160",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-160",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-160.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000956",
    "code": "EARL 169",
    "title": "The School-Age Professional",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The importance of maintaining a commitment to professionalism by continually assessing oneÆs own performance; continuing to learn about school-age children; networking with other professionals; applying professional ethics at all times; techniques for using a systemic approach to observation and recording childrenÆs behavior; the importance of becoming an advocate for children and families, and the importance of taking care of oneself as a school-age professional. Formerly EARL 172. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 169",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-169",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-169.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000957",
    "code": "EARL 170",
    "title": "Develp Needs of School Age Child",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The importance of understanding the developmental needs of school-age children in planning and implementing out-of-school programs; common developmental tasks of school-age children at different ages and stages, as well as individual differences among school-age children; strategies and techniques for communicating with school-age children and creating positive interactions with parents. Prereq. - EARL 169. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 170",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-170",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-170.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000958",
    "code": "EARL 171",
    "title": "Commitment to Quality",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The importance of maintaining safe, healthy environments which are organized to support a variety of indoor and outdoor activities; techniques and strategies for preventing accidents and injuries, promoting wellness and good nutrition, selecting appropriate materials and equipment, and planning schedules and routines. Students learn the components of quality programs and develop plans for improving their own programs. Prereq. - EARL 169 and 170. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 171",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-171",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-171.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000959",
    "code": "EARL 172",
    "title": "The School-Age Professional",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The importance of maintaining a commitment to professionalism by continually assessing oneÆs own performance; continuing to learn about school-age children; networking with other professionals; applying professional ethics at all times; techniques for using a systemic approach to observation and recording childrenÆs behavior; the importance of becoming an advocate for children and families, and the importance of taking care of oneself as a school-age professional.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 172",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-172",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-172.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000960",
    "code": "EARL 173",
    "title": "Developing a Creative Curriculum",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The importance of promoting creativity in school-age programs by providing a rich and varied environment that invites exploration and experimentation; offering a variety of activities and experiences that promote self-expression; interacting with children in ways that encourage and respect original ideas, thoughts, and expressions. Prereq. - EARL 169, 170 and 171. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 173",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-173",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-173.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000961",
    "code": "EARL 174",
    "title": "Explore Arts in School-Age Progr",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The importance of including the arts in school-age programs through discussion and ôhands-onö experience with arts activities; options for planning and conducting short- and long-range visual arts, dramatic play and language arts, and music and movement activities; emphasis on providing arts activities which are developmentally and culturally appropriate; strategies for using community and family resources to support arts activities; strategies for developing clubs, hobbies, and special events around arts activities. Prereq. - EARL 169, 170, 171 and 173. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 174",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-174",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-174.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000962",
    "code": "EARL 175",
    "title": "Explor Sciences in School-Age Pr",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The importance of including the sciences in school-age programs through discussion and hands-on experiences with science activities; cognitive development and how school-age staff can encourage children to experiment, make discoveries, and build on their natural curiosity through science activities; strategies for using community and family resources to support science activities, and strategies for developing clubs and hobbies related to the sciences. Prereq. - EARL 169, 170, 171, 173 and 174. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 175",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-175",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-175.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000963",
    "code": "EARL 178",
    "title": "Out of School Prog Midl Schl Yth",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Skills and knowledge for staff working with, or intending to work with, middle school aged youth in out of school programs; developmental needs, program implementation strategies, planning and working with parents. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 178",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-178",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-178.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000964",
    "code": "EARL 201",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 201",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-201",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-201.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000965",
    "code": "EARL 202",
    "title": "Society and the Child",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn the role of families, communities and culture in the development of children aged birth to eight. Dominant theories of children's social-emotional development, pro-social behavior and conflict resolution, crises in children's lives, and developmentally appropriate responses are introduced. Family communication and support, cultural competence, the importance of inclusive teaching practices, and respect for diversity are themes. Child and Family Study project is required. Pre- or coreq. - EARL 109. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 202",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-202",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-202.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000966",
    "code": "EARL 202G",
    "title": "Society and the Child",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The influence of family, culture, and society on children's development. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 202G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-202g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-202g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000967",
    "code": "EARL 208",
    "title": "Math in Early Childhood",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students learn theories and stages of cognitive development within the context of cultural, linguistic, and ability diversity. They learn about children’s use of math as a<span> </span></span><span>language to represent, construct, problem-solve and reason within the Art as a Way of Learning (AWL) framework. Students create and implement standards-based math learning experiences and environments using<span> </span></span><span>evidence based</span><span><span> </span>practices, including Universal Design for Learning. Students assess children’s learning and build reciprocal partnerships with families and professionals; they use community resources to support children’s growth and development. Weekly field experience hours are required outside of class time. To meet Pennsylvania department of education guidelines, students must have completed clearance paperwork on file with the department. Prereq.-EARL 106 and EARL 107, both with C or better.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EARL106",
      "EARL107"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 208",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-208",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-208.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000968",
    "code": "EARL 212",
    "title": "Early Childhood Language & Lit.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 212",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-212.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000969",
    "code": "EARL 215",
    "title": "Early Childhood Science and Math",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn developmental theories and milestones of logical mathematical and scientific thinking in children aged birth to eight, math as a language children use to present, express and construct, and science as inquiry for learning about the physical and natural world. Standards-based science and math curriculum including universally designed aesthetic environments, and collaboration with families and community science organizations are studied. Students apply learning in 10 weekly field experiences (labs). Pre- or coreq. - EARL 109. Also available through Online Learning. Additional course fee: $10.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 215",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-215.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000970",
    "code": "EARL 216",
    "title": "Language and Literacy in Early Childhood",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students learn literacy standards and stages of children’s language development within the context of cultural, linguistic and ability diversity. They learn about children’s use of language for representing and constructing meaning within the Art as a Way of Learning (AWL) framework. Students create and implement standards-based literacy learning experiences and environments using<span> </span></span><span>evidence based</span><span><span> </span>practices emphasizing Universal Design for Learning. Students assess children’s learning and build reciprocal partnerships with families and professionals; they use community resources to support children’s language and literacy growth and development. Weekly field experience hours are required outside of class time. To meet Pennsylvania department of education guidelines, students must have completed clearance paperwork on file with the department.</span></span><span> Prereq.-EARL 106 and EARL 107 with C or better.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EARL106",
      "EARL107"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 216",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-216.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000971",
    "code": "EARL 217",
    "title": "Child, Family and Community",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students learn about the role of families, communities, and culture in the development of children from 0 to age 9 in the context of CLAD (Culture, Language and Ability Diversity). They examine family systems theory and children’s social emotional development. Educational issues related to diversity, equity, and inclusion are integrated across the course with an emphasis on the need to build family relationships and community connections. Students are introduced to sources of<span> </span></span><span>evidence based</span><span><span> </span>practice to advocate for all children and families. Includes the development of professional competencies related to teaching English Language Learners (ELL). To meet Pennsylvania department of education guidelines, students must have completed clearance paperwork on file with the department. Successful completion of EARL 107 is recommended</span><span>.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EARL106"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 217",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-217.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000972",
    "code": "EARL 218",
    "title": "Science in Early Childhood",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students learn about the development of children&#39;s scientific thinking through the lens of cultural, linguistic, and ability diverse contexts. They learn that science is the study of the physical and natural world through observation and experimentation within the Art as a Way of Learning (AWL) framework. Students create and implement standards-based science learning experiences and environments using<span> </span></span><span>evidence based</span><span><span> </span>practice, including Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Students assess children&#39;s learning and build reciprocal partnerships with families and professionals; they use community resources to support children&#39;s scientific thinking. Weekly field experience hours are required outside of class time. To meet Pennsylvania department of education guidelines, students must have completed clearance paperwork on file with the department.</span></span><span> Prereq.-EARL 106 and EARL 107, both with C or better.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EARL106",
      "EARL107"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 218",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-218",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-218.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000973",
    "code": "EARL 220",
    "title": "Infant/Toddler Care & Education",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn developmental theories and milestones of children aged birth to three. Standards-based infant/toddler curriculum; preparation of healthy, safe, universally designed aesthetic environments; and collaboration with families are studied. Students apply learning in 10 weekly field experiences (labs). Pre- or coreq. - EARL 109. Also available through Online Learning. Additional course fee: $10.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 220",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-220",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-220.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000974",
    "code": "EARL 221",
    "title": "Cultural & Linguistic Diversity in Early Childhood",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn and apply evidence-based practices to support children (birth through five) who are culturally and linguistically diverse. They learn multiple perspectives and responsive practices, including global contexts, to support the development and full participation of each child. Students apply evidence-based practices, including Universal Design for Learning (UDL), in designing environments and creating experiences for each child. Students explain and analyze the benefits of positive reciprocal partnerships with families and professionals in all early childhood settings. They identify resources that serve children who are culturally and linguistically diverse and their families. This course is designed for early childhood education professionals in the field who have previous early childhood coursework and/or work experience. Child Abuse Registry, Criminal Background Check, and FBI clearances are required. Some field site assignments are embedded in the course. Also available online. This course is not applicable to any associate degree, certificate, or diploma.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 221",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-221",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-221.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000975",
    "code": "EARL 222",
    "title": "Supporting Young Learners of Diverse Abilities",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn about and apply evidence-based practices to support each young child's diverse abilities (birth through five). They examine family centered approaches that encourage the development and full participation of each child by building a sequence of supports and services. Students understand evidence-based practices for referral, assessment, and development of individualized plans. Students explain and analyze how reciprocal partnerships with family members and professionals support the full potential of children with diverse abilities in home, program, and community settings. They identify community resources that can support children of diverse abilities and their families. This course is designed for early childhood education professionals in the field who have previous early childhood coursework and/or work experience. Child Abuse Registry, Criminal Background Check, and FBI clearances are required. Up to 10 hours of field site assignments are embedded in the course. Also available online. This course is not applicable to any associate degree, certificate, or diploma.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 222",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-222",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-222.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000976",
    "code": "EARL 231",
    "title": "Org and Administration Early Child Progrm",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Application of child development knowledge, state regulations and national standards to organization and administration of high quality early childhood programs; to collaborate with families, school districts and communities and to engage in strategic planning. Designed for current and future directors of child care/child development centers, Head Start programs and community-based pre-kindergarten and kindergarten programs. Prereq. - 15 credits in Early Childhood Education or departmental approval. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 231",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-231",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-231.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000977",
    "code": "EARL 232",
    "title": "Leadership Sem in Early Child Ed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Focus on program director's leadership role in creating environment that supports professionalism, ethics, advocacy, strategic planning, and leadership development for self, staff, and board members. Survey of current issues, trends, problems, and resources related to education and care of young children. Designed for current and future directors and owners of community child care/child development programs, Head Start programs, and pre-kindergarten programs. Prereq. - 15 credits in Early Childhood Education/Child Development, or department approval. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 232",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-232",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-232.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000978",
    "code": "EARL 233",
    "title": "The Business of Early Learning& School-Age Programs",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to business practices unique to Directors running early learning/school-age programs. Content includes fiscal management, budgets and accoutning, as well as insurance, risk management, marketing, sales, data management and technology use, strategic planning, grant writing and human resources. This course is designed to specifically meet the needs of students seeking the Director's Credential from the Pennsylvania Keys. Prereq. - 15 credits in Early Childhood Education or departmental approval. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 233",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-233",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-233.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000979",
    "code": "EARL 243",
    "title": "Child and Family Connections",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students learn the role of families, communities, and culture in the development of children from 0 to age 9 in the context of CLAD (Cultural, Language and Ability Diversity). Students will examine theories of family systems and children&#39;s social emotional development. Students study cultural competence and inclusive practices to build relationships with families and other professionals. They use evidence-based practices to collaborate with and advocate for all children and families. Includes the development of professional competencies related to teaching English Language Learners (ELL). DHS OCDEL CPSL requirements verified in EARL 101. This course provides students with 40 hours of training and resource collection items to create the portfolio required by the council for professional recognition to apply for the Child Development Associate Credential.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 243",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-243",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-243.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000980",
    "code": "EARL 244",
    "title": "Early Childhood Profession",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students use<span> </span></span><span>evidence based</span><span><span> </span>knowledge to learn about their role as professionals to become informed advocates for all children, their families, and for sound, equitable educational practices and policies. Historical perspectives of the early childhood profession and how they influence current trends and curriculum models are analyzed. NAEYC, CEC, and DEC Position Statements and Codes of Ethics are used to examine ethical dilemmas including those related to cultural, linguistic, and ability diversity. Professional competencies related to legal responsibilities, teaching models, and professional resources for English Language Learners (ELL) are explored.</span></span><span> Prereq.-EARL 106 and EARL 107, both with C or better.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EARL106",
      "EARL217"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 244",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-244",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-244.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000981",
    "code": "EARL 254",
    "title": "Internship",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Interns apply their knowledge about children's development; partner with families and communities; observe and assess children's learning; develop and implement curriculum, universally designed aesthetic environments, and learning experiences that support and inspire all children; and ethical guidelines and professional standards. Six hours a week of field experiences implementing assignments in an early childhood setting in collaboration with a cooperating teacher, and a 1 hour weekly seminar are required. Prereq.- EARL 105, 109, 112, 122, 202, 215, 220 all with a grade of C or better. Also available through Online Learning. Additional course fee: $10.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 254",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-254",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-254.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000982",
    "code": "EARL 255",
    "title": "Becoming a Professional in Early Childhood Education",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students use evidence-based knowledge to learn about their role as professionals to become informed advocates for all children, and&nbsp;their families, and for sound, equitable educational practices and policies.&nbsp; Historical perspectives of the early childhood profession and how they influence current trends and curriculum models are analyzed. NAEYC, CEC, and DEC Position Statements and Codes of Ethics are used to examine ethical dilemmas including those related to cultural, linguistic, and ability diversity. Professional competencies related to legal responsibilities, teaching models, and professional resources for&nbsp;English Language Learners&nbsp;(ELL)&nbsp;are explored. &nbsp;This course provides students with 40 hours of training and resource collection items to create the portfolio required by the council for professional recognition to apply for the Child Development Associate Credential.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 255",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-255",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-255.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000983",
    "code": "EARL 256",
    "title": "Internship",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Interns apply and synthesize their knowledge about children's development; partner with families and communities; observe and assess children's learning; develop and implement curriculum, universally designed aesthetic environments, and learning experiences that facilitate inclusive practices; and ethical guidelines and professional standards. Students implement assignments in collaboration with a cooperating teacher. Thirteen hours working with children and a 2-hour seminar are required weekly. An Action Research Project and Program Assessment Portfolio are also required. Prereq.- EARL 105, 109, 112, 122, 202, 215, 220 all with a grade of C or better. Also available through Online Learning. Additional course fee: $10.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 256",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-256",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-256.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000984",
    "code": "EARL 256G",
    "title": "Internship",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Fifteen hours per week of supervised work with young children in preschool classroom. Involvement in the role of teacher and of assistant. Prereq. - EARL 105, 109, 112, 122, 202, 215, 220 all with a grade of 'C' or better, ENGL 101C. Additional course fees: $60.00. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 256G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-256g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-256g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000985",
    "code": "EARL 260",
    "title": "Internship",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "Eighteen hours per week of supervised work with young children in preschool classroom. Involvement in the role of teaching and of assistant. Prereq. û Consent of the department based on criteria approved by the Academic Standards Committee. For students enrolled in the A.A.S. program prior to Fall 1993.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 260",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-260",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-260.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000986",
    "code": "EARL 263G",
    "title": "Internship-Early Childhood",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students apply, analyze, and synthesize their knowledge of children&#39;s development and learning within the context of culture language, and ability diversity. They create and implement responsive, standards-based learning experiences and aesthetic environments that integrate all curricular areas within the Art as a Way of Learning (AWL) framework. Students use<span> </span></span><span>evidence based</span><span><span> </span>approaches to teaching and learning, including Universal Design for Learning (UDL). Students engage in action research to seek answers to questions and inform decisions and practices. Students assess children&#39;s learning and build reciprocal partnerships with families and professionals; they use community resources to support<span> </span></span><span>each and every</span><span><span> </span>child&#39;s optimal growth and development. 150 hours of field experience required. Students must renew PDE paperwork to be eligible for internship placements.</span></span><span> Prereq.-EARL 106, EARL 107, EARL 126, EARL 128, EARL 208, EARL 216, EARL 217, all with C or better and ENGL 101.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EARL106",
      "EARL107",
      "EARL126",
      "EARL128",
      "EARL208",
      "EARL216",
      "EARL217",
      "ENGL101",
      "EARL218",
      "EARL244"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 263G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-263g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-263g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000987",
    "code": "EARL 275",
    "title": "Early Childhood Professional",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students learn regulations, public policies, professional standard, and ethical guidelines for the early childhood profession. The NAEYC Code of Ethics is used to analyze ethical dilemmas. Professional communication, self-assessment and advocacy for one's own personal and professional growth is a theme. An advocacy project that explores the role of the teacher as advocate for children, families, and best educational practices is required. Prereq.- EARL 109 and one other 3 credit EARL course. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 275",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-275",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-275.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000988",
    "code": "EARL 293",
    "title": "Spcl Studies-Earl Childhood Ed",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "See statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 293",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-293",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-293.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000989",
    "code": "EARL 400",
    "title": "Child Care Applications",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 400",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-400",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-400.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000990",
    "code": "EARL 401",
    "title": "Early Childhood Seminar",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 401",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-401",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-401.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000991",
    "code": "EARL 402",
    "title": "Childrens Music",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 402",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-402",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-402.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000992",
    "code": "EARL 403",
    "title": "Childrens Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 403",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-403",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-403.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000993",
    "code": "EARL 404",
    "title": "Child Care Applications",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 404",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-404",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-404.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000994",
    "code": "EARL 405",
    "title": "Creative Experiences",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 405",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-405",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-405.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000995",
    "code": "EARL 406",
    "title": "Observation & Guidance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 406",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-406",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-406.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000996",
    "code": "EARL 409",
    "title": "Observation and Guidance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 409",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-409",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-409.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000997",
    "code": "EARL 415",
    "title": "Child Care in a Home Setting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 415",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-415",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-415.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000998",
    "code": "EARL 420",
    "title": "Peer Interactional Dynamics",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 420",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-420",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-420.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-000999",
    "code": "EARL 421",
    "title": "Learning Disabilities in Childrn",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 421",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-421",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-421.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001000",
    "code": "EARL 422",
    "title": "Language & Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 422",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-422",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-422.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001001",
    "code": "EARL 451",
    "title": "The Child in His Family",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EARL 451",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-451",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/earl-451.md"
  },
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    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course emphasizes the adolescent as a student and a learner in today’s inclusive classroom. Content includes an overview of the major concepts, principles, theories, and research related to adolescent cognitive, social, sexual, emotional, and moral development. Attention to cultural competence, teaching diverse students and issues of equity are included. Strategies for teaching English Language Learners (ELL) comprise 15 hours of course content. Field<span> </span></span><span>experiences</span><span><span> </span>outside of class<span> </span></span><span>are</span><span><span> </span>required. Per Pennsylvania Department of Education requirements, students must have current clearance paperwork on file with department.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101",
      "EDUC115"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EDUC 260G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001047",
    "code": "EDUC 411",
    "title": "Literacy Corps Training",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EDUC 411",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/educ-411.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001048",
    "code": "EDUC 493",
    "title": "Spcl Study Educ: Lit Corps Trn",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EDUC 493",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/educ-493.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001049",
    "code": "ELEC 101",
    "title": "DC Circuit Analysis",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course<span> </span></span><span>provides an introduction to</span><span><span> </span>the fundamentals of direct circuit theory including definitions of voltage, current, resistance, power and energy; Ohm&#39;s and Kirchhoff&#39;s laws; and series-parallel circuit analysis. Circuits with multiple power sources (voltage and current) will be analyzed using branch current, node analysis, mesh/loop analysis and superposition. Thevenin and Norton analysis techniques will be reviewed as well as the concept of maximum power transfer. Lab projects emphasize the basic electrical instrumentation such as: voltmeters, ammeters, and ohmmeters, as well as breadboarding and debugging of simple DC circuits.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MATH026",
      "MATH028"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 101",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001050",
    "code": "ELEC 115",
    "title": "DC Circuit Analysis",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "DC circuit theory; definition of voltage, current, resistance and power; Ohm's and Kirchhoff's laws; basic circuit analysis using series, parallel, and series-parallel circuit theory; network theorems including superposition and Thevenizing; mathematical solutions using branch, mesh, and nodal analysis; lab work emphasizing schematic reading, equipment operation, data taking, and reporting. Prereq. - MATH 026 or 028 or pre- or coreq.- MATH 041.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 115",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-115.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001051",
    "code": "ELEC 116",
    "title": "AC Circuit Analysis",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Continuation of passive circuits from ELEC 115. Series-parallel analysis skills refined and higher-level circuit theorems and analysis introduced; DC response of resistors, capacitors, and inductors with emphasis on application; typical RC, RL, and RLC configurations and their frequency response characteristics. Lab work emphasizes the refining of equipment handling, data taking, and interpretation skills. Circuit solution software introduced. Prereq. û ELEC 115 and recommended co- or prereq. MATH 145.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 116",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-116.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001052",
    "code": "ELEC 121",
    "title": "Technical Computer Applications",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Application of computer tools essential for success in electronics technology. Use of multiSIM schematic capture software to produce machine-drawn circuit diagrams. Computer image manipulation and use of Analysis ToolPak for date reporting (tables, graphs, and statistics.) Documentation standards will be stressed throughout the course. Prereq.- Navigational and file management in the Windows environment.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 121",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-121.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001053",
    "code": "ELEC 126",
    "title": "Digital Electronics I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This introductory course in digital electronics covers topics such as number systems, combinational logic circuits, Boolean theorems, flip-flops, counters, arithmetic circuits, display interface, and data storage and transfer. Labs emphasize the use of specifications in prototyping and troubleshooting discrete component digital circuits. Schematic capture software is used to simulate and simplify circuits.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELEC101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 126",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-126.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001054",
    "code": "ELEC 130",
    "title": "PC Support and Troubleshooting",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Students will gain a complete, step-by-step approach for learning the fundamentals of supporting and troubleshooting desktop hardware and software. This course maps fully to CompTIA's latest A+ Exam objectives.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 130",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001055",
    "code": "ELEC 131",
    "title": "Intro to Networking Hardware",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Companion course to ELEC 130 to give a jump-start to students who already grasp the general concepts of PC repair and troubleshooting, but would like to focus attention in starting toward NET+ certification studies and an introduction to networking hardware components and the OSI model; networking equipment includes NICs, hubs, switches, routers and cabling, along with network topologies and the OSI model. Pre- or coreq- ELEC 130.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 131",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-131.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001056",
    "code": "ELEC 151",
    "title": "AC/DC Circuit Analysis",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course is a continuation from Circuits I and it covers AC circuit theory including definitions of capacitive and inductive components (and transient analysis), sinusoidal excitation of AC circuits, AC reactance, and phasors. The class will provide the mathematics background to solve problems using imaginary numbers, complex simultaneous equations, and rectangular-to-polar conversions. Students will use their DC Circuits knowledge (and analysis techniques) to solve AC equations and report the information using appropriate terminology.<span> </span></span></span><span><span>Lab projects emphasize the basic electrical instrumentation such as</span></span><span><span>: oscilloscopes and function generators, as well as breadboarding and debugging of AC circuits.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELEC101",
      "MATH140"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 151",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-151.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001057",
    "code": "ELEC 155",
    "title": "Intro to Solid State Devices",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This is an introductory project course in circuit prototyping. Solid state devices such as diodes, transistors, and voltage regulators are introduced. Emphasis is on basic component characteristics and analysis in the context of a power supply circuit. Lab emphasizes component specifications and typical circuit configurations. The project introduces circuit board layout and wiring, chassis wiring and harnessing, and other fabrication techniques. Prereq.- ELEC 101; Pre- or coreq.- EMEC 115. Offered spring semester only. Additional course fees $75.00.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELEC101",
      "EMEC115"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 155",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-155.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001058",
    "code": "ELEC 161",
    "title": "Electronics Soldering",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Theoretical understanding and hands-on experience in the soldering of electronic assemblies; materials management, soldering processes and techniques, cleaning processes and techniques, desoldering processes and techniques, the application of workman ship standards; materials and processes to perform cause and effect analysis; laboratory exercises to provide hands-on experience hand soldering through hole and surface mount assemblies, inspecting product for adherence to workmanship standards, and removing and replacing defective components.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 161",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-161.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001059",
    "code": "ELEC 162",
    "title": "Electronics Assembly & Soldering",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Assembly and soldering of electronic circuits; materials, soldering and cleaning processes, workmanship standards, best practices, wave soldering and reflow soldering; lab experiences in hand soldering through-hole and surface mount assemblies, inspection and component replacement.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 162",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-162.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001060",
    "code": "ELEC 177",
    "title": "Electronics Manufacturing I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This is a course on the assembly and soldering of electronic circuits. Topics include applied chemistry and safety of materials, soldering processes, workmanship standards, and best practices. Lab work provides experience in hand soldering through-hole and surface mount assemblies, inspection and component replacement. Students who successfully pass the IPC-A-610 and J-STD-001 testing receive industry certification in both areas, valid for two years. Offered fall semester only. Additional course fees $50.00.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 177",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-177.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001061",
    "code": "ELEC 201",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 201",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-201.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001062",
    "code": "ELEC 202",
    "title": "Solid State Devices & Circuits",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "First course in solid-state electronics; physical concepts of n-type and p-type semiconductors, diodes with emphasis on power supply circuits, and bipolar-junction transistors used as switches and linear amplifiers; labs emphasize circuit analysis, prototyping, troubleshooting, interpreting specifications, use of a lab notebook, and use of test equipment; completion of a large-scale project including procuring parts, creating a bill of materials and schematic, breadboarding, testing, and hard-wiring. Prereq. - ELEC 115 and basic proficiency in word processing and spreadsheet applications; Pre- or coreq.- ELEC 116. To be deleted effective 2004/05.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 202",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-202.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001063",
    "code": "ELEC 207",
    "title": "Solid State Circuits",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<div><p><span><span>This is the first of a two-course sequence in linear electronics. The course provides background on the basic operating characteristics of key semiconductor devices (diodes, transistors, FETs, opto-isolators,<span> </span></span><span>OpAmps</span><span>, 555 Timers and voltage regulators); however, the emphasis is on the operation, analysis, selection, test and design of modern electronic circuits and systems.</span></span><span> </span></p></div><div><p><span> </span></p></div><div><p><span><span>Topics to be covered in this course<span> </span></span><span>include:</span><span><span> </span>Rectifier circuits – Transistor switching circuits – Open and closed-loop amplifier operation and feedback concepts – Inverting, non-inverting, differential, and instrumentation amplifiers – Rectifier and regulator circuits. Lab work will include projects that utilize oscilloscopes and functions generators as well as S/W simulation tools.</span></span><span> </span><span> </span></p></div>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELEC155"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 207",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-207",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-207.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001064",
    "code": "ELEC 208",
    "title": "Digital Electronics II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This second course in digital electronics includes a thorough review of basic digital concepts- combinatorial and sequential logic, and memory devices. The fundamentals of programmable logic devices (PLDs) are introduced through the use of a CAD software that provides a design suite for programming a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Labs emphasize a combination of skills- analysis, prototyping, troubleshooting, design, simulation, and programming digital circuits. Offered fall semester only. Prereq. - ELEC126. Additional course fees $25.00",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELEC126"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 208",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-208",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-208.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001065",
    "code": "ELEC 211",
    "title": "Mat'l, Safety & Equip - Nanofabr",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will provide an overview of basic nanofabrication processing equipment and materials handling procedures. The focus is on procedural, safety, environment, and health issues in equipment operation and materials handling. Emphasis is on using state-of-the-industry processing equipment in the Nano-fabrication Facility cleanrooms. Prereq. û first year of Electronics Technology program or equivalent. Offered at the Nano-fabrication facility of Pennsylvania State University, main campus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 211",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-211",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-211.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001066",
    "code": "ELEC 212",
    "title": "Basic Nanofabrication Processes",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course will provide an overview of basic processing steps in nanofabrication. A step-by-step description of the equipment and processes needed to fabricate devices and structures will be examined for microelectromechanical (MEM) devices, biomedical 'lab-on-chip' structures, display devices, and microelectronic devices including the diode, transistor, and full CMOS structures. Students will undertake 'hands-on' processing. Prereq. û first year of Electronics Technology program or equivalent. Offered at the Nanofabrication facility of Pennsylvania State University, main campus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 212",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-212",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-212.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001067",
    "code": "ELEC 213",
    "title": "Thin Films in Nanofabrication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will cover thin film deposition and etching practices in nanofabrication. The purpose is to develop a full understanding of the use of, and the processing involved in, thin film materials in nanofabrication. The emphasis is on learning with and using state-of-the-art processing equipment in the Nanofabrication Facility cleanrooms. Prereq. û first year of Electronics Technology program or equivalent. Offered at the Nanofabrication facility of Pennsylvania State University, main campus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 213",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-213",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-213.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001068",
    "code": "ELEC 214",
    "title": "Lithography for Nanofabrication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Lithography is a key part of the nanofabrication equipment, processing, and materials base. This course will cover all aspects of lithography from design and mask fabrication to pattern transfer and inspection. Emphasis will be on using state-of-the-art lithography equipment in the Nanofabrication Facility cleanrooms. Prereq. û first year of Electronics Technology program or equivalent. Offered at the Nanofabrication facility of Pennsylvania State University, main campus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 214",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-214.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001069",
    "code": "ELEC 215",
    "title": "Mat'l Modification in Nanofabric",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will cover in detail the processing steps used in modifying material properties in nanofabrication. The purpose is to provide hands-on experience across the spectrum of materials modification techniques used in nanofabrication. The emphasis is on learning and using state-of-the-art materials-modification equipment in the Nanofabrica-tion Facility cleanrooms. Prereq. û first year of Electronics Technology program or equivalent. Offered at the Nanofabrication facility of Pennsylvania State University, main campus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 215",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-215",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-215.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001070",
    "code": "ELEC 216",
    "title": "Char Pkging Tstng Nanofab Struct",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will examine a variety of techniques and measurements essential for controlling device fabrication and final packaging. The emphasis will be learning with and using state-of-the-art-processing equipment in the Nanofabrication Facility cleanrooms. Prereq. û first year of Electronics Technology program or equivalent. Offered at the Nanofabrication facility of Pennsylvania State University, main campus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 216",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-216",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-216.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001071",
    "code": "ELEC 220",
    "title": "Project I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Student works on an electronic prototype of own choice; project breadboarded to test, hardwired, and packaged; parts pricing and procurement, generating a formal bill of materials, systematic circuit construction and test, circuit analysis, troubleshooting, technical writing and record keeping. Only one of the following û ELEC 220, ENGG 220, or WELD 220 û may be applied to graduation. Prereqs. û ELEC 126 and 202 or permission of the instructor.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 220",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-220",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-220.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001072",
    "code": "ELEC 221",
    "title": "Electronics Manufacturing Wrkshp",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Overall manufacturing process, emphasizing the interaction of all phases in the production process: machine and materials inspection, automated assembly, machine function and operation, manual and mechanical assembly, inspection, manual test and audit. Labs with industry standard equipment, problem solving exercises, and visits to local electronic manufacturing facilities. Pre- or coreq. - ELEC 115 or permission of the instructor.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 221",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-221",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-221.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001073",
    "code": "ELEC 222",
    "title": "Electronics Manufacturing II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Overall manufacturing process studied in a team-based project environment; interaction of all phases in the production process; statistical process control and problem solving tools following the process from raw materials through manual/automated assembly, automated soldering, inspection, manual test and audit of the electro-mechanical product; knowledge and skills applied to completing team project assignments. Prereq. - ELEC 177. Additional course fees: $95.00.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 222",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-222",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-222.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001074",
    "code": "ELEC 226",
    "title": "Microprocessors I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course introduces microprocessor and microcontroller systems including architecture, memory and input/output (I/O) interfacing. Topics to be covered in this course include: ‘C’ language programming, interrupts, interfacing peripherals, and applications. Students interpret, verify, and troubleshoot fundamental microprocessor circuits and programs as well as learn to use Visual Studio to compose and debug ‘C’ applications.<span> </span></span></span><span><span>Lab projects in the course include<span> </span></span></span><span><span>the o</span><span>peration of compilers, debuggers and IDE’s.</span></span><span><span> </span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELEC208"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 226",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-226.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001075",
    "code": "ELEC 230",
    "title": "Team Project",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "In this capstone course, students work to integrate concepts and skills learned throughout the electronics program. Student design teams prototype an electromechanical system to meet specified guidelines. Emphasis is on effective teamwork, technical research, problem solving within engineering constraints, prototyping, and record keeping/reporting. Offered spring semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELEC177",
      "ELEC232",
      "ELEC226",
      "ENGL151"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 230",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-230.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001076",
    "code": "ELEC 231",
    "title": "Data Communication and LANS",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 231",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-231",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-231.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001077",
    "code": "ELEC 232",
    "title": "Linear Integrated Circuits",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is the second in a two-course sequence in linear electronics covering field-effect transistors in switch and small-signal amplifier applications, a comparison of FETs to BJTs, thyristors, IC fabrication, op-amps in linear and non-linear applications, and voltage regulators. Labs emphasize prototyping, simulating, troubleshooting, and interpretation of procedure and manufacturer specifications. Prereq. - ELEC 207. Offered spring semester only. Additional course fees $25.00.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELEC207"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 232",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-232",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/elec-232.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001078",
    "code": "ELEC 235",
    "title": "Industrial Electronics",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "ELEC 281",
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    "code": "ELEC 283",
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    "title": "Independent Electronics Study",
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    "code": "ELEC 291",
    "title": "Spcl Studies in Electronic Tech",
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    "hours": 1,
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    "code": "ELEC 292",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "See Statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand.",
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    "id": "northampton-001099",
    "code": "ELEC 401",
    "title": "DC Circuits",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-001100",
    "code": "ELEC 402",
    "title": "Electric Circuits",
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    "hours": 7,
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    "code": "ELEC 405",
    "title": "DC Circuits",
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    "description": null,
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    "code": "ELEC 406",
    "title": "DC Circuits",
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    "code": "ELEC 415",
    "title": "Circuit Analysis I",
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    "code": "ELEC 421",
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    "code": "ELEC 451",
    "title": "AC Circuits",
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    "code": "ELEC 452",
    "title": "Basic Electronics",
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    "code": "ELEC 453",
    "title": "Introduction to Electronics",
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    "id": "northampton-001109",
    "code": "ELEC 461",
    "title": "Electronics Soldering",
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    "code": "ELEC 492",
    "title": "Spcl Studies in Electronic Tech",
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    "description": null,
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001111",
    "code": "ELEC 493",
    "title": "Spcl Studies in Electronic Tech",
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    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-001112",
    "code": "ELEC 502",
    "title": "Solid State Devices & Circuits",
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    "code": "ELEC 503",
    "title": "Electronic Devices & Circuits",
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    "code": "ELEC 504",
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    "id": "northampton-001115",
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    "title": "********************************",
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    "id": "northampton-001116",
    "code": "ELEC 510",
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    "code": "ELEC 512",
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    "id": "northampton-001118",
    "code": "ELEC 521",
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    "id": "northampton-001119",
    "code": "ELEC 522",
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    "code": "ELEC 523",
    "title": "Elec Instru & Measures",
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    "code": "ELEC 549",
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    "code": "ELEC 553",
    "title": "Process Instrumentation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-001125",
    "code": "ELEC 554",
    "title": "Pulse Circuits",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "ELEC 555",
    "title": "Electronic Projects",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "ELEC 556",
    "title": "Integrated Circuits",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "ELEC 557",
    "title": "Electronics Project",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-001129",
    "code": "ELEC 558",
    "title": "Industrial Circuits",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-001130",
    "code": "ELEC 559",
    "title": "Digital Electronics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 559",
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    "code": "ELEC 571",
    "title": "Auto & Electronic Control",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "ELEC 572",
    "title": "Electrical Power Project",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-001133",
    "code": "ELEC 573",
    "title": "Power Distribution II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 573",
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    "id": "northampton-001134",
    "code": "ELEC 574",
    "title": "Control Of Electrical Motors",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 574",
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    "id": "northampton-001135",
    "code": "ELEC 575",
    "title": "Microprocessors I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 575",
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    "id": "northampton-001136",
    "code": "ELEC 580",
    "title": "Industrial Electr & PLCs",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 580",
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    "id": "northampton-001137",
    "code": "ELEC 581",
    "title": "Microprocessors II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 581",
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    "code": "ELEC 582",
    "title": "Microprcessor Interfacing Tech",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-001139",
    "code": "ELEC 585",
    "title": "Independent Electronics Study",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 585",
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    "id": "northampton-001140",
    "code": "ELEC 586",
    "title": "Digital & Microproc Trblshootg",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELEC 586",
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    "code": "ELTC 101",
    "title": "Electrical Fundamentals",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "ELTC 107",
    "title": "Electrical Wiring I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an introduction to the practices of electrical wiring with a focus on residential single and multi-family dwellings. Covers project planning, materials calculation, and National Electrical Code based installation and wiring practices. Formerly ELTC 807. Prereq.- EMEC 101. Additional course fees $20.00.</p>",
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    "code": "ELTC 109",
    "title": "Electrical Wiring II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Practices of electrical wiring with a focus on commercial buildings; project planning, materials calculation, and NEC-based installation and wiring practices. Formerly ELTC 809. Coreq. - ELTC 107. Additional course fees $20.00.</p>",
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    "code": "ELTC 110",
    "title": "Electrical Construction Technology I",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "<p>An introduction to electrical construction for the apprentice. Covers electrical fundamentals of circuit operation, electrical/electronic devices, calculation for series/parallel circuits, single-phase three wire system, overcurrent and ground fault devices, electrical generation, print reading and introduction to the National Electrical Code. Emphasis on worker safety and proper tool useage.</p>",
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    "code": "ELTC 111",
    "title": "Electrical Code",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Interpretation and application of the current release of the National Electrical Code; branch and feeder circuits, service entrances, switches, switch boards and panel boards, general equipment, and motor circuits. Formerly ELTC 811.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 111",
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    "code": "ELTC 120",
    "title": "Electrical Construction Tech II",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Covers guidelines to interpret the NEC, using multimeters and oscilloscopes, three-phase circuits, DC and AC generators, capacitors, diodes and rectifiers, analysis and layout of residential circuits, and advanced conduit bending. Prereq. - ELTC 110.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 120",
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    "code": "ELTC 130",
    "title": "Introduction to Sustainable Energy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the concepts, challenges and potential solutions to globally sustainable energy. The interplay of energy efficiency, universal access, and renewable energy sources used in achieving this goal are examined and discussed. Emphasis is placed on energy conversion fundamentals, data driven analysis and real world examples. Wind, solar, hydro, geothermal, and biomass energy sources are analyzed and compared.",
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    "code": "ELTC 135",
    "title": "Electrical Motors and Controls",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "ELTC 211",
    "title": "National Electrical Code",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Preparation for the Masters License Examination including interpretation and application of the current release of the National Electrical Code. Covers calculations; branch and feeder circuits; service entrances; switches, switch boards and panel boards; general equipment; motor circuits, transformers, and welders. Prereq.- ELTC 109 or permission of instructor.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 211",
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    "code": "ELTC 222",
    "title": "Solar Photovoltaic Systems I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 222",
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    "id": "northampton-001151",
    "code": "ELTC 230",
    "title": "Electrical Construction Tech III",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Covers the basic application of mathematical analysis to solve AC/DC circuit problems, series and parallel resonance, control print reading, basic discrete solid state devices with amplifier and control applications, grounding and bonding equipment and systems, and overcurrent protection devices. Prereq. - ELTC 120.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 230",
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    "id": "northampton-001152",
    "code": "ELTC 240",
    "title": "Electrical Construction Tech IV",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Covers lightning protection, introduction to optoelectronics, AC and DC motor construction, operation and installation, AC and DC motor controls, drives and clutches, introduction to Boolean algebra, logic gates and digital circuits, AC and DC drives, PLC basics, air conditioning and refrigeration basics, and conductor and motor sizing. Prereq. - ELTC 230.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 240",
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    "code": "ELTC 250",
    "title": "Electrical Construction Tech V",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Covers operating principles and maintenance of alarm systems, instrumentation, instrumentation control devices, and security systems; installation of telephone and cable wiring; fundamentals of solar power systems; locating cable faults; high voltage testing; NEC calculations and competency examination preparation. Prereq. - ELTC240.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 250",
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    "id": "northampton-001154",
    "code": "ELTC 260G",
    "title": "Elec Construction Practicum",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Work experience at an approved electrical contracting firm providing exposure to low and mid-level positions. Writing and presenting research, and analysis of a complete electrical installation project. The tasks will be consistent with the course work of the preceding semester. Prereq.- completion of the first three semester technical courses in the Electrical Construction Technology degree program.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 260G",
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    "id": "northampton-001155",
    "code": "ELTC 265",
    "title": "Electrical Cabling Systems I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the design, installation and application of low voltage wiring systems used in both residential and light commercial settings. National Electrical Code class 1, 2 and 3 circuits are discussed along with the applicable NEC Articles governing installation standards. Basic home computer networking protocols, security / video surveillance systems, and lighting control systems are all examined in this introductory course. Additional Course fees $30.00.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 265",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-265",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001156",
    "code": "ELTC 801",
    "title": "Electrical Basics(Not applicable to a degree)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Fundamentals of electricity including safety; alternating and direct current theory; relationship of voltage, current, resistance, and power; basic component and circuit operation; measurement; symbols and diagrams. Pre- or coreq. - MFAB 805.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 801",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-801",
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    "id": "northampton-001157",
    "code": "ELTC 803",
    "title": "Electrical Controls & Distributn",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Operating concepts and applications of common industrial motors and their methods of control; distribution transformers and systems; protective circuits; sensors, actuators, transducers, and solid state devices used in industrial control; extensive practice in systems wiring and troubleshooting methods. Prereq. - ELTC 801.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 803",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-803",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-803.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001158",
    "code": "ELTC 805",
    "title": "Computers for Electrical Techs",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Use of personal computer with specific application to programming and troubleshooting programmable logic controllers; familiarization with the components, keyboarding, and Windows NT 4.0 navigation related to industrial control situations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 805",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-805",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-805.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001159",
    "code": "ELTC 807",
    "title": "Electrical Wiring I(Not applicable to a degree)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Practices of electrical wiring with a focus on residential single and multi-family dwellings; project planning, materials calculation, and NEC-based installation and wiring practices. Prereq. û ELTC 801 and MFAB 805.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 807",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-807",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-807.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001160",
    "code": "ELTC 809",
    "title": "Electrical Wiring II(Not applicable to a degree)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Practices of electrical wiring with a focus on commercial buildings; project planning, materials calculation, and NEC-based installation and wiring practices. Prereq. û ELTC 807.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 809",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-809",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-809.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001161",
    "code": "ELTC 811",
    "title": "Electrical Code(Not applicable to a degree)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Interpretation and application of the current release of the National Electrical Code; branch and feeder circuits, service entrances, switches, switch boards and panel boards, general equipment, and motor circuits.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 811",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-811",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-811.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001162",
    "code": "ELTC 820",
    "title": "Industrial Sensors",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Types, operation, and application and wiring of sensors, actuators, transducers and solid state devices used in industrial control; detection of movement, proximity, light, distance, strain, displacement, temperature, velocity, position and flow; conversion; electrophysical conversion; types of semiconductor devices used in control circuits. Prereq. û ELTC 801.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 820",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-820",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-820.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001163",
    "code": "ELTC 831",
    "title": "Programmable Controls I(Not applicable to a degree)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Introduction to PLC theory and operation; study of different types of control systems, number systems, ladder-logic diagrams, hardware and software operation, memory structure, basic and advanced instructions, and simple troubleshooting. Prereq. - ELTC 805 and 820.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 831",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-831",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001164",
    "code": "ELTC 832",
    "title": "Programmable Controls II(Not applicable to a degree)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Design, wiring and layout of PLC systems, installation, advanced programming and in-depth troubleshooting; basic math instructions, data manipulation, and subroutines. Prereq. - ELTC 831.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 832",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-832",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/eltc-832.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001165",
    "code": "ELTC 843",
    "title": "Programmable Controls III(Not applicable to a degree)",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Operation and maintenance of PLC-based analog control systems; different types of control systems, A/D and D/A converters, control topologies, scaling factors, I/P specifications, PLC PID instructions, programming setpoint, feedback and feedforward control systems. Prereq. - ELTC 832.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 843",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001166",
    "code": "ELTC 844",
    "title": "Programmable Controls IV(Not applicable to a degree)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Inter-PLC networking including control systems, NT workstations and servers, and hands-on operation and implementation of control networks. Prereq. - ELTC 843.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ELTC 844",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001167",
    "code": "EMEC 101",
    "title": "Electrical Fundamentals",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides students a foundation covering electrical fundamentals. Students will gain knowledge in the following topics; electrical concepts, EMF, current, resistance, power, AC/DC series and parallel circuit operation and analysis, inductance, capacitance, meter usage, schematics, and circuit component operation. The students&#39; training will be demonstrated through various hands-on labs and exercises. Math applications will be reviewed and applied solving fundamental electrical calculations. Appropriate safety standards will be followed as well as proper use of hand tools and equipment. Also available through Online Learning. Additional course fees $20.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 101",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001168",
    "code": "EMEC 102",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Mechanical Maintenance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<div><p><span><span>This</span><span> introduc</span><span>to</span><span>ry</span><span> course offers discussions and hands-on training for the proper selection, safe use and care and maintenance of common tooling used in </span><span>the industrial</span><span> trades. Topics include introductions to shop mathematics, communication, teamwork, fastener identification, precision measurement principles and tooling, print reading, pneumatic and hydraulic fluid power, basic AC/DC electrical safety and theory, relay control, troubleshooting, discussions of mechanical fabrication using hand and power tools, PLC nomenclature, and basic OSHA safety considerations in the workplace.</span></span><span> </span></p></div><div><p><span> </span></p></div><div><p><strong><span>Note</span></strong><span><span>: This course is used to award credit for completed non-credit Industrial Maintenance Technician coursework.</span></span><span> </span><span> </span></p></div>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 102",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-102.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001169",
    "code": "EMEC 105",
    "title": "Introduction to Fluid Power",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is the study of basic fluid systems and an introduction to hydraulic and pneumatic component hardware; work, energy, and power introduced and applied to the fluid power system. This course includes hands-on maintenance and troubleshooting of hydraulic and pneumatic components and systems. Prereq. - Appropriate competence as outlined in the Mathematics Placement policy or MATH022.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 105",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001170",
    "code": "EMEC 110",
    "title": "Mechanical Components",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces the mechanical components and fasteners used in automated control systems. Discussions and hands-on activities include the use of hand tools, individual mechanical components and mechanical assemblies including: belts, chains, gears, gear drives, bearings, shafts, scales, seals and couplings. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 110",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001171",
    "code": "EMEC 114",
    "title": "Mechanical Skills for the Trades",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course offers discussion and hands-on application for the proper selection, safe use, care and maintenance of common hand and power tools used in the industrial trades. Included are discussions and hands-on practice covering basic tool identification, use, safety and maintenance. Additionally, there are discussions and hands-on practice covering basic rigging skills required for installations, rigging safety, setting or moving of industrial equipment, calculation of load, center of gravity and proper material handling, and the use of ladders and scaffolding.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 114",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-114.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001172",
    "code": "EMEC 115",
    "title": "Mechanical Skills for Technician",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Covers types of components and fasteners; hand tool usage; basic operation of hand power tools, measurement and layout applied to basic electromechanical projects. Only one of EMEC 110 or EMEC 115 may be applied to graduation in Electromechanical Technology. Offered spring semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 115",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-115.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001173",
    "code": "EMEC 117",
    "title": "Industrial Rigging",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The course provides basic rigging skills required for installation, setting or moving of industrial equipment and the use of ladders and scaffolding. This introduction stresses safe application of rigging techniques, the use of various devices in equipment installation, alignment, lifting and the calculation of load, center of gravity and proper material handling.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 117",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-117.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001174",
    "code": "EMEC 118",
    "title": "Hand and Power Tools",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course covers proper selection, safe use, care and maintenance of both hand and power tools. Also available through Online Learning. Additional course fees $10.00.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 118",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-118.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001175",
    "code": "EMEC 120",
    "title": "Process Data Acquisition & Anal.",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Learn the application of data acquisition sensors, equipment and computers for automated process data acquisition and analysis as an essential tool to succeed as a process automation operator. Principles and methods of process data acquisition and the analysis of the acquired data will be covered, as well as use of computer software to capture, analyze and create charts and graphs of process data. Ideal for operators or technicians working in the biotechnology, pharmaceutical, chemical, food processing or related industry. Coreq. - CISC 101 or 100 or permission of the instructor.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 120",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001176",
    "code": "EMEC 121",
    "title": "Automation Concepts",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides automation operators and technicians with an understanding of current automation technology as used in the process control industry. Covers basic instrumentation types, introduction to programmable logic controllers, human machine interface (HMI), numbers systems, control loops and fundamentals of AC and DC electricity. Prereq. - EMEC 120 or permission of the instructor.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 121",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-121",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-121.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001177",
    "code": "EMEC 122",
    "title": "Process Automation Diagrams-P&ID",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Read and understand Piping & Instrumentation Drawings (P&ID) also know as Process & Instrumentation Diagrams or Process and Control Diagrams. Identify symbols and function labels commonly found on P&IDs, describe how system components are related and trace process piping and control loop functions. Coreq.- EMEC121 or permission of the instructor.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 122",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-122.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001178",
    "code": "EMEC 125",
    "title": "Process and Automation Diagrams- P&ID",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to reading, interpreting and developing Process & Instrumentation Drawings (P&ID) also known as Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams or Process and Control Diagrams. The Identification of symbols and function labels commonly found on P&ID, description of how system components are related and tracing process piping and control loop functions are discussed and practiced.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 125",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-125",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-125.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001179",
    "code": "EMEC 130",
    "title": "Introduction to Process Control",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces industrial process control and how instrumentation is needed to control the desired outcome. Discussions and online activities include instrumentation loops, instrumentation documents, principles of measurements, basic controller types, advanced control, and final elements.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 130",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-130.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001180",
    "code": "EMEC 140",
    "title": "Sensors, Wiring and Troubleshooting",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the basic discrete sensors and an introduction to basic analog sensors used in automated manufacturing systems and processes. The student will be exposed to various sensor technologies, and through the use of hands-on labs and exercises, will determine sensor selection, applications, installation, wiring and troubleshooting. The proper use of hand tools and multimeter(s) are incorporated, along with appropriate industry safety standards. Prereq. - EMEC101</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELTC101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 140",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-140.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001181",
    "code": "EMEC 205",
    "title": "Electrical Controls of Fluid Power",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course will examine advanced topics regarding machine components and integration into mechanical systems. Discussions and hands-on activities include studies involving mechanical vibration effects, servo-motor and related timing applications, Discussions involving mechanical systems encountered in industrial settings, introduction to basic machine shop turning and part fabrication.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELTC101",
      "EMEC105"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 205",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-205",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-205.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001182",
    "code": "EMEC 220",
    "title": "Instrumentation I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This is the first of two courses that teach process control instrumentation. The course covers temperature and pressure instruments and sensors, basic transmission signals and communications, safety and Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS). Through the use of theory and hands-on practice, students will practice device installation, wiring and troubleshooting using current industrial equipment. Safety and all applicable industry standards are incorporated throughout the course. Prereq. - EMEC125 and 130. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EMEC125",
      "EMEC130"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 220",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-220",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-220.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001183",
    "code": "EMEC 225",
    "title": "Instrumentation II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is the first of two courses in process control instrumentation. The course covers level and flow measurements and instruments, final elements such as valves, automatic and manual control and instrumentation and control applications. Through the use of theory and hands-on practice, students will practice device installation, wiring and troubleshooting using current industrial equipment. Safety and all applicable industry standards are incorporated throughout the course. Pre- or Coreq. - EMEC220. Additional course fees: $20.00.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EMEC220"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 225",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-225.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001184",
    "code": "EMEC 240",
    "title": "Industrial Control Systems I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This is a first course in industrial control systems that covers programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and programmable automation controllers (PACs) operation, application, programming and troubleshooting. PLC/PAC hardware identification, input/output (I/O), network communications and I/O wiring is presented. I/O and internal addressing, tags, alias tags and data types are presented and practiced. The basic software instruction set is covered including contacts, coils, timers, counters, data manipulation, comparison and arithmetic. Program control using subroutines and controller organization is also incorporated. Prereq. - EMEC 101; Pre- or Coreq. - EMEC140. Additional course fees $80.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELTC101",
      "EMEC140"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 240",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-240",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-240.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001185",
    "code": "EMEC 245",
    "title": "Industrial Control Systems II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is the second of two courses in Programmable Logic and Programmable Automation Controllers (PLC/PAC). The course covers the advanced instruction set including bit shifts, sequencers and advanced math instructions. Analog control systems are introduced taking the student from simple setpoint control to Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control. Human Machine Interface (HMI) screens are developed and interfaced to the PLC/PAC to form a complete control system. Prereq. - EMEC 240. Additional course fees $80.00.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EMEC240"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 245",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-245",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-245.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001186",
    "code": "EMEC 247",
    "title": "Instr Process Control & Meas Sys",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Terminology, symbology, operation, connectivity of instrumentation, computers and human machine interface (HMI) used in the measurement and control of flow, level, temperature, pressure, pH, valves, transducers and transmitters as used in automated process control systems. Detailed theory and operation of flow, level, temperature and pressure measurements with minimal math background. Coreq.- EMEC 122 and prereq.- evidence of score of 500 or higher on SAT mathematics exam or 11th grade PSSA mathematics score of 1300 or higher, or completion of MATH026 or 028 with C or better or appropriate competence in MATH 150 as determined by the mathematics placement test, or permission of the instructor.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 247",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-247",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-247.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001187",
    "code": "EMEC 251",
    "title": "Mechanical Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Operation, diagnostics, repair, and modification of automation with emphasis on advanced mechanical and fluidic systems found in industrial robotics, conveyors, CNC, packaging machinery, casing machinery, and plastics molding equipment. Preventative maintenance and applicable OSHA safety standards. Pre- or coreq. - EMEC 105, 110, and 135. Additional course fees: $10.00",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EMEC105",
      "EMEC110",
      "EMEC135"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 251",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-251.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001188",
    "code": "EMEC 253",
    "title": "Electromechanical Systems I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Operation, diagnostics, repair, and modification of automation with emphasis on advanced mechanical and fluidic systems found in industrial robotics, conveyors, CNC, packaging machinery, casing machinery, and plastics molding equipment. Preventative maintenance and applicable OSHA safety standards. Pre- or coreq. - EMEC 105, 110, and 135. Additional course fees $10.00. Final offerring fall 2016.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 253",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-253",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-253.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001189",
    "code": "EMEC 254",
    "title": "Electromechanical Systems II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Operation, diagnostics, repair, and modification of automation technology with emphasis on advanced electronic control systems and data communications found in industrial robotics; palletizers; CNC; filling, cartoning, barcoding, and weighing equipment; hands-on approaches to overall system diagnostics and upgrade. Prereq. - EMEC 240 and 253. Offered spring semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 254",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-254",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-254.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001190",
    "code": "EMEC 260",
    "title": "Electromechanical Tech Practicum",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Actual work shadowing experience in manufacturing or service organizations providing exposure to the maintenance and/or engineering functions involved in modern factory automation design, installation, and servicing; written analysis of equipment problems and maintenance planning. Pre- or coreq. - completion of all other technical courses in Electromechanical Technology degree program.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 260",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-260",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-260.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001191",
    "code": "EMEC 260G",
    "title": "Electromechanical Tech Practicum",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Actual work &#39;shadowing&#39; experience in manufacturing or service organizations providing exposure to the maintenance and/or engineering functions involved in modern factory automation design, installation, and servicing; written analysis of equipment problems and maintenance planning. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101 and Pre- or Coreq. - completion of all other technical courses in Electromechanical Technology degree program. Core: WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 260G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-260g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-260g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001192",
    "code": "EMEC 281",
    "title": "Independent Electromechanical St",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Independent study in an advanced topic in electromechanical technology under close supervision of the Electromechanical Technology faculty; conducted primarily in a working lab environment, project requires the student to research information, collect and interpret data, and present the conclusions in written and oral form. Prereq. - EMEC 253.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EMEC253"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 281",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-281",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-281.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001193",
    "code": "EMEC 282",
    "title": "Independent Electromechanical St",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Independent study in an advanced topic in electromechanical technology under close supervision of the Electromechanical Technology faculty; conducted primarily in a working lab environment, project requires the student to research information, collect and interpret data, and present the conclusions in written and oral form. Prereq. - EMEC 253.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EMEC253"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMEC 282",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-282",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emec-282.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001194",
    "code": "EMGS 101",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Firefighting",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "For new or untrained fire fighters; forcible entry, ladders, hose, combined hose and ladders, fundamentals of pump connections, fire stream practices, respiratory protection practices, chemistry of fire, ventilation salvage, portable extinguishers, and rope work. Students will be required to carry and maintain accident and health insurance and/or workman's compensation and sign a waiver of liability. Course to be deleted effective 06-07; final offering Fall 2005.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001195",
    "code": "EMGS 102",
    "title": "Building Codes & Construction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Common elements found in building construction, types of structural design, materials and fire ratings of building materials, blueprint reading, buildings and the requirements for fire protection, coordination activities between building inspection departments and fire protection agencies.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 102",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-102",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-102.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001196",
    "code": "EMGS 104",
    "title": "Ess of Fireftg & Emerg Response",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course will introduce basic firefighting concepts within the context of emergency response. Topics will include an overview of the fire service, fire service organization, firefighter safety, personal protective equipment, self-contained breathing apparatus, terrorism awareness, fire behavior, fire extinguishers, water supply, fire hose, ropes, and hazardous materials. Exterior fire group operation discussion includes ladders, communications, protective systems/sprinklers, forcible entry, and fire prevention. Students will be required to complete or obtain certificates in Hazardous Materials Awareness, Hazardous Materials Operations, Intro to Incident Command Sys. (IS100) and National Incident Management Sys. (IS700).",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 104",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-104",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-104.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001197",
    "code": "EMGS 105",
    "title": "Ess of Interior Fire & Emerg Res",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course will introduce concepts related to interior firefighting and emergency response. The course is designed to introduce firefighters to interior fire ground operations including nozzles and streams, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), rescur, ventilation, fire suppression, salvage, and firefighter survival. It builds upon concepts from EMGS 104 while providing information and procedures that will integrate and complete basic firefighting and emergency response competency skill sets. Prereq.- EMGS 104.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EMGS104"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 105",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-105",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-105.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001198",
    "code": "EMGS 106",
    "title": "Fire Suppression Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Fire protection engineering including systems for fire protection, control, suppression, and extinguishment; detection signal and extinguishing systems both automatic and manual; temperature, smoke, products of combustion and flame responsive alarm systems; basic methods of operation, theory and principles of application using water, dry chemicals, dry powders, carbon dioxide, foam, and halogenated hydrocarbon agents in hand, portable, and wheeled extinguishers on the various types and classes of fires.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 106",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001199",
    "code": "EMGS 107",
    "title": "Emergency Medical Tech, Pt A",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 107",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001200",
    "code": "EMGS 108",
    "title": "Emergency Medical Tech, Pt B",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 108",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001201",
    "code": "EMGS 109",
    "title": "Vehicle Rescue",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will provide an awareness and operations level of information and skills as it pertains to vehicle rescue incidents. Topics will include general vehicle rescue function/operation; incident management of the vehicle accident/rescue incident; vehicle anatomy, design, and construction; recognition and control of hazards relative to a vehicle accident/rescue incident; and the tools and equipment used at a vehicle accident/rescue incident. Additional topics will include, patient access, care, and packaging along with disentanglement; extrication and termination. Students will be required to carry and maintain accident and health insurance and/or workman's compensation and sign a waiver of liability.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 109",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001202",
    "code": "EMGS 111",
    "title": "Sprinkler Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Concepts and principles involved with the design, installation, and use of automatic sprinkler and standpipe systems; proper fire department operations in structures with sprinkler systems.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 111",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001203",
    "code": "EMGS 112",
    "title": "Detection and Alarm Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Theories involving domestic industrial alarm detection systems; practical guidelines for selecting, locating, operating, and maintaining fire alarm systems.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 112",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001204",
    "code": "EMGS 115",
    "title": "Emergency Medical Tech - Basic",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "<p>This course provides fundamental training required to perform as an emergency service medical personnel and to become certified as an EMT. This skills-oriented course involved extensive hands-on training in the evaluation and treatment of the sick and injured. This course requires mandatory student lab time at a hospital in a clinical setting. Students will be required to complete a PA Criminal Background check, FBI Background check, physical exam, immunization record, and 9 panel drug screen as per clinical affiliation policy prior to starting the hospital patient assessment portion of the course. Formerly EMGS 107&#43;108. May not be taken for credit after completing these courses.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001205",
    "code": "EMGS 118",
    "title": "Intro to CSI, Preservation and Investigation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides essential information for first responders as it relates to their potential to encounter crime scenes while performing their duties. It will provide information that will allow responders to identify and preserve critical evidence. Investigative techniques are discussed within the context of potential responder participation in the prosecutorial process. The importance of crime scene identification and preservation while supporting law enforcement investigators as they collect and package crime scene evidence is emphasized.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 118",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001206",
    "code": "EMGS 119",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Homeland Security",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides essential introductory information as it relates to homeland security fundamental principles and practices. Discussion provides operational awareness within the variety of challenges associated with the provision of adequate homeland security measures. Subjects and topics covered will allow students to consider all aspects associated with prevention, response and recovery for actions and conditions associated with threats, acts of terror, disasters or catastrophes. Focus within the context of laws and law enforcement will offer insight to the comprehensive topic of homeland security.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 119",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001207",
    "code": "EMGS 120",
    "title": "Emerg Srvs Health & Safety",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces the basic concepts of occupational health and safety as they relate to emergency service organizations. Topics include risk evaluation and control procedures for fire stations, training sites, emergency vehicles, and emergency situations involving fire, emergency medical services, hazardous materials response and technical rescue response agencies. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 120",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001208",
    "code": "EMGS 122",
    "title": "Emergency Action Planning",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is intended to provide basic emergency action planning information while emphasizing the importance of the emergency planning process. Additional subject matter includes history, laws and regulations, common practices, risk assessments, response actions including mitigation and recovery. The phases of emergency management are explored along with the roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 122",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-122.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001209",
    "code": "EMGS 151",
    "title": "Fire Prevention",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides essential information regarding the history and concept of fire prevention. Discussion incorporates concepts that include, authority having jurisdiction, risk assessment, fire prevention, inspection procedures and reports, building construction, and associated occupancy classifications. Additionally it includes identification and correction of fire hazards, ingress and egress, fire protection and water supply systems, portable extinguishers, fire detection and alarm systems, plans review, hazardous materials that include the proper handling and use of flammable and combustible materials.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 151",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-151.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001210",
    "code": "EMGS 154",
    "title": "Principles of Inspection",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Inspection organization, techniques for field inspection, diagramming, mapping, and reporting procedures.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 154",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-154.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001211",
    "code": "EMGS 160",
    "title": "Introduction to Security",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides essential introductory information as it relates to basic security fundamental principles and practices. Discussion provides operational awareness within the variety of challenges associated with the provision of adequate security measures. Subjects and topics covered will allow students to consider all aspects associated with basic security practices that involve prevention, response, risk assessment, insurance and liability, workplace violence and inappropriate activities of others associated with negative outcomes. Additional discussion includes recovery for actions and conditions associated with threats, acts of terror, disasters or catastrophes. Focus within the context of laws, regulations and interfacing with law enforcement will offer insight to the comprehensive topic of security.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 160",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-160.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001212",
    "code": "EMGS 201",
    "title": "Chemistry of Hazardous Materials",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides basic chemistry information relating to the various categories of hazardous materials as it relates to the emergency services. Information discussed includes problems of recognition, reactivity, along with health and safety concerns encountered by first responders.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 201",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-201.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001213",
    "code": "EMGS 202",
    "title": "Fire Tactics & Incident Command",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Basic fire fighting tactics, the strategy and equipment to be used in extinguishing different types of fires; how to use available manpower and equipment efficiently; techniques in predicting fire severity; when, where and how to ventilate a building.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 202",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-202.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001214",
    "code": "EMGS 203",
    "title": "Fire Codes",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Content and use of various fire and life safety codes; based on the codes most used by the fire service: The National Fire Codes, Life Safety Codes, National Electrical Codes, and BOCA Fire Prevention Code.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 203",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-203.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001215",
    "code": "EMGS 207",
    "title": "Tech Apps for Emergency Svcs",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides essential introductory information for first responders as it relates to applied technology and the emergency services. Discussion provides operational awareness within the context of emergency management. Subjects and topics covered will allow responders to utilize technologies to facilitate and enhance emergency response efficiency and effectiveness. Information technological strategies along with operational devices and systems will be discussed as solutions and tools to achieve successful outcomes for all emergency responders and managers.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 207",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001216",
    "code": "EMGS 208",
    "title": "Op Risk Mgmt for EMS",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides essential introductory information for emergency medical providers as it relates to risk management and emergency medical services. Discussion provides operational awareness of the inherent risks for emergency medical service providers within the various aspects of providing emergency medical service. Subjects and topics covered will allow responders to recognize risks while providing mitigating actions to reduce or eliminate exposure to hazards. Discussion of regulatory compliance will be offered to facilitate required compliance efforts as risk management concepts are explored within the context of comprehensive accident prevention and safety programs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 208",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001217",
    "code": "EMGS 211",
    "title": "Rope & Rough Terrain Rescue",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Technical rope rescue, with extensive hands-on training; proficiency in the fundamental techniques used in technical rope rescue; search, rappelling, haul systems, and lowering systems. Students will be required to carry and maintain accident and health insurance and/or workman's compensation and sign a waiver of liability.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 211",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001218",
    "code": "EMGS 215",
    "title": "Advanced Firefighting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Continuation of Fundamentals of Firefighting; water supply, introductory hazardous materials, sprinkler systems, advanced ventilation, fire rescue, and foam operations; field practicum an important dimension of the course, based on NFPA Standards 1001 for professional firefighters. Students will be required to carry and maintain accident and health insurance and/or workman's compensation and sign a waiver of liability. Prereq. - EMGS 101.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 215",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001219",
    "code": "EMGS 216",
    "title": "Emergency Fiscal Administration",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>The course will examine the techniques and operations of fiscal administration as it relates to the public sector with an emphasis on emergency services and public safety. Subject matter will include public funding, spending, budgeting, risk management, and grant writing. . Information and procedures will be introduced and practiced to allow students to complete a functioning budget, as well as develop future budget projections and funding scenarios. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 216",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001220",
    "code": "EMGS 217",
    "title": "Public Information & Relations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will provide an effective way to manage public information at an incident or event, regardless of the size and complexity of the situation or the number of entities involved. Emphasis is placed on understanding the perspective of media personnel arriving on the scene. Students will learn how to prepare for media arrival along with agency interface. Presentation skills that afford concise and accurate information distribution will be discussed and practiced. Offered spring semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 217",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001221",
    "code": "EMGS 218",
    "title": "Incident Command & Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is a collection of FEMA course that comprise IS 100: Introduction to Incident Command System; IS 200: ICS for Single Resources and Initial Action Incidents; IS 300; IS 700 National Incident Management System an Introduction; and IS 800: National Response Framework an Introduction. Through an interrelated progression, the student will be exposed to the comprehensive approach of the National Incident Management System. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 218",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001222",
    "code": "EMGS 219",
    "title": "Regulatory Compliance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Provisions of the regulatory agencies comprising Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and US Department of Transportation (DOT) as well as state agencies with similar responsibilities require that entities engaged in emergency response provide awareness and adequate training to ensure compliance with a multitude of regulations. This course is an overview of regulatory requirements along with the regulations that are pertinent to the response community. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 219",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001223",
    "code": "EMGS 220",
    "title": "Methods of EMS Tactical Response",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides education and training designed to decrease deaths in tactical situations while focusing on managing trauma in the civilian tactical or hazardous environments such as mass casualty, active shooter, hazardous materials, and other incidents outside the normal operating conditions of most emergency medical services (EMS) agencies. Prereq. - EMGS115.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "EMGS115"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 220",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001224",
    "code": "EMGS 221",
    "title": "Emergency Service Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces the basic concepts of management theory as applied to various operations specifically related to emergency service organizations. Topics include historical foundations, administration, management, leadership, finance and managing change. Emphasis is placed on aspects of human resources within a context of education and training to achieve critical outcomes. Health and safety responsibilities within regulatory compliance parameters are discussed as are all pertinent laws and regulations that directly impact emergency service organizations. Ethics and public policy conclude the topical discussions to provide awareness for those who are managers or administrators of emergency service organizations.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 221",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001225",
    "code": "EMGS 231",
    "title": "Law for Emergency Services",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course will discuss the legal aspects of emergency service organizations to include; arson law, legal rights and responsibilities of emergency services providers, their officers and related court procedures. Students will learn about specific laws and legal procedures as they relate to both criminal and civil topics and their subsequent relationship to the emergency services community.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 231",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001226",
    "code": "EMGS 235",
    "title": "Security Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides essential introductory information as it relates to basic security management principles and practices. Discussion provides managerial awareness within the variety of challenges associated with the provision of adequate security measures. Subjects and topics covered will allow students to consider managerial aspects associated with security practices that involve prevention, response, risk assessment, insurance and liability, workplace violence and inappropriate activities of others associated with negative outcomes. Additional discussion includes critical thinking concepts that will provide an operational competency to mitigate or respond to actions and conditions associated with threats, acts of terror, disasters or catastrophes. Focus within the context of laws, regulations and interfacing with law enforcement will offer insight to the comprehensive topic of security management.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 235",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001227",
    "code": "EMGS 251",
    "title": "Fire Hydraulics & Pump Operatn",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Review of basic mathematics, hydraulic laws and formulas and how they apply to firefighting equipment and water supply, the flow of water in pumps, pipes, hose, nozzles, and sprinkler systems, computation of nozzle pressures and range and effectiveness of nozzle stream, determination of water requirements for sections of a community, and underwriter requirements for pumps. Students will be required to carry and maintain accident and health insurance and/or workman's compensation and sign a waiver of liability.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 251",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001228",
    "code": "EMGS 252",
    "title": "Fire Causes and Investigation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "History of fire investigation and detection including inspection techniques, gathering of evidence and development of technical reports, fundamentals of arson investigation, processing of criminal evidence and criminal procedure related to local and state statutes.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 252",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-252.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001229",
    "code": "EMGS 254",
    "title": "Fire & Emer Svcs Traing Method",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "For fire and rescue service personnel responsible for conducting company level or small unit training; principles and techniques employed for skills training applied directly to fire service situations; adult education techniques.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 254",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001230",
    "code": "EMGS 255",
    "title": "First Responder Training",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "For police, fire, and rescue personnel responding to the scene of injury or illness; procedures used to initiate treatment while awaiting arrival of a higher level of care includes but not limited to CPR, shock and bleeding, and patient survey. Students will be required to carry and maintain accident and health insurance and/or workman's compensation and sign a waiver of liability. Additional course fees: $13.00.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 255",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-255.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001231",
    "code": "EMGS 256",
    "title": "First Responder Stress Awareness and Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides essential introductory information for first responders as it relates to first responder emotional stress and challenges as a result of functioning within the emergency services. Discussion provides basic awareness within the context of stress management options. Subjects and topics covered will allow responders to utilize information to facilitate coping efforts as emotions are tested within the rigors of life and death scenarios. Further discussion offers insight to the range of emotions experienced by first responders while providing considerations for healing and ultimately essential emotional wellness.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 256",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-256.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001232",
    "code": "EMGS 401",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Firefighting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 401",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-401.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001233",
    "code": "EMGS 402",
    "title": "Building Codes & Construction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/EMGS 402",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/emgs-402.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001234",
    "code": "EMGS 406",
    "title": "Fire Suppression Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "hours": 3,
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    "id": "northampton-001349",
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    "id": "northampton-001350",
    "code": "ENGL 150",
    "title": "Communications II",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 150",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 151",
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    "code": "ENGL 151C",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Readings and continued refinement of writing skills. Student may elect to work on introduction to literature, report writing, or technical writing. Literature option, and computer intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101. Also available through Online Learning. Core: D.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 151C",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 151L",
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    "id": "northampton-001354",
    "code": "ENGL 151R",
    "title": "English II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students continue to develop the academic writing and critical reading skills begun in English I. Students may elect to work on introduction to literature (L), report writing (R), or technical writing (T). Prereq.- ENGL 101. Also available through Online Learning. ENGL 151L (literature option) is approved for the Honors Program and has a designated as a Diversity (D) core course.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 151R",
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    "id": "northampton-001355",
    "code": "ENGL 151T",
    "title": "English II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students continue to develop the academic writing and critical reading skills begun in English I. Students may elect to work on introduction to literature (L), report writing (R), or technical writing (T). Prereq.- ENGL 101. Also available through Online Learning. ENGL 151L (literature option) is approved for the Honors Program and has a designated as a Diversity (D) core course.",
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      "ENGL101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 151T",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001356",
    "code": "ENGL 152",
    "title": "American Culture II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 152",
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    "id": "northampton-001357",
    "code": "ENGL 171",
    "title": "Literature and Composition",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 171",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001358",
    "code": "ENGL 172",
    "title": "American Lit II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 172",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001359",
    "code": "ENGL 191",
    "title": "Special Studies in English",
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    "hours": 1,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 191",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001360",
    "code": "ENGL 193",
    "title": "Special Studies in English",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 193",
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    "id": "northampton-001361",
    "code": "ENGL 200",
    "title": "********************************",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 200",
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    "id": "northampton-001362",
    "code": "ENGL 201",
    "title": "British Literature I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey of major works of selected British authors (before 1800) from Old English through the Eighteenth Century; emphasis on understanding the cultural and historical context of the literature as well as on analysis and interpretation of the works of literature. Prereq. - ENGL 151. Also available through Online Learning. Core: AH.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 201",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/engl-201",
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    "id": "northampton-001363",
    "code": "ENGL 201G",
    "title": "British Literature I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey of major works of selected British authors (before 1800) from Old English through the Eighteenth Century; emphasis on understanding the cultural and historical context of the literature as well as on analysis and interpretation of the works of literature. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 151. Also available through Online Learning. Core: AH, WI.",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 201G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001364",
    "code": "ENGL 202",
    "title": "Lit of Western World I",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 202",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001365",
    "code": "ENGL 203",
    "title": "Shakespeare",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 203",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/engl-203",
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    "id": "northampton-001366",
    "code": "ENGL 203G",
    "title": "Shakespeare",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "By studying Shakespeare's plays and poetry, students will learn to read text accurately, critically and imaginatively, and explore Shakespeare's world and his relevance to ours. Through reading, discussion, and written analysis, we will examine Shakespeare's work in light of the historical, political, cultural contexts in which Shakespeare wrote and ultimately consider the question \"Why is Shakespeare's work still important to us?\" Approved for the Honors Program. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL151. Core: AH, WI.",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 203G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001367",
    "code": "ENGL 204",
    "title": "Science Fict & 20th Cent. Lit.",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 204",
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    "id": "northampton-001368",
    "code": "ENGL 205",
    "title": "American Literature I",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 205",
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    "id": "northampton-001369",
    "code": "ENGL 205G",
    "title": "American Literature I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey of major American writers from Colonial period to the Civil War, including works from Edwards, Jefferson, Wheatley, Franklin, Douglass, Emerson, Fuller, Thoreau, Poe, Dickinson and Whitman. Emphasis is on texts but with attention to historical, cultural, and intellectual backgrounds. Prereq. - ENGL 151. Core: AH, WI, D.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 205G",
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    "code": "ENGL 206",
    "title": "English Honors Seminar",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 206",
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    "id": "northampton-001371",
    "code": "ENGL 211G",
    "title": "Plays: Classical to Contemporary",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces students to the analysis of plays as literary text that shapes both performance and an understanding of culture and the human experience. Plays from Classical Greece to contemporary Theatre of Diversity will be covered along with the comments of playwrights, directors, actors and critics. Students will analyze drama from psychological, 4 historical, philosophical, structural and dramatic perspectives. Students may not receive credit for both THEA 211G (formerly CMTH 211G) and ENGL 211G. </p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 211G",
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    "code": "ENGL 215G",
    "title": "Multicultural Adolescent Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A writing-intensive course based on multicultural literature for adolescents. Overview of materials based upon the socio-cultural and developmental characteristics of young adults with an emphasis on multiculturalism and English language learners; examination of major genres in young adult literature. Ten hours of educational field experience or service learning activity required. Prereq.- ENGL151. Core: AH, D, WI.",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 215G",
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    "id": "northampton-001373",
    "code": "ENGL 250",
    "title": "Contemp Latin Amer Lit In Transl",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Contemporary Latin American Literature through the works of the major authors of the time, e.g. Borges, Marquez, Vargas, Llosa, Fuentes, etc. Prereq. - ENGL 151. Core: AH, D.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 250",
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    "id": "northampton-001374",
    "code": "ENGL 250G",
    "title": "Latin American Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of contemporary Latin American writers, including Borges, Allende, Garcia Marquez, Vargas Llosa, Fuents and others. The emphasis of the course is on reading and writing, with an additional focus on history, culture and literary terms. The course is conducted in English, including class discussions, readings and assignments. Prereq.- ENGL151L. Core: AH. D, WI.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 250G",
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    "id": "northampton-001375",
    "code": "ENGL 251",
    "title": "British Literature II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Major works of selected British authors from the Pre-Romantics to the 20th century. Emphasis on literary analysis but with attention to intellectual and historical backgrounds. Offered on demand. Prereq. - ENGL 151. Core: AH.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 251",
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    "id": "northampton-001376",
    "code": "ENGL 251G",
    "title": "British Literature II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This survey of major works by selected British authors from the Pre-Romantics to the present emphasize analysis of primary literary texts within their historical, political, and cultural contexts. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 151. Core: D, AH, WI. Approved for the Honors Program. Also available through Online Learning.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 251G",
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    "id": "northampton-001377",
    "code": "ENGL 252",
    "title": "Lit of Western World II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 252",
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    "id": "northampton-001378",
    "code": "ENGL 253",
    "title": "Creative Writing",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides beginning writers with the opportunity to explore imaginative uses of language through the fundamentals of poetry, fiction, and literary nonfiction. Conducted through lectures and workshops, the course exposes students to prominent examples of the kind of writing they are expected to produce, and it promotes the critical analysis of their own writing, as well as the writings of their peers. </p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 253",
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    "id": "northampton-001379",
    "code": "ENGL 254",
    "title": "Creative Writing Portfolio",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p><span>This course is the capstone experience for students in the Creative Writing Specialized Diploma program. Students enrolled in this course will create a publish and/or transfer ready portfolio totaling 15-25 pages of their creative work, plus other necessary documents, such as a statement of goals, a reflective preface, a cover letter, a query letter, and/or an author biography. Restricted to Creative Writing Specialized Diploma students.</span></p>",
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    "id": "northampton-001380",
    "code": "ENGL 255",
    "title": "American Literature II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey of major American writers from the Civil War to the present, including works of Cochise, Booker T. Washington, Hemingway, Fitzgerald, Hughes, Williams, Sexton, Updike, Beattie, and Morrison. Emphasis is on texts but with attention to historical, cultural, and intellectual backgrounds. Prereq. - ENGL 151. Also Available through Online Learning. Core: AH.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 255",
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    "code": "ENGL 255G",
    "title": "American Literature II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This survey of major American writers from the Civil War to the present emphasizes literary works with close attention to historical, cultural, and intellectual backgrounds. Prereq. - ENGL 151. Also available through Online Learning. Core: AH, CT, D, WI.",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 255G",
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    "id": "northampton-001382",
    "code": "ENGL 256",
    "title": "Modern Poetry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>A modern American poetry course. The course is a survey, following a chronological order beginning with Walt Whitman and ending with such contemporary poets as C.K. Williams, Gerald Stern, Adrienne Rich. Prereq. - ENGL 151. Core: AH.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 256",
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    "id": "northampton-001383",
    "code": "ENGL 256G",
    "title": "Modern Poetry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A survey of modern American poetry beginning with Walt Whitman and up to contemporary poets. The course emphasizes understanding of primary literary texts in their socio-historical, political and cultural contexts. The craft and technique of poetry writing will be explored. Prereq. - ENGL 151. Core: D, AH, WI. Also available through Online Learning.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 256G",
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    "code": "ENGL 257",
    "title": "20th Century Literature by Women",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A sophomore-level study of 20th century literature by women through works by major authors of the time, specifically focusing on the written images these authors created of women, and their search for self-awareness in various cultures. Prereq. - ENGL 151. Core: AH, D.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 257",
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    "code": "ENGL 257G",
    "title": "20th Century Literature by Women",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>A sophomore-level study of 20th century literature by women through works by major authors of the time, specifically focusing on the written images these authors created of women, and their search for self-awareness in various cultures. Writing intensive. Core: AH, D, WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 257G",
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    "id": "northampton-001386",
    "code": "ENGL 258",
    "title": "Fiction Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will study elements of fiction in greater depth, read and analyze the techniques of established authors, and practice incorporating these elements and strategies in creating their own original fictional works. Emphasis will be placed on narrative structure, plot, point of view, characterization, setting, dialogue, use of figurative language, and theme. This workshop-style course will include writing exercises, written and verbal analysis, self-assessments, peer and instructor feedback, and revision and editing, as well as an examination of paths to publication and appropriate submission preparation. Prereq. - ENGL151 or ENGL253. CORE: AH",
    "prerequisites": [
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      "ENGL253"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 258",
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    "id": "northampton-001387",
    "code": "ENGL 260",
    "title": "Contemporary Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Study of recent works in English and in translation. Coverage and analysis of both conventional and experimental forms of literature. Prereq. - ENGL 151. Core: AH, D.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 260",
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    "id": "northampton-001388",
    "code": "ENGL 260G",
    "title": "Contemporary Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course we will study literary works in English and in translation dating from mid-twentieth century to the present with a focus on non-Western literature. We will emphasize situating individual works within their cultural historical, political, and social contexts. The course will include all four main literary genres-poetry, short fiction, the novel, and drama-and works will range from traditional to experimental. Prereq. - ENGL 151. Core: AH, CT, D, WI.",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 260G",
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    "id": "northampton-001389",
    "code": "ENGL 263G",
    "title": "Native American Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Native American texts from both the oral and written tradition of many nations, including such tribes as the Lakota and Anishinabe and such major authors as Alexie, Harjo, Erdrich, and Momaday. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL151.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 263G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/engl-263g",
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    "id": "northampton-001390",
    "code": "ENGL 264G",
    "title": "Irish Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A survey of the literary works of Irish authors from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, the course emphasizes understanding primary literary texts within their historical, political, and cultural contexts. Prereq.- ENGL151. Approved for the Honors Program. Core: AH, IL, WI, D.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL151"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 264G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001391",
    "code": "ENGL 265",
    "title": "African American Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The literary works of African-Americans from pre-twentieth century literature to the present; genres and themes in their historical, political, and socio-cultural contexts. Prereq. - ENGL 151. Approved for the Honors Program. Core: AH, D. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 265",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001392",
    "code": "ENGL 265G",
    "title": "African American Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the literary works of African-Americans from the nineteenth century to the present, exploring various genres and themes in their historical, political, and socio-cultural contexts. Core: AH, D, and WI. Also available through Online Learning. Approved for the Honors Program. Pre-req. - ENGL 151.",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 265G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/engl-265g",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001393",
    "code": "ENGL 267",
    "title": "Poetry Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is intended for students who have experience in writing poetry but would like to improve their writing. The content, structure, and techniques of contemporary poems will be studied, with an emphasis of using such study for the writing and critiquing of the students' own poems. Conducted through lectures and workshops, the course promotes the critical analysis of their own writing, as well as the writings of their peers, with the purpose of writing publishable poems. Prereq: ENGL101C or permission from the instructor. Core: AH, D.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 267",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001394",
    "code": "ENGL 301",
    "title": "Communications I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 301",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001395",
    "code": "ENGL 302",
    "title": "American Culture I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 302",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001396",
    "code": "ENGL 351",
    "title": "Communications II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 351",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001397",
    "code": "ENGL 352",
    "title": "American Culture II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 352",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001398",
    "code": "ENGL 451",
    "title": "Technical Reporting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 451",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001399",
    "code": "ENGL 452",
    "title": "Children's Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 452",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001400",
    "code": "ENGL 456",
    "title": "Lit for Children & Young Adults",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 456",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001401",
    "code": "ENGL 502",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 502",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001402",
    "code": "ENGL 551",
    "title": "Early Childhood Lit",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 551",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001403",
    "code": "ENGL 901",
    "title": "Adult Speed Reading",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 901",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/engl-901",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001404",
    "code": "ENGL 902",
    "title": "Creative Writing",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENGL 902",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/engl-902",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001405",
    "code": "ENTR 101",
    "title": "Entrepreneurial Mindset",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This interdisciplinary course introduces students to </span><span>&#34;</span><span>mindsets</span><span>&#34;</span><span> and explores the core components of an entrepreneurial mindset. Students develop</span><span> the</span><span> key entrepreneurial habits of curiosity, observation, opportunity recognition, experimentation, adaptation, and problem</span><span>-</span><span>solving. Students shape their ideas into innovative solutions through </span><span>&#34;</span><span>design thinking</span><span>&#34;</span><span> projects while learning new skills, including interviewing, brainstorming, prototyping and iteration. Students learn that mistakes contain valuable learning experiences and the importance of self-reliance, resourcefulness, </span><span>creativity, role models, and</span><span> comfort with ambiguity. These entrepreneurial skills and behaviors help students create successful lives by expanding options for any major </span><span>or </span><span>vocational path.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ENTR 101",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001406",
    "code": "ESLL 001",
    "title": "ESL I",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "<p>For the student with little or no knowledge of English, this course integrates the basic skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing English. Students will practice these skills through various activities and tests in a college classroom environment. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 001",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-001",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001407",
    "code": "ESLL 002",
    "title": "Clear Speech I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course begins the study of English pronunciation for non-native speakers with beginning level language proficiency. Students will learn to correctly articulate the simple vowel and consonant sounds of English using the basic phonetic alphabet. In this class, students will apply the building blocks of speech and use rhythm, stress, and intonation for more effective communication. In addition, students complete 15 hours of independent study using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 002",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-002",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-002.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001408",
    "code": "ESLL 004",
    "title": "ESL Technology for Acad Success",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces students to computer technologies and related social and linguistic skills for learners who have not had access to technology for academics. Students complete 15 hours using software in the ESL computer lab as part of the requirements for this course.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 004",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-004",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-004.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001409",
    "code": "ESLL 005",
    "title": "ESL Writing II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students with some knowledge of English will study intermediate grammar, create basic sentences, and compose short paragraphs applying the uses of specific times and verb tenses. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-006"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 005",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-005",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-005.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001410",
    "code": "ESLL 006",
    "title": "ESL II Introduction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>For the student with fundamental knowledge of English, this course further develops the elementary skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing English. Students will practice these skills through various activities and test in a college classroom environment. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course. Prereq.- English language competence as determined by the ESL department through testing and/or course work.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-001"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 006",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-006",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-006.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001411",
    "code": "ESLL 007",
    "title": "ESL Speaking II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students with some knowledge of spoken English will learn and practice conversational skills in order to improve their listening and speaking abilities and learn about American culture in ways that will prepare them for academic contexts. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-001",
      "ESLL-006"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 007",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-007",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-007.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001412",
    "code": "ESLL 008",
    "title": "English Vocabulary II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students with low-intermediate knowledge of English will expand their vocabulary by 300 new words which they will learn to recognize and use in written and oral communication. Students will also develop vocabulary-learning strategies, such as inference from context, understanding word families, recognizing synonyms and antonyms, analyzing word parts, using dictionaries. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course. Prereq. - English language competence as determined by the ESL department through testing and/or course work.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-006",
      "ESLL-011"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 008",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-008",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-008.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001413",
    "code": "ESLL 009",
    "title": "ESL Reading II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students with some knowledge of English will read materials that are at an intermediate level and prepare for reading in an academic environment. Students will also learn new vocabulary by memorizing, using context cues, and learning basic dictionary skills. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-011"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 009",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-009",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-009.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001414",
    "code": "ESLL 010",
    "title": "Clear Speech II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This is theSecondcourse in the study of English pronunciation for non-native speakers with intermediate level language proficiency. The course continues the study of pronunciation skills though the study of the phonetic alphabet. In this class, students will learn to accurately articulate English vowels, vowel blends, and linking and ending consonant sounds. Students will further explore how to effectively use rhythm, stress, and intonation in the oral communication. In addition, students complete 15 hours of independent study using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course. Prereq.- English language competence as determined by the ESL department through testing and/or course work.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-002",
      "ESLL-006"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 010",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-010",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-010.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001415",
    "code": "ESLL 011",
    "title": "ESL Reading Introduction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students with<span> </span></span></span><span><span>basic</span></span><span><span><span> </span>knowledge of English will read materials that are at a</span></span><span><span><span> </span></span></span><span><span>high-beginner</span></span><span><span><span> </span>level and aim to prepare students for reading in an academic environment. Students will also learn new vocabulary by memorizing, using context cues, and learning basic dictionary skills. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software in the ESL computer lab as part of the requirements for this course.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-001",
      "ESLL-006"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 011",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-011",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-011.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001416",
    "code": "ESLL 014",
    "title": "Attention to Accent",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This class is designed for intermediate to advanced English language learners who would like to improve their American English pronunciation. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course. Prereq. - English language competence as determined by the ESL department faculty through testing and/or course work.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 014",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-014",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-014.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001417",
    "code": "ESLL 015",
    "title": "ESL Writing IIIA",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>English language learners will study high intermediate grammar, learn how to select and respond to writing topics, organize ideas, and develop paragraphs in ways that will prepare them for writing in college courses. In addition, students complete 15 hours outside of class using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course. Prereq.- English language competence as determined by the ESL department through testing and/or course work.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-005"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 015",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-015",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-015.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001418",
    "code": "ESLL 016",
    "title": "ESL Writing IIIB",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>English language learners will study advanced grammar, learn how to select and respond to writing topics, organize ideas, and develop paragraphs in ways that will prepare them for writing in college courses. In addition, students complete 15 hours outside of class using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course. Prereq.- English language competence as determined by the ESL department through testing and/or course work.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-015",
      "ESLL-018",
      "ESLL-028"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 016",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-016",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-016.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001419",
    "code": "ESLL 017",
    "title": "ESL Speaking III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students with intermediate skills in spoken English will improve and practice conversational skills in order to improve their listening and speaking abilities and learn about American culture in academic contexts. Activities will help students develop presentation skills as well as intercultural understanding. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course. Prereq.- English language competence as determined by the ESL department through testing and/or course work.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-007",
      "ESLL-005",
      "ESLL-008"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 017",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-017",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-017.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001420",
    "code": "ESLL 018",
    "title": "ESL Reading IIIA",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students with low-intermediate knowledge of English will improve their ability to read and understand a variety of reading passages. Students will prepare for reading in an academic environment by learning and applying strategies such as predicting, scanning, finding main ideas, developing context clues to build vocabulary, identifying cause and effect, and recognizing facts. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course. Prereq. - English language competence as determined by the ESL department through testing and/or course work.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-009",
      "ESLL-005",
      "ESLL-008"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 018",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-018",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-018.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001421",
    "code": "ESLL 019",
    "title": "ESL Reading IIIB",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students with high-intermediate knowledge of English will improve their ability to read and understand a variety of reading passages. Students will prepare for reading in an academic environment by applying and improving strategies such as predicting, scanning, identifying main and supporting ideas, making inferences, developing context clues to build vocabulary, identifying cause and effect, and recognizing facts and opinions. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-005",
      "ESLL-018"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 019",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-019",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-019.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001422",
    "code": "ESLL 020",
    "title": "ESL IV",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "English language learners and international students preparing to enroll in regular college courses or enter the work force with an advanced knowledge of English will study and analyze errors in complex sentence structure, develop critical reading and thinking skills, learn test-taking strategies, and gain college procedural knowledge. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software in the ESL computer lab as part of the requirements for this course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 020",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-020",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-020.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001423",
    "code": "ESLL 021",
    "title": "ESL Writing IV",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "English language learners and international students preparing to enroll in regular college courses or enter the workforce with an advanced knowledge of English will study and analyse errors in complex sentence structure and learn test-taking strategies. In addition, students complete 15 hours outside of class using ESL software in the ESL computer lab as part of the requirements for this course. Prereq.- English language competence as determined by the ESL department faculty.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 021",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-021",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-021.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001424",
    "code": "ESLL 023",
    "title": "ESL Reading IV",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "English language learners and international students preparing to enroll in regular college courses or enter the workforce with an advanced knowledge of English will develop critical reading and thinking skills and learn test-taking strategies. In addition, students complete 15 hours outside of class using ESL software in the ESL computer lab as part of the requirements for this course. Prereq.- English language competence as determined by the ESL department faculty.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 023",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-023",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-023.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001425",
    "code": "ESLL 025",
    "title": "ESL College Success",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course focuses on helping English language learners integrate into the US Higher Education environment. This course examines goal setting, cultural adjustment, college policies, graduation requirements, campus resources, programs and services, student rights and responsibilities, student education planning and other topics as needs are identified. Designed for advanced English language learners, this course enhances the transition into American society and maximizes the successful matriculation through college. This course continues to build skills in grammar usage, reading, and writing in the US classroom. In addition, students complete 15 hours outside of class using ESL software in the ESL computer lab as part of the requirements for this course. Prereq.- English language competence as determined by the ESL department faculty.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 025",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-025",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-025.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001426",
    "code": "ESLL 028",
    "title": "English Vocabulary III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students with high-intermediate knowledge of English will expand their vocabulary by 300 new words which they will learn to recognize and use in written and oral communication. Students will also develop and improve vocabulary-learning strategies, such as inference from context, understanding word families, recognizing synonyms, analyzing word parts, using dictionaries. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course. Prereq. - English language competence as determined by the ESL department through testing and/or course work.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-008"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 028",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-028",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-028.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001427",
    "code": "ESLL 031",
    "title": "ESL Writing IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "English language learners and international students preparing to enroll in regular college courses or enter the work force with an advanced knowledge of English will study and analyze errors in complex sentence structure and learn test-taking strategies. Students complete 15 hours of independent online study in addition to the requirements for this course. Prereq.- English language competence as determined by the ESL department through testing and/or course work.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 031",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-031",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-031.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001428",
    "code": "ESLL 033",
    "title": "ESL Reading IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "English language learners and international students preparing to enroll in regular college courses or enter the work force with an advanced knowledge of English will develop critical reading and thinking skills and learn test-taking strategies. Students complete 15 hours of independent online study in addition to the requirements for this course. Prereq. - English language competence as determined by ESL department faculty.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 033",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-033",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-033.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001429",
    "code": "ESLL 035",
    "title": "ESL College Success",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course focuses on helpingSecondlanguage learners integrate into the US Higher Education environment. This course examines goal setting, cultural adjustment, college policies, graduation requirements, campus resources, programs and services, student rights and responsibilities, student educational planning and other topics as needs are identified. Designed for advancedSecondlanguage learners, this course enhances the transition into American society and maximizes the successful matriculation through college. Prereq. - English language competence as determined by ESL department faculty.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 035",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-035",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-035.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001430",
    "code": "ESLL 037",
    "title": "ESL Speaking IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "English language learners will develop advanced college and work-related communication skills in individual, small group, and classroom situations. Focus will be on practicing academic listening and oral presentation skills. Activities will also help students develop intercultural understanding and appreciation. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software in the ESL computer lab as part of the requirements for this course. Pereq. - English language competence as determined by ESL department faculty.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 037",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-037",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-037.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001431",
    "code": "ESLL 038",
    "title": "English Vocabulary IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students with advanced knowledge of English will expand their vocabulary by 300 new words which they will learn to recognize and use in written and oral communication. Students will also improve and apply vocabulary-learning strategies, such as text analysis, understanding word families, recognizing synonyms and collocations, analyzing word parts, and using dictionaries. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course. Prereq.- English language competence as determined by the ESL department through testing and/or course work.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 038",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-038",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-038.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001432",
    "code": "ESLL 114",
    "title": "Attention to Accent",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This class is designed to help high intermediate to advanced English language learners improve their American English pronunciation. In addition, students complete 15 hours of independent study using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course. Formerly ESLL <span>014.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL015",
      "ESLL-018"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 114",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-114",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-114.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001433",
    "code": "ESLL 131",
    "title": "ESL Writing IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>English language learners and international students preparing to enroll in regular college courses or enter the work force with an advanced knowledge of English will study and analyze errors in complex sentence structure and learn test-taking strategies. Students complete 15 hours of independent online study in addition to the requirements for this course. Formerly ESLL 031. Prereq.- English language competence as determined by the ESL department through testing and/or course work.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-016",
      "ESLL-018"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 131",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-131",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-131.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001434",
    "code": "ESLL 133",
    "title": "ESL Reading IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>English language learners and international students preparing to enroll in regular college courses or enter the work force with an advanced knowledge of English will develop critical reading and thinking skills and learn test-taking strategies. Students complete 15 hours of independent online study in addition to the requirements for this course. Formerly ESLL 033. Prereq.- English language competence as determined by ESL department faculty.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-015",
      "ESLL-019"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 133",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-133",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-133.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001435",
    "code": "ESLL 137",
    "title": "ESL Speaking IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>English language learners will develop advanced college and work-related communication skills in individual, small group, and classroom situations. Focus will be on practicing academic listening and oral presentation skills. Activities will also help students develop intercultural understanding and appreciation. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course. Formerly ESLL 037. Prereq.- English language competence as determined by the ESL department through testing and/or course work.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-015",
      "ESLL-017",
      "ESLL-018"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 137",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-137",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-137.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001436",
    "code": "ESLL 138",
    "title": "ESL Vocabulary IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students with advanced knowledge of English will expand their vocabulary by 300 new words which they will learn to recognize and use in written and oral communication. Students will also improve and apply vocabulary-learning strategies, such as text analysis, understanding word families, recognizing synonyms and collocations, analyzing word parts, and using dictionaries. Students complete 15 hours of using ESL software as part of the requirements for this course. Formerly ESLL 038. Prereq.- English language competence as determined by the ESL departmnet through testing and/or course work.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ESLL-015",
      "ESLL-018",
      "ESLL-028"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/ESLL 138",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-138",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/esll-138.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001437",
    "code": "FDST 110",
    "title": "Food and Identity",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students in this course will explore how people use food to identify themselves as individuals and as groups. Students will study the meaning and significance of food in different cultures, by exploring the way that ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status and religion influence our food choices. An emphasis will be placed on the examination of how people transmit and preserve culture and intricate relationships through food.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FDST 110",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/fdst-110",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/fdst-110.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001438",
    "code": "FDST 201",
    "title": "Sustainable Food Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students in this course will investigate how farmers,<span> </span></span></span><span><span>government</span></span><span><span>, and consumers shape a local food system. Attention will be given to local culture, geography, and politics and how they provide opportunities and obstacles for feeding a region. This course will guide students to think critically about local, national, and international food systems and how our food decisions shape and are shaped by our understanding of environmental, political, social, and economic issues.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
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    "id": "northampton-001439",
    "code": "FOOD 110",
    "title": "Food Preparation",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course concentrates on basic food preparations, including station assignments, theory, personnel organization, service and storage; lecture, demonstration, and participation. Students must provide documentation of certification in ServSafe from the National Restaurant Association prior to enrolling in the class. Documentation should be submitted to the Hospitality Management program. Offered Fall semester only. Prereq. - HOSP101.",
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    "id": "northampton-001440",
    "code": "FOOD 113",
    "title": "Sanitation & Kitchen Operations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Safety procedures and regulations applied to the food service industry; sanitary practices and procedures, causes and control of food-borne illness; traditional kitchen set-up and management practices related to personnel administration; NIFI certification.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 113",
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    "id": "northampton-001441",
    "code": "FOOD 120",
    "title": "Quantity Food Prep & Catering",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Advanced theory and food preparation techniques with an emphasis on buffet style service and large catered event functions. Prereq. - FOOD 110.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 120",
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    "id": "northampton-001442",
    "code": "FOOD 122",
    "title": "Menu Planning and Controls",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-001443",
    "code": "FOOD 123",
    "title": "Menu Planning/Food Beverage CostControl",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 123",
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    "id": "northampton-001444",
    "code": "FOOD 125",
    "title": "Food & Beverage Controls",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-001445",
    "code": "FOOD 128",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Distilled beverages and wines; purchasing procedures, storage and service; management and control.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 128",
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    "code": "FOOD 130",
    "title": "Convention Services & Catering",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on the foundation of convention services which includes reaching and servicing the group meetings and special event markets. The process of selling space, functions and events to groups will be covered. The course will also cover the management and marketing of catering on and off premises, including special event functions. The planning, financing, organizing, marketing and operations of catered events will be discussed. Students apply learning through the participation in 32 hours of on-campus catered events.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 130",
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    "id": "northampton-001447",
    "code": "FOOD 140",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Beer, Wine,and Spirits",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course will provide the foundational knowledge of Beer, Wine, and Spirits in the growing global hospitality industry. This course provides an overview of the origins, production, sales, and responsible service of wines, spirits and beers. Topics include styles, service techniques, product knowledge, sensory analysis and beverage tasting. Sensory analysis is a significant part of the course and anyone under 21 years of age can only use sight and smell analysis.</p>",
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    "id": "northampton-001448",
    "code": "FOOD 201",
    "title": "Purchasing for Hospitality Ind",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Purchasing large quantities of food products, their specifications, grades and storage capabilities; wholesale food concepts.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 201",
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    "id": "northampton-001449",
    "code": "FOOD 220",
    "title": "Classical Cuisine",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 220",
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    "id": "northampton-001450",
    "code": "FOOD 250",
    "title": "Restaurant Administration",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course provides instruction in and practical application of the operations of multiple restaurant segments. Students will examine various topics in relation to front of the house operations, management practices, technology, trends and communication techniques. Students will engage in learning theory and practice of service fundamentals through a lab experience.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001451",
    "code": "FOOD 401",
    "title": "Food Preparation I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 401",
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    "id": "northampton-001452",
    "code": "FOOD 402",
    "title": "Intro to Food Service Industry",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 402",
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    "id": "northampton-001453",
    "code": "FOOD 403",
    "title": "Sanitation & Kitchen Operation",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 403",
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    "id": "northampton-001454",
    "code": "FOOD 421",
    "title": "Food Preparation II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 421",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001455",
    "code": "FOOD 422",
    "title": "Menu Planning and Controls",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 422",
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    "id": "northampton-001456",
    "code": "FOOD 426",
    "title": "Purchasing for Hospitality Ind",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 426",
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    "id": "northampton-001457",
    "code": "FOOD 431",
    "title": "Internship",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 431",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001458",
    "code": "FOOD 501",
    "title": "Classical Cuisine",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 501",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/food-501.md"
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    "id": "northampton-001459",
    "code": "FOOD 502",
    "title": "Restaurant Sales and Marketing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 502",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/food-502.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001460",
    "code": "FOOD 503",
    "title": "Food & Beverage Controls",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 503",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/food-503",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/food-503.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001461",
    "code": "FOOD 506",
    "title": "Elements of Baking",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 506",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/food-506",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/food-506.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001462",
    "code": "FOOD 521",
    "title": "Dining Room Operation",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 521",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/food-521",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/food-521.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001463",
    "code": "FOOD 522",
    "title": "Wines and Spirits",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FOOD 522",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/food-522",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/food-522.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001464",
    "code": "FUNS 101",
    "title": "Funeral Directing I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>The procedures to be used by the funeral director to carry out the necessary functions associated with the notification of a death, transfer of human remains, shipment of remains; arrangement conference counseling, visitation, funeral or memorial services, disposition, and post-funeral services (aftercare); pre-funded/preplanned funerals funeral related financial resources (Social Security, Veteran's Administration, National Cemeteries, Armed Forces, Public Assistance, etc.)</p><p></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ACCT100",
      "ACCT101",
      "BIOS160",
      "BIOS202",
      "BUSA152",
      "CHEM135",
      "CISC101",
      "PSYC221"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 101",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-101.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001465",
    "code": "FUNS 102",
    "title": "Introduction to Funeral Service",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>An overview of the funeral service profession with an emphasis on professionalism, funeral history, current and future trends, statistics, and relevant vocabulary. Restricted to Funeral students. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ACCT100",
      "ACCT101",
      "BIOS160",
      "BIOS202",
      "BUSA152",
      "CHEM135",
      "CISC101",
      "PSYC221"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 102",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-102",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001466",
    "code": "FUNS 105",
    "title": "Funeral Directing II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>A review of the typical religious funeral customs associated with Judaism, Roman Catholicism, Protestantism, religious practices, fraternal funerals, military honors and strategies to enhance the relationships between the funeral director, the clergy, and the bereaved. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "FUNS-101",
      "FUNS-102",
      "FUNS-203",
      "FUNS-210"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 105",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-105",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-105.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001467",
    "code": "FUNS 201",
    "title": "Funeral Service Merchandising",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Business principles related to pricing, promotion, personnel management, inventory control, computer usage, and merchandising &amp; pricing of caskets, outer burial containers, and cremation urns, etc. Restricted to Funeral students. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ACCT-100",
      "BUSA-152",
      "BUSA-221G",
      "PSYC-221"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 201",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-201",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001468",
    "code": "FUNS 203",
    "title": "Pathology for Funeral Service",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Pathological changes affecting the human body, its structure, function, with particular emphasis on the implications these changes have on the embalming and/or restorative art process. Restricted to Funeral students. Offered fall semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 203",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-203",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-203.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001469",
    "code": "FUNS 210",
    "title": "Embalming Theory I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Theoretical training in all phases of the embalming process, including an orientation and introduction to embalming, death, pre-embalming changes, embalming instrumentation, preparation of the body, selection of vessels, injection and drain-age techniques, dilution-distribution-diffusion, cavity treatment, and postmortem examinations. Restricted to Funeral students. Prereq. - BIOS 160 (or BIOS204 and 254) and CHEM135. Offered fall semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS-160",
      "BIOS204",
      "BIOS254",
      "CHEM135"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 210",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-210.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001470",
    "code": "FUNS 211",
    "title": "Embalming I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 211",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-211.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001471",
    "code": "FUNS 212",
    "title": "Funeral Service Clinical I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course provides on-campus practical experience in all phases of the applied embalming process and responsibilities required of a funeral director. This course is graded Pass/Fail. Coreq. - FUNS 210. Additional course fees: $75.00. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "FUNS210"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 212",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001472",
    "code": "FUNS 220",
    "title": "Embalming Theory II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Theoretical training in all phases of the embalming process, including embalming chemicals and arterial solutions, specific embalming treatments, disaster management, the history of embalming, biohazardous waste disposal, OSHA standards, and case analysis; continuation of Embalming Theory I. Restricted to Funeral students. Prereq. - FUNS 210 with C or better. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "FUNS210"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 220",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-220",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-220.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001473",
    "code": "FUNS 221",
    "title": "Embalming II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 221",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-221.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001474",
    "code": "FUNS 222",
    "title": "Funeral Service Clinical II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>A continuation of FUNS212, this course provides on-campus practical experiences in all phases of the applied embalming process and responsibilities required of a funeral director. Restricted to Funeral students. This course is graded Pass/Fail. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "FUNS212",
      "FUNS-241"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 222",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001475",
    "code": "FUNS 231",
    "title": "Funeral Service and Small Business Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>The role and function of an effective funeral home manager with emphasis on entrepreneurial skills related to buying and selling a funeral home, succession planning, managing facilities, financial statements, financing, and consumer behavior. Restricted to Funeral students</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "FUNS-101",
      "FUNS-201"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 231",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001476",
    "code": "FUNS 241",
    "title": "Funeral Services Field Study I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course provides a minimum of six (6) hours per week of cooperative education in an approved funeral home, under the direction of a licensed funeral director. Students will be required to perform tasks related to the embalming procedure and funeral directing. This course is graded Pass/Fail. Restricted to Funeral Service Education students. Additional course fees: $75.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 241",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-241",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-241.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001477",
    "code": "FUNS 242",
    "title": "Funeral Services Field Study II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>A continuation of FUNS 241, this course provides a minimum of 6 hours per week of cooperative education in an approved funeral home, under the direction of a licensed funeral director. Students will be required to perform tasks related to the embalming procedure and funeral directing. Restricted to Funeral Service Education students. This course is graded Pass/Fail.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "FUNS212",
      "FUNS241"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 242",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-242",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-242.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001478",
    "code": "FUNS 251",
    "title": "US and PA Funeral Law and Ethics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Basic business laws and principles associated with funeral contracts, negligence, tort liability, magistrates, state and local courts, disposition rights, probate, Pennsylvania Funeral Director Law and the rules and regulations, and ethical behavior in funeral service. Restricted to Funeral students. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "FUNS-101",
      "FUNS102",
      "FUNS203",
      "FUNS-210"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 251",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/funs-251.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001479",
    "code": "FUNS 255",
    "title": "Cosmetology & Restorative Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Aspects of general art as applied to funeral service, anatomical modeling, facial expressions, familiarization with tools, materials and techniques necessary to reconstruct human features, color in cosmetics, and development of special laboratory skills. Restricted to Funeral students. Prereq. - BIOS 160 or 254. Additional course fees: $85.00. Offered spring semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [
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      "BIOS254"
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    "description": null,
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 441",
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    "code": "FUNS 453",
    "title": "Funeral Directing",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 453",
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    "code": "FUNS 500",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "FUNS 501",
    "title": "Embalming I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 501",
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    "code": "FUNS 503",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 503",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 550",
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    "id": "northampton-001495",
    "code": "FUNS 551",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 551",
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    "id": "northampton-001496",
    "code": "FUNS 553",
    "title": "U.S. & Pa Funeral Law",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "title": "Costmetology & Restorative Art",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "FUNS 555",
    "title": "Funeral Trends and Allied Prof",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/FUNS 555",
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    "code": "FUNS 557",
    "title": "Cosmetology & Restorative Art",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001500",
    "code": "GEOG 101",
    "title": "Cultures, Peoples and the Environments of the World",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course in an introduction to fundamental principles of physical and human geography, with topics ranging from climate change, plate tectonics, globalization, world cultures, cultural identity, human </span><span>migration</span><span> and their interactions. We will examine the relationships among space, place, environment, and culture </span><span>in an effort to</span><span> understand why events and processes occur at specific locations, and how those events and processes influence activities elsewhere, including the effects of global networks and capital on culture regions, local practices and people will be explored. Our central question as geography students will be - Why is this happening in this </span><span>particular place</span><span> at this </span><span>particular time</span><span>?</span></p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 101",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001501",
    "code": "GEOG 121",
    "title": "Environmental Sustainability",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course used scientific principles of ecology to analyze human impact on the natural environment. It examines population change, resource consumption, environmental modification, and their past and present relationships. With economics, politics, and culture providing context, the course explores possible paths to the sustainability of human society in the natural world. Course numbers ending with a G are Writing Intensive (WI). Also available through Online Learning. Core: SSHB, WI, D.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 121",
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    "id": "northampton-001502",
    "code": "GEOG 121G",
    "title": "Environmental Sustainability",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Human/environment interactions through history; basics of ecology with application to human ecology; causes and consequences of population growth, resource depletion, and pollution; relationships between these problems and possible solutions to them. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101. Core: SSHB, D, WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 121G",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/geog-121g.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001503",
    "code": "GEOG 123",
    "title": "Land Use Planning",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 123",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001504",
    "code": "GEOG 130",
    "title": "Geographic Info Systems",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) disciplines using Arc View software by ESRI; composition of a GIS, how to perform spatial analysis, manipulate data, develop presentations; emphasis on a project applicable to students' professional or personal interests; use of computers in the lab to work on project of student's choice.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 130",
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    "id": "northampton-001505",
    "code": "GEOG 140",
    "title": "Investigating Climate Change",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course examines the evidence relevant to the questions of whether global climate is changing and if human behavior is a cause; the ways that potential climate changes could be beneficial or harmful; the variation in the potential benefits and risks of climate change for different places and groups of people; the ways that individuals and society can respond to potential or actual climate change; the variety of reasons why people disagree about climate change. CORE: SSHB.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 140",
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    "id": "northampton-001506",
    "code": "GEOG 150",
    "title": "Astronomy",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Astronomy is an introductory course designed for both science and non-science majors. It will provide a broad introduction to Astronomy, including observational cycles and systems as well as, important historical developments. Weekly laboratory exercises are an integral part of this course, and these investigations are designed for students who have algebra and are comfortable with basic mathematical principles. Also available through Online Learning. Core: SCI.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 150",
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    "id": "northampton-001507",
    "code": "GEOG 151",
    "title": "Cultures, Economies and Environments of the US and Canada",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course is an introduction to </span><span>the United States and Canada’s </span><span>physical and human geography on a topical and regional basis. E</span><span>mphasis on historic and current development, changing population patterns, economic activities and regions, the distribution of natural resources, climate regions. The course will have a special emphasis on indigenous communities and cultures, food systems and climate adaptation and mitigation in rural and urban North America.</span></p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 151",
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    "id": "northampton-001508",
    "code": "GEOG 151G",
    "title": "Cultures, Economies and Environments of the US and Canada",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course is an introduction to </span><span>the United States and Canada’s </span><span>physical and human geography on a topical and regional basis. E</span><span>mphasis on historic and current development, changing population patterns, economic activities and regions, the distribution of natural resources, climate regions. The course will have a special emphasis on indigenous communities and cultures, food systems and climate adaptation and mitigation in rural and urban North America.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 151G",
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    "code": "GEOG 152",
    "title": "Economic Geography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 152",
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    "id": "northampton-001510",
    "code": "GEOG 193",
    "title": "Special Studies in Geography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 193",
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    "id": "northampton-001511",
    "code": "GEOG 201",
    "title": "Geography of Latin America",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 201",
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    "id": "northampton-001512",
    "code": "GEOG 201G",
    "title": "Geography of Latin America",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 201G",
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    "id": "northampton-001513",
    "code": "GEOG 210",
    "title": "Weather and Climate",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>The course provides an introduction to meteorology and atmospheric sciences. It includes the structure and composition of the atmosphere and the elements that affect it, such as pressure, humidity and temperature. It examines the development of a variety of weather phenomenon, such as cloud formation, fronts, storm system and severe weather, and reviews basic weather forecasting and analysis techniques. The course explores short and long-term climate processes and their impact on the environment and people. The course demonstrates how different regions of the world have been and will be impacted by climate change in the past, present and future. This is a laboratory science course and the concepts covered in lecture will be demonstrated with hands-on and technology-based activities using a variety of exercises, observations and experiments. Core: SCI, CT, D.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 210",
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    "id": "northampton-001514",
    "code": "GEOG 221G",
    "title": "Contemporary Middle East",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey of the natural environments and human societies from the Atlantic coast of North Africa to the Afghanistan-Pakistan frontier with particular focus placed on the Middle East region that lies at the center of this geographic realm. Also includes an interdisciplinary seminar on the conditions and conflicts of the contemporary Middle East and their connections to and implications for the United States and the Western World. Offered through the Honors Program only. Prereq.-GEOG 101, ENGL 101 and acceptance into the Honors Program or permission of the Honors Chair. Core: SIT, WI.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 221G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001515",
    "code": "GEOG 271",
    "title": "Introduction to Geographic Information Systems",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course teaches the fundamental concepts and basic functions of GIS (Geographic Information Systems), and their application to analyze and solve real-world problems. It is designed to introduce the student to the basic principles and techniques of GIS, the properties of GIS maps, and the structure of a GIS database. The lab material and course exercises will emphasize GIS data collection, entry, storage, analysis, and output using industry standard software. Students will develop basic software skills by working with industry standard tools to visualize geographic data, create maps, query a GIS database, and analyze data using common analysis tools. Core: SSHB.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 271",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001516",
    "code": "GEOG 293",
    "title": "Special Studies in Geography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "See statement of Special Studies. Offered on demand.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOG 293",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/geog-293.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001517",
    "code": "GEOL 201",
    "title": "Physical Geology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>The origin, development, structure and composition of the earth, and its surface and internal dynamics. Also available through Online Learning. Core: SCI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GEOL 201",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/geol-201",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001518",
    "code": "GLBL 130",
    "title": "Introduction to Global Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to ongoing challenges in social, cultural, environmental, economic, and political issues comprising the 21st century global society. Through this course, students gain an interdisciplinary synthesis of globalization through multiple perspectives and lenses, weighing what it is changing in the present and immediate future around the world. Core: D, SIT. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GLBL 130",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/glbl-130",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/glbl-130.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001519",
    "code": "GLBL 160",
    "title": "Field Experience and AcademicResearch in Global Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course serves as an alternate cultural immersion experience for students in the global studies program who do not complete a three-credit study-abroad course. The primary focus of the course will be on academic research and experiential learning projects geared toward developing competencies consistent with engaged and responsible global citizenship. This course includes 30 hours of field experience. Prereq. - GLBL130. Core: D, SIT.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "GLBL130"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GLBL 160",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001520",
    "code": "GLBL 230",
    "title": "Global Studies Capstone",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course serves as the capstone or culminating immersive experience for students in the global studies program. The course consists of engaged learning experiences while building upon the concept of global citizenship and global studies theory. Students will work with local companies, organizations, or non-profit/service agencies with an international or global focus as part of a 45-hour field learning experience. Prereq. - GLBL130. Core: D, SIT.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "GLBL130"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/GLBL 230",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001521",
    "code": "HCOA 154",
    "title": "Medical Terminology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Comprehensive study of medical terminology with emphasis on prefixes, suffixes, word roots, and spelling principles through the use of programmed materials, interactive computer experiences, lecture, and audio tape delivery. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
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    "code": "HCOA 172",
    "title": "Health Insurance Basics",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course reviews the procedures, rules and regulations as well as the history, structure, and organization of the health insurance processes. Emphasis will be placed on review of medical documentation and accuracy in the submission of health claims for optimal reimbursement. (Formerly OFAD172) Prereq. - HCOA154.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HCOA 172",
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    "code": "HCOA 175",
    "title": "ICD-10-CM/PCS Coding Methodologies",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course reviews the ICD-10-CM/PCS coding and classifications systems used in the health care setting. The emphasis is on the coding guidelines, rules and regulations as well as the history, structure and organization of the coding systems. Emphasis on the review of medical documentation, diagnosis selection and the correct sequencing for optimal reimbursement will also be integrated with the course. Prereq. - HCOA154. (Formerly known as OFAD175). Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HCOA 175",
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    "code": "HCOA 176",
    "title": "Current Procedural Terminology Coding Methodology",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HCOA 176",
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    "code": "HCOA 177",
    "title": "Health Information Technology",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "HCOA 240",
    "title": "Medical Office Mngmt Practices",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HCOA 240",
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    "code": "HCOA 250",
    "title": "Internship",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HCOA 250",
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    "code": "HCOA 254",
    "title": "Advanced Medical Terminology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is an in-depth study of medical terminology with emphasis on current usage pertaining to diagnostic techniques, disease processes, oncology, radiology, surgical and medical treatment/intervention. Prereq. - HCOA154. (Formerly known as OFAD254)</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HCOA 254",
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    "code": "HCOA 270",
    "title": "Advanced Coding for Medical Services",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HCOA 270",
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    "code": "HCOA 274",
    "title": "Special Topics in Health Care Office Administration",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces various healthcare topics, enhancing students' awareness of the field's dynamic nature. The subjects covered may vary to reflect current and significant developments in healthcare. Topics may include, but are not limited to Ethics, Quality, Compliance, Laws and DEI.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HCOA 274",
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    "code": "HCOA 275",
    "title": "Capstone Simulation for Coding",
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    "hours": 2,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HCOA 275",
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    "title": "Diversity & Cultural Competency in Healthcare",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed to explore diversity and cultural competency in healthcare. Students will explore and understand the wide array in which diversity and culture influence healthcare needs, expectations and decisions.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HCOA 276",
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    "code": "HCOA 280",
    "title": "Medical Coding in the Real World",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course will help students review everything that they learned in the Health Care Office Administration program so that it makes sense all together. This course is the first step in a student’s goal towards preparing to take the required certification(s) and ultimately a career in medical coding. It contextualizes all learning within that “real-world” setting, and presents instructions on how to correctly identify, select, and apply healthcare codes from each of the major code sets (ICD-10-CM, ICD-10-PCS, CPT and HCPCS), thus preparing students for medical coding in the real world.</p>",
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      "HCOA176"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HCOA 280",
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    "code": "HEAL 111",
    "title": "Tennis I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 111",
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    "code": "HEAL 112",
    "title": "Badminton",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 112",
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    "code": "HEAL 113",
    "title": "Volleyball",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 113",
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    "code": "HEAL 116",
    "title": "Golf",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 116",
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    "code": "HEAL 117",
    "title": "Bowling I",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 117",
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    "code": "HEAL 118",
    "title": "Downhill Skiing",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 118",
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    "code": "HEAL 119",
    "title": "Slo-Pitch Softball",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 119",
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    "id": "northampton-001541",
    "code": "HEAL 120",
    "title": "Racquetball",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 120",
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    "id": "northampton-001542",
    "code": "HEAL 121",
    "title": "Exercise thru Movement & Dance I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 121",
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    "id": "northampton-001543",
    "code": "HEAL 125",
    "title": "Weight Training I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 125",
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    "id": "northampton-001544",
    "code": "HEAL 130",
    "title": "Fitness I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 130",
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    "id": "northampton-001545",
    "code": "HEAL 150",
    "title": "Contemporary Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces students to current health and wellness issues, while helping them understand the challenges to living a holistically healthy lifestyle. Topics studied include, but are not limited to, behavior change, psychological health, managing stress, improving sleep, preventing injuries and violence, healthy relationships, addictions and other risky health behaviors, nutrition, fitness, weight management, disease prevention, and environmental health threats. Emphasis is placed on incorporating healthy practices into the student&#39;s lifestyle. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 150",
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    "id": "northampton-001546",
    "code": "HEAL 191",
    "title": "Special Studies in Health & PE",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 191",
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    "id": "northampton-001547",
    "code": "HEAL 193",
    "title": "Special Studies in Health & PE",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 193",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/heal-193.md"
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    "id": "northampton-001548",
    "code": "HEAL 195",
    "title": "Special Studies in Health & PE",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 195",
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    "id": "northampton-001549",
    "code": "HEAL 202",
    "title": "Bowling",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 202",
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    "id": "northampton-001550",
    "code": "HEAL 211",
    "title": "Tennis II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 211",
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    "id": "northampton-001551",
    "code": "HEAL 217",
    "title": "Bowling II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 217",
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    "id": "northampton-001552",
    "code": "HEAL 221",
    "title": "Exercise thru Movemt & Dance II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 221",
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    "id": "northampton-001553",
    "code": "HEAL 451",
    "title": "Health & Safety",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 451",
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    "id": "northampton-001554",
    "code": "HEAL 452",
    "title": "Growth & Nutrition",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 452",
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    "id": "northampton-001555",
    "code": "HEAL 453",
    "title": "Nutrition",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 453",
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    "id": "northampton-001556",
    "code": "HEAL 502",
    "title": "Health Safety & Nutrition",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 502",
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    "id": "northampton-001557",
    "code": "HEAL 553",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 553",
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    "id": "northampton-001558",
    "code": "HEAL 554",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HEAL 554",
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    "id": "northampton-001559",
    "code": "HIST 011",
    "title": "Urban Problems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 011",
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    "id": "northampton-001560",
    "code": "HIST 101",
    "title": "History of Western Civ. I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The evolution of Western society from the early city states of the near east system. Offered only via Study Abroad Program.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-101",
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    "id": "northampton-001561",
    "code": "HIST 102",
    "title": "Foun. of West. Civ to 1300",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 102",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-102.md"
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    "id": "northampton-001562",
    "code": "HIST 103",
    "title": "Ancient and Medieval History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey of the evolution of Western society from its origins in the Near East, through the significant civilizations of Egypt, the legacy of the Greco-Roman world, the shaping of the medieval world, the foundations of Europe, to the intellectual advances of the Renaissance. It is an interdisciplinary study emphasizing themes in history, religion, the humanities, and both social and natural science. Core: SIT. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 103",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-103",
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    "id": "northampton-001563",
    "code": "HIST 110",
    "title": "American National Government",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 110",
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    "id": "northampton-001564",
    "code": "HIST 111",
    "title": "Urban Reform in America",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 111",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-111",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001565",
    "code": "HIST 112",
    "title": "Foun. of US to 1829",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 112",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-112.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001566",
    "code": "HIST 113",
    "title": "American History I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "American history from the age of discovery/colonization to the Reconstruction Era; investigates the interaction of change and human experience over time; covers specific individuals, events, and public policies, as well as the relationship between cultures, institutions/systems, and human experience. Also available through Online Learning. Approved for the Honors Program. Core: SIT, D.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 113",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-113",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-113.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001567",
    "code": "HIST 113G",
    "title": "American History I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>American history from the age of discovery/colonization to the Reconstruction Era; investigates the interaction of change and human experience over time; covers specific individuals, events, and public policies, as well as the relationship between cultures, institutions/systems, and human experience. Also available through Online Learning. Prereq.- ENGL 101. Core: SIT, WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 113G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-113g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-113g.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001568",
    "code": "HIST 121",
    "title": "The Black Experience",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course closely examines the contributions that people of African descent have made to the development of the United States. It begins with the African origins of the Black population and traces their varied experiences through every major period in United States history from colonial times to the present. The course moves beyond politics to explore the rich cultural contributions made by African Americans in the areas of music, art, religion, and literature during such periods as the Harlem Renaissance, the Civil Rights movement, and the contemporary Hip Hop era, to include the Black Lives Matter movement. The theoretical framework is designed to teach students to appreciate the beauty, complexities, and contradictions that are inherent in the American mosaic.</p><p></p><p>Most prominent among the individuals we will study are Fredrick Douglas, Sojourner Truth, Brooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey, Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X. The schools of thought we will encounter encompass the ideological spectrum from conservatives to progressives. We will also consider the secondary works of the most eminent scholars in the related fields as each student is encouraged to reach independent conclusions about all the material presented in the course.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 121",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-121",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-121.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001569",
    "code": "HIST 121G",
    "title": "The Black Experience",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course closely examines the contributions that people of African descent have made to the development of the United States. It begins with the African origins of the Black population and traces their varied experiences through every major period in United States history from colonial times to the present. The course moves beyond politics to explore the rich cultural contributions made by African Americans in the areas of music, art, religion, and literature during such periods as the Harlem Renaissance, the Civil Rights movement, and the contemporary Hip Hop era, to include the Black Lives Matter movement. The theoretical framework is designed to teach students to appreciate the beauty, complexities, and contradictions that are inherent in the American mosaic.</p><p></p><p>Most prominent among the individuals we will study are Fredrick Douglas, Sojourner Truth, Brooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Marcus Garvey, Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks, and Malcolm X. The schools of thought we will encounter encompass the ideological spectrum from conservatives to progressives. We will also consider the secondary works of the most eminent scholars in the related fields as each student is encouraged to reach independent conclusions about all the material presented in the course.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL-101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 121G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-121g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-121g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001570",
    "code": "HIST 123",
    "title": "African Civilizations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is a survey course of several major African Civilizations. Civilizations chosen may vary by instructor but will normally include the classic cultures of Nubia, Kemet, Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Monomotapa, Yoruba, Asante, and Zulu. The period covered is from antiquity to the 19th century. Focus is on the cosmology, worldview, and culture of Africans and the impact of cross- cultural contacts. The course will also include a cursory look at colonial and post-colonial Africa. CORE: SIT.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 123",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-123.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001571",
    "code": "HIST 130",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 130",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-130",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-130.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001572",
    "code": "HIST 140",
    "title": "Modern Chinese History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This survey class will cover China's history from the founding of the last imperial dynasty to the period of economic reform following the death of Mao Zedong. Students will learn about China's long struggle to adapt traditional society to the modern world through years of colonialism, internal upheaval and war. Core: SIT, D.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 140",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-140",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-140.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001573",
    "code": "HIST 142",
    "title": "Emerg.of Amer.in Mod.Wor.1829",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 142",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-142",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-142.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001574",
    "code": "HIST 151",
    "title": "History of Western Civ II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Post-Napoleonic Europe, the Revolutions of 1848, the unifications of Germany and Italy, Imperialism; the causes, course, and results of World War I, the depression and the ideologies of the 20th century and World War II; the post-war struggle between the super-powers. Offered only via Study Abroad Program.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 151",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-151",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-151.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001575",
    "code": "HIST 152",
    "title": "Emer. of the Modern Wor1300-1914",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 152",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-152",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-152.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001576",
    "code": "HIST 153",
    "title": "Found Mod Euro Hist 1300-1815",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "From the breakdown of the medieval feudal synthesis to the emergence of the modern world, this course cover the Renaissance, Reformation, Counter-Reformation, the rise of Absolutism, the Enlightenment and the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution. Course numbers ending in G are Writing Intensive (WI). Core: SIT. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 153",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-153",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-153.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001577",
    "code": "HIST 153G",
    "title": "Found Mod Euro Hist 1300-1815",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>From the breakdown of the medieval feudal synthesis to the emergence of the modern world, this course cover the Renaissance, Reformation, Counter-Reformation, the rise of Absolutism, the Enlightenment and the beginnings of the Industrial Revolution. Students who have taken HIST 152 may not take this course. Course numbers ending in G are Writing Intensive (WI). Core: SIT.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 153G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-153g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-153g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001578",
    "code": "HIST 162",
    "title": "20th Cent Amer in World",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 162",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-162",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-162.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001579",
    "code": "HIST 163",
    "title": "American History II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course covers major political and social events in the United States from the Civil War to World War II. Special attention is paid to westward expansion, immigration, the Jazz Age, and the Great Depression. The course takes an inclusive perspective in analyzing the forces and people of diverse backgrounds who built the country. While studying each period, students learn that events are facts that have causes and consequences. Intellectually, students learn to appreciate the beauty of the United States while grappling with complexity and its many contradictions. </span></span>Approved for the Honors Program. Core: SIT.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 163",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-163",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-163.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001580",
    "code": "HIST 163G",
    "title": "American History II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 163G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-163g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-163g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001581",
    "code": "HIST 165",
    "title": "The American Experience of Warfare",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An exploration of American Involvement in warfare and military actions from the late 1860's to the present. The course will give students the opportunity to examine the causes and contexts of the nation's wars; political decisions related to warfare; combat leadership, strategies and outcomes; the effect of the military and of warfare on the American economy and domestic society; the role of dissent during wartime, and the position of military veterans. CORE: SIT, D, WI.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 165",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-165",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-165.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001582",
    "code": "HIST 165G",
    "title": "The American Experience of Warfare",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>An exploration of American Involvement in warfare and military actions from the late 1860&#39;s to the present. The course will give students the opportunity to examine the causes and contexts of the nation&#39;s wars; political decisions related to warfare; combat leadership, strategies and outcomes; the effect of the military and of warfare on the American economy and domestic society; the role of dissent during wartime, and the position of military veterans. CORE: SIT, D, WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL-101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 165G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-165g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-165g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001583",
    "code": "HIST 166",
    "title": "Civil War and Reconstruction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Political, social, economic, and military aspects of the Civil War and Reconstruction, from 1845-1877. Course discusses systemic American racism, slavery, sectionalism, and the causes of the Civil War; wartime activities of the Union and Confederacy; leading personalities; issues and policies of the Reconstruction era and the Compromise of 1877. Also available through Online Learning. Core: D, SIT.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 166",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-166",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-166.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001584",
    "code": "HIST 166G",
    "title": "Civil War and Reconstruction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Political, social, economic, and military aspects of the Civil War and Reconstruction, from 1845-1877. Course discusses systemic American racism, slavery, sectionalism, and the causes of the Civil War; wartime activities of the Union and Confederacy; leading personalities; issues and policies of the Reconstruction era and the Compromise of 1877. Prereq. - ENGL 101. Also available through Online Learning. Core: D, SIT, WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 166G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-166g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-166g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001585",
    "code": "HIST 167",
    "title": "Vietnam",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>The Vietnam War and its political context, and the basic themes in Vietnamese, French, and U.S. history and culture that helped determine the military and political outcomes. Also available through Online Learning. Core: SIT.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 167",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-167",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-167.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001586",
    "code": "HIST 168",
    "title": "History of the Middle East",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores the development of the modern Middle East, paying particular attention to the region's multiple cultures; the rise, spread, and influence of Islam; the challenges of imperialism; and the economic, social, and political changes that have occurred in the region since the 7th Century. Analysis will be made of the Middle East's influences on the West, and the shifting power relationships that have caused extensive conflict and turmoil among its people. Core: SIT, D.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 168",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-168",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-168.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001587",
    "code": "HIST 168G",
    "title": "History of the Middle East",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course explores the development of the modern Middle East, paying particular attention to the region&#39;s multiple cultures; the rise, spread, and influence of Islam; the challenges of imperialism; and the economic, social, and political changes that have occurred in the region since the 7th Century. Analysis will be made of the Middle East&#39;s influences on the West, and the shifting power relationships that have caused extensive conflict and turmoil among its people. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101. Core: SIT, D, WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL-101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 168G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-168g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-168g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001588",
    "code": "HIST 169",
    "title": "History of Latinos in the US",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course examines the history of the Latino/Latina presence in the United States from the earliest years of Spanish exploration until the present. Topics explored will include patterns of settlement and interactions with Natives from the 16th century onward; developments in Texas, the Southwest and Puerto Rico due to territorial expansion; patterns of migration and immigration including changes in US immigration policies; experiences of business, work and labor organization; the wide variety of Latino/Latina cultural expression; questions of assimilation; comparative experiences of various Latino/Latina ethnicities; and aspects of race, gender and social class.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 169",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-169",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-169.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001589",
    "code": "HIST 169G",
    "title": "History of Latinos in the US",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course examines the history of the Latino/Latina presence in the United States from the earliest years of Spanish exploration until the present. Topics explored will include patterns of settlement and interactions with Natives from the 16th century onward; developments in Texas, the Southwest and Puerto Rico due to territorial expansion; patterns of migration and immigration including changes in US immigration policies; experiences of business, work and labor organization; the wide variety of Latino/Latina cultural expression; questions of assimilation; comparative experiences of various Latino/Latina ethnicities; and aspects of race, gender and social class.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL-101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 169G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-169g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-169g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001590",
    "code": "HIST 170G",
    "title": "History of Africa",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 170G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-170g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-170g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001591",
    "code": "HIST 172",
    "title": "20th Cent.World Since 1914",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 172",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-172",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-172.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001592",
    "code": "HIST 173",
    "title": "Modern European History 1815-Present",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Post-Napoleonic Europe, the revolutions of 1898, the unifications of Germany and Italy, Imperialism, the causes and results of World War I, the Depression and the ideologies of the 20th century and World War II. The post-war struggle between the super-powers will also be treated. Students who have taken HIST 172 may not take this course. Core: SIT, CT, D.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 173",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-173",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-173.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001593",
    "code": "HIST 173G",
    "title": "Modern European History 1815-Present",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Post-Napoleonic Europe, the revolutions of 1898, the unifications of Germany and Italy, Imperialism, the causes and results of World War I, the Depression and the ideologies of the 20th century and World War II. The post-war struggle between the super-powers will also be treated. Students who have taken HIST 172 may not take this course. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL101. Core: SIT, IL, CT, D WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL-101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 173G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-173g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-173g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001594",
    "code": "HIST 182",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 182",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-182",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-182.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001595",
    "code": "HIST 183",
    "title": "Mod Ameri History: 1945- Present",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course will focus on major developments in US history from the end of World War II until the present. It will explore themes in society, politics, economics, and foreign policy with an emphasis on the interaction of change and the human experience over time. Specific individuals, events, and public policies will be covered, along with the relationship between cultures, institutions/systems, and human experience. Topics will include the Cold War and the War on Terror; mass consumerism, the welfare state, deregulation, deindustrialization, and digital technology; the Civil Rights Movement and other post-world war social movements; the rise of the new left and the new right; and immigration and globalization. Core: SIT, D.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 183",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-183",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-183.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001596",
    "code": "HIST 192",
    "title": "Special Studies in History",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 192",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-192",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-192.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001597",
    "code": "HIST 193",
    "title": "Special Studies in History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 193",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-193",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-193.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001598",
    "code": "HIST 196",
    "title": "Spcl Studies Music in 20th Cen",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 196",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-196",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-196.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001599",
    "code": "HIST 201",
    "title": "History of US I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 201",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-201",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-201.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001600",
    "code": "HIST 202",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 202",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-202",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hist-202.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001601",
    "code": "HIST 203",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-001602",
    "code": "HIST 204",
    "title": "Social Problems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-001603",
    "code": "HIST 210",
    "title": "History of Science",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an interdisciplinary overview of the greatest scientific discoveries in history and the people who made them from the ancients to the present. Core: SIT.",
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    "id": "northampton-001604",
    "code": "HIST 211",
    "title": "History of Pennsylvania",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will focus on Pennsylvania history from pre-colonization to the present day. It will examine events specific to the history of the Commonwealth, the state's role in the nation, and national and local events with impact on the state. The course will cover state political, economic and social issues and how they have evolved with the history of the state. Pre- or coreq. - HIST 113 or 163. Core: SIT. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "HIST113",
      "HIST163"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 211",
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    "id": "northampton-001605",
    "code": "HIST 221",
    "title": "American Media History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is a study of the development of American broadcast media institutions, from radio's earliest beginnings to the complex media structure of today. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL-101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 221",
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    "id": "northampton-001606",
    "code": "HIST 251",
    "title": "History of the U.S. II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 251",
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    "id": "northampton-001607",
    "code": "HIST 255",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 255",
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    "id": "northampton-001608",
    "code": "HIST 401",
    "title": "Fabric of American Society I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 401",
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    "id": "northampton-001609",
    "code": "HIST 402",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 402",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001610",
    "code": "HIST 410",
    "title": "History of Western Civil. I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 410",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001611",
    "code": "HIST 483",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 483",
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    "id": "northampton-001612",
    "code": "HIST 902",
    "title": "Afro-American Culture",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HIST 902",
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    "id": "northampton-001613",
    "code": "HOSP 101",
    "title": "Intro to the Hospitality Industry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an overview of the global hospitality industry and the many industry segments, such as hotels, restaurants, beverages, meeting and event planning, etc. Students are exposed to the various functions of each segment, as well as leading-edge issues, trends, career options, and the complex leadership role of the hospitality manager.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 101",
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    "id": "northampton-001614",
    "code": "HOSP 105",
    "title": "Managing the Service Experience",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<div><p><span><span>This course is designed to provide the student with an understandi</span><span>ng of the importance of Customer </span></span><span><span>Service in a service economy and the critical necessity of service</span><span>. </span><span>Students will learn how to create value by building customer loyalty</span><span>. Specific skills will</span><span> </span><span>be enhanced </span><span>including:</span><span> positive attitude projection, anticipation of and exceeding customer</span><span> </span><span>exp</span><span>ectations,</span><span> and management tools that will help inspire</span><span> </span><span>o</span><span>thers to offer excellent customer</span><span> service</span><span>. </span><span>Students will expl</span><span>ore methods of </span><span>identifying</span><span> customer</span><span> needs, expectations, and satisfaction in the digital age</span><span>.</span></span></p></div>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 105",
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    "id": "northampton-001615",
    "code": "HOSP 111",
    "title": "Food and Beverage Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide students with an understanding of the hospitality food service industry, it's variety of operations/outlets and how to gain the skills to successfully manage these operations/outlets. Areas of study include an overview of food and beverage outlets, food service marketing, menu analysis, menu cost and pricing strategies. Analysis will be done on service standard operating procedures, types of service, food and beverage sourcing, and beverage management. Offered spring semester only.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 111",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001616",
    "code": "HOSP 121",
    "title": "Sales & Mktg - Hospitality Ind.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Basic knowledge required to market a property through the development of a marketing plan, advertising, promotion and public relations.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 121",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001617",
    "code": "HOSP 125",
    "title": "Meetings, Conventions and Expositions",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course </span><span>provides</span><span> information on planning events such as meetings, conferences, conventions, trade shows, </span><span>sporting</span><span> and televised events</span><span>. </span><span>Students are introduced to the differences between events, employees involved in venues and the steps that are taken to plan, organize, produce, </span><span>budget</span><span> and evaluate such activities within the event segment.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 125",
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    "id": "northampton-001618",
    "code": "HOSP 128",
    "title": "Wedding and Social Event Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course focuses on the unique management requirements of social events and weddings, with an emphasis on starting and managing an event management business. Course topics include an exploration of special events in different cultures, event theme and decor, lighting and visual effects, attire, vendors and entertainers, and day-of-event logistics.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 128",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001619",
    "code": "HOSP 130",
    "title": "Convention Services & Catering Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course focuses on the foundation of convention services, which includes reaching and servicing the group meetings and special event markets</span><span>. </span><span>The process of selling space, function types, table design, room design, </span><span>technology</span><span> and event trends. The course will also cover </span><span>the management</span><span> practices with guest demographic, </span><span>client</span><span> and employee communication.</span><span> The planning, financing, organizing, </span><span>marketing</span><span> and operations of catered events </span><span>are discussion topics</span><span>. Students apply </span><span>learning</span><span> through the participation in three on-campus catered events. Formerly FOOD 130</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "HOSP101",
      "HOSP105"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 130",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001620",
    "code": "HOSP 132",
    "title": "Event Promotion and Sponsorship",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course examines how to promote events and use events to endorse products, services and causes. Specifics covered include image, branding, advertising, publicity, ambush marketing and public relations, their importance to an event or product, the benefits and best practices of each. Cause marketing, corporate philanthropy, corporate social responsibility, non-profits and donations will all be analyzed in relationship to sponsorship. Also covered are the coordinating methods to secure sponsorship contracts. </p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 132",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001621",
    "code": "HOSP 140",
    "title": "Principles of Festival Operations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course offers an in-depth exploration of the planning and management of domestic festivals, both profit and nonprofit. Students will learn to identify target audiences, define festival goals, and align these with customer expectations. The course covers essential logistics, management strategies, and practical techniques for organizing successful festivals. Emphasis is placed on the economic impact of festivals, with a focus on effective communication and a comprehensive approach to risk management.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 140",
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    "id": "northampton-001622",
    "code": "HOSP 142",
    "title": "Concerts and Live Entertainment",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course offers an in-depth exploration of the logistics involved in planning, producing, and promoting live events. Students will gain practical knowledge in talent booking and artist management, as well as developing budgets and executing strategies for successful concerts and live entertainment. The course covers essential aspects such as organizing, managing, marketing, and selling events, with a focus on communication and event coordination.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 142",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001623",
    "code": "HOSP 150",
    "title": "Resort Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course highlights the operation and management of resort properties. Beginning with the resort concept and the historical development of resorts, details are presented in planning, development, management, </span><span>marketing</span><span> and financial aspects that deal with the unique nature of resort business. Analysis of management systems and methods for development of full-service resorts are presented, along with comparison of specialized requirements for </span><span>different types</span><span> of resorts based on location, climate, activities, and </span><span>life-style</span><span>. Formerly HOTL 150.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 150",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001624",
    "code": "HOSP 193",
    "title": "Special Studies: Hosp.Computer Apps. Hosp. Mgt.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 193",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hosp-193.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001625",
    "code": "HOSP 201",
    "title": "Strategic Leadership Hospitality",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed to acquaint students with the leadership, management, supervision and quality issues facing today&#39;s hospitality industry. It covers the organization and management of hospitality operations.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 201",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001626",
    "code": "HOSP 205",
    "title": "Computer Applications inHospitality Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The essentials of computer systems; hardware and software applications in the hospitality industry; hotel front office management, food cost control, guest accounting functions, menu management; other hospitality applications.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 205",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001627",
    "code": "HOSP 207",
    "title": "Rooms Division Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course provides students with an understanding of the rooms division operations of a hotel. Areas of study include an overview of Front Office procedures, Housekeeping, Engineering, Night Audit, Security, and Revenue Management. Technology and computer software that </span><span>operates</span><span> the hotel will be introduced</span><span>. </span><span>Reservation channels and techniques for managing demand at the hotel will be presented. Formerly HOTL 207.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 207",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001628",
    "code": "HOSP 210",
    "title": "Human Resource Management for the Hospitality Industry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course focuses on recruiting, selection</span><span>, orientation, training and development, performance appraisals, compensation, discipline methods, and developing skills to be a successful manager within the culturally diverse hospitality industry.</span><span> </span><span>The course is designed to provide an introduction </span><span>of</span><span> practical knowledge of law and operations of the legal system as it pertains to the hospitality industry. </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 210",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001629",
    "code": "HOSP 211",
    "title": "Convention & Meeting Planning",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 211",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001630",
    "code": "HOSP 212",
    "title": "Hospitality Financial Reporting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course will provide an understanding of the principles of finance and accounting and to comprehend the money implications of decisions in hospitality. Basic relevant financial concepts and financial tools are introduced to improve business decision making, including how to read balance sheets, income statements, profit and loss, cash flow statements, critical ratios and other financial measurements and to interpret what the numbers mean.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 212",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001631",
    "code": "HOSP 215",
    "title": "Hospitality Sales and Marketing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>The course is designed to provide students with an understanding of marketing and sales, as they relate to the major decisions hospitality marketers face in balancing objectives and resources against the needs and opportunities in the global marketplace. The course focuses on the hospitality markets and products through a creation of a marketing plan. The increased role of hospitality technology to improve hospitality sales will also be addressed.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 215",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001632",
    "code": "HOSP 221",
    "title": "Hospitality Management Practicum",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Structured work experience in selected hotels, resorts or restaurants; minimum of 225 contact hours. Students are required to function in a variety of workstations to reinforce learned classroom/lab skills. The student will be required to submit evaluations of his/her work. The application of hospitality management principles to the work environment services as valuable learning experience for the student. Prereq.: HOSP 101, 105, 111, 201, 210 and 215.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 221",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001633",
    "code": "HOSP 221G",
    "title": "Hospitality Management Practicum",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Structured work experience in selected hotels, resorts or restaurants; meeting and event planning venues; and adventure tourism facilities. Minimum of 225 contact hours. Students are required to function in a variety of workstations to reinforce learned classroom/lab skills, the student will be required to submit evaluations of his/her work. The application of hospitality principles to the work environment serves as a valuable learning experience for the student. This course may be taken four times for credit.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "HOSP101",
      "HOSP105",
      "HOSP111",
      "HOSP210",
      "HOSP215",
      "ENGL101"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 221G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001634",
    "code": "HOSP 223",
    "title": "Disney College Program",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "In this course, students will live and work at Walt Disney World and learn current business practices, customer service, leadership skills, communication skills, workforce diversity, and corporate trends. While at Walt Disney World, students are encouraged to take at least one three (3) credit Disney course, which is accredited by the American Council on Education (ACE). Administrative fee: $50. Prereq. - Currently enrolled at NCC, have completed a minimum of 12 college credits, have a minimum cumulative GPA of 2.0.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 223",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001635",
    "code": "HOSP 224",
    "title": "Disney Advanced Internship",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "In this course, students will live work full time at Walt Disney World as part of an Advanced Internship designed to give them career related experience. While not an exhaustive list, most frequently hired disciplines include Accounting and Finance, Marketing and Sales, Chemistry, Conservation Education, Veterinary Science, Biotechnology, Library Science, Human Resources, and Hospitality. Administrative fee: $50. Prereq.- Must be currently enrolled at NCC, in good academic standing, meet all the requirements for the particular Advanced Internship (such as experience and program of study), successfully participate in competitive selection process with Disney College recruiting staff. The majority of Advanced Internships require prior Disney World Experience (HOSP 223).",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 224",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001636",
    "code": "HOSP 230",
    "title": "Meeting and Event Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers theoretical and practical foundations for event management.&nbsp; Students will examine venues and components of managing a successful meeting or event.&nbsp; Students will examine alternatives in various topics in relation to event technology, security/risk management, financial management, sustainability, and site plan/inspection.&nbsp; Students will engage in learning theory and practice of service fundamentals through a lab experience to perform management decision making.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "HOSP-125"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 230",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001637",
    "code": "HOSP 292",
    "title": "Special Studies in Hosp. Mgnt.",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 292",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001638",
    "code": "HOSP 293",
    "title": "Special Studies in Hospitality",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "See Statement on Special Studies on page 12. Offered on demand.",
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    "id": "northampton-001639",
    "code": "HOSP 411",
    "title": "Sales & Mktg - Hospitality Ind",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-001640",
    "code": "HOSP 506",
    "title": "Convention & Meeting Planning",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOSP 506",
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    "id": "northampton-001641",
    "code": "HOTL 110",
    "title": "Hospitality Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course will introduce students to the operations of the legal system and practical knowledge of law as it pertains to the hospitality industry. A case study approach will be used to understand restaurant, hotel, and travel laws and regulations that influence business and management decisions in the hospitality industry. The course is designed to provide the student with the practical knowledge of law and the operations of the legal system. Also available through Online Learning.",
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    "id": "northampton-001642",
    "code": "HOTL 140",
    "title": "Club Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a study of club management, to include country, professional, private, city, athletic and other forms of clubs. Concepts covered include the organizational structure of clubs, board of directors, membership requirements, service excellence, leadership, human resources, strategic and financial management, food and beverage operations, club marketing and computer systems.",
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    "id": "northampton-001643",
    "code": "HOTL 150",
    "title": "Resort Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course highlights the operation and management of resort properties. Beginning with the resort concept and the historical development of resorts, details are presented in planning, development, management, marketing and financial aspects that deal with the unique nature of resort business. Analysis of management systems and methods for development of full-service resorts are presented, along with comparison of specialized requirements for different types of resorts based on location, climate, activities, and life-style",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001644",
    "code": "HOTL 160",
    "title": "Introduction to Gaming Industry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an overview of casino management with an emphasis on the analysis of the gaming industry and its trends, a casino's interface with the hotel, organizational structure and terminology. Students will learn the history of gaming, various types of games, daily casino operations, casino marketing and financing, government regulations of gambling and the future development of the industry. Formerly CASN 101. Offered fall semester only.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOTL 160",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001645",
    "code": "HOTL 170",
    "title": "Spa Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will learn the essential fundamentals in properly operating and managing a spa. The class will focus upon the systems and processes that are needed to manage the day-to-day operations of many different types of spas, as well as their employees and services. Students will examine key principles and concepts related to the setup and organizations of a spa enterprise including facility design and planning. Special attention is paid to daily business functions, such as scheduling, the creation of staff manuals and documents, and inventory management. Students discover how spa operations are impacted by various independent functions of a spa.",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001646",
    "code": "HOTL 201",
    "title": "Front Office Mgmt & Hotel Acctg",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Practical applications of front office management and bookkeeping related to the front office; procedures and controls; management tools to provide effective front office operation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOTL 201",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001647",
    "code": "HOTL 206",
    "title": "Executive Housekeepg & Enginee",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The role of the housekeeping operation; sanitation, equipment information, and purchasing procedures for these departments.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOTL 206",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001648",
    "code": "HOTL 207",
    "title": "Rooms Division Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide students with an understanding of the rooms division operations of a hotel. Areas of study include an overview of front office procedures, housekeeping, engineering, night audit, security, and revenue management. Technology and computer software that operates the hotel will be introduced. Reservation channels and techniques for managing demand at the hotel will be presented. Prereq. - HOSP 101. Additional course fees: $60.00.",
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      "HOSP101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOTL 207",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001649",
    "code": "HOTL 216",
    "title": "Catering & Banquet Procedures",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The application of banquet and catering procedures and principles; booking, planning and coordination of departments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOTL 216",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001650",
    "code": "HOTL 406",
    "title": "Front Offc Mgmt & Hotel Acctg",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOTL 406",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001651",
    "code": "HOTL 506",
    "title": "Executive Housekeepg & Enginee",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOTL 506",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001652",
    "code": "HOTL 517",
    "title": "Administrative Planning & Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HOTL 517",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001653",
    "code": "HUMA 101",
    "title": "The Democratic Exper 1776-1900",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HUMA 101",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001654",
    "code": "HUMA 102",
    "title": "Exp. & Express. Of 20th Cent Yth",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HUMA 102",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001655",
    "code": "HUMA 121",
    "title": "American Work Experience",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The American Work Experience is an interdisciplinary humanities course using history, literature and the arts, and other cultural studies to deepen the student's knowledge and understanding of over two centuries of Americans at work. Core: AH, D.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HUMA 121",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001656",
    "code": "HUMA 121G",
    "title": "American Work Experience",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>The American Work Experience is an interdisciplinary humanities course using history, literature and the arts, and other cultural studies to deepen the student&#39;s knowledge and understanding of over two centuries of Americans at work. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL101. Core: AH, IL, WI, D.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HUMA 121G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001657",
    "code": "HUMA 140",
    "title": "Introduction to Women and Gender Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is an interdisciplinary introduction to Women and Gender Studies from a humanistic perspective using art, film, history, literature, music, and popular culture. Prereq. - ENGL101. Core: AH, D.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HUMA 140",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001658",
    "code": "HUMA 140G",
    "title": "Introduction to Women and Gender Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>An interdisciplinary introduction to Women&#39;s Studies that focuses on the writings and history of women important to the development of modern multicultural American; beginning with an introduction of First Wave Feminism, emphasis is on theSecondWave and the potential of the Third Wave. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HUMA 140G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/huma-140g",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001659",
    "code": "HUMA 150",
    "title": "Nature of the Environment",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to humanity's complex relationship with the natural world and addresses philosophical theories and ethical issues regarding humankind's responsibility to care for the environment. Topics include environmental ethics and politics, rights of non-humans, ecofeminism, climate change, sustainability, eco-criticism and the idea of wilderness. Pre- or coreq.- ENGL 101. Core: AH, D.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HUMA 150",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001660",
    "code": "HUMA 210",
    "title": "Creativity and the Origin of Ideas",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course investigates creativity from a cultural and theoretical/research perspective and incorporates a workshop format allowing students to actively apply knowledge gained through experiential learning activities. Pre-req. - ENGL101. Core: AH, D.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HUMA 210",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001661",
    "code": "HUMA 250G",
    "title": "Research Methods in the Social Sciences",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This class is an overview of scientific research methods used in the social sciences. Social sciences include disciplines in which we examine people or collections of people, and their individual or collective behaviors, such as psychology, sociology, and political science. In this class, we will discuss not only research methods (such as empirical data collection and analysis) but also the research process from start to end, including the steps of scientific inquiry, and the ethics involved. Restricted to students in the Honors Program. Only one of the following: HUMA 250G or PSYC 205 may count for credit toward the same degree. Prereq. - ENGL101 and either POLS101 or PSYC103 or SOCA103. Core: SSHB, WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101",
      "POLS101",
      "PSYC103",
      "SOCA103"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HUMA 250G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001662",
    "code": "HVAC 101",
    "title": "Fundamentals of HVAC/R I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This is an introductory course in heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration (HVAC/R) technology. Topics will include heat transfer, refrigerant properties, the vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, service and piping techniques, EPA refrigerant handling regulations, dehydration and charging of systems, control components, basic residential control wiring, domestic refrigerator/freezers, and room air conditioners. Formerly HVAC 801. Pre- or coreq.- EMEC 101 or instructor approval.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELTC101"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 101",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001663",
    "code": "HVAC 102",
    "title": "Fundamentals of HVAC/R II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed to provide a deeper understanding of the components and more rigorous application of the skills of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC/R) technology. Topic of lab exercise and study include commercial refrigeration, residential and commercial building systems, building automation, motor applications, and service/troubleshooting principles. Formerly HVAC 802. Prereq.- HVAC 101 and EMEC 101. Additional course fees $50.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELTC101",
      "HVAC101"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 102",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001664",
    "code": "HVAC 104",
    "title": "Refrigeration System Troublshotg",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Operation and servicing of commercial refrigeration and display cases; electrical and pressure operated devices, control adjustment, unitary refrigeration units, and component repair; heat loading, piping calculations, and system capacity analysis. Formerly HVAC 804. Prereq. - HVAC 102. Offered spring semester only. Additional course fees $30.00.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 104",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001665",
    "code": "HVAC 110",
    "title": "Print Reading for HVAC/R",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Interpretation of electrical and mechanical drawings commonly used in the field of heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and refrigeration. Formerly HVAC 810. Additional course fees $35.00.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 110",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hvac-110",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001666",
    "code": "HVAC 120",
    "title": "Heating: Oil Systems",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Installation and maintenance of the key components of oil-fired hot air and hydronic heating systems; principles of combustion, sequence of operation, and hands-on troubleshooting in residential and light commercial applications. Formerly HVAC 820. Prereq. - EMEC 101. Offered fall semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 120",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001667",
    "code": "HVAC 121",
    "title": "Heating: Gas Systems",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Installation and maintenance of key components of gas-fired hot air and hydronic heating systems; principles of combustion, sequence of operation, and hands-on troubleshooting in residential and light commercial applications. Formerly HVAC 821. Prereq. - EMEC 101. Offered fall semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 121",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hvac-121",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001668",
    "code": "HVAC 124",
    "title": "Heating: Gas, Oil, Solar Thermal, Air and Hydronic Systems",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the installation and maintenance of the key components of oil- and gas-fired hot air furnaces, hydronic systems, and Solar thermal heating. Topics covered include the principles of combustion, sequence of operation, traditional and alternative heat sources, energy efficiency testing, and equipment sizing. Lab exercises are designed to reinforce the practical knowledge of troubleshooting and service in residential and light commercial applications. Prereq. - EMEC101. Additional course fees $40.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELTC101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 124",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001669",
    "code": "HVAC 140",
    "title": "Heat Pump Systems",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>This course provides a practical study of the principles and applications of both air-to-air and geothermal heat pump equipment that is used in heating and cooling systems. The topics and activities include heating and cooling cycle operations, defrost control strategies, ground loop design, and hands-on troubleshooting procedures. Formerly HVAC 840. Prereq. - EMEC 101 and HVAC 101. Additional course fees $20.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELTC101",
      "HVAC101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 140",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001670",
    "code": "HVAC 142",
    "title": "Geothermal Heat Pump Sys Design and Installation",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course focuses on the design and installation of ground source heat pump systems based on the current IGSHPA (International Ground Source Heath Pump Association) standards. Upon successful completion of this course the student may take the IGSHPA Accredited Installers Examination. Topics covered include: selecting and designing a GSHP system for residential and light commercial buildings, ground construction techniques, pipe joining techniques, loop purging, pump and fluid selection, and commissioning/troubleshooting. Pre- or coreq.- HVAC 140. Additional course fees $20.00.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 142",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hvac-142",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001671",
    "code": "HVAC 150",
    "title": "HVAC Airflow and Distribution",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Practical study of the principles of airflow and psychometrics and how to achieve proper ventilation and distribution of air; basic duct design, psychometric calculations, fan installation and troubleshooting. Formerly HVAC 850. Prereq. - EMEC 101. Offered spring semester only. Additional course fees $35.00.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 150",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hvac-150",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hvac-150.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001672",
    "code": "HVAC 204",
    "title": "Refrigeration System Design and Troubleshooting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course builds upon the knowledge and skills developed in HVAC II and focuses on refrigeration systems used in commercial and institutional applications. Topics that are covered include system controls, installation standards, piping design, operational procedures, and troubleshooting techniques for refrigeration equipment used in restaurants, convenience stores, supermarkets, hospitals, and cold-storage shipping. (Formerly HVAC 104). Prereq.- HVAC 102. Offered spring semester only. Additional course fees: $30.00.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "HVAC102"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 204",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hvac-204",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001673",
    "code": "HVAC 250",
    "title": "Air Distribution Systems:Design, Installation, and Testing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course develops an understanding of residential and commercial indoor air quality, comfort and humidity control, principles of airflow, psychrometric calculations, and residential energy auditing. The emphasis of the course is on developing the skills necessary to evaluate and produce industry-standard duct designs, properly install airflow systems (dependent upon the materials used), and perform critical evaluations of new and existing systems for conformance to air-balancing standards. Formerly HVAC 150. Prereq.- EMEC 101 and HVAC 101. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELTC101",
      "HVAC101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 250",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hvac-250",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001674",
    "code": "HVAC 260G",
    "title": "HVAC/R Technology Practicum",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>This course is intended to provide actual work &#34;shadowing&#34; experience in the Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration (HVAC/R) industry with focused exposure to technical problems found in the field; preventative maintenance procedures; installation techniques; and general activities typically encountered. Capstone of this experience is to be presented in written and oral format and will include industry evaluation of student performance. Prereq.- ENGL101 and completion of 3 semesters of the HVAC/R Technology AAS degree program, or with instructor permission.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 260G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001675",
    "code": "HVAC 265",
    "title": "Building Automation Systems (BAS)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course presents foundational knowledge of Building Automation Systems (BAS) by focusing on historical and modern controls utilized in the automated operation of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems. The course content includes the related operations of automated electrical and plumbing systems, along with various types of network architecture that supports these systems.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ELTC101",
      "HVAC102"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 265",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001676",
    "code": "HVAC 800",
    "title": "HVAC Electrical Systems(Not applicable to a degree)",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Electrical safety, basic AC and DC circuit operation and analysis, meter usage, schematics, electrical component operation, motors and motor controls, basic wiring practices, and controls used in HVAC/R equipment; practical lab applications. Pre- or coreq. - MFAB 805.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 800",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001677",
    "code": "HVAC 801",
    "title": "Fundamentals of HVAC I(Not applicable to a degree)",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Theory, application and principles of refrigeration and air conditioning (heating and cooling); study of basic cycle, systems, system components, accessories, piping and refrigerants; sequence of operation; diagnoses and problem solving. Co- or Prereq.û HVAC 800.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 801",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hvac-801.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001678",
    "code": "HVAC 802",
    "title": "Fundamentals of HVAC II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In-depth study of the application, installation, service, and maintenance of residential and commercial heating and air conditioning systems including split system heat pumps, single packages rooftop units, and built-up cooling systems. Prereq.ûHVAC 801.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 802",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hvac-802.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001679",
    "code": "HVAC 803",
    "title": "Heating Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Warm-air and hydronic heating including the function control, service and testing of major components for gas, oil and electric residential and light commercial systems; combustion and sequence of operation. Prereq. - HVAC 102 or 802.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 803",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hvac-803",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hvac-803.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001680",
    "code": "HVAC 804",
    "title": "Commercial Refrigeration",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Operation and servicing of commercial refrigeration and display cases; electrical and pressure operated devices, control adjustment, unitary refrigeration units, and component repair; heat loading, piping calculations, and system capacity analysis. Prereq.ûHVAC 802.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 804",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/hvac-804",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hvac-804.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001681",
    "code": "HVAC 810",
    "title": "Print Reading for HVAC(Not applicable to a degree)",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Interpretation of electrical and mechanical drawings commonly used in the field of heating, ventilating, air conditioning, and refrigeration.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/HVAC 810",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/hvac-810.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001682",
    "code": "INDS 100",
    "title": "Hist of Interior Design & Furnit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course is a s</span><span>urvey of the development of interior design and furniture styles f</span><span>rom</span><span> antiquity to the present</span><span>. It includes</span><span> the</span><span> history of interior space, architectural </span><span>detail</span><span>s</span><span> and furniture;</span><span> and</span><span> social, political, </span><span>economic</span><span> and technological perspectives as they relate to the interior aesthetic of each period</span><span>. </span><span>Offered Fall semester only.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INDS 100",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/inds-100.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001683",
    "code": "INDS 105",
    "title": "Introduction to Interior Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course introduces Interior Design as a business and </span><span>is an overview of all as</span><span>p</span><span>ects</span><span> of</span><span> the process of design</span><span> including</span><span> </span><span>t</span><span>he basics of the elements and principles of visual design</span><span>.</span><span> Students will also develop awareness of the importance of </span><span>colour</span><span> and light. Other topics such as Building Codes, Sustainability and special considerations in design</span><span> are covered. </span><span>Students will research and produce projects that will reinforce the subjects </span><span>introduced</span><span>.</span><span> Offered Fall and Spring semesters.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INDS 105",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/inds-105",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/inds-105.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001684",
    "code": "INDS 121",
    "title": "Graphics and Presentation Techniques for Interior Designers",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students will begin to develop</span><span> the graphic language of architecture with emphasis on interiors. Hand skills are</span><span> also</span><span> developed as orthographic drawings are extended to the format language of architecture and developed into formal plans, elevations, sections</span><span>,</span><span> and details. Computer and hand skills continue to be incorporated as tools in the design process. </span><span>A focus</span><span> on color theory and color application is included</span><span> in this course</span><span>. Presentation techniques will also be an emphasis</span><span> as</span><span> students will develop both graphic and oral presentation skills.</span><span> Offered Spring semester only.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ARCH101",
      "ARCH110",
      "ARCH150"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INDS 121",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/inds-121",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/inds-121.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001685",
    "code": "INDS 130",
    "title": "Interior Materials & Structure",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course covers the i</span><span>nvestigation, analysis, evaluation, history, manufacturing, and application of decorative textiles, wall and floor coverings, and accessories. </span><span>Students will learn p</span><span>roper relationships of line, form, color, and texture. </span><span>Offered Spring semester only.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INDS 130",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/inds-130.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001686",
    "code": "INDS 160",
    "title": "Bath and Lighting Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This class focuses on the i</span><span>nvestigation of bath design through aesthetics, </span><span>materia</span><span>ls</span><span> and ergonomic considerations. Through</span><span> space analysis</span><span> students learn programming and planning.</span><span> </span><span>Design projects are inclusive of </span><span>bath layouts, m</span><span>aterials, counters, and storage</span><span>. </span><span>Discussions include</span><span> lightin</span><span>g design as it relates to baths,</span><span> furniture, cabinetry, light fixtures, and space planning.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "INDS121"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INDS 160",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/inds-160.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001687",
    "code": "INDS 165",
    "title": "Kitchen and Lighting Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This class focuses on the investigation of kitchen design through aesthetics, </span><span>materials,</span><span> and ergonomic considerations. Through space </span><span>analysis,</span><span> </span><span>students</span><span> learn kitchen programming and planning</span><span>. </span><span>Design projects are inclusive of kitchen layouts, kitchen materials, </span><span>cabinetry,</span><span> and fixtures</span><span>. </span><span>Discussions include lighting design as it relates to kitchens, furniture, cabinetry design and space planning as it relates to the kitchen environment</span><span>.</span><span> </span><span>Offered </span><span>fall</span><span> semester only.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "INDS121"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INDS 165",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/inds-165.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001688",
    "code": "INDS 200",
    "title": "Professional Internship",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Students will receive general office experience which gives the student a broad exposure to the practice environment.</span><span> </span><span>Students will work under the direction of a design professional to gain hands-on experience applying knowledge and skills in the practice setting.</span><span> Gives students the opportunity to apply practical office experience for credit, particularly students already working in the field.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INDS 200",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/inds-200",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/inds-200.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001689",
    "code": "INDS 225",
    "title": "Residential Interior Design Studio",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>In this course, students will learn how to a</span><span>ssembl</span><span>e</span><span> and harmoniz</span><span>e</span><span> furniture and decorative objects from the point of view of utility and beauty. </span><span>They will analyze</span><span> furniture arrangement and room composition, draperies and window treatments, and lighting. </span><span>Students will work through p</span><span>ractical problems illustrating the requirements of certain types of residential rooms. </span><span>The incorporation</span><span> of the computer </span><span>will be used </span><span>as a design tool. </span><span>Student</span><span>s</span><span> will prepare </span><span>written research and design position papers on assigned design problems and their solutions.</span><span> Offered Fall semester only.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "INDS121"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INDS 225",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/inds-225",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/inds-225.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001690",
    "code": "INDS 255",
    "title": "Commercial Interior Design Studio",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course focuses on design fundamentals and industry requirements of contract interior design. The emphasis is on space analysis and planning, coordination of furnishings and equipment, design function, and aesthetics of interior space in relation to individual and group needs. The design of projects from concept to completion includes preparation of using and researching the applications of </span><span>new technology</span><span>. Offered spring only.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "INDS105",
      "ARCH101",
      "ARCH110",
      "ARCH265",
      "INDS160"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INDS 255",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/inds-255",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/inds-255.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001691",
    "code": "INTS 101",
    "title": "Critical Thinking",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A sequential study of thinking and reasoning abilities, emphasizing active, independent, and comprehensive thinking to solve problems, analyze, infer, and evaluate issues, reason critically, and understand and apply concepts.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INTS 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001692",
    "code": "INTS 104",
    "title": "Professional Internship",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p><span>This course provides students with an opportunity to gain knowledge and skills in a structured, supervised work experience that supports a student’s chosen career field.</span><span> The i</span><span>nternships </span><span>provide</span><span> entry-level, career-related experiences, and workplace competencies that </span><span>employers</span><span> value when hiring new employees. Internships may also be used as an opportunity to explore career fields. </span><span>Students will </span><span>be required</span><span> to complete a minimum </span><span>of </span><span>1</span><span>5</span><span>0 hours</span><span> of internship work and will also be expected to attend </span><span>an orientation and concluding </span><span>meeting</span><span> as well as </span><span>complete assignments related to their internship experience.</span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENTR101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INTS 104",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-104",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-104.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001693",
    "code": "INTS 200",
    "title": "Introduction to Study Abroad",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This one-credit course is designed to help students develop skills and perspectives to enable them to get the most out of their international experience. The course offers the student an opportunity to study and experience the culture of another country/region with an emphasis on getting to know the history, architecture, art, literature, geography and political systems and its place in the global system. The course includes pre-trip planning and lectures, study and research during the trip, and post-trip presentations. In addition, it will provide you with the information about the study abroad process and the practical aspects of studying abroad. This course may be taken three (3) times for credit.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INTS 200",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-200",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-200.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001694",
    "code": "INTS 201",
    "title": "Implement Sustainable Energy Sys",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This interdisciplinary sustainable energy course will provide students with technical skills, economic and political background, and analysis and design skills that will help them to apply knowledge gained about alternative and renewable energies to both local and global issues. Students will be exposed to a broad range of technical and social/political disciplines necessary to understand the sources of renewable energy, technical and economic decisions involved in using alternative energy sources and the potential impacts of bringing power to developing communities. The course will include an in-community experience which involves construction and installation of a sustainable energy system. Basic language and technical instruction will be provided. (Study abroad) Prereq.-",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INTS 201",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-201",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-201.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001695",
    "code": "INTS 202",
    "title": "Architecture of the City: Classic to Contemporary",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This interdisciplinary course focuses on the Architecture of a host city or cities. A specific host city or cities will be selected for each semester that the course is offered. An example host city could be Barcelona, Spain or Paris, France or Rome, Italy. This travel study course is taught primarily on-site and includes site tours and in-person observations to provide an understanding of the architecture of the host city. Students will experience architecture from several time periods that have influenced design throughout the world. Representative projects include monuments, outdoor spaces, and museums, civic and religious buildings, along with historic and contemporary structures. The course will include a study of the architectural design, style and urban context. Students will be required to prepare on-site sketches or photography or video and reflective journaling about each day's experience while abroad. CORE: SIT.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INTS 202",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-202",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-202.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001696",
    "code": "INTS 203",
    "title": "Study Away Experience",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This one-credit course would offer students the opportunity to experience the diversity of the United States, allowing them to develop the skills and perspectives to observe and analyze differences in regions around the country. The emphasis is on getting to know how the diverse range of human differences influence the historical and current formation of artistic, economic, social, scientific, cultural or political institutions in areas of the United States, and how those differences influence each individual&#39;s experience of equality and inequality within a society, its institutions, or its cultures. The course includes pre-trip planning and lectures, study and research during the trip, and post-trip presentations. In addition, it will provide students with information about the study abroad process and the practical aspects of studying abroad. This course may be taken three (3) times for credit.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INTS 203",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-203",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-203.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001697",
    "code": "INTS 223",
    "title": "Disney College Program",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "<p><span><span>In this course, students will live and work at Walt Disney World and learn current business practices, customer service, leadership skills, communication skills, workforce d</span><span>iversity, and corporate trends. </span><span> While at Walt Disney World, students are encouraged to take at least one three (3) credit Disney course, which is accredited by the American Council on Education (ACE). This course is graded Pass/Fail.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INTS 223",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-223.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001698",
    "code": "INTS 224",
    "title": "Disney Advanced Internship",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "<p><span><span>In this course, students will </span><span>live and </span><span>work full time at Walt Disney World as part of an Advanced Internship designed to give them career related experience. While not an exhaustive list, most frequently hired disciplines include Accounting and Finance, Marketing and Sales, Chemistry, Conservation Education, Veterinary Science, Biotechnology, Library Science, Human Resources, and Hospitality</span><span> Management and Culinary Arts</span><span>.</span><span> </span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "INTS-223"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INTS 224",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-224.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001699",
    "code": "INTS 250",
    "title": "Study Abroad",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to help students integrate international experience within their course of study. Students will explore the social, cultural, political, historical, geographic and economic significance of the specified country and its place in the global system. A review of the various socio-cultural, economic and political systems and structures will provide the basis for critically examining the challenges facing the specified country. Students will explore the social, political, geographic and economic impact of seeking peaceful resolutions to internal and external challenges. The course includes pre-trip planning and lectures, study and research during the trip, and post-trip presentations. This course may be taken three (3) times for credit. CORE: SSHB.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INTS 250",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-250",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-250.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001700",
    "code": "INTS 450",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Science",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INTS 450",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-450",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-450.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001701",
    "code": "INTS 501",
    "title": "Children's Science",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/INTS 501",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-501",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ints-501.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001702",
    "code": "JOUR 101",
    "title": "Journalism and Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course explores the history, climate and ethical challenges of journalism in the United States; the role and function of journalism in a multicultural society; news literacy; the pursuit of truth; and the news media of other countries. </span></span>Core: AH.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/JOUR 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/jour-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/jour-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001703",
    "code": "JOUR 102",
    "title": "News Editing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, students will edit copy, write headlines and caption photos. They will become familiar with news values, libel law and ethical problems in the management of news. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/JOUR 102",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/jour-102",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/jour-102.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001704",
    "code": "JOUR 103",
    "title": "Newswriting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Fundamentals of newswriting and news gathering; finding stories, covering community events, interviews and beat reporting; news values, legal and ethical issues. Formerly ENGL 103. Pre- or coreq. - ENGL 101. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/JOUR 103",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/jour-103",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/jour-103.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001705",
    "code": "JOUR 104",
    "title": "Media Publication",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "JOUR 202",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "LIBT 401",
    "title": "Intro to Library Service",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "LIBT 402",
    "title": "Library Reference",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "LIBT 403",
    "title": "Library Reference I",
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    "code": "LIBT 404",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001725",
    "code": "LIBT 405",
    "title": "Ref Resources & Services",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 405",
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    "code": "LIBT 415",
    "title": "Reference Resources & Services",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 415",
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    "id": "northampton-001727",
    "code": "LIBT 451",
    "title": "Circulation Procedures",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-001728",
    "code": "LIBT 452",
    "title": "Cataloging & Classific",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 452",
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    "id": "northampton-001729",
    "code": "LIBT 453",
    "title": "Cataloging & Classification",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 453",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001730",
    "code": "LIBT 454",
    "title": "Library Reference II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 454",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001731",
    "code": "LIBT 455",
    "title": "School Lib Organization",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 455",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001732",
    "code": "LIBT 501",
    "title": "Library Science",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 501",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001733",
    "code": "LIBT 502",
    "title": "Tech & Sci Info Service",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 502",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001734",
    "code": "LIBT 503",
    "title": "Technical Services",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 503",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001735",
    "code": "LIBT 504",
    "title": "Library Service",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 504",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001736",
    "code": "LIBT 505",
    "title": "Ref Resources & Service II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 505",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001737",
    "code": "LIBT 506",
    "title": "Production of A/V Material",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 506",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001738",
    "code": "LIBT 507",
    "title": "Library Management",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 507",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001739",
    "code": "LIBT 541",
    "title": "Computer Appls in Libraries",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 541",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/libt-541",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001740",
    "code": "LIBT 551",
    "title": "Procure. & Maint. of Libr. Mater",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 551",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001741",
    "code": "LIBT 552",
    "title": "Internship",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 552",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001742",
    "code": "LIBT 553",
    "title": "Lit for Children and Young Adult",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 553",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001743",
    "code": "LIBT 555",
    "title": "Library Aide Practicum",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 555",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001744",
    "code": "LIBT 556",
    "title": "Library Aide Practicum",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/LIBT 556",
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  {
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    "code": "MASG 101",
    "title": "Massage Therapy Procedures I",
    "credits": 4,
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    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MASG 101",
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  },
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    "id": "northampton-001746",
    "code": "MASG 102",
    "title": "Massage Therapy Procedures II",
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    "hours": 5,
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    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MASG 102",
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    "code": "MASG 210",
    "title": "Massage Therapy Procedures III",
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    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MASG 210",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "MATH 021",
    "title": "Intro to Math I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "title": "Elementary Algebra",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "MATH 023",
    "title": "Complement to Col. Alg.",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "title": "Arithmetic",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Basic operations on whole numbers, fractions and decimals; ratio; proportion; percent; metric measurement.",
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    "title": "Elementary Algebra",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "MATH 026",
    "title": "Intermediate Algebra",
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    "hours": 3,
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      "MATH022"
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    "hours": 5,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 028",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/math-028",
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    "code": "MATH 041",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 041",
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    "code": "MATH 100",
    "title": "Nature of Mathematics",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 100H",
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    "title": "Fund of Math II",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 102",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "MATH 105",
    "title": "Introductory Statistics",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "title": "Applied Mathematics",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "MATH 112",
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    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 112",
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    "id": "northampton-001770",
    "code": "MATH 115",
    "title": "Business Mathematics",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "College arithmetic, interest, discount, negotiable instruments, present value, payroll and depreciation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 115",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/math-115.md"
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    "id": "northampton-001771",
    "code": "MATH 118",
    "title": "Foundations of Mathematics I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course consists of problem solving and inductive reasoning, sets, functions, numeration systems, integers, rational numbers, number theory, decimals, percents, real numbers and proportional reasoning. This course is based on state and national mathematics standards and is restricted to all NCC Education majors. Prereq.- Appropriate competence as outlined in the Mathematics Placement policy or MATH022 with a C or better. MATH 118 and MATH120 may not both count toward the same degree. Also available through Online Learning. Core: QL (Middle Level Education, Early Childhood Education & Special Education only).",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 118",
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    "code": "MATH 119",
    "title": "Foundations of Mathematics II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of MATH 118 that includes probability and statistics, elementary geometry, geometric constructions, geometric transformation, tessellations, nets, and measurement. This course is based on state and national mathematics standards and is restricted to all NCC Education majors. Prereq.- Appropriate competence as outlined in the Mathematics Placement policy or MATH022 with a C or better. MATH 119 and MATH120 may not both count toward the same degree. Also available through Online Learning. Core: QL (Middle Level Education & Early Childhood Education only).",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MATH-022"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 119",
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    "code": "MATH 120",
    "title": "Nature of Mathematics",
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    "description": "This course is not designed for science or business majors. Specific topics include financial literacy, number systems, estimation, unit conversions, essential statistical literacy, geometry and various problem solving. MATH118 and 120 nor MATH119 and 120 may not count for credit towards the same degree. Prereq. - Appropriate competence as outlined in the Mathematics Placement policy or MATH022 with a C or better. Also available through Online Learning. Core: QL.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MATH-022"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 120",
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    "code": "MATH 125",
    "title": "Technical Math I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Algebra and trigonometry; systems of equations, quadratic equations, solution of right triangles, variation, trigonometric identities, constructing and interpreting graphs, problem solving. Prereq. - high school algebra II with a C or better and appropriate competence in mathematics as determined by the math placement test or MATH 026 or 028 with a C or better.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 125",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/math-125.md"
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    "id": "northampton-001775",
    "code": "MATH 126",
    "title": "Technical Math II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Sine and cosine laws, vector addition, logarithms, exponential growth and decay, algebra of complex numbers, circular functions, polar coordinates, and trigonometric equations. Prereq. - MATH 125.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 126",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/math-126",
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    "code": "MATH 127",
    "title": "Mathematics of Finance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Simple interest, bank discount, compound interest, ordinary annuities, other annuities, certain amortization and sinking funds, bonds, capital budgeting, and depreciation stocks. Offered on demand. Prereq. - MATH 026 or 028 or 2 years high school algebra.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 127",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/math-127",
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    "id": "northampton-001777",
    "code": "MATH 130",
    "title": "Calculus I",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 130",
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    "id": "northampton-001778",
    "code": "MATH 140",
    "title": "Applied College Algebra",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course has a special emphasis on applications to business, healthcare, and related fields. Topics include linear and quadratic equations with applications involving supply, demand, revenue, cost, profit, and break-even points; systems of linear equations; graphing; linear programming; and model building. Classroom instruction and programs will be presented using a TI-84 Plus.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 140",
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    "id": "northampton-001779",
    "code": "MATH 145",
    "title": "Trigonometry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Angles, trig functions, trig identities, solution of triangles, complex numbers. Prereq. - Appropriate competence as outlined in the Mathematics Placement policy or MATH140 with a C or better. Also available through Online Learning. Core: QL.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MATH140"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 145",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/math-145",
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    "id": "northampton-001780",
    "code": "MATH 150",
    "title": "Introductory Statistics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to descriptive statistics, probability, correlation and regression, normal distribution, sampling distributions, confidence intervals, and hypothesis testing. Prereq.- Appropriate competence as outlined in the Mathematics Placement policy or MATH022 or 028 either with a C or better. Also available through Online Learning. Core: QL, D.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MATH-022",
      "MATH-028"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 150",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/math-150",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/math-150.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001781",
    "code": "MATH 151",
    "title": "Trigonometry",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 151",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/math-151",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/math-151.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001782",
    "code": "MATH 152",
    "title": "Trigonometry",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 152",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/math-152.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001783",
    "code": "MATH 155",
    "title": "Pre-Calculus",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 155",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001784",
    "code": "MATH 156",
    "title": "STEM College Algebra",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course extends algebraic properties and processes to linear, quadratic, polynomial, rational and radical expressions and equations, and applies them to real world problems. This course represents concepts of algebra, graphs and functions, quadratic, polynomial, exponential and log functions, systems of inequalities and equalities, and complex numbers and makes connections among these representations.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MATH-022"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 156",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001785",
    "code": "MATH 160",
    "title": "Pre-Calculus",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course covers topics of algebra, equations, inequalities, graphs, functions, polynomial and rational functions over the real and complex numbers, exponential and logarithmic functions, a comprehensive review of trigonometry, and some aspects of analytic geometry. Core: QL.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MATH-156"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 160",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/math-160",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/math-160.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001786",
    "code": "MATH 165",
    "title": "Applied Calculus",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Functions, limits, derivatives and their application, integration, and application of the definite integral. Prereq. - Appropriate competence as outlined in the Mathematics Placement policy or MATH140 with a C or better. Core: QL.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MATH-140"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 165",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/math-165",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/math-165.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001787",
    "code": "MATH 170",
    "title": "Calculus II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 170",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/math-170",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001788",
    "code": "MATH 175",
    "title": "Calculus I with Review (Part 1)",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course along with MATH176 provides students with precalculus instruction as needed plus the course content of differential calculus. Topics in MATH 175 include algebraic and trigonometric functions and their graphs, continuity and discontinuities, complex numbers, limits of functions, introduction to the difference quotient, and the basic derivative rules for algebraic and trigonometric functions. The completion of both MATH175 and MATH176 satisfies the MATH180 requirement. Only MATH175 and MATH176 or MATH180 may be applied to the degree program.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MATH140"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 175",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/math-175",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/math-175.md"
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    "id": "northampton-001789",
    "code": "MATH 176",
    "title": "Calculus I with Review (Part 2)",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course along with MATH 175 provides students with pre-calculus instruction as needed plus the course content of MATH 180 (Calculus I). Topics in Math 176 include inverse functions and their derivatives, related rates, differentials, analysis of the graphs of functions, optimization, Mean-Value Theorem, summation notation, Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, and integration by substitution. The completion of both MATH175 and MATH176 satisfies the MATH180 requirement. Only MATH175 and MATH176 or MATH180 may be applied to the degree program</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MATH175"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 176",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/math-176",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/math-176.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001790",
    "code": "MATH 180",
    "title": "Calculus I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course studies limits of functions, L’ Hôpital’s Rule, derivatives, chain rule, implicit differentiation, extrema indefinite and definite integration: Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, transcendental functions, and applications. Calculators may not be used on quizzes or tests.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 180",
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    "code": "MATH 181",
    "title": "Calculus II",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course is a continuation of Calculus I (MATH180) and the topics to study are: techniques and applications of integration, improper integrals, solving differential equations using separation of variables, sequences and series, conics, parametric equations and polar coordinates. Calculators may not be used on quizzes or tests.</p>",
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    "code": "MATH 191",
    "title": "Spcl Stdy Math - Prep for Statis",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "See Statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand.",
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    "code": "MATH 196",
    "title": "Spcl Stdy Math - Dosage Calcs",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "See Statement on Special Studies. Offered on Demand.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 196",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "hours": 3,
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    "hours": 4,
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "MATH 251",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "MATH 293",
    "title": "Special Studies in Mathematics",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "See Statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 293",
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    "code": "MATH 301",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "MATH 302",
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    "code": "MATH 401",
    "title": "Technical Math I",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 401",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "MATH 403",
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    "description": null,
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    "code": "MATH 406",
    "title": "********************************",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-001809",
    "code": "MATH 412",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 412",
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    "code": "MATH 451",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 451",
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    "code": "MATH 453",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 453",
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    "id": "northampton-001812",
    "code": "MATH 901",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MATH 901",
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    "id": "northampton-001813",
    "code": "MATH 904",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "MDAS 101",
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    "hours": 5,
    "description": "<p>This course will provide an introduction to the clinical role of the Medical Assistant, and will include basic skills necessary to assist the physician and provide direct patient care in the medical office setting. Basic skills will include obtaining a patient history, taking vital signs, administering oral, liquid and topical medications. Telephone triage skills, documentation, infection control principles, use of an autoclave, and assisting with minor office procedures and surgery will also be covered. Restricted to Medical Assistant students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS130",
      "HCOA154",
      "ENGL101"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDAS 101",
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    "id": "northampton-001815",
    "code": "MDAS 102",
    "title": "Pharmacology for Medical Assistants",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course is a basic study of medications and their safe administration to patients. Aspects of drug administration included are basic pharmacology terminology; dosage calculations; and basic drug classifications, their therapeutic use, common adverse effects, and precautions related to administration.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MDAS101"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDAS 102",
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    "id": "northampton-001816",
    "code": "MDAS 105",
    "title": "Medical Assistant Techniques II",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
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    "prerequisites": [
      "MDAS101",
      "MDAS102",
      "HCOA172",
      "HCOA240"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDAS 105",
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    "id": "northampton-001817",
    "code": "MDAS 201",
    "title": "Medical Assistant Externship",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an opportunity for the student to integrate theory and practicum into reality practice while working in a medical environment. Medical assisting skills and knowledge will increase in skill proficiency learned in MDAS 101 and 105. This course offers clinical experiences in diagnostic procedures, and other competencies delegated to the entry-level medical assistant with consideration of the ethical and legal implications. This course includes a capstone medical assistant seminar component to link theory to practice to reality. Restricted to Medical Assistant students. Prereq.- MDAS 105 with C or better.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MDAS105"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDAS 201",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001818",
    "code": "MDLA 102",
    "title": "Elementary French I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This introductory course focuses on listening, speaking, reading and writing in French. Vocabulary and basic grammatical structures are emphasized, and cultural elements are fully integrated in all aspects of the course. This course is designed for students who have not previously studied French and is not appropriate for native French speakers. Core: AH, D.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDLA 102",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001819",
    "code": "MDLA 103",
    "title": "Elementary Spanish I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an introductory, elementary part I Spanish course which includes instruction and practice in listening, speaking, reading and writing in the target language. Emphasis is placed on vocabulary and basic grammatical structures. Cultural elements are fully integrated in all aspects of the course. The course is designed for students who have not studied Spanish previously. It is not appropriate for native Spanish speakers. Also available through Online Learning. Core: AH and D.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDLA 103",
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    "id": "northampton-001820",
    "code": "MDLA 105",
    "title": "Elementary Chinese I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an introductory course which includes instruction and practice in listening, speaking, reading, and writing in the Chinese language. Emphasis is placed on vocabulary and basic grammatical structures. Cultural elements are fully integrated in all aspects of the course. The course is designed for students who have not previously studied Chinese. It is not appropriate for native Chinese speakers. Core: AH, D.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDLA 105",
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    "id": "northampton-001821",
    "code": "MDLA 107",
    "title": "Elementary Arabic I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to the Arabic language. The course stresses the active use of the language whereby students develop proficiency in the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing.) This course is for beginners and not appropriate for native Arabic speakers. Core: AH, D.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDLA 107",
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    "id": "northampton-001822",
    "code": "MDLA 112",
    "title": "Elementary French II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of Elementary French I. Emphasis will be placed again on developing proficiency in the four skills essential to communicative language learning: listening, speaking, reading, and writing as well as discovering aspects of both daily life and culture of Francophones all over the world. It is designed for students who have previously studied one semester of French at an elementary level. Core: AH, D.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDLA 112",
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    "id": "northampton-001823",
    "code": "MDLA 113",
    "title": "Elementary Spanish II",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDLA 113",
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    "id": "northampton-001824",
    "code": "MDLA 115",
    "title": "Elementary Chinese II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course expands the skills acquired in elementary Chinese I, and also includes instruction and practice in listening, speaking, reading and writing in Mandarin Chinese. There will be an emphasis on vocabulary and grammatical structures, and cultural elements will be fully integrated in all aspects of the course. This course is designed for students who have previously studied one semester of Chinese at an elementary level and are non-native speakers. Core: AH, D.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDLA 115",
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    "id": "northampton-001825",
    "code": "MDLA 117",
    "title": "Elementary Arabic II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Expansion of the skills required in an elementary Arabic I course; the course will stress the active use if the language and continue developing student proficiency in the four language skills (speaking, listening, reading, and writing.) This course is designed for students who have previously studied one semester of Arabic at an elementary level. Core: AH, D.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDLA 117",
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    "id": "northampton-001826",
    "code": "MDLA 122",
    "title": "Intermediate French I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course, which is taught in French, develops further study and review of French grammar and vocabulary. Students are immersed in the French language and culture, and given the opportunity to apply listening and speaking skills to a variety of contexts. Reading strategies are emphasized and fundamentals of composition are presented. It is designed for students who have previously studied two semesters of French. Core: AH, D.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDLA 122",
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    "id": "northampton-001827",
    "code": "MDLA 123",
    "title": "Intermediate Spanish I",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Expansion of the language skills learned at the elementary levels; emphasis on conversation, reading and writing, with brief reviews of grammar; designed for students who have previously studied two or three semesters of Spanish; cultural elements fully integrated in all aspects of the course; taught primarily in Spanish and appropriate for native and non-native Spanish speakers. Core: AH, D.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDLA 123",
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    "id": "northampton-001828",
    "code": "MDLA 125",
    "title": "Intermediate Chinese I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This intermediate level course in Standard Mandarin Chinese is a continuation of Elementary Chinese level II. The students will continue to extend their ability to listen, speak, read, and write in Mandarin Chinese. The students will focus on communication skills in their daily life, study, society and work while immersed in a fully Chinese speaking environment through exercising the necessary grammar, vocabulary and basic cultural knowledge. Designed for students who have studied two semesters of Elementary Chinese at a college level or equivalent. Core: AH, D.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDLA 125",
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    "id": "northampton-001829",
    "code": "MDLA 133",
    "title": "Intermediate Spanish II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students continue to develop the speaking, writing and critical reading skills begun in prior Spanish courses within the context of communication, culture, vocabulary and grammar. The class is taught completely in Spanish. Designed for students who have had three semesters of Spanish at a college level or equivalent. Core: AH, D.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDLA 133",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001830",
    "code": "MDLA 135",
    "title": "Intermediate Chinese II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course is the continuation of Intermediate Chinese I. The students will continue to extend their ability to listen, speak, read, and write in Mandarin Chinese. The course will be taught completely in Chinese. The students will focus on communication skills in their daily life, study, society and work while immersed in a fully Chinese speaking environment through exercising the necessary grammar, vocabulary and basic cultural knowledge. Designed for students who have studied two semesters of Elementary Chinese and one semester of Intermediate Chinese at a college level or equivalent. Core: AH, D.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDLA 135",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/mdla-135.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001831",
    "code": "MDLA 152",
    "title": "Intermediate French II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Expansion of the language skills learned at the elementary levels; emphasis conversation, reading and writing, with brief reviews of grammar; designed for students who have previously studied two or three semesters of French; cultural elements fully integrated in all aspects of the course; taught primarily in French.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MDLA 152",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/mdla-152",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/mdla-152.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001832",
    "code": "MEPL 112",
    "title": "Meeting and Convention Mgmt",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>The introductory course provides the student with an interest in planning events such as meetings, conferences and conventions with the parameters of that segment. Student are introduced to the differences between meetings and conventions, the employees involved in those venues and the steps that are to be taken to plan, organize and produce such activities as meetings, seminars, conventions and trade shows. The course is for those with an interest in organizing and coordinating meetings, conventions, events and tours.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MEPL 112",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-112",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-112.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001833",
    "code": "MEPL 122",
    "title": "Special Event Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the theoretical and practical foundation for event management. Emphasis is placed on research, design, planning, coordination, budgeting and evaluation of events. Topics include competencies required for successful events, including parades, festivals, sporting and other special events. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MEPL 122",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-122",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-122.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001834",
    "code": "MEPL 125",
    "title": "Meetings, Conventions and Expositions",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course provides information on planning events such as meetings, conferences, conventions, trade shows, sporting and televised events. Students are introduced to the differences between events, employees involved in venues and the steps that are taken to plan, organize, produce, budget and evaluate such activities within the event segment.</span><span> <span> </span></span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MEPL 125",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-125",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-125.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001835",
    "code": "MEPL 130",
    "title": "Wedding and Social Event Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course focuses on the unique management requirements of social events and weddings, with an emphasis on starting and managing an event management business. Course topics include an exploration of special events in different cultures, event theme and décor, lighting and visual effects, attire, vendors and entertainers, and day-of-event logistics.</span><span> <span> </span></span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MEPL 130",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-130",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-130.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001836",
    "code": "MEPL 132",
    "title": "Event Promotion and Sponsorship",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course examines how to promote events and use events to endorse products, services and causes. Specifics covered include image, branding, advertising, publicity, ambush marketing and public relations, their importance to an event or product, the benefits and best practices of each. Cause marketing, corporate philanthropy, corporate social responsibility, non-profits and donations will all be analyzed in relationship to sponsorship. Also covered are the coordinating methods to secure sponsorship contracts. Prereq.- MEPL 112 or 122. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MEPL125",
      "MEPL130"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MEPL 132",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-132.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001837",
    "code": "MEPL 143",
    "title": "Event & Mtg Facilities Mgmt",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course highlights meeting and event facilities and venues and their methods of operation. Venues included are public assembly facilities, arenas, stadiums, convention centers, performing arts centers, and amphitheaters. Logistical considerations of booking events, contract negotiations, ticket sales, maintenance and production are identified. Management techniques of hospitality facilities are examined to improve business productivity. Prereq.- MEPL 112 and 122. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MEPL 143",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-143",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-143.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001838",
    "code": "MEPL 147",
    "title": "Business of Social Events and Wedding Consulting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides students with the knowledge and skills needed to operate a business related to social events and wedding consulting. Emphasis is placed on setting up and running an event consulting business, financial management for the business and the client, guidelines for working with clients, selecting vendors and venues, developing professional relationship, timelines and planning schedules. Events covered include: birthdays, anniversaries, bar and bat mitzvahs, quinceanaras, family reunions, showers, sweet sixteen, bachelor(ette) parties and custom designed celebrations. Prereq.- MEPL 112 and 122. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MEPL 147",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-147",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-147.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001839",
    "code": "MEPL 215",
    "title": "Meeting and Event Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course covers theoretical and practical foundations for event management. Students will examine venues and components of managing a successful meeting or event. Students will examine alternatives in various topics in relation to event technology, security/risk management, financial management, sustainability, and site plan/inspection. Students will engage in learning theory and practice of service fundamentals through a lab experience to perform management decision making.</span><span> <span> </span></span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MEPL125",
      "HOSP130"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MEPL 215",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-215",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/mepl-215.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001840",
    "code": "MUSC 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course is a chronological survey of West European and American music from 600 AD to the present. The primary emphasis is on developing listening skills, while gaining an understanding of cultural background and the progressive development of music styles, ideas, language, and structures.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001841",
    "code": "MUSC 102",
    "title": "The Romantic Era",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 102",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-102",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-102.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001842",
    "code": "MUSC 103",
    "title": "20th Century Music",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 103",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-103",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-103.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001843",
    "code": "MUSC 110",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Music I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course explores the basic elements of music with the use of writing exercises and students interpreting various music symbols.</span><span> Students will construct music scales, </span><span>intervals</span><span> and triads. Students will learn the skills of basic musicianship, ear training, dictation, analysis of classical and contemporary repertoire, and an introduction to composition.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 110",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-110",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-110.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001844",
    "code": "MUSC 115",
    "title": "Instrumental Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 115",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-115",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-115.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001845",
    "code": "MUSC 120",
    "title": "Chorus",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 120",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-120",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-120.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001846",
    "code": "MUSC 130",
    "title": "Chorus",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Study and performance of representative choral literature. May be taken four (4) times for credit.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 130",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-130",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-130.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001847",
    "code": "MUSC 141",
    "title": "Applied Music I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Private instrumental or vocal music lessons are arranged with a private music teacher through the Northampton Community College faculty Applied Music advisor</span><span>. </span><span>The faculty advisor will </span><span>assist</span><span> the student in finding </span><span>an appropriate teacher</span><span> when necessary. The student will need to complete a minimum of one lesson per week with </span><span>the</span><span> private teacher</span><span>. </span><span>The student will pay Northampton Community College for the credit and pay the private teacher for the lessons at that teacher’s rate.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 141",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-141",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-141.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001848",
    "code": "MUSC 150",
    "title": "Band (Instrumental Ensemble)",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 150",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-150",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-150.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001849",
    "code": "MUSC 152",
    "title": "Introduction to Piano",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is for the student who has no or very little experience and desires to begin learning how to play the piano. It is designed to develop basic keyboard and musicianship skills including technique, sight-reading, harmonization, accompanying, music theory, and playing various piano repertoire. Prereq:- Students need access to a piano/keyboard for practice.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 152",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-152",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-152.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001850",
    "code": "MUSC 162",
    "title": "Introduction to Guitar",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This class is for the student who desires to learn how to play the guitar. It is designed to develop basic and proper techniques and to provide students with experience reading musical notation and guitar tablature, and strumming chords. Students must have a guitar (acoustic or electric) for class and practice.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 162",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-162",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-162.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001851",
    "code": "MUSC 211",
    "title": "Music Theory I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Concepts and techniques associated with harmonic tonality, triads, phrase structure, harmonic progression, and non-harmonic tones; exercises in part writing and continued drill in sight-singing and diction. Prereq. û MUSC 110.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 211",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-211",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-211.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001852",
    "code": "MUSC 212",
    "title": "Music Theory II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 212",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-212",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-212.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001853",
    "code": "MUSC 213",
    "title": "Music Theory III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 213",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-213",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-213.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001854",
    "code": "MUSC 232",
    "title": "History of Music I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 232",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-232",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-232.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001855",
    "code": "MUSC 233",
    "title": "History of Music II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 233",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-233",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-233.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001856",
    "code": "MUSC 242",
    "title": "Applied Music II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Private instrumental or vocal music lessons </span><span>are </span><span>arranged with a private music teacher through the Northampton Community College faculty Applied Music advisor</span><span>. </span><span>The faculty advisor will </span><span>assist</span><span> the student in finding </span><span>an appropriate teacher</span><span> when necessary. The student will need to complete a minimum of one lesson per week with </span><span>the</span><span> private teacher</span><span>.</span><span> The student will pay Northampton Community College for the credit and pay the private teacher for the lessons at that teacher’s rate.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MUSC141"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 242",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-242",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-242.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001857",
    "code": "MUSC 243",
    "title": "Applied Music III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Private instrumental or vocal music lessons </span><span>are </span><span>arranged with a private music teacher through the Northampton Community College faculty Applied Music advisor</span><span>. </span><span>The faculty advisor will </span><span>assist</span><span> the student in finding </span><span>an appropriate teacher</span><span> when necessary. The student will need to complete a minimum of one lesson per week with </span><span>the</span><span> private teacher</span><span>.</span><span> The student will pay Northampton Community College for the credit and pay the private teacher for the lessons at that teacher’s rate.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MUSC242"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 243",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-243",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-243.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001858",
    "code": "MUSC 244",
    "title": "Applied Music IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p><span><span>Private instrumental or vocal music lessons </span><span>are </span><span>arranged with a private music teacher through the Northampton Community College faculty Applied Music advisor</span><span>. </span><span>The faculty advisor will </span><span>assist</span><span> the student in finding </span><span>an appropriate teacher</span><span> when necessary. The student will need to complete a minimum of one lesson per week with </span><span>the</span><span> private teacher</span><span>.</span><span> The student will pay Northampton Community College for the credit and pay the private teacher for the lessons at that teacher’s rate.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MUSC243"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 244",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-244",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-244.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001859",
    "code": "MUSC 253",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Music II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students continue their music study developing more advanced principles from Fundamentals of Music I, including the student of common tone chord progressions and modulations, advanced figured bass, non-harmonic tones, melodic harmonization, analysis of diatonic seventh and chromatic harmonies, sight-singing, ear-training, and keyboard/piano skills. Prereq.- MUSC 110 or permission of instructor.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MUSC110"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 253",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-253",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-253.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001860",
    "code": "MUSC 260",
    "title": "Music Theory III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Continuation of Music Theory II; chromatic harmony, modulation to foreign keys, analysis of representative works, and creative assignments. Prereq. û MUSC 253.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 260",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-260",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-260.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001861",
    "code": "MUSC 262",
    "title": "American Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 262",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-262",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-262.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001862",
    "code": "MUSC 301",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 301",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-301",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-301.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001863",
    "code": "MUSC 402",
    "title": "Childrens Music",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 402",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-402",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-402.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001864",
    "code": "MUSC 552",
    "title": "Early Childhood Music",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/MUSC 552",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-552",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/musc-552.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001865",
    "code": "NANF 211",
    "title": "Matl Safety & Equip - Nanofab",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will provide an overview of basic nanofabrication processing equipment and materials handling procedures. The focus is on procedural, safety, environment, and health issues in equipment operation and materials handling. Emphasis is on using state-of-the-industry processing equipment in the Nanofabrication Facility cleanrooms. Prereq. - permission of department. Offered at the Nanofabrication facility of Pennsylvania State University, main campus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NANF 211",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nanf-211",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nanf-211.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001866",
    "code": "NANF 212",
    "title": "Basic Nanofab Processes",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course will provide an overview of basic processing steps in nanofabrication. A step-by-step description of the equipment and processes needed to fabricate devices and structures will be examined for microelectromechanical (MEM) devices, biomedical 'lab-on-chip' structures, display devices, and microelectronic devices including the diode, transistor, and full CMOS structures. Students will undertake 'hands-on' processing. Prereq. - permission of department. Offered at the Nanofabrication facility of Pennsylvania State University, main campus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NANF 212",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nanf-212",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nanf-212.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001867",
    "code": "NANF 213",
    "title": "Thin Films in Nanofab",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will cover thin film deposition and etching practices in nanofabrication. The purpose is to develop a full understanding of the use of, and the processing involved in, thin film materials in nanofabrication. The emphasis is on learning with and using state-of-the-art processing equipment in the Nanofabrication Facility cleanrooms. Prereq. - permission of department. Offered at the Nanofabrication facility of Pennsylvania State University, main campus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NANF 213",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001868",
    "code": "NANF 214",
    "title": "Lithography for Nanofab",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Lithography is a key part of the nanofabrication equipment, processing, and materials base. This course will cover all aspects of lithography from design and mask fabrication to pattern transfer and inspection. Emphasis will be on using state-of-the-art lithography equipment in the Nanofabrication Facility cleanrooms. Prereq. - permission of department. Offered at the Nanofabrication facility of Pennsylvania State University, main campus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NANF 214",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001869",
    "code": "NANF 215",
    "title": "Mtls Modification in Nanofab",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will cover in detail the processing steps used in modifying material properties in nanofabrication. The purpose is to provide hands-on experience across the spectrum of materials modification techniques used in nanofabrication. The emphasis is on learning and using state-of-the-art materials-modification equipment and materials characterization tools in the Nanofabrication Facility clean rooms. Prereq. - permission of department. Offered at the Nanofabrication facility of Pennsylvania State University, main campus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NANF 215",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nanf-215.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001870",
    "code": "NANF 216",
    "title": "Char Pkging Tstng Nanofab Struct",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will examine a variety of techniques and measurements essential for controlling device fabrication, device performance, and device coupling to the outside world and device stability. The emphasis will be learning with and using state-of-the-art packaging equipment in the Nanofabrication Facility clean rooms. Prereq. - permission of department. Offered at the Nanofabrication facility of Pennsylvania State University, main campus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NANF 216",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nanf-216.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001871",
    "code": "NANF 270",
    "title": "Nanofabrication Seminar",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Seminar course that provides an overview of the processes used in nanofabrication. Formerly ELEC 270.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NANF 270",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nanf-270.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001872",
    "code": "NURS IIIA",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS IIIA",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-iiia",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-iiia.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001873",
    "code": "NURS IIIB",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS IIIB",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001874",
    "code": "NURS IIIC",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS IIIC",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-iiic.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001875",
    "code": "NURS 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Nursing",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "<p>This course provides students with fundamental nursing knowledge and skills to provide basic nursing care to patients across the lifespan. The nursing process, communication skills and the recognition of normal assessment parameters are emphasized throughout the course. Students are introduced to principles of pharmacology, nutrition, legal and ethical nursing responsibilities and patient education needs. This course will include classroom, laboratory and clinical experiences. Restricted to Nursing Students. Pre- or coreq.- BIOS 160 or 204, ENGL101C, PSYC 103. Additional course fee: $180.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS160",
      "BIOS204",
      "ENGL101",
      "PSYC103"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 101",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-101.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001876",
    "code": "NURS 151",
    "title": "Medical-Surgical Nursing for the Practical Nurse",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "<p>Application of nursing principles to medical-surgical health problems affecting patients across the lifespan; development of critical thinking and communication skills through clinical application in a variety of settings. Restricted to Nursing Students. Prereq. - NURS 101 with C or better and BIOS 160; Pre- or coreq.- PSYC 258. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "NURS101",
      "BIOS160",
      "PSYC258"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 151",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-151.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001877",
    "code": "NURS 152",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 152",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-152.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001878",
    "code": "NURS 183",
    "title": "Cont Health Issues",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 183",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-183.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001879",
    "code": "NURS 205",
    "title": "Geriatric Nursing for the Practical Nurse",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Emphasis on application of nursing interventions to address the complex health care needs of geriatric patients; basic principles of nursing management within the scope of practical nursing; extended care facilities provide clinical experiences for the course. Restricted to Nursing Students. Prereq.- NURS 151 with C or better, PSYC 258 and SOCA 103. Additional course fees: $37.00. Offered summer only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "NURS151",
      "PSYC258",
      "SOCA103"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 205",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-205",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-205.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001880",
    "code": "NURS 206",
    "title": "Maternal Nursing for the PN",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Emphasis on providing nursing care to the childbearing family through the nursing process; exploration of the role of the practical nurse related to pregnancy, childbirth, and pediatrics in acute care and community settings. Restricted to Nursing Students. Prereq.- NURS 151 with C or better, PSYC 258 and SOCA 103. Offered summer only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "NURS151",
      "PSYC258",
      "SOCA103"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 206",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-206.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001881",
    "code": "NURS 207",
    "title": "Mental Health Nursing for the PN",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Application of the nursing process to address the needs of patients with common mental health problems; emphasis on the principles of therapeutic communication and relationships in providing nursing care in inpatient and outpatient settings. Restricted to Nursing Students. Prereq.- NURS 151 with C or better, PSYC 258 and SOCA 103. Offered summer only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "NURS151",
      "PSYC258",
      "SOCA103"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 207",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-207.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001882",
    "code": "NURS 210",
    "title": "Nurs Care Patients M/S Probs I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Application of the nursing process to plan and provide care to patients of various age groups with medical-surgical problems. This course will include classroom, lab, and clinical experience including health problems involving the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal system and integumentary problems. Restricted to Nursing Students. Formerly NURS 222. Prereq.- NURS 101. Co-req.- NURS 211.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 210",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-210",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001883",
    "code": "NURS 211",
    "title": "Nurs Care Patients M/S Prob II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Application of the nursing process to plan and provide care to patients of various age groups with medical-surgical problems. This course will include classroom, lab, and clinical experience including health problems involving the musculoskeletal, neurological, sensory, gastrointestinal, endocrine and reproductive systems. Restricted to Nursing Students. Formerly NURS 221. Prereq.- NURS 101. Coreq.- NURS 210.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 211",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-211",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-211.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001884",
    "code": "NURS 215",
    "title": "Nursing Care of Patients with Medical Surgical Problems",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": "<p>This course entails the application of the nursing process to plan and provide care to patients of various age groups with medical-surgical problems. This course includes classroom, laboratory and clinical experiences. Ten hours of clinical experience are scheduled weekly. Restricted to Associate degree Nursing students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "NURS101",
      "BIOS254",
      "ENGL151",
      "MATH150"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 215",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-215",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-215.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001885",
    "code": "NURS 219",
    "title": "Mental Health Nrsg for the LPN",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 219",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-219",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-219.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001886",
    "code": "NURS 221",
    "title": "Care of Patients w/ MS Prob I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Application of the nursing process to plan and provide nursing care to patients of various age groups with medical-surgical health problems; health problems involving the musculoskeletal, neurological, sensory, gastrointestinal, endocrine and reproductive systems. Restricted to Nursing Students. Fall 2006 will be last semester offered. Prereq. - NURS 101 and BIOS 204; Pre- or coreq.- BIOS 254; Coreq.- NURS 222.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 221",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-221",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-221.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001887",
    "code": "NURS 222",
    "title": "Care of Patients w/ MS Prob II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Application of the nursing process to plan and provide nursing care to patients of various age groups with medical-surgical health problems; health problems involving the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal systems and integumentary problems. Restricted to Nursing Students. Fall 2006 will be last semester offered. Prereq. - NURS 101 and BIOS 204; Pre- or coreq. - BIOS 254; Coreq. - NURS 221.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 222",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-222",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-222.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001888",
    "code": "NURS 223",
    "title": "Maternal Child Health Nursing",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course entails the application of the nursing process to plan and provide care to patients of various age groups with medical-surgical problems. This course includes classroom, laboratory and clinical experiences. Ten hours of clinical experience are scheduled weekly. Restricted to Associate degree Nursing students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "NURS215",
      "BIOS202",
      "PSYC258",
      "SOCA102",
      "SOCA103"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 223",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-223",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-223.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001889",
    "code": "NURS 224",
    "title": "Care of Mental Health Patients",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span>This course entails the application of the nursing process in caring for patients along the continuum of mental health. Critical thinking skills and caring behaviors are stressed. Emphasis is placed on self-awareness, the therapeutic process of communication, ethical-legal issues, theoretical and practice advances in the etiology and treatment of mental illness, and the contemporary trends in the practice of psychiatric nursing throughout the lifespan. This course includes classroom, laboratory and clinical experiences. Restricted to Associate Degree Nursing Students. </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "NURS215",
      "BIOS202",
      "PSYC258",
      "SOCA102",
      "SOCA103"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 224",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-224",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-224.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001890",
    "code": "NURS 231",
    "title": "Nursing Seminar",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>This course enables professional nurse role development through simulation exercises that emphasize essential competencies for safe health care delivery. This course is presented in an experience-based learning format. Restricted to Associate Degree Nursing Students. Prereq.- NURS 215 with C&#43; or better, BIOS 254, ENGL 151, and MATH 150.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "NURS215",
      "BIOS254",
      "ENGL151",
      "MATH150"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 231",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-231",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-231.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001891",
    "code": "NURS 257",
    "title": "Complex Probs I: Critical Care",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course emphasizes planning and providing care for patients with multiple acute and/or chronic health problems who present in a variety of acute care settings. This course will include classroom, laboratory and clinical experiences to enable the student to participate in providing complex patient care utilizing critical care skills and current technologies. Restricted to Associate Degree Nursing Students. Prereq.- NURS 223 and 224. Pre- or coreq.- CMTH 102, PHIL 202G, NURS 231 and 258. Additional course fee: $53.00.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 257",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-257",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-257.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001892",
    "code": "NURS 258",
    "title": "Complex Probs II: Geri/Pt Care Mgt",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course focuses on providing nursing care to the aging population. The leadership component includes concepts related to management of patient care. Students are also introduced to the nursing research process as it relates to clinical practice. This course includes classroom, laboratory and clinical experiences. Restricted to Associate Degree Nursing Students. Prereq.- NURS 223 and 224. Pre- or coreq.- CMTH 102, PHIL 202G, Nurs 231 and 257.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 258",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-258",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-258.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001893",
    "code": "NURS 260",
    "title": "Integrated Concepts for Nursing Practice",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "<p>Through classroom learning activities information, simulation, and clinical experience, the student will apply concepts of evidence-based practice, performance improvement, priorities of care, and delegation, as they relate to individuals and families experiencing complex health problems commonly seen in the critical care, acute care, and community environments. Ten hours of clinical experience are scheduled weekly.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "NURS223",
      "NURS224",
      "NURS231",
      "PHIL202G",
      "COMM101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 260",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-260",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-260.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001894",
    "code": "NURS 261",
    "title": "Nursing Practicum",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>This class is a faculty guided independent capstone course to culminate the student&#39;s nursing education. Students will gain increased autonomy while apply nursing knowledge and leadership concepts to patients and families in the healthcare setting. Students will complete 72 clinical hours (total) over the course period. Students must successfully complete NURS260 before taking this practicum. This course is graded Pass/Fail.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "NURS260",
      "PHIL202G",
      "COMM101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 261",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-261",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-261.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001895",
    "code": "NURS 293",
    "title": "Special Studies in Nursing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "See Statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand. Restricted to Nursing students.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 293",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-293",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-293.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001896",
    "code": "NURS 401",
    "title": "Nursing I",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 401",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-401",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-401.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001897",
    "code": "NURS 402",
    "title": "Fund of Nursing",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 402",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-402",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-402.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001898",
    "code": "NURS 403",
    "title": "Intro to Nursing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 403",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-403",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-403.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001899",
    "code": "NURS 404",
    "title": "Nursing I - Intro to Nursing",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 404",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-404",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-404.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001900",
    "code": "NURS 451",
    "title": "Nursing II",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 451",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-451",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-451.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001901",
    "code": "NURS 452",
    "title": "Nursing II",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 452",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-452",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-452.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001902",
    "code": "NURS 453",
    "title": "Nursing II Lab",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 453",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-453",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-453.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001903",
    "code": "NURS 456",
    "title": "Nursing II-P",
    "credits": 8,
    "hours": 8,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 456",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-456",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-456.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001904",
    "code": "NURS 492",
    "title": "Special Studies in Nursing",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/NURS 492",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-492",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/nurs-492.md"
  },
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    "id": "northampton-001905",
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    "code": "NURS 950",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 100",
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    "code": "OFAD 101",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 101",
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    "code": "OFAD 102",
    "title": "Clerical Office Procedures",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 102",
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    "id": "northampton-001943",
    "code": "OFAD 105",
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    "description": "Shorthand utilizing the letters of the alphabet as a foundation for speed building; includes basic theory, dictation, and intensive speed building.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 105",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 106",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 111",
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    "code": "OFAD 115",
    "title": "Intro to International Business",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 115",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 121",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 125",
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    "id": "northampton-001949",
    "code": "OFAD 130",
    "title": "Introduction to WordPerfect",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 130",
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    "id": "northampton-001950",
    "code": "OFAD 131",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 131",
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    "code": "OFAD 135",
    "title": "Principles of Exporting & Importing",
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    "code": "OFAD 141",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001953",
    "code": "OFAD 142",
    "title": "Intro to Excel",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This introductory course is designed for personal and / or vocational use for students wishing to master the fundamentals of Microsoft Excel; creation and formatting of worksheets and charts, creation of formulas, use of functions and graphic features of Excel. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 142",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001954",
    "code": "OFAD 143",
    "title": "Intro to Access",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This introductory course is designed for personal and / or vocational use for students wishing to master the fundamentals of Microsoft Access; creation, modification and sorting of database tables; extracting information via queries; creation of forms and reports; importing and exporting Access data with Microsoft Word and Excel software including mail merge. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 143",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001955",
    "code": "OFAD 144",
    "title": "Introduction to Outlook",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This introductory course develops skill in utilizing all components of Microsoft Outlook, an information management application that provides tools to send and receive email, organize schedules and events, maintain contacts, to-do-lists and notes. Organizing and managing information is a fundamental skill required in today&#39;s society, and while anyone can benefit from this course, these skills are extremely important to those preparing for a career in a business, legal, or medical office. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 144",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001956",
    "code": "OFAD 146",
    "title": "Formatting with Word",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Self-paced course designed for personal and/or vocational use for students wishing to increase keyboarding speed and accuracy; primary emphasis on proper formatting techniques for preparation of letters, complete reports, tables, memos, and resumes; minimum speed of 30 wpm for course completion. OFAD 100 + 146 may be used in lieu of OFAD 101. Only one of the following - OFAD 100 + 146 or OFAD 101 may be applied to graduation. Prereq. - OFAD 100.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 146",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001957",
    "code": "OFAD 147",
    "title": "Intro to Windows",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Self-paced course designed for personal and/or vocational use for students wishing to master the fundamentals of Microsoft Windows; overview of the Microsoft Windows operating system and components of the active desktop; use of the Start menu; shortcuts; Windows accessory programs; opening data files; managing disks, folders and files; customizing the desktop.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 147",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-147.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001958",
    "code": "OFAD 148",
    "title": "Learning the Internet",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Self-paced course designed for personal and/or vocational use for students wishing to master the fundamentals of using the Internet; hand-on practice using Netscape to navigate the World Wide Web and link to Internet resources; creating and sending email, FTP, using search engines, file downloading, locating newsgroups and other discussion tools. Prereq. - OFAD 147.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 148",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-148",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-148.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-001959",
    "code": "OFAD 149",
    "title": "Digital Presentation Applications",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This introductory course develops skills in mastering the fundamentals of a variety of current digital presentation applications. It offers students regardless of career focus, the skills to plan a variety of presentations for an audience. The creation and sharing of professional-quality presentations requires embracing newer interactive, intuitive, mobile and cloud friendly technologies along with a basic understanding of how to plan a presentation from inception to delivery. Also Available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 149",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-149",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-149.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001960",
    "code": "OFAD 150",
    "title": "Essentials of Office 2007",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Hands-on, self-paced development of skills using Office 2007: Word, Excel, and Powerpoint to enhance employability in today's office environment. Prereq.- Keyboarding skill and prior experience with earlier versions of Word, Excel, and Powerpoint.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 150",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-150",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-150.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001961",
    "code": "OFAD 151",
    "title": "Computer Fundamentals",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This introductory course is designed to develop computer skills for personal and/or vocational objectives. Topics include the basics of using and maintaining a Windows-based computer, digital file management, and accessing the Internet to communicate and locate information. Students also learn to use the institution's course management system and current social networking sites.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 151",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-151",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-151.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001962",
    "code": "OFAD 152",
    "title": "Excel for the Medical Profession",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course develops key skills in Microsoft Excel with a focus on spreadsheets used and useful in the medical office environment. Topics covered include formulas, functions formatting, charts and templates. Advanced topics include pivot tables, general macros skills and accessing data from external sources. Prereq. - OFAD142 or CISC101.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 152",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-152",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-152.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001963",
    "code": "OFAD 153",
    "title": "Real Estate Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Designed to prepare the student to become a legal office administrative support person who is either a paralegal or legal office administrator; basic concepts of the law of real property and rules affecting ownership, and transfer of ownership of real property; preparation of deeds, mortgages, title search and leases, including accumulating data and information needed to complete the above forms. Cross-listed as PARL 153; only one may be applied to a degree. Prereq. - word processing skill using Microsoft Word.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 153",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-153",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-153.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001964",
    "code": "OFAD 154",
    "title": "Medical Terminology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Comprehensive study of medical terminology with emphasis on prefixes, suffixes, word roots, and spelling principles through the use of programmed materials, interactive computer experiences, lecture, and audio tape delivery. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 154",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-154",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-154.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001965",
    "code": "OFAD 155",
    "title": "Basic Medical Transcription",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Development of medical transcribing skill with emphasis on guidelines for spelling, grammar, punctuation, number, figure and abbreviation transcription, and formatting of medical correspondence and reports from prepared clearly dictated material; emphasis on accuracy. Minimum of three hours per week of lab to be arranged. Prereq. - OFAD 101 and 154; Pre- or coreq. - OFAD 121.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 155",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-155",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-155.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001966",
    "code": "OFAD 163",
    "title": "Law Office Procedures",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Legal software for billing and docket control, procedures for filing, phone techniques, and appropriate handling of clients in a legal setting; divorce, bankruptcy, and keyboarding of wills. Prereq. - word processing skill using Microsoft Word or Word Perfect. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 163",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-163",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-163.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001967",
    "code": "OFAD 170",
    "title": "Coding for Medical Services",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Development of ICD-9-CM and CPT coding skills with emphasis on coding guidelines, methodologies, rules and regulations for inpatient and outpatient medical/health services; in-class coding exercises including the selection of principal/secondary diagnosis and procedures, V codes, E codes, chronic and acute conditions. Prereq. - OFAD 101 and 154.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 170",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-170",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-170.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001968",
    "code": "OFAD 172",
    "title": "Processing:Health Care Serv Reim",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course reviews the procedures, rules and regulations as well as the history, structure, and organization of the health insurance processes. Emphasis will be placed on review of medical documentation and accuracy in the submission of health claims for optimal reimbursement. Prereq. - OFAD154.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 172",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-172",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-172.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001969",
    "code": "OFAD 175",
    "title": "ICD-10-CM/PCS Coding Methodologies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course reviews the ICD-10-CM/PCS coding and classifications systems used in the health care setting. The emphasis is on the coding guidelines, rules and regulations as well as the history, structure and organization of the coding systems. Emphasis on the review of medical documentation, diagnosis selection and the correct sequencing for optimal reimbursement will also be integrated with the course. Prereq. - OFAD154.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 175",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-175",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-175.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001970",
    "code": "OFAD 176",
    "title": "CPT Coding Methodology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course reviews the CPT (Current Procedural Terminology) coding system used in the health care setting. The course will emphasize the coding guidelines, the application of modifiers, the rules and regulations as well as the structure of the coding system. Review of medical documentation will also be incorporated. Prereq. - OFAD154.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 176",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-176",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-176.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001971",
    "code": "OFAD 177",
    "title": "Health Information Technology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to introduce the student to the field of health information technology. Topics to be covered include the healthcare delivery system, medical records format and content, healthcare reimbursement, how information is gathered and by whom, how information is used and the technology behind health information systems. In addition, the course will cover retention policies and procedures, documentation, confidentiality issues (HIPAA), legal and regulatory aspects of the medical record and the basics of the electronic health record.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 177",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-177",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-177.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001972",
    "code": "OFAD 180",
    "title": "Intro to Paralegal Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 180",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-180",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-180.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001973",
    "code": "OFAD 201",
    "title": "Advanced Document Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on effective utilization and further development of advanced word processing and spreadsheet software features used in preparing and formatting various documents according to a variety of style guides and resources. Emphasis is placed on extreme accuracy, mail-ability, and high-level production using simulated information-processing projects that resemble applications that would be required in modern office environments. Prereq. - OFAD 121.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 201",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-201",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-201.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001974",
    "code": "OFAD 205",
    "title": "Microsoft Office Software Applications",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Development of word processing skills using Word, spreadsheet skills using Excel, and database skills using Access using MS Office software. OFAD 141+142+143 may be used in lieu of OFAD 205. Only one of the following - OFAD 141+142+143 or OFAD 205 may be applied to graduation. Pre- or coreq.- OFAD 101.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 205",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-205",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-205.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001975",
    "code": "OFAD 221",
    "title": "Business Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Comprehensive overview of the communications processes with special emphasis on practical workplace applications; students assess and develop their listening, speaking, writing, and research skills as they prepare business letters, memos, reports, presentations, proposals, and employment packages; students plan and conduct business meetings and practice effective group problem-solving skills. Only one of the following: BUSA 221 or OFAD 221 may be applied to a degree. Prereq. - ENGL 151 and CMTH 102. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 221",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-221",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-221.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001976",
    "code": "OFAD 221G",
    "title": "Business Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Comprehensive overview of the communications processes with special emphasis on practical workplace applications; students assess and develop their listening, speaking, writing, and research skills as they prepare business letters, memos, reports, presentations, proposals, and employment packages; students plan and conduct business meetings and practice effective group problem-solving skills. Only one of the following: BUSA 221 or OFAD 221 may be applied to a degree. Writing intensive. Prereq. - CMTH 102 and ENGL 151. Also available through Online Learning. Core: WI.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 221G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-221g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-221g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001977",
    "code": "OFAD 230",
    "title": "Modern Office Procedures",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course emphasizes the essential skills required for administrative assistants working in a contemporary office environment. Topics for this course will include: office protocols, time management, office equipment and technology, records management, meeting and travel planning, customer service, office ergonomics, the virtual administrative assistant, cloud computing, as well as other support functions needed in today's office. Students will develop their customer service, teamwork, and problem solving, as well as other soft skills via real-world office simulations. Prereq. - OFAD 121. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 230",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-230",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-230.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001978",
    "code": "OFAD 230G",
    "title": "Modern Office Procedures",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Procedures for dealing with people, communication, travel, meeting arrangements, records management, as well as other support functions needed in todayÆs automated office; dress, grooming and personality; prepares a student to function as an administrative assistant in a modern office setting. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101 and OFAD 121.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 230G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-230g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-230g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001979",
    "code": "OFAD 240",
    "title": "Medical Office Mngmt Practices",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a culminating experience for students enrolled in health care programs. Students will develop skills necessary for working in a health care environment, whether it is in a physician's office, hospital, skilled nursing facility or other health care/medical office. Students will master tasks of a medical office, including medical communications and scheduling, preparing patients' charts and bills, electronic health records, finances, managing health information, ethics, law and compliance and general office management. Prereq. - OFAD154.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 240",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-240",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-240.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001980",
    "code": "OFAD 250",
    "title": "Internship",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course includes preparatory seminars preceding a 150 hour placement of each student in a health care office or corporate office setting appropriate to the program of study. The on-site experience will provide actual \"hands-on\" experience supervised by an on-site, experienced mentor; assignments by faculty will include maintenance of a daily journal and development of a detailed procedures manual which reflects office operations. On-site visits will be made by OFAD faculty. Prereq. - BUSA221G; Pre- or co-req. - OFAD230 or 240",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 250",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-250",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-250.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001981",
    "code": "OFAD 254",
    "title": "Advanced Medical Terminology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an in-depth study of medical terminology with emphasis on current usage pertaining to diagnostic techniques, disease processes, oncology, radiology, surgical and medical treatment/intervention. Prereq. - OFAD154",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 254",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-254",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-254.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001982",
    "code": "OFAD 255",
    "title": "Advanced Medical Transcription",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Practice and further development of medical transcription skill using up-to-date actual dictation on a wide variety of reports by many dictators provided by medical personnel in allied health settings; emphasis on high standards of accuracy and speed of transcription. Minimum of three hours per week of lab to be arranged. Prereq. - OFAD 154. Offered spring semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 255",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-255",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-255.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001983",
    "code": "OFAD 270",
    "title": "Advanced Coding for Medical Services",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces advanced ICD-10 and CPT coding skills with emphasis on enhancing accuracy and refinement of effective use of resources. Course intended only for those students who possess a working knowledge of coding; will prove beneficial to those currently working in a medical billing setting. Prereq. - OFAD170 or OFAD175+176.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 270",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-270",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-270.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001984",
    "code": "OFAD 275",
    "title": "Capstone Simulation for Coding",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course bridges the gap between classroom and work experience for medical coding and billing. It provides a capstone experience allowing students to take what was learned in the classroom and apply it with on-the-job scenarios typically performed by a medical coding and billing specialist. Prereq. - OFAD170 or OFAD175+176.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 275",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-275",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-275.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001985",
    "code": "OFAD 276",
    "title": "Diversity & Cultural Competency in Healthcare",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to explore diversity and cultural competency in healthcare. Students will explore and understand the wide array in which diversity and culture influence healthcare needs, expectations and decisions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 276",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-276",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-276.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001986",
    "code": "OFAD 401",
    "title": "Typing I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 401",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-401",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-401.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001987",
    "code": "OFAD 402",
    "title": "Shorthand I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 402",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-402",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-402.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001988",
    "code": "OFAD 407",
    "title": "Speedwriting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 407",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-407",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/ofad-407.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-001989",
    "code": "OFAD 411",
    "title": "Trends in Office Automation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/OFAD 411",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces the American legal system and the variety of work done in the public and private practice of law by attorneys and paralegals working under the supervision of attorneys; emphasis on substantive and procedural aspects of law and the role of paralegals in accomplishing varied tasks within the legal system; examination of the structure and operation of the federal and state court systems; discussion of the ethical considerations inherent in the performance of various functions by paralegals. Formerly PARL 180.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002030",
    "code": "PARL 120",
    "title": "Law Office Computer Technology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This online course prepares students for working in the legal field</span><span>, specifically in law offices</span><span>.</span><span> </span><span>Students will </span><span>demonstrate</span><span> competent knowledge of legal technology software programs typically </span><span>utilized</span><span> in a law </span><span>office </span><span>for </span><span>data management and processing, case and trial management, billing, calendaring and electronic communication through interactive software simulation and hands-on experience. </span><span>Introduction and development of correct keyboard touch-typing finger placement to improve keyboarding accuracy and speed will be interwoven throughout the course to achieve a minimum of 30 WPM</span><span>. </span><span>Students will be encouraged to use learned keyboarding techniques to improve speed and accuracy to achieve industry benchmarks. Upon the successful completion of 12 legal technology software modules and course, a digital badge will be provided from the National Society for Legal Technology </span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC101",
      "PARL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 120",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-120",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-120.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002031",
    "code": "PARL 150",
    "title": "Law Office Procedures",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces the student to a typical legal office setting and the duties that may be required of a paralegal, emphasis on various file management and docket systems, billing and account management, client and colleague interaction, current office technology and ethical behavior. Formerly OFAD163</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 150",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-150",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-150.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002032",
    "code": "PARL 151",
    "title": "Family Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces basic common law and statutory concepts of family law and domestic relations. Topics include, among others, marriages, separation, divorce, annulment, martial property, the parent-child relationship, child custody and supports, adoptions, guardianship, domestic relations court procedures, and the paralegal&#39;s role in the delivery of family law legal services. Ethical obligations, family law terminology and relevant technology in domestic relations practice are also presented. Prereq.- PARL 101. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PARL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 151",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-151",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-151.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002033",
    "code": "PARL 153",
    "title": "Real Estate Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Designed to prepare the student to become a legal office administrative support person who is either a paralegal or legal office administrator; basic concepts of the law of real property and rules affecting ownership, and transfer of ownership of real property; preparation of deeds, mortgages, title search and leases, including accumulating data and information needed to complete the above forms. Pre- or coreq. - PARL 101; Prereq. - word processing skill using Microsoft Word. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PARL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 153",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-153",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-153.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002034",
    "code": "PARL 156",
    "title": "Estates and Trusts",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Preparation of wills, trusts and administration of estates; responsibilities of the legal assistant in these areas; sample forms for wills, trusts and administration of an estate; preparation of tax returns. Pre- or coreq. - PARL 101. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PARL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 156",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-156",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-156.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002035",
    "code": "PARL 161",
    "title": "Business Organization Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This</span><span><span> </span>course introduces the principles of law applicable to operation of a business as a sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. Students will learn how to draft documents needed for organization, operation and dissolution of each.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PARL-101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 161",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-161",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-161.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002036",
    "code": "PARL 162",
    "title": "Contract Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces proper analysis and application of the law pertaining to contract classification, formation, interpretation, remedies, and dispute resolution under common law, consumer protection laws and the Uniform Commercial Code. Emphasis is on the role of the paralegal in accomplishing various tasks under the supervision of an attorney in all phases of the contracting process. Prereq.- PARL 101. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PARL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 162",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-162",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-162.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002037",
    "code": "PARL 163",
    "title": "Tort Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces civil wrongs including intentional torts, negligence, product liability, trespass, and nuisance cases. Examination of the common defenses to such actions and appropriate remedies for the victims are analyzed. The paralegal&#39;s role in the delivery of legal services, ethical obligations, legal terminology and relevant technology in a tort and personal injury law practice also are presented. Prereq. - PARL 101. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PARL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 163",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-163",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-163.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002038",
    "code": "PARL 166",
    "title": "Criminal Law and Procedure",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces the paralegal&#39;s role in the practice of criminal law. Students will examine the critical stages in criminal procedure from arrest through appeal. Students will analyze the substantive aspects of criminal law including the general principles of criminal liability, particular crimes, parties to crimes, and the defenses to crimes. The Constitutional issues involved in criminal law will also be covered. Students will review statutes, rules and significant cases in criminal law and conduct research of various legal issues in order to prepare memorandums and motions in support of their research. Ethical issues involved in criminal law will be explored. Prereq. - PARL 101. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PARL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 166",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-166",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-166.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002039",
    "code": "PARL 175",
    "title": "Bankruptcy Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course will enable students to have a foundation in both substantive and procedural bankruptcy law. The student will explore various legal ethics scenarios, paralegal&#39;s role and duty in the practice of bankruptcy law under the supervision of a licensed attorney, client relations and intake as well as drafting of the various petitions and schedules, form and motions.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 175",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-175",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-175.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002040",
    "code": "PARL 180",
    "title": "Intro. to Paralegal Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Basic introduction to the American legal system and the variety of work done in the public and private practice of law by attorneys and paralegals working under the supervision of attorneys; emphasis on substantive and procedural aspects of law and the role of paralegals in accomplishing varied tasks within the legal system; examination of the structure and operation of the federal and state court systems; discussion of the ethical considerations inherent in the performance of various functions by paralegals.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 180",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-180",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-180.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002041",
    "code": "PARL 187",
    "title": "Litigation Practice & Procedure",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Civil litigation including appeals, drafting pleadings, interrogatories, depositions, and motions; aspects of criminal practice. Pre- or coreq. - PARL 101; Prereq. - typing skill.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PARL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 187",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-187",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-187.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002042",
    "code": "PARL 205",
    "title": "Legal Research",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides practical experience understanding the court system at both the federal and state levels, locating and applying conventional and computerized legal research resources in the investigation and resolution of typical fact scenarios and legal issues. Emphasis is placed on preparing for the role of the paralegal performing legal research in an attorney-supervised law office. Students will become familiar with basic legal writing principles. Prereq.- ENGL101 and PARL101.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101",
      "PARL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 205",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-205",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-205.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002043",
    "code": "PARL 210G",
    "title": "Legal Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course reinforces legal research skills previously learned and further demonstrates the application and knowledge to synthesize information and research results into practical legal writing exercises. Students will become familiar with basic legal writing principles and the incorporation of legal research results into traditional writing exercises in the IRAC (Issue, Rule, Analysis and Conclusion) method of legal writing such as case briefs, legal research memoranda and attorney-supervised traditional persuasive court required writings (such as but not limited to memos and briefs etc.) to develop advocacy and communication skills. Prereq.- ENGL151L and PARL101.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL151L",
      "PARL205"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 210G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-210g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-210g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002044",
    "code": "PARL 215",
    "title": "Legal Research and Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>The legal resources available to the legal profession; practical experience doing research, performing conventional and computerized legal research. Prereq. - ENGL 151; Pre- or coreq. - PARL 101.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 215",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-215",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-215.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002045",
    "code": "PARL 215G",
    "title": "Legal Research and Writing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides practical experience locating and applying conventional and computerized legal research resources in the investigation and resolution of typical fact scenarios and legal issues. Emphasis is placed on preparing for the role of the paralegal performing legal research in an attorney-supervised law office. Students will become familiar with basic legal writing principles and the incorporation of legal research results into traditional writing exercises such as case briefs and legal research memoranda. Prereq.- ENGL 151 and PARL 101. CORE: WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL151",
      "PARL101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 215G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-215g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-215g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002046",
    "code": "PARL 250",
    "title": "Internship",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course includes preparatory seminars preceding 100-hour</span><span> student obtained</span><span> placement in a </span><span>legal </span><span>office setting </span><span>appropriate to</span><span> the course study. The</span><span> student</span><span> on-site experience includes assignments</span><span> given</span><span> by </span><span>a licensed attorney or their designated paralegal</span><span> in an environment where the intern will be </span><span>properly supervised</span><span>; maintenance of a daily journal during the actual work experienc</span><span>e shall be </span><span>submitted</span><span> weekly during the internship and a student internship reflective paper will be due at the end of the internship experience</span><span>. </span><span>Restricted to Paralegal majors.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CISC101",
      "PARL150",
      "PARL187",
      "PARL210G"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 250",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-250",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-250.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002047",
    "code": "PARL 291",
    "title": "Special Studies in Paralegal",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>See Statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PARL 291",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-291",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/parl-291.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002048",
    "code": "PHED 111",
    "title": "Tennis I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Designed for the beginning student to develop and acquire the skills, techniques and knowledge, thus enabling the student to successfully participate in tennis on a lifetime basis. Coeducational.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHED 111",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-111",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002049",
    "code": "PHED 116",
    "title": "Golf",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Designed for the development and acquisition of skills, techniques and knowledge to enable the student to successfully participate in golf on a lifetime basis. Coeducational.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHED 116",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-116",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-116.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002050",
    "code": "PHED 117",
    "title": "Bowling I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Designed for the beginning student to develop and acquire the skills, techniques, and knowledge thus enabling the student to successfully participate in bowling on a lifetime basis. Student works independently to achieve the objectives of the course. Additional lane fee will be charged. Coeducational. Also available through Online Learning. Additional course fees: $40.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHED 117",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-117",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-117.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002051",
    "code": "PHED 120",
    "title": "Racquetball",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Designed to enhance the skills, techniques and knowledge to enable the student to successfully participate in racquetball on a lifetime basis. Coeducational.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHED 120",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-120",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-120.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002052",
    "code": "PHED 121",
    "title": "Cardio Conditioning",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces students to basic knowledge regarding developing and performing cardiorespiratory fitness programs. Students will become familiar with various activities used to develop and enhance the cardiorespiratory system, including interval and steady-state training activities, as well as, developing means of assessing individual cardiorespiratory fitness. Participants will learn how to safely and effectively develop an individualized cardiorespiratory training program</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHED 121",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-121",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-121.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002053",
    "code": "PHED 125",
    "title": "Weight Training I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces students to basic knowledge regarding developing and performing resistance training programs. Students will become familiar with various resistance training exercises, including free-weights, machines, and other specialized equipment, as well as, developing means of assessing individual muscle fitness. Participants will learn how to safely and effectively develop an individualized resistance training program. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHED 125",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-125",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-125.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002054",
    "code": "PHED 130",
    "title": "Fitness I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces students to the health-related components of fitness: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle fitness, flexibility, and body composition. Students will become familiar with various activities used to develop and enhance each of these fitness components, including: resistance training, cardiorespiratory fitness activities, and flexibility exercises, as well as, developing means of assessing each of the components. Participants will learn how to safely and effectively develop an individualized comprehensive fitness program. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHED 130",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-130",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-130.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002055",
    "code": "PHED 135",
    "title": "Yoga and Pilates",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces students to basic knowledge of the fundamental philosophies and skills of Yoga and Pilates. Students will become familiar with basic postures and develop an understanding of Yoga and Pilates as forms of mind/body exercise. Breath and meditation postures (asanas) for relaxation will also be explored. Participants will learn how to safely and effectively develop an individualized Yoga and Pilates practice.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHED 135",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-135",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-135.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002056",
    "code": "PHED 140",
    "title": "Backpacking",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is designed to instruct students in the basic skills and equipment of hiking, backpacking, wilderness camping and cooking, navigation, trip planning, safety, and first aid. Instruction will emphasize the value of backpacking as a life-long activity. Students will plan and execute an overnight trip.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHED 140",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-140",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-140.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002057",
    "code": "PHED 211",
    "title": "Tennis II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>A course designed to enhance the student&#39;s skills, techniques and knowledge of the game of tennis, thus enabling the student to participate on a more competitive basis. Medical clearance or testament of health status is required. Prereq.- PHED 111 or departmental approval.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHED 211",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-211",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-211.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002058",
    "code": "PHED 217",
    "title": "Bowling II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>A course designed to enhance the student&#39;s skills, techniques and knowledge thus enabling the student to participate on a more competitive lifetime basis. Student works independently to achieve the objective of the course. Coeducational. Prereq. - PHED 117 or departmental permission. Also available through Online Learning. Additional course fees: $40.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHED 217",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-217",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-217.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002059",
    "code": "PHED 230",
    "title": "Fitness II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course builds upon concepts learned in Fitness I to provide a deeper understanding of fitness and a more complete view of wellness. Goal setting, special exercise considerations, injury prevention, heart health, nutrition, and weight management will be examined. Students will employ these concepts to further enrich fitness programs and lead a healthier lifestyle. Medical Clearance or testament of health status is required. Prereq.- PHED 130 or departmental permission. Only available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PHED130"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHED 230",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-230",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-230.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002060",
    "code": "PHED 235",
    "title": "Personal Yoga Practice",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed for the student with prior experience in Yoga. Students will be introduced to more challenging variations and basic postures with a goal of deepening their personal Yoga practice designed to meet their individual lifestyle goals, such as increased flexibility, healing an injury, improved athletic performance, reducing stress and anxiety, and/or improved mind/body intelligence. Participants will learn how to safely and effectively deepen and commit to their personal Yoga practice, with an emphasis on making it a part of their lifestyle. Prereq.- PHED135.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PHED135"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHED 235",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-235",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phed-235.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002061",
    "code": "PHIL 011",
    "title": "Man's Search for Meaning",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHIL 011",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phil-011",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phil-011.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002062",
    "code": "PHIL 101",
    "title": "Religion in Contemporary",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHIL 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/phil-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/phil-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002063",
    "code": "PHIL 103",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "hours": 3,
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    "title": "On Death and Dying",
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    "code": "PHIL 117",
    "title": "Values in Conflict",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "PHIL 121",
    "title": "World Religions",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHIL 121",
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    "code": "PHIL 193",
    "title": "Special Studies in Philosophy",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHIL 193",
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    "id": "northampton-002069",
    "code": "PHIL 201",
    "title": "Introduction to Philosophy",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHIL 201",
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    "title": "Introduction to Philosophy",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "PHIL 202",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHIL 202",
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    "code": "PHIL 203",
    "title": "Bioethics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "PHIL 204",
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    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A survey of major Asian traditions, texts, and thinkers, especially in Indian and Chinese philosophy. Course themes will include Asian philosophical perspectives on the nature of the mind, body, self, soul, identity, knowledge, reality, compassion, duty, karma, and nirvana. This course will involve the disciplined practices of concentration and meditation. Pre or coreq. - PHIL 121 or 201. Approved for the Honors Program. Core: AH, D.",
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      "PHIL201"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHIL 204",
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    "code": "PHIL 211",
    "title": "Ancient Philosophy",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of major Ancient Western Philosophical traditions, texts, and thinkers, emphasizing Plato and Aristotle, but also including the pre-Socratic and Hellenistic eras. Course themes include Ancient Greek and Roman (et.al.) perspectives on the nature of reality, knowledge, virtue, happiness, the soul, logic, and philosophical inquiry. Prereq. - Reading and Writing Competency as determined for ENGL101 . Core: AH.",
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    "code": "PHIL 215",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHIL 215",
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    "code": "PHIL 220",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHIL 220",
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    "code": "PHIL 225",
    "title": "What is Freedom?",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An investigation into one of the most central and influential philosophical concepts in our lives and cultures: freedom. What does it mean to be free? What is the nature of free will? Does free will even exist? What is the relationship between personal, metaphysical, and political conceptions of freedom? This course will include a survey of major thinkers and traditions on the subject of freedom. Prereq. - Reading and Writing competency as determined for ENGL101. Core: AH.",
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    "hours": 1,
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    "code": "PHYS 101",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 101",
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    "code": "PHYS 111",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "PHYS 130",
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    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 130",
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    "code": "PHYS 151",
    "title": "Physics II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This is the follow-on physics course to PHYS 101 (Physics I), and is an introductory, algebra-based, problem-solving course with a lab component. Topics covered are vibrations and waves, sound, electric charge and electric fields, circuits, magnetism, electromagnetic waves, light, and optics. Prereq. - PHYS 101 with C or better. Core: SCI. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 151",
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    "id": "northampton-002084",
    "code": "PHYS 152",
    "title": "Physical Science II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>A study of basic physics and chemistry including properties of matter, force and motion, work and machines, heat and combustion, electricity and magnetism, mechanics of liquids and gases, basic chemical reactions, atomic energy and radiation. Core: SCI. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 152",
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    "id": "northampton-002085",
    "code": "PHYS 160",
    "title": "General Physics I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 160",
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    "id": "northampton-002086",
    "code": "PHYS 201",
    "title": "General Physics I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 201",
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    "id": "northampton-002087",
    "code": "PHYS 202",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 202",
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    "id": "northampton-002088",
    "code": "PHYS 210",
    "title": "General Physics II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 210",
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    "id": "northampton-002089",
    "code": "PHYS 215",
    "title": "Physics for Science and Engineering I",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "<p>Physical quantities, particle kinematics and dynamics, work, energy, momentum, rotational mechanics, equilibrium, heat, and thermodynamics. Pre- or coreq. - MATH 181. Core: SCI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 215",
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    "code": "PHYS 225",
    "title": "Physics for Science and Engineering II",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "<p>This is the follow-on physics course to PHYS 215 (Physics for Science &amp; Engineering I), and is an engineering and scientist level, calculus-based, problem-solving physics course with lab component. Topics covered are vibrations and waves, sound, electric charge and electric fields, circuits, magnetism, electromagnetic waves, light, optics and modern physics (quantum, atomic, relativity). Prereq. - PHYS215 with C or better. Core: SCI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 225",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002091",
    "code": "PHYS 260",
    "title": "General Physics III",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 260",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002092",
    "code": "PHYS 301",
    "title": "Physical Science",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 301",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002093",
    "code": "PHYS 309",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 309",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002094",
    "code": "PHYS 351",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 351",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002095",
    "code": "PHYS 401",
    "title": "Children's Phys Science",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PHYS 401",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002096",
    "code": "PLST 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Plastics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Technology of plastics including polymeric materials and their properties; the various processing techniques used in manufacturing plastics, and testing and uses of plastics. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PLST 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/plst-101",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002097",
    "code": "PLST 111",
    "title": "Plastic Materials",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Overview of polymer science and engineering; polymers and elastomers available today, their derivation, and their uses; various material properties and their associated tests. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PLST 111",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/plst-111",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002098",
    "code": "PLST 125",
    "title": "Polymer Processing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Plastic process engineering; engineering and manufacture of plastic components and assemblies with emphasis on cause and effect relationships between material composition, product end-use requirements, and associated processing concerns. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PLST 125",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002099",
    "code": "PLST 131",
    "title": "Plastic Product Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Design of plastic products; choices of plastic materials emphasizing the design characteristics of each including its properties, derivations, significance, and application; reasons and methods for each process and product assembly selection. Prereq. - PLST 101 or 111. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PLST 131",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/plst-131",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002100",
    "code": "PLST 135",
    "title": "Total Quality & Processing Mgt",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "To develop an understanding of managerial theory and techniques required to manage a plastics facility. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PLST 135",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002101",
    "code": "PLST 141",
    "title": "Mold Design for Plastics Mfg.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Theories and practices employed by the industry related to design, industry specification, preparation, and the building of injection, compression, and transfer molds. Prereq. - PLST 101 or 111. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PLST 141",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002102",
    "code": "PLST 145",
    "title": "Polymer Additives",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Additives and fillers used in the polymer processing industry; processes of compounding and extrusion. Prereq. - PLST 101 or 111. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PLST 145",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002103",
    "code": "POLS 100",
    "title": "Participatory Governance",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/POLS 100",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002104",
    "code": "POLS 101",
    "title": "Intro to Political Science",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Basic issues of political science including political theory, comparative political institutions, dominate ideologies and ideas, the importance of law, the domestic and Third World struggles for civil and political equality and international relations. Also available through Online Learning. Approved for the Honors Program.",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "prerequisites": [
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    "prerequisites": [
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PSYC 103G",
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    "code": "PSYC 105",
    "title": "The Science of Happiness: Promoting Mental Well-Being",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "prerequisites": [
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    "code": "PSYC 131",
    "title": "Survey of Neuropsych Assessmnt",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "PSYC 151",
    "title": "Developmental Psychology II",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PSYC 151",
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    "code": "PSYC 200",
    "title": "Psychology of Self",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "PSYC 201",
    "title": "Statistics & Res. Design",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "PSYC 202",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "code": "PSYC 205",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PSYC 209",
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    "code": "PSYC 221",
    "title": "Responding to the Bereaved",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PSYC 221",
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    "code": "PSYC 230",
    "title": "Intro to Health Psychology",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an overview of the expanding field of health psychology. Current research will be examined to understand how biological, psychological, and social factors influence health, especially as they relate to chronic and life-threatening illnesses (e.g., cancer, AIDS, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic pain). There will be an exploration of the role of psychologists and psychological research in areas such as prevention, early detection and adaptation to illness. Students will also consider cultural and gender factors that influences the following: health behaviors; access to, and utilization of, health-related resources; and health outcomes. Prereq.- PSYC 103. Core: SSHB, D.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PSYC 230",
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    "code": "PSYC 235",
    "title": "Child & Adolescent Psychopathology",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course investigates the issues of normal versus psychopathological behavior in infants, children, and adolescents and surveys alternative views of etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention or various mental disorders with a special emphasis on the developmental psychopathology perspective.</p>",
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    "code": "PSYC 245",
    "title": "Cognitive Psychology",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Cognitive psychology is the study of what we know, how we know it, and how that knowledge is acquired, organized, accessed, and used. This class will be a survey of the following: a historical perspective on the field of studying cognition; the research methods of contemporary cognitive psychology; attention; perception; memory; the structure of knowledge; individual differences in intelligence; our understanding of language and music; reasoning; problem-solving; and cognitive neuroscience. Prereq.- PSYC 103. Core SSHB.",
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    "id": "northampton-002154",
    "code": "PSYC 251",
    "title": "Child Psychology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The individual from conception to adolescence: physically, mentally, emotionally and socially from the research standpoint. PSYC 251 and PSYC 258 may not both be used for credit. Prereq. - PSYC 103. Also available through Online Learning.",
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    "code": "PSYC 251G",
    "title": "Child Psychology",
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    "hours": 3,
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      "ENGL101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PSYC 251G",
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    "code": "PSYC 252",
    "title": "Educational Psychology",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-002157",
    "code": "PSYC 253",
    "title": "Psychology of Adjustment",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-002158",
    "code": "PSYC 254",
    "title": "Adolescent Psychology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The physical, personal and social parameters of adolescence with co-emphasis on group trends and individual adjustments within those trends. Prereq. - PSYC 103.",
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    "id": "northampton-002159",
    "code": "PSYC 255",
    "title": "Psychopathology",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course investigates psychopathology and surveys the symptoms, causes, treatment and prevention of various disorders.</p>",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002160",
    "code": "PSYC 258",
    "title": "Developmental Psychology",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "PSYC 258G",
    "title": "Developmental Psychology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is a theory and research based overview of physical, cognitive, psychosocial dimensions of human development from preconception to death. It includes discussion of universal patterns, cultural differences and individual variations within cultures. PSYC 251 and PSYC 258 may not both be used for credit. Writing intensive. Prereq. - PSYC 103 and ENGL 101. Also available through Online Learning. Core: D, SSHB, WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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      "ENGL101"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002162",
    "code": "PSYC 265",
    "title": "Psychology of Sex & Gender",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students explore both human sex (the biological identification as male/female) and gender (the social/personal construct of feminine/masculine) from a psychological perspective. Students investigate the theories and research of biological, psychological, and cultural determinants. The influence of sex and gender is examined in areas of development, aggression, achievement, communication, relationship, employment, and physical and mental health. Prereq. - PSYC 103. Core: SSHB. Approved for the Honors Program. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PSYC103"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PSYC 265",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002163",
    "code": "PSYC 291",
    "title": "Special Studies in Psychology",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "See Statement on Special Studies. Offered on demand.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PSYC 291",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002164",
    "code": "PSYC 301",
    "title": "Psych of Human Relations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PSYC 301",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002165",
    "code": "PSYC 401",
    "title": "Child Development",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PSYC 401",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002166",
    "code": "PSYC 402",
    "title": "Psychology of Human Relations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PSYC 402",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002167",
    "code": "PSYC 421",
    "title": "Responding to the Bereaved",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PSYC 421",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002168",
    "code": "PSYC 501",
    "title": "Learning Theory",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PSYC 501",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002169",
    "code": "PSYC 502",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PSYC 502",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002170",
    "code": "PUBH 100",
    "title": "Intro to Healthcare Careers",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course is an introduction to healthcare for learners entering college level healthcare programs. The fundamentals common to all healthcare occupations are presented. An overview of essential core qualities and behaviors needed to be an effective healthcare professional will also be presented.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PUBH 100",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002171",
    "code": "PUBH 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Public Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course will provide students with an overview of the population health approach to public health. Students will learn evidence-based public health tools to explain the impact of chronic and non-communicable diseases, communicable diseases, determinants of health, and the environment on the health of populations. Students will examine public health issues and determine how to effectively assess options for interventions to promote health and improve health outcomes. This course includes a review of public health policy, health care systems, and the roles of health professionals. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PUBH 101",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002172",
    "code": "PUBH 102",
    "title": "Introduction to Epidemiology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>The course covers applications of epidemiologic methods and procedures to the study of the distribution and determinants of health and diseases, morbidity, injuries, disability, and mortality in populations. Students will be introduced to epidemiologic methods for the control of conditions such as infectious and chronic diseases, mental disorders, community and environmental health hazards, and unintentional injuries. Other topics include quantitative aspects of epidemiology, for example, data sources, measures of morbidity and mortality, evaluation of association and causality, and study design. Prereq. - MATH150 and PUBH101. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MATH150",
      "PUBH101"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PUBH 102",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002173",
    "code": "PUBH 103",
    "title": "Social & Cultural Perspectives of Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed to develop basic literacy regarding social and cultural ideals that influence health status and public health interventions. Students will be introduced to an ecological, multilevel theory of health, to illustrate how health is molded by various health determinants, including biology, individual behavior, social relationships, social stratification, institutions, communities, culture, the physical environment, policies, and globalization. Students will examine the causes and mechanisms in which health disparities occur and which populations are most at risk, leading to a greater understanding of the role of cultural competence in Public Health. Prereq. - MATH150 and PUBH101. Core: D (for Public Health program only). Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "MATH150",
      "PUBH101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PUBH 103",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002174",
    "code": "PUBH 201",
    "title": "Intro to Global Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>The course will introduce students to the critical links between global health and social and economic development. Students will have a basic overview of the determinants of health and how health status is measured. Students will review the burden of disease, risk factors, and key measures to address the burden of disease in cost-effective ways. Communicable and non-communicable diseases, as well as environmental, behavioral, and cultural influences, will be discussed. Global partnerships and advances in science to improve outcomes will also be addressed. Prereq.- PUBH102 and 103. Core: D (for Public Health program only). Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PUBH102",
      "PUBH103"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PUBH 201",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002175",
    "code": "PUBH 202",
    "title": "Public Health Across Life Span",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed to provide evidence based research of trends and developments in health throughout the life span, dealing with the prenatal period through senescence. The course will examine the health profiles of infants and small children (birth - 14 years), adolescents and young adults (15-24 years), adults (25-64 years), and older adults (65 years and older). This course will be conducted in a seminar format to foster a collaborative learning environment. Prereq.- PUBH102 and 103. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PUBH102",
      "PUBH103"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PUBH 202",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002176",
    "code": "PUBH 203",
    "title": "Public Health Educ Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course will provide students with a practical approach to understanding and applying principles of health education communication to a range of public health issues. Students will employ these concepts and skills for analyzing and evaluating current public health education communication campaigns. Students will create health education communication campaign products in both written and oral format. This course will be conducted in a seminar format to foster a collaborative learning environment. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PUBH201",
      "PUBH202"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PUBH 203",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002177",
    "code": "PUBH 204",
    "title": "Community Health Practice",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed to study the theories and principles of public health promotion at the community level. Students will examine the assessment of population health and the planning, implementation and evaluation of health programs in community settings. Students develop and enhance their skills by designing and implementing a health promotion program in the college community. This course will be conducted in a seminar format to foster a collaborative learning environment. Prereq. - PUBH201 and 202.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PUBH201",
      "PUBH202"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PUBH 204",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002178",
    "code": "PUBH 205",
    "title": "Public Health Field Experience",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed for Public Health majors as a pre- professional field experience of 75 hours to broaden the student’s public health perspectives and provide experience in applying the theory and content learned in their public health coursework. It is expected that the field experience will afford students the opportunity to interact and collaborate with public health professionals and participate in actions that constitute public health. Integral to closing the loop on the learning process is the opportunity for students to reflect on the field experience. Students will meet weekly in a seminar format class focused on sharing, comparing, and contrasting the different infrastructures and approaches they are observing and experiencing at each field location.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PUBH201",
      "PUBH202"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PUBH 205",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002179",
    "code": "PUBH 206",
    "title": "Environmental Determinants of Public Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course explores the relationship of human health to the environment - how it affects the physical well-being of communities and what can be done to protect and enhance the public&#39;s health. The course focuses on a general survey of the environmental factors that are involved in the transmission of communicable diseases and on the health determinants associated with exposure to chemical and physical materials in our environment.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "PUBH101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PUBH 206",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002180",
    "code": "PUBL 101",
    "title": "Pathways to Publication for the Aspiring Author",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PUBL 101",
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    "id": "northampton-002181",
    "code": "PUBL 102",
    "title": "Self-Publishing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PUBL 102",
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    "id": "northampton-002182",
    "code": "PUBL 404",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/PUBL 404",
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    "id": "northampton-002183",
    "code": "QUAL 110",
    "title": "Metrology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Concepts of measurement systems; application and use of mechanical gages and instruments; inspection techniques and data collection; graphical inspection analysis; calibration methods; gage control techniques.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/QUAL 110",
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    "id": "northampton-002184",
    "code": "QUAL 205",
    "title": "Introduction to Six Sigma",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the fundamentals of Six Sigma improvement methodology, concepts, and language. Six Sigma is a measurement-based strategy that focuses on process improvement and variation reduction to improve quality and productivity. Students will be introduced to the Six Sigma DMAIC and DMADV methods used to improve existing processes falling below specification and develop new processes or products at Six Sigma quality levels. Note: This course does not grant Six Sigma certification. Prereq. - BUSA114 and QUAL120.</p>",
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      "QUAL120"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/QUAL 205",
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    "code": "QUAL 210",
    "title": "Statistical Quality Control",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Controlling the output variability of the process and producing quality products and services using applied sampling and statistical process control; data collection SPC application, chart construction interpretation, process capability, and taking corrective action; use of spreadsheet and SPC software in data collection and analysis; and statistical experiments. Prereq. - Evidence of score of 500 or higher on SAT mathematics exam or 11th grade PSSA mathematics score of 1300 or higher, or completion of MATH 026 or 028 with C or better or appropriate competence in MATH 150 as determined by the mathematics placement test, and industrial experience or ENGG 125 or ELEC 177. Offered fall semester only.",
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      "MATH028",
      "MATH150",
      "ENGG125",
      "ELEC177"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/QUAL 210",
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    "code": "QUAL 215",
    "title": "Quality Assurance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Planning and analysis of quality; customer requirements identification, design review and processes, quality analysis and feedback techniques such as experimental models, process yields analysis, testing, reliability, audit practices, customer/supplier relations, and application of ISO 9000 series of quality standards. Offered spring semester only.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/QUAL 215",
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    "id": "northampton-002187",
    "code": "QUAL 220",
    "title": "Total Quality Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course emphasizes the fundamentals of Total Quality Management (TQM) approach towards continuous improvement of an organization's quality and productivity. The course covers the TQM's five principles and four sequential phases, along with their implementation. Prereq. - BUSA114, BUSA252, and QUAL205.",
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      "BUSA114",
      "BUSA252",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/QUAL 220",
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    "id": "northampton-002188",
    "code": "QUAL 221",
    "title": "Applied Quality Practicum",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Actual work experience in manufacturing or service organization providing exposure to the application of Quality methodology to its process, product or service; emphasis on cultural issues, documentation and data collection/reporting, auditing, ethics, and problem solving. Pre- or coreq. - QUAL 210 and 215.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/QUAL 221",
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    "id": "northampton-002189",
    "code": "QUAL 221G",
    "title": "Applied Quality Practicum",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Actual work experience in manufacturing or service organization providing exposure to the application of Quality methodology to its process, product or service; emphasis on cultural issues, documentation and data collection/reporting, auditing, ethics, and problem solving. Writing intensive. Pre- or coreq. - QUAL 210 and 215. Core: WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "QUAL210",
      "QUAL215",
      "ENGL101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/QUAL 221G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002190",
    "code": "QUAL 225",
    "title": "Introduction to Lean Thinking",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course emphasizes the principles of the lean process for improvement and the benefits this process can bring to a business. It covers how the lean process creates customer value by reducing waste and improves productivity by identifying and fixing inefficient processes. Prereq. - BUSA114 and QUAL210.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BUSA114",
      "QUAL210"
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    "id": "northampton-002191",
    "code": "QUAL 231",
    "title": "Applied Quality Practicum/Sem II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Actual work experience in manufacturing or service organization providing exposure to the application of Quality methodology to its process, product or service; timely seminars in key topics related to new process technology, quality methodology, or productivity improvement; emphasis on audit procedures, ethics and problem solving. Pre- or coreq. û QUAL 215.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/QUAL 231",
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    "id": "northampton-002192",
    "code": "RADT 101",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Radiologic Technology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Basic radiation protection, chest and abdominal radiographic procedures, radiographic film processing, radiographic equipment utilization, introduction to exposure factors, and radiologic science. Restricted to Radiography students. Additional course fees: $15.00.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 101",
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    "id": "northampton-002193",
    "code": "RADT 102",
    "title": "Fund of Radiologic Sciences",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students in the course will learn about the structure of the health care system, attitudes and communications, human diversity, professionalism and ethical behavior, infection control, medical emergencies, and medical terminology. Restricted to Radiography students or those without an RT background planning to enter the Sonography program. Program director's signature required. Offered fall semester only.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 102",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002194",
    "code": "RADT 105",
    "title": "Clinical Procedures I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Orientation to the hospital and radiology department; history of radiology, roles and responsibilities of the radiographer, ethics, patient care and handling, nursing procedures, and medical terminology. Restricted to Radiography students.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 105",
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    "id": "northampton-002195",
    "code": "RADT 107",
    "title": "Clinical Practice I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>On-campus preparatory instruction for first, three-weeks in basic radiation protection, safety, body mechanics, nursing procedures, and an overview of medical ethics. Clinical rotations through the front desk, file room, transportation, general radiography, and fluoroscopy. This course consists of 224 hours of clinical experience. Restricted to Radiography students. </p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 107",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002196",
    "code": "RADT 108",
    "title": "Clinical Practice IB",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course is a continuation of the clinical education rotations in general radiography and fluoroscopy. The course consists of 112 hours of clinical experience. Restricted to Radiography students. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RADT102",
      "RADT107",
      "RADT111"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 108",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002197",
    "code": "RADT 111",
    "title": "Radiographic Procedures I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
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    "prerequisites": [
      "RADT107"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 111",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002198",
    "code": "RADT 112",
    "title": "Imaging and Equipment",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Principles of operation for the following: x-ray circuit, permanent installation, mobile units, automatic exposure control, x-ray tubes, image intensification fluoroscopy, conventional tomography, magnification radiography, and electronic imaging; application of quality standards and quality control principles. Fall 2007 will be the last semester this class is offered. Restricted to Radiography students.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 112",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002199",
    "code": "RADT 113",
    "title": "Imaging and Exposure",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "An introduction to radiographic imaging, exposure and an analysis of the factors that influence radiographic quality including photographic and geometric properties, image receptors and image processing. Restricted to Radiography students. Additional course fees: $15.00.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 113",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002200",
    "code": "RADT 114",
    "title": "Intro to Radiographic Imaging",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to radiographic imaging, exposure and an analysis of the factors that influence radiographic quality including photographic and geometric properties, image receptors and image processing. Restricted to Radiography students. Offered fall semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 114",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002201",
    "code": "RADT 115",
    "title": "Radiographic Technique & Physics",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Identification of and experimentation with the principles of image formation, radiographic exposure, and quality assurance/quality control; emphasis on radiographic machinery, calibration, and maintenance. Restricted to Radiography students. Prereq. - RADT 101. Additional course fees: $15.00. To be deleted effective 2004/05.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 115",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002202",
    "code": "RADT 117",
    "title": "Clinical Practice II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>This course is a continuation of the clinical education rotations in general radiography and fluoroscopy with an introduction to mobile radiography. The course consists of 224 hours of clinical experience. Restricted to Radiography students. Restricted to Radiography students. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RADT108"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 117",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002203",
    "code": "RADT 125",
    "title": "Sectional Anatomy for Medical Imagers",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Human anatomy in the transverse, longitudinal, and coronal planes with application to sonography and other imaging modalities in radiology. Restricted to Radiography and Sonography students. Runs with DMSG 125. Prereq. - BIOS 204; Pre- or coreq. - BIOS 254. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS204",
      "BIOS254"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 125",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002204",
    "code": "RADT 127",
    "title": "Clinical Education II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Continuation of clinical education rotations in general radiography and fluoroscopy with an introduction to mobile radiography. Restricted to Radiography students. Prereq. - RADT 107.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 127",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002205",
    "code": "RADT 137",
    "title": "Clinical Education III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Continued observation and application of the principles and procedures involved in general radiography and fluoroscopy; introduces mobile surgical radiography, IVP, and tomography procedures; includes a seminar on advanced procedures and related topics. Restricted to Radiography students. Prereq. - RADT 127. Offered summer only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 137",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002206",
    "code": "RADT 147",
    "title": "Clinical Practice III",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course continues the student clinical education experience and the application of the principles and procedures involved in general radiography and fluoroscopy; introduces mobile surgical radiography, IVP, and tomography procedures; includes a lecture seminar on advanced procedures and related topics. This course includes 336 hours of clinical experience. Restricted to Radiography students. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RADT117",
      "RADT125",
      "RADT210"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 147",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002207",
    "code": "RADT 201",
    "title": "Advanced Imaging",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>A study of techniques, procedures, and equipment pertaining to advanced imaging in Radiology. Procedures including Interventional Radiology, Cardiac Catheterization, Computed Tomography, MRI, Mammography, GI studies, GU studies, Arthrography, Myelography, Bone Densitometry, Nuclear Medicine, Sonography, and Reproductive System studies will be examined. Restricted to Radiography students. Prereq. - RADT208 with C- or better.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RADT208"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 201",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002208",
    "code": "RADT 205",
    "title": "Pathology for Radiographers",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "A study of the disease process affecting body organs and systems; stressing those areas most commonly encountered and demonstrated in diagnostic radiology. Restricted to Radiography students. Offered fall semester only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 205",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/radt-205",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002209",
    "code": "RADT 206",
    "title": "Radiation Production & Character",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Coverage of atomic structure, nature of radiation, x-ray production, interactions of photons with matter, technique formation and exposure calculations. Fall 2007 is the last semester this course will be offered. Restricted to Radiography students. Prereq. - RADT 112 and 113.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 206",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/radt-206",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002210",
    "code": "RADT 207",
    "title": "Clinical Practice IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Continuation of Clinical Practice III, with rotations in general radiography, fluoroscopy, mobile and surgical radiography, IVP and tomography. This course consists of 360 hours of clinical experience. Restricted to Radiography students. Offered fall semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RADT147"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 207",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/radt-207.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002211",
    "code": "RADT 208",
    "title": "Imaging Equipment and Radiation Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>The course covers the x-ray circuit, permanent installation and mobile x-ray and fluoroscopic/image intensification units, automatic exposure control, conventional tomography, magnification and electronic imaging along with the application of quality standard and quality control principles. The principles of x-ray production, interactions of photons with matter, technique formation, and exposure calculations will be applied through discussion. Restricted to Radiography students. Prereq.- RADT 114 with C- or better. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RADT114"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 208",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/radt-208",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002212",
    "code": "RADT 210",
    "title": "Level II Radiographic Procedure",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Systematic study, demonstration and practice of radiographic procedures involving the sacro-iliac joints, vertebral column, bony thorax, skull, portable radiography, trauma radiography and pediatric studies using phantom plus simulated radiography. Restricted to Radiography students. Prereq. - RADT 111 with C- or better. Additional course fees: $15.00. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RADT111"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 210",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002213",
    "code": "RADT 211",
    "title": "Radiographic Procedures II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Systematic study, demonstration and practice of advanced procedures, fluoroscopy and skull radiography utilizing phantom plus simulated radiography. Restricted to Radiography students. Prereq. - RADT 111. Additional course fees: $15.00. Final offering Fall 2003.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 211",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/radt-211.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002214",
    "code": "RADT 215",
    "title": "Clinical Procedures II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Procedures and equipment pertinent to pediatrics, trauma, mobile/surgical radiography; cross-sectional anatomy and computer applications in radiology. Restricted to Radiography students. Prereq. - RADT 137. To be deleted effective 2004/05.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 215",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/radt-215",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002215",
    "code": "RADT 217",
    "title": "Clinical Practice V",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is a continuation of the student clinical education rotations with emphasis on increasing professional competency and review of previously acquired radiographic concepts and skills. The course consists of 360 hours of clinical experience. Restricted to Radiography students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RADT207"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 217",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002216",
    "code": "RADT 227",
    "title": "Clinical Education V",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Continuation of student clinical education with emphasis on increasing professional competency and review of previously acquired radiographic concepts and skills. For those students who have completed all the course requirements before the last six weeks of the course, there is a voluntary six-week internship from one of the following: CT, MR, OR, interventional radiology, mammography, bone densitometry. Restricted to Radiography students. Prereq. - RADT 207. Offered spring semester only.",
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    "code": "RADT 504",
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    "code": "RADT 506",
    "title": "Radiographic Tech Phy",
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    "code": "RADT 507",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 507",
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    "code": "RADT 511",
    "title": "Radiographic Procedures I",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 511",
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    "code": "RADT 520",
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    "code": "RADT 557",
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    "id": "northampton-002253",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 581",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/radt-581.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002263",
    "code": "RADT 582",
    "title": "Clinical Procedures & Tech II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 582",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002264",
    "code": "RADT 585",
    "title": "Advanced Imaging",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RADT 585",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/radt-585.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002265",
    "code": "RESP 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Respiratory Care",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "<p><span>This course introduces respiratory care students to the fundamental concepts of respiratory care and introduces them to the professional role and practice setting. This includes patient assessment, cardiopulmonary pathophysiology, common treatment modalities, and infection control procedures and practices. Role-related interdisciplinary communication and professionalism will be introduced. This course includes didactic instruction, laboratory skill practice and clinical learning environment. This course includes </span><span>120 hours</span><span> of clinical </span><span>instruction</span><span>.</span><span> </span><span>Restricted to Respiratory Care Students. </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS204",
      "RESP102"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RESP 101",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002266",
    "code": "RESP 102",
    "title": "Respiratory Care Pharmacology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p><span>This course introduces respiratory care students to the study of pharmacological principles in the care and treatment of cardiopulmonary patients across the lifespan</span><span>. </span><span> </span><span>Students will learn the biochemical and physiological effects medications have on body systems and their therapeutic use in treating a variety of cardiopulmonary conditions. Indications, desired effects, side effects and patient education implications will also be covered in the course. Students will be introduced to drug dosage calculations and basic principles and methods of medication administration. Restricted to Respiratory Care Students.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS204",
      "RESP101"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RESP 102",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002267",
    "code": "RESP 103",
    "title": "Respiratory Care Therapeutic Modalities",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "<div><p><span><span>The focus of this course is to explore advanced concepts in diagnostic and therapeutic respiratory care modalities. This includes arterial blood gas puncture and analysis, bedside spirometry, non-invasive respiratory support, and airway management. This course builds on the core concepts from RESP 101. This course includes didactic instruction, laboratory skill practice and clinical learning environment</span><span>. </span><span>This course includes </span><span>240 hours</span><span> of clinical instruction. </span></span><span><span>Restricted to Respiratory Care Students.</span></span></p></div>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RESP-101",
      "RESP102"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RESP 103",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/resp-103.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002268",
    "code": "RESP 201",
    "title": "Cardiopulmonary Disease Processes",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p><span><span>In this course, the respiratory care student will learn advanced concepts related to pathophysiology of major respiratory diseases and their current treatment modalities to include ventilation, perfusion, gaseous diffusion, and a review of acid base disorders. Students will learn how to conduct a cardiopulmonary assessment and use assessment data to formulate an individualized respiratory plan of care for patients with cardiopulmonary conditions. Restricted to Respiratory Care Students.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RESP103",
      "RESP202"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RESP 201",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/resp-201.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002269",
    "code": "RESP 202",
    "title": "Mechanical Ventilation",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "<p><span><span>The mechanical ventilation course provides respiratory care students with a solid foundation for managing patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. The content is based on current evidence-based practice and will be presented in a progressive stepwise approach, where students are introduced to fundamental concepts initially with more advanced topics being gradually introduced as the semester progresses. Students will be practicing mechanical ventilation core competencies in the skills lab and applying these competencies in the clinical learning environment</span><span>. </span><span>This course includes didactic instruction, laboratory skill practice and clinical learning environment. This course includes </span><span>240 hours</span><span> of clinical instruction</span><span>.</span><span> </span><span> </span><span>Restricted to Respiratory Care Students.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RESP103",
      "RESP201"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RESP 202",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/resp-202.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002270",
    "code": "RESP 203",
    "title": "Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>T<span><span>his course is designed to provide the respiratory student with a foundational knowledge of neonatal and pediatric respiratory care. Students apply theory and safe clinical practice to simulated case studies in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of this patient population. Specific cardiopulmonary disease states, and treatment modalities will be emphasized. Restricted to Respiratory Care Students.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RESP202",
      "RESP204"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RESP 203",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/resp-203.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002271",
    "code": "RESP 204",
    "title": "Respiratory Care Critical Care",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course presents the respiratory care student with the physiological processes of the cardiovascular patient in a critical care environment. Students will apply a multisystem approach to respiratory care aimed at restoring normal integrated function of the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and renal systems. Students learn the various therapeutic, diagnostic, and monitoring processes used in the critical care setting to improve their clinical decision-making and critical thinking skills</span></span><strong><span>. </span></strong><span><span>This course includes </span><span>240 hours</span><span> of clinical </span><span>instruction. </span><span>Restricted to Respiratory Care Students.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RESP202",
      "RESP203"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RESP 204",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/resp-204.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002272",
    "code": "RESP 205",
    "title": "Respiratory Care Practicum",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This final respiratory care course will prepare students for successful completion of both the Therapist Multiple Choice and Clinical Simulation examination certifying them to practice as a respiratory therapist. </span><span>The course offers students insights and a comprehensive review of the curriculum as it relates to the national registry exams required at the completion of the program.</span><span> Students will complete their culminating clinical rotations during this course to refine their clinical skills and assimilate to respiratory care practitioners. This course includes </span><span>240 hours</span><span> of clinical instruction</span><span>. </span><span>Restricted to Respiratory Care Students.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "RESP204"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/RESP 205",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/resp-205.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002273",
    "code": "SBUS 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Small Business",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Steps and decisions needed in planning business operation; assessing financial and personal resources and goals; locating business resources, networks, and associations; assessing need for and working with business professionals; developing a business plan including financial projections; developing a marketing plan. Restricted to Small Business Management majors or with permission of the dean. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002274",
    "code": "SBUS 102",
    "title": "Accounting for Small Businses",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Steps of setting up accounting/ bookkeeping systems in small business establishments; basic debit and credit ledger, profit and loss statements, taxes, cost cutting and one-write bookkeeping. Restricted to Small Business Management majors or with permission of the dean. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 102",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-102.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002275",
    "code": "SBUS 103",
    "title": "Financial Management for Small Business",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Understanding and using financial statements, diagnosing company's financial condition, return on investment analysis, computing and using the break-even point in decision-making and determining cash flow. Restricted to Small Business Management majors or with permission of the dean. Prereq. - SBUS 102 or instructor's permission. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 103",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-103",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-103.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002276",
    "code": "SBUS 104",
    "title": "Fund of Small Business Mgmt",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 104",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-104.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002277",
    "code": "SBUS 105",
    "title": "Marketing Methods - Small Bsns",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Marketing and advertising principles as they apply to the small business; marketing elements, demographics, the marketing and advertising interface, direct mail, using various media, the ad budget, and developing a theme. Restricted to Small Business Management majors or with permission of the dean. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 105",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-105",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-105.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002278",
    "code": "SBUS 106",
    "title": "Human Resources Management",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Hiring and firing practices and relevant legal issues; employee interviews and evaluations; grievance procedures and the firing process; maintenance of personnel files; selection procedures; assessment and performance factors; motivation and job satisfaction. Restricted to Small Business Management majors or with permission of the dean. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 106",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-106",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-106.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002279",
    "code": "SBUS 107",
    "title": "Small Business Law",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Legal problems faced by small business owners; bad debts and credit collections, business and personal bankruptcy, commercial relationships, contracts and the UCC, finances including secure transactions, usury and dealing with accounts receivable and payable. Restricted to Small Business Management majors or with permission of the dean. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 107",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-107",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-107.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002280",
    "code": "SBUS 108",
    "title": "Microcomputers for Small Bsns",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "General aspects of data processing and small business applications including accounting, inventory control, payroll; selection of hardware and software. Restricted to Small Business Management majors or with permission of the dean. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 108",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-108",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-108.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002281",
    "code": "SBUS 109",
    "title": "Selling Skill for Small Business",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Principles, attitudes, art of sales, pitfalls, follow-ups, underselling versus overselling. Restricted to Small Business Management majors or with permission of the dean. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 109",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-109",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-109.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002282",
    "code": "SBUS 110",
    "title": "Business Planning for Small Busi",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Development of key elements of a small business plan including specific business analysis, market analysis, competitor analysis, organization and management, financial plans, and strategic action plan. Restricted to Small Business Management majors or with permission of the dean. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 110",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-110",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-110.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002283",
    "code": "SBUS 111",
    "title": "Taxes for Small Business",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Nature of income tax regulations including tax planning, taxable income, and annual changes in tax rules; determining taxes for single proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. Restricted to Small Business Management majors or with permission of the dean. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 111",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-111",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002284",
    "code": "SBUS 112",
    "title": "Internet for Small Business",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Using the Internet as a tool to enhance small business; introduction to World Wide Web, using newsgroups, using mailing lists, chat, e-mail, ISP, installing software, choosing and using Web browsers and plug-ins, searching for business information, networking with small business managers, creating a Web page and exploring hot sites. Restricted to Small Business Management majors or with permission of the dean. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 112",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-112",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-112.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002285",
    "code": "SBUS 114",
    "title": "Communications for Small Busines",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Importance of clear communication techniques to small business; customer service, basic elements of communication process, formal versus informal communication, methods of persuasion, barriers to communication, listening techniques, presentation techniques and business writing skills. Restricted to Small Business Management majors or with permission of the dean. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 114",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-114",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-114.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002286",
    "code": "SBUS 401",
    "title": "Your Own Small Business",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 401",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-401",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-401.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002287",
    "code": "SBUS 402",
    "title": "Acctg/Bookkeeping-Small Busns",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 402",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-402",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-402.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002288",
    "code": "SBUS 403",
    "title": "Financial Mgt-Small Business",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 403",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-403",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-403.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002289",
    "code": "SBUS 404",
    "title": "Fund of Small Business Mgmt",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 404",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-404",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-404.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002290",
    "code": "SBUS 405",
    "title": "Marketing Methods - Small Bsns",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 405",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-405",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-405.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002291",
    "code": "SBUS 406",
    "title": "Personnel Management",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 406",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-406",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-406.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002292",
    "code": "SBUS 407",
    "title": "Small Business Law",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 407",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-407",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-407.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002293",
    "code": "SBUS 408",
    "title": "Microcomputers for Small Bsns",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 408",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-408",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-408.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002294",
    "code": "SBUS 409",
    "title": "Selling Skills that Work",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SBUS 409",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-409",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sbus-409.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002295",
    "code": "SCWK 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Social Work",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to social work as a profession; knowledge, values, and skills necessary for beginning level professional practice; academic and practice requirements for becoming a social worker; various fields of social work practice and the unique attributes of each; linkages between social work and other human service occupations; human diversity, client empowerment and social justice as common themes. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SCWK 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/scwk-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/scwk-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002296",
    "code": "SCWK 280",
    "title": "Human Behavior and the Social Environment",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course examines human development throughout the life course. The social systems in which human development unfolds will be emphasized in the course as will the manner in which these can impair or foster health, happiness, and optimal adjustment across the lifespan. Development is looked at biologically, psychologically, sociologically and spiritually. Students will be introduced to the idea that aging and how we understand that process is socially influenced. The course will consider problems typical of various age groups and ways social workers can intervene. Social work&#39;s ecological perspective, which is concerned with the impact of the social environment, is emphasized.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "SCWK101",
      "SOCA103",
      "PSYC103",
      "BIOS-105"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SCWK 280",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/scwk-280",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/scwk-280.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002297",
    "code": "SMAT 101",
    "title": "Foundations of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an introduction to sports medicine and rehabilitation sciences. Students will be introduced to the roles of various disciplines within sports medicine and rehabilitation sciences as well as other allied health professions. The course examines the competencies and proficiencies, education requirements, certification requirements, continuing education requirements, and interpersonal skills important to uphold the standards of practice of the various health professions. <span><span>Restricted to Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences students</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SMAT 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/smat-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/smat-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002298",
    "code": "SMAT 202",
    "title": "Kinesiology: Applied Anatomy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course is an</span><span> introduction to the analysis of human movement based on anatomical and mechanical principles. Emphasis is placed on the anatomy and physiology of the muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems and their interaction in human movement and athletic performance. Restricted to Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences students.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS204"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SMAT 202",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/smat-202",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/smat-202.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002299",
    "code": "SMAT 230",
    "title": "Prevention and Management of Injury and Illness",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>This course </span><span>provides an introduction to</span><span> the prevention, evaluation, and treatments of athletic related injuries. Emphasis is placed on learning musculoskeletal anatomy and recognizing the common signs and symptoms of injuries, illnesses, and disorders commonly seen in the physically active population</span><span>. Restricted to Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation </span><span>Science</span><span>s</span><span> students.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "SMAT101",
      "BIOS204"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SMAT 230",
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    "id": "northampton-002300",
    "code": "SMAT 235",
    "title": "Basic Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences Techniques",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course focuses on the application of psychomotor competencies and clinical proficiencies essential to becoming a sports medicine or rehabilitation sciences professional. As an introductory course, content emphasizes developing skills in injury prevention, injury and illness assessment, and using appropriate terminology and medical documentation to record injury and illness. Restricted to Sports Medicine majors. Prereq.- SMAT 101 with C or better; Pre- or Coreq. - BIOS 204; Coreq.- SMAT 230. Offered spring semester only.</p>",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002301",
    "code": "SMAT 240G",
    "title": "Acute Care of Athl Injur & Ill",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course focuses on acute management skills of common injuries and illnesses that active individuals commonly incur. This comprehensive course prepares the student to evaluate and stabilize an athlete for a variety of traumatic situations. Students will acquire the skills necessary to respond to the following emergencies: catastrophic injury to the head and neck, cessation of breathing and circulation, shock, heat and cold illnesses, internal injuries, or other life threatening or serious injury. Course includes certification in first aid, CPR for the professional rescuer, and AED use. Restricted to Sports Medicine majors. Prereqs.- SMAT 230, ENGL101.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SMAT 240G",
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    "code": "SMAT 245G",
    "title": "Acute Care of Illnesses and Injury",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students will focus on acute management skills of common injuries and illnesses that active individuals commonly incur. This comprehensive course prepares students to evaluate and stabilize an athlete in a variety of emergency situations. Students will acquire the skills necessary to respond to the following emergencies: catastrophic injury to the head and neck, cessation of breathing and circulation, shock, concussion, general medical emergencies, heat and cold illnesses, internal injuries, and other life threatening or serious injury. Course includes certification on first aid, CPR for the professional rescuer and AED use. Restricted to Sport Medicine/Athletic Training students. <span><span>Restricted to Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences students. </span></span>Core: WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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      "ENGL101"
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    "code": "SMAT 260",
    "title": "Exercise Physiology and Exercise Prescription",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course will provide an introduction into concepts of exercise physiology. Students will develop an understanding of the acute physiological and chronic adaptations of the body to exercise. Neuromuscular, metabolic, cardiovascular, hormonal, and respiratory system will be examined. Emphasis will be placed on exercise testing and exercise prescription to prepare students to sit for nationally recognized personal training and health fitness instructor exams. <span><span>Restricted to Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences students.</span></span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
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    "id": "northampton-002304",
    "code": "SMAT 270",
    "title": "Biomechanics of Human Movement",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span><span>This course introduces students to basic mechanical principles of physical activity and exercise. The structure, composition, and behavior of basic skeletal and muscular tissue, mechanics of injury, adaptation to load and degenerative changes associated with aging are discussed within the scope of scholarly literature. Restricted to Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation Science</span><span>s</span><span> students.</span></span><span> </span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "SMAT-202",
      "BIOS-204"
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    "id": "northampton-002305",
    "code": "SMAT 280",
    "title": "Measurement and Evaluation of the Lower Extremity Injury",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an in depth examination of the evaluation of common injuries sustained by active individuals in the lower extremity. Students will gain practical knowledge and skills in the orthopedic evaluation of the foot, ankle, shin, knee, thigh and hip areas. All components of a complete and thorough evaluation will be covered including but not limited to: injury history, observation, range of motion, muscle testing, and special tests. Emphasis will be placed on the critical thinking and problem solving skills associated with the evaluation process. Students are also required to complete a 75 hour internship throughout the semester. Restricted to Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences students. Prereq. - SMAT230 with C or better.</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SMAT 280",
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    "id": "northampton-002306",
    "code": "SMAT 285",
    "title": "Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Sciences Clinical Experience",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course will enhance the clinical skills of students through hands on laboratory instruction and an observational field experience. Students will develop knowledge and skills associated with therapeutic modalities, therapeutic exercise, taping and bracing, wound management, injury/illness evaluation, and protective equipment. Emphasis will be placed on the development of psychomotor proficiencies required by Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Science professionals learned in previous coursework. Restricted to Sport Medicine Majors. Prereq. - SMAT230. Offered fall semester only.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SMAT 285",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002307",
    "code": "SOCA 100",
    "title": "Introduction to Anthropology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 100",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002308",
    "code": "SOCA 101",
    "title": "Sociology of the Comm",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 101",
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    "id": "northampton-002309",
    "code": "SOCA 102",
    "title": "Cultural Anthropology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The analysis of human culture as it has evolved to the present, covering theories and methods, cultural universals and variations in such areas as marriage and family, politics, economics, kinship, religion and the arts, with an emphasis on non-Western and non-industrial societies. Also available through Online Learning. Core: CT, D, SIT.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 102",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002310",
    "code": "SOCA 102G",
    "title": "Cultural Anthropology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>The analysis of human culture as it has evolved to the present, covering theories and methods, cultural universals and variations in such areas as marriage and family, politics, economics, kinship, religion and the arts, with an emphasis on non-Western and non-industrial societies. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101. Also available through Online Learning. Core: CT, D, SIT, WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 102G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002311",
    "code": "SOCA 103",
    "title": "Principles of Sociology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to the concepts, methods, major theoretical perspectives and sub-fields of sociology. The goal of this course is to help students think critically about the world around them. Special attention will be given to the real-world application of sociological concepts. Prereq. - Reading and writing competence as determined for ENGL101. Also available through Online Learning. Approved for the Honors Program. Core: SSHB, CT, D.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 103",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002312",
    "code": "SOCA 103G",
    "title": "Principles of Sociology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course will introduce students to the concepts, methods, major theoretical perspectives and sub-fields of sociology. The goal of this course is to help students think critically about the world around them. Special attention will be given to the real-world application of sociological concepts. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101. Also available through Online Learning. Core: SSHB, CT, D, IL, WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "ENGL101"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 103G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002313",
    "code": "SOCA 105",
    "title": "American Ethnicity",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An exploration of the United States' ethnic diversity from a sociological perspective; history, present, and future of the social construction of race and ethnicity in the US; the impact of institutionalized power on the status of a variety of ethnic groups; contributions made by various ethnicities to the US. Prereq. - SOCA 103. Also available through Online Learning. Core: SIT, D.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "SOCA103"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 105",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002314",
    "code": "SOCA 106",
    "title": "Intro to Anthropology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 106",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002315",
    "code": "SOCA 110",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 110",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002316",
    "code": "SOCA 125",
    "title": "Sociology of Families",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a sociological analysis of the family as a social institution including historical development, contemporary patterns in the United States, and possible future trends. Topics include the definition of family; families and work; love and sex; child-rearing, family violence; divorce and re-marriage; and variations in marriage and family patterns as related to culture, class, race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation. Prereq. - SOCA 103. Also available through Online Learning. Core: SSHB, D.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "SOCA103"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 125",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002317",
    "code": "SOCA 125G",
    "title": "Sociology of Families",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is a sociological analysis of the family as a social institution including historical development, contemporary patterns in the United States, and possible future trends. Topics include the definition of family; families and work; love and sex; child-rearing, family violence; divorce and re-marriage; and variations in marriage and family patterns as related to culture, class, race, ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL101 and SOCA103. Core: SSHB, IL, WI, D.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "SOCA103",
      "ENGL101"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 125G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002318",
    "code": "SOCA 150",
    "title": "Deviance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A study of the varieties of deviant behavior and theoretical perspectives in Western culture, particularly American society. The history and development of these sociological phenomenon are examined in detail. Prereq. - SOCA103. Also available through Online Learning. CORE: CT, D.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "SOCA103"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 150",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002319",
    "code": "SOCA 160",
    "title": "Issues in Contemporary Genocide and Mass Violence",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores the social origins and consequences of genocide in the 20th and 21st centuries. Students will study the theories and definitions of genocide as these are anchored in particular case studies (e.g. Rwanda, Bosnia, Darfur). The course culminates with an examination of ways to stop and prevent genocide as well as various ways to restore justice to victims. Core: SIT, D. Approved for the Honors Program.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 160",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002320",
    "code": "SOCA 183",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 183",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002321",
    "code": "SOCA 193",
    "title": "Special Studies in Sociol/Anthro",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 193",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002322",
    "code": "SOCA 201",
    "title": "Introduction to Sociology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 201",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002323",
    "code": "SOCA 202",
    "title": "Honors Sociology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 202",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002324",
    "code": "SOCA 203",
    "title": "American Institutions",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 203",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002325",
    "code": "SOCA 204",
    "title": "Social Problems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p><span>Current social problems in the United States examined from the major theoretical perspectives in sociology; substance abuse, crime and violence, family problems, ageism, sexism, racism, problems relating to work, education, urbanization, technology, health care, population and the environment. Prereq. – SOCA 103. CORE: D.</span></p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "SOCA103"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 204",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002326",
    "code": "SOCA 210",
    "title": "Sociology of Gender",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an exploration of the ways in which gender influences social life, institutions, and interactions. Students will also explore the continuing prevalence of gender, socialization, gender inequality, diverse gender experiences, and the influence of gender in major social institutions. Prereq. - SOCA 103. Core, SSHB.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "SOCA103"
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 210",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002327",
    "code": "SOCA 268",
    "title": "Independent Study in Ecuador",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The purpose of the independent study is to have a directed experience rooted in sociology, reflect in a scholarly way on the experience, and apply that experience to one's ongoing life, particularly civic action/understanding. The student and professor will design the course based on the students learning interests. This will include study abroad and/or service learning experiences. Prereq.- SOCA 103. Core: SSHB.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 268",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-268",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-268.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002328",
    "code": "SOCA 301",
    "title": "American Institutions",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 301",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002329",
    "code": "SOCA 401",
    "title": "Intro to Social Welfare",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 401",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002330",
    "code": "SOCA 402",
    "title": "Social Welfare Serv Sem",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 402",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-402.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002331",
    "code": "SOCA 405",
    "title": "Sociology of Modern Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 405",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-405.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002332",
    "code": "SOCA 407",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 407",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-407.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002333",
    "code": "SOCA 501",
    "title": "Human Growth & Development",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 501",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-501",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-501.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002334",
    "code": "SOCA 502",
    "title": "Psychology of Minority Grp",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 502",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-502.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002335",
    "code": "SOCA 506",
    "title": "********************************",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 506",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-506",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-506.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002336",
    "code": "SOCA 551",
    "title": "Interventive Means",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 551",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-551",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-551.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002337",
    "code": "SOCA 552",
    "title": "Interviewing Techniques",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 552",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-552.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002338",
    "code": "SOCA 901",
    "title": "Community Development",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SOCA 901",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-901",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/soca-901.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002339",
    "code": "SPEC 160",
    "title": "Introduction to Special Education",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an overview of special education and disability perspectives from birth through 21. It addresses philosophical, historical, foundational, legal, and evidence-based aspects concerning the education of students with disabilities and their families. Using the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (“IDEIA”) and related federal and state laws as its framework, the course presents students with an overview of various disabilities, the special education process, equitable practices, and multiple evidence based educational approaches and strategies. Field experience observation hours outside of class are required. Students must submit current clearance paperwork to meet Pennsylvania Department of Education requirements. Formerly SPED160</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPEC 160",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002340",
    "code": "SPEC 210G",
    "title": "Behavior Support",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course addresses positive behavior support practices used in diverse educational environments. It considers the purpose of behavior, positive approaches for preventing and replacing behaviors, and addresses special education related requirements and processes relating to discipline. The course addresses multi-tiered systems of support and evidenced-based behavioral interventions. SPEC210G is a designated Writing Intensive course for students in the special education degree major. Formerly SPED 175. Prereq.-SPEC 160 with C or better, ENGL 101.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "SPEC160",
      "ENGL101"
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPEC 210G",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002341",
    "code": "SPEC 220",
    "title": "Assessment in Special Education",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides opportunities to develop competencies necessary to participate in the special education assessment process. It addresses the role of assessment and assessment data in planning, implementing, and evaluating instruction in a standards aligned system through the lens of equity. Additionally, it provides an opportunity for creating and using a variety of assessment tools and how to use assessment data. All students must submit current clearance paperwork to meet Pennsylvania Department of Education requirements. Prereq.-SPEC 160 with C or better.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPEC 220",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/spec-220.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002342",
    "code": "SPEC 240",
    "title": "Instructional Strategies for Inclusive Environments",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course considers multiple and varied instructional strategies and processes for responding to the diversity of learners in educational environments. It emphasizes the role of universal design for learning (UDL) and equitable practices for educating and including all children. Field Experiences outside of class Required. Students must submit current paperwork to meet Pennsylvania Department of Education requirements. Formerly SPED170. Prereq.-SPEC 160 with C or better.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPEC 240",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002343",
    "code": "SPED 160",
    "title": "Intro to Special Education",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an overview of special education and disability perspectives. It addresses philosophical, historical, foundational, legal and research based aspects concerning the education of students with disabilities and their families. Using the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) and related federal and state laws as its framework, the course presents students with an overview of various disabilities, the special education process, and multiple educational approaches. Students are required to complete 10 (ten) hours of observing children in educational settings. Course may apply to PA&#39;s Credential of Competency for Special Education Paraeducators. Child Abuse Registry, Criminal Background Check, and FBI clearances are required. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPED 160",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-160",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-160.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002344",
    "code": "SPED 161",
    "title": "Accom Chldrn w/Except in Class.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Techniques of restructuring, adapting, and modifying education environments to accommodate individual needs of children, including the physical, behavioral, academic, communication, and social environments. Pre- or coreq.- SPED 160. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPED 161",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-161",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-161.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002345",
    "code": "SPED 161G",
    "title": "Accom Chldrn w/Except in Class.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Techniques of restructuring, adapting, and modifying education environments to accommodate individual needs of children, including the physical, behavioral, academic, communication, and social environments. Writing intensive. Prereq. - ENGL 101 and pre- or coreq. - SPED 160. Also available through Online Learning. Core: WI.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPED 161G",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-161g.md"
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002346",
    "code": "SPED 162",
    "title": "Foundations of Special Education",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Definition, etiology, and characteristics of a variety of disabilities; diagnostic material and techniques for identifying and assessing students with disabilities; complexities of disabilities in relationship to family systems and implications for educational services. Pre- or coreq.- SPED 160. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPED 162",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-162",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-162.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002347",
    "code": "SPED 163",
    "title": "Instr Strat Chldrn w/Except.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Process of developing, implementing and monitoring individualized instructional strategies; implementation of Individualized Education Programs (IEP) through goals and objectives; special emphasis on working with children who are culturally and linguistically diverse. Pre- or coreq.- SPED 160. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPED 163",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-163",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-163.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002348",
    "code": "SPED 164",
    "title": "Intro to Spec Educ Paraeducator",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides the competences that support a qualified paraeducator. Using national and state standards as its framework, the course presents students with the varying roles and responsibilities of a paraeducator across multiple and diverse cultural and learning environments. Students are required to complete 30 (thirty) hours of field experience in an educational environment. Child Abuse Registry, Criminal Background Check, and the FBI clearances are required. Course may be applied to the PA&#39;s Credential of Competency for Special Education Paraeducators. This course is also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPED 164",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-164",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-164.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002349",
    "code": "SPED 166",
    "title": "Assistive Tech Chldrn w/Except.",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Role of assistive technology as a related service in supporting children with exceptionalities in educational environments; legal requirements and funding issues; identification of national, state, and local resources and the opportunity for hands-on experiences with a wide array of technological devices. Pre- or coreq.- SPED 160. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPED 166",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-166",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-166.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002350",
    "code": "SPED 170",
    "title": "Instr Strategies-Inclusive Envrn",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course addresses multiple and varied strategies and processes for educating all children. It addresses the diversity among learners regarding language, culture, and the educational environment in meeting individual needs. Child Abuse Registry, Criminal Background Check, FBI clearances required. Course may be applied to Pennsylvania&#39;s Credential of Competency for Special Education Paraeducators. Also available through Online Learning. Prereq:- SPED 160.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPED 170",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-170",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-170.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002351",
    "code": "SPED 175",
    "title": "Behavior Support",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course provides an overview of positive behavior support practices used in educational environments. It considers the purpose of behavior and the positive approaches for preventing and responding to behavioral challenges in the classroom. Prereq:- SPED 160. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPED 175",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-175",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-175.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002352",
    "code": "SPED 205G",
    "title": "Special Educ Para Internship",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Students in this course are placed in an educational setting to do an intensive internship under the supervision of a certified teacher. This capstone experience allows students to synthesize and apply the knowledge, skills, and competencies gained in all prior coursework. Students are required to complete 150 (one hundred and fifty) hours, (10 hours per week), in an educational setting with children with disabilities. Child Abuse Registry, Criminal Background Check, and FBI clearances are required. Prereq:- SPED 160, 164, 170, 175 and ENGL101. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPED 205G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-205g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-205g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002353",
    "code": "SPED 210",
    "title": "Internship",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Field placement for 195 hours in an actual classroom under the supervision of a professional teacher; exposure to both inclusive and specialized settings. Prereq. - SPED 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, and 166. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPED 210",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-210",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sped-210.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002354",
    "code": "SPRT 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Sport Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Effective sport management strategies and the wide variety of sport-related careers; definitions and directions of sport management, careers and options in sport management, and sport sociology, psychology, philosophy, and the modern history of both sport and management. Also available through Online Learning.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPRT 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002355",
    "code": "SPRT 120",
    "title": "Sport Marketing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course explores the marketing process relative to sport management in collegiate, recreational, commercial, and professional environments. Included in this course are market research techniques, pricing, promotional developments and strategies, identifying target markets, and advertising.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPRT 120",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-120",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-120.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002356",
    "code": "SPRT 125",
    "title": "Sport Sales and Revenue Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course will focus on providing an overview of sales management in the sport industry by examining real world techniques, strategies, and issues that play out in sport organizations around the world. Students will learn how to meet the needs of consumers and understand how the foundation of success for any sports team/entertainment facility is sales and revenue generation. Areas to be addressed are ticketing and promotion management, the impact of social and digital media, sponsorships, corporate and non-profit partnerships, ethics, and sales as a pathway into a career in sport management. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPRT 125",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-125",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-125.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002357",
    "code": "SPRT 151G",
    "title": "History & Philosophy of Sports",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPRT 151G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-151g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-151g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002358",
    "code": "SPRT 152G",
    "title": "Sports In Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Social processes that explain the pervasiveness and appeal of sport primarily in American culture; effects of sport on behavior and lifestyles of active and passive participants; investigation of historical developments and assessment of interrelationships among sport, culture, and major social institutions such as family, business, education, politics and religion. Core: WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPRT 152G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-152g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-152g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002359",
    "code": "SPRT 162",
    "title": "Facility Mgmt & Event Planning",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An overview of facility management and event planning in the sport environment; an introduction to management theory and practice in relation to sport venues and the organization and planning of a sport industry-related event. Facility development, facility systems and operations, facility administration and event and activity management will be the focus. Also available through Online Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPRT 162",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-162",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-162.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002360",
    "code": "SPRT 171",
    "title": "Sport Science and Wellness",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": null,
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPRT 171",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-171",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-171.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002361",
    "code": "SPRT 172",
    "title": "Sport Marketing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An overview of the various techniques and strategies of marketing in the sport environment; promotion, public relations, sales, advertising, operations, and pricing as applied to various sport settings. Also available through Distance Learning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPRT 172",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-172",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-172.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002362",
    "code": "SPRT 250",
    "title": "Sport Management Practicum",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is a supervised learning experience with an approved sport management service agency, organization or institution. The practicum allows the student to develop and mature through exposure to, and practical experience with, a variety of tasks under guidance of trained, established leaders in the field with a minimum of 225 contact hours. In addition, a variety of practicum sites will afford the students the opportunity to observe and experience firsthand many different aspects of their chosen field and may influence a career choice or career enhancement for the student. This course may be taken four times for credit. </p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "SPRT101",
      "SPRT120",
      "SPRT125",
      "SPRT162"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/SPRT 250",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-250",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/sprt-250.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002363",
    "code": "THEA 110",
    "title": "Introduction to the Theatre",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Communicative nature of the theatre, historical perspective, modern trends, basic theories of playwriting, acting, directing, theatre spaces, and theatrical designs; reading plays, production preparation, attending NCC Theatre productions, and a field trip to see a professional production. Core: AH. Formerly CMTH 110.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/THEA 110",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-110",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-110.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002364",
    "code": "THEA 111",
    "title": "Acting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Exploring the acting process, emphasis is on basic acting lessons, development of acting potential and discipline, gaining strength as a truthful actor on one&#39;s own and in rehearsal. Core AH. Formerly CMTH 111.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/THEA 111",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-111",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002365",
    "code": "THEA 115",
    "title": "Technical Theatre and Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This class is an introduction to the principles of design and technology for the stage and provides foundation for further study of the individual aspects of theatrical design. It includes theatre production, research methods for stage design, and technical skills. Topics stressed include principles and elements of design, collaborative problem solving processes, the importance of research and organization, visual and oral presentations and critical evaluations of productions. Core: AH. Formerly CMTH 115</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/THEA 115",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-115",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-115.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002366",
    "code": "THEA 117",
    "title": "Stagecraft",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This class teaches the non-performance side of theatre with an emphasis on theatrical scenic construction, stage electrics and production skills. It includes preparation for, and execution of, major college productions and college events as well as working with the production staff. Restricted to Theatre and Media Production (formerly Radio/TV) Majors. Core: AH. Formerly CMTH 117.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/THEA 117",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-117",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-117.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002367",
    "code": "THEA 189",
    "title": "Stage, Voice and Movement",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Study and practice in natural voice work, movement as destination, and physical commitment to character intentions. May be taken two times for credit. Prereq. - THEA 111. Core: AH. Formerly CMTH 189.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "THEA111"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/THEA 189",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-189",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-189.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002368",
    "code": "THEA 190",
    "title": "Stage Production",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>Study and practice in stage production work relating to design, construction, implementation and organization in the area of scenery, lighting, sound, properties, costumes and stage management. Course may be taken two times for credit. Pre- or coreq.- THEA 115. Core: AH. Formerly THEA 190.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "THEA115"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/THEA 190",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-190",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-190.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002369",
    "code": "THEA 206",
    "title": "Directing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the history and practice of directing - concepts, theories and application. Students will learn key ideas, practice elements such as blocking, stage pictures, and director&#39;s concepts and, by the end of the semester, fully direct and produce a 10 minute play on stage. Prereq. - THEA110 or THEA111. Core: AH. Formerly CMTH 206.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/THEA 206",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-206",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-206.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002370",
    "code": "THEA 211G",
    "title": "Plays: Classical to Contemporary",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course introduces students to the analysis of plays as literary text that shapes both performance and an understanding of culture and the human experience. Plays from Classical Greece to contemporary Theatre of Diversity will be covered along with the comments of playwrights, directors, actors and critics. Students will analyze drama from psychological, historical, philosophical, structural and dramatic perspectives. Students may not receive credit for both THEA 211G and ENGL 211G. Formerly CMTH 211G.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/THEA 211G",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-211g",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-211g.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002371",
    "code": "THEA 212",
    "title": "Acting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Continuing to explore the acting process through scene study, audition preparation, comedy adaptations, psychological gesture work, and animal improvisations. Core: AH. Formerly CMTH 212.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/THEA 212",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-212",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-212.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002372",
    "code": "THEA 218",
    "title": "Theatre Portfolio",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course is tailored for theatre majors. Students will prepare transfer and internship applications, showcase and audition packages, and create a resume and professional headshot. They will perform a showcase piece as a required part of the course. Core: AH. Formerly CMTH 218.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/THEA 218",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-218",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/thea-218.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002373",
    "code": "VETC 101",
    "title": "Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Introduction to biochemistry, cell biology and histology, survey of the structure and function of domestic animals using a systems approach; physiology of domestic animals will be handled primarily in the lecture, while the anatomy will be discussed in the laboratory with the dissection of the cat as the primary tool. Prereq. - grade of B or better in high school biology within 5 years or BIOS 107.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "BIOS107"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/vetc-101",
    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/vetc-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002374",
    "code": "VETC 105",
    "title": "Veterinary Terminology and Communications",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "<p>This course will provide students with a basic foundation in the language of veterinary medical terminology used in veterinary medicine. Focus will be placed on the major components (prefixes, suffixes, root words, and combining forms) of medical terms and common abbreviations used in medical records. Students will learn the definitions of veterinary medical terminology, be able to interpret the meaning, build a working vocabulary of veterinary terms, and effectively and professionally communicate these terms to the client in multiple formats: written, oral, non-verbal and electronic. Restricted to Veterinary Technician students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 105",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002375",
    "code": "VETC 110",
    "title": "Introduction to Veterinarian Technology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>An introduction to the vocation of veterinary technology; orientation to professional organizations, practice management skills, client relations, ethics, legal and occupational issues. The role of the veterinary technician/ veterinary nurse in veterinary medicine, research, industry and private practice will be explored. Students preparing for entry into a new career should learn about their selected profession in a global, holistic fashion. This course is designed to provide the student with a broad overview of the vocation of veterinary technology/ veterinary nursing. The student will be able to build a sense of professionalism and have the opportunity to become involved in relevant professional activities and organizations that may serve to shape their future. In addition, this course will explore some of the current issues facing veterinary technicians involving ethics, occupational issues and hazards, and general veterinary practice management topics. Students should begin to explore their employment options during this course. Restricted to Veterinary Technician students.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "VETC105"
    ],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 110",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002376",
    "code": "VETC 115",
    "title": "Animal Management & Nutrition",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Management of domestic species; animal husbandry, reproduction, restraint, behavior, breed identification and preventative medicine; nutrition and feeding; animal management and feeding in an economic context. Prereq. - admission into Veterinary Technician program.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 115",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/vetc-115.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002377",
    "code": "VETC 120",
    "title": "Veterinary Parasitology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "<p>Clinically significant internal and external parasites of domestic animals; mites, lice, ticks, fleas, flies, nematodes, cestodes, trematodes and protozoans; parasite life cycles, host infection and pathology; prevention and treatment of parasitic infections; diagnosis via sample collection, preparation and microscopic evaluation during the lab section. Prereq. - admission into Veterinary Technician program. Additional course fees: $15.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 120",
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    "markdown_url": "/northampton/courses/vetc-120.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002378",
    "code": "VETC 125",
    "title": "Veterinary Clinical Lab Techniques",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Laboratory evaluation of various diagnostic samples including blood, urine and cytologic specimens; hematology, serum chemistry, serology, urine analysis and cytology as applied to veterinary medicine; laboratory work focusing upon lab technique and manual processing of samples; lecture focusing upon the indication for and interpretation of clinical pathology indices associated with disease states and immunologic function. Prereq. - admission into Veterinary Technician program and CHEM 135. Additional course fees: $15.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CHEM135"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 125",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002379",
    "code": "VETC 210",
    "title": "Large Animal Clinical Procedures",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Eight-week laboratory course conducted at the Vet Tech barn/animal facility, designed to provide students with hands-on experience in large animal clinical procedures; restraint, physical examination, venipuncture, administration of medications via various routes, wound treatment, bandaging, sample collection, radiology and general husbandry procedures; species include cow, horse, sheep and goat. Attendance is mandatory. Prereq. - all the following: 1) admission into Veterinary Technician program, 2) proof of vaccination: rabies and tetanus, 3) proof of health insurance, 4) VETC 101, 110 and 115, all with C or better. Additional course fees: $85.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "VETC101",
      "VETC110",
      "VETC115"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 210",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002380",
    "code": "VETC 215",
    "title": "Animal Disease",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Provides students with a broad-based understanding of animal medicine and disease; pathogens, host pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention for large and small animal species; provides the necessary context in which to understand the &#34;why&#34; of doing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Principles of disease in large and small animal species; clinical symptomology, diagnosis, therapy, epidemiology, prevention of common diseases; toxicology, zoonotic diseases and medical emergencies; course organized around body systems and associated pathologic conditions. Prereq.- all of the following: 1) admission into Veterinary Technician program, 2) VETC 101, 110 and 125, all with C or better, 3) ENGL 151C.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 215",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002381",
    "code": "VETC 215G",
    "title": "Animal Disease",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Provides students with a broad-based understanding of animal medicine and disease; pathogens, host pathology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention for large and small animal species; provides the necessary context in which to understand the &#34;why&#34; of doing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Principles of disease in large and small animal species; clinical symptomology, diagnosis, therapy, epidemiology, prevention of common diseases; toxicology, zoonotic diseases and medical emergencies; course organized around body systems and associated pathologic conditions. Writing intensive. Prereq.- all of the following: 1) admission into Veterinary Technician program, 2) VETC 101, 110 and 125, all with C or better, 3) ENGL 151. Core: WI.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "VETC101",
      "VETC110",
      "VETC125",
      "ENGL151"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 215G",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002382",
    "code": "VETC 218",
    "title": "Veterinarian Pharmacology and Anesthesia",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Veterinary technicians will spend a significant portion of their time in both the veterinary pharmacy dispensing medication and in surgery serving as assistants and anesthetists. Students receive the theory of basic pharmacology and anesthesiology in this course and receive hands-on experience in a subsequent course. Theory and application of pharmacology and anesthesiology; pharmacologic principles including: drug administration, distribution, excretion and individual variability; drug side-effects, dosing and general pharmacologic calculations; pre-anesthesia patient assessment, pre-anesthetic drugs, induction, maintenance and post-operative patient monitoring; students work with various types of anesthetic equipment, operate anesthesia machines, EKG unit and a pulse oximeter. Prereq. - all the following: 1) admission into Veterinary Technician program, 2) CHEM 135, 3) VETC 101, 110, and 125, all with C or better.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "CHEM135",
      "VETC101",
      "VETC110",
      "VETC125"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 218",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002383",
    "code": "VETC 220",
    "title": "Small Animal Clinical Procedures",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Provides students with hands-on experience conducting diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with small animals; students entering the job market must be able to easily make the transition from academic institution to the workplace; essentials in animal restraint and basic procedures; some basic specialty examinations. Laboratory course geared toward a variety of clinically relevant diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with small animal species; restraint, physical examination procedures, venipuncture, administration of medications, sample collection and general first aid and emergency care; students develop their technical skills in a veterinary setting. Attendance is mandatory. Prereq. - all the following: 1) admission into Veterinary Technician program, 2) proof of vaccination: rabies and tetanus, 3) proof of health insurance, 4) VETC 101, 110 and 125, all with C or better.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "VETC101",
      "VETC110",
      "VETC115"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 220",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002384",
    "code": "VETC 223",
    "title": "Veterinary Radiology",
    "credits": 1.5,
    "hours": 1.5,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed to develop technical competence in diagnostic radiology. The principles learned in previous courses will be applied in a veterinary setting using live animal patients. There will be an overview of the basic principles of radiology: theory of x-ray production, use and maintenance of radiographic/imaging equipment including digital dental radiography, radiation control and safety, restraint and positioning of small animals, and the development of diagnostic radiographs. In addition, students will be troubleshooting/evaluating radiographic quality. Record keeping and safety issues will be discussed. Restricted to Veterinary Technician students; show proof of vaccination: rabies and tetanus and proof of health insurance.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "VETC218",
      "VETC-220",
      "VETC225"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 223",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002385",
    "code": "VETC 225",
    "title": "Veterinary Surgical Nursing and Anesthesia",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course is designed for students to develop technical competence in surgical procedures, surgical assisting, anesthesia, and radiology. The principles learned in previous courses will be applied in a veterinary setting using live animal patients. Record keeping and safety issues will be discussed. The general principles of surgical assisting including aseptic technique, operating room protocol, surgical instrumentation, surgical preparation, and sterile techniques will be discussed and practiced. Pre, intra- and post-operative anesthetic nursing and pain assessment and management will be learned; students will perform anesthesia on small animals and will perform prophylactic dental procedures. This course will also include the use of digital dental radiography, development of diagnostic radiographs, patient positioning, and evaluation of radiographic quality. Restricted to Veterinary Technician students; show proof of vaccination: rabies and tetanus and proof of health insurance.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "VETC218",
      "VETC220",
      "VETC223"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 225",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002386",
    "code": "VETC 228",
    "title": "Lab Animal Science and Exotics",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "<p>Due to the variety of job placement options, students must be prepared to work with laboratory animal and exotic species. Course provides foundation in lab animal medicine and disease; use and care of laboratory and research animals; laboratory animal biology, science and management; anatomy and physiology, nutrition, breeding, husbandry, sanitation, behavior, handling, nursing, euthanasia and necropsy; animal welfare regulations and ethics issues. Lecture, discussion, and laboratory sessions to provide hands-on experience with venipuncture, injections, gavage and necropsy; species include rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits and reptiles; exotic animal portion includes restraint, examination, medicine and disease and husbandry; species of exotics will vary with availability. Attendance is mandatory. Prereq. - all the following: 1) admission into Veterinary Technician program, 2) proof of health insurance, 3) proof of vaccination: rabies and tetanus, 4) VETC 101 and 115, both with C or better. Additional course fees: $15.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "VETC101",
      "VETC115"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 228",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002387",
    "code": "VETC 230",
    "title": "Veterinary Technician Externship",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>Ten-week practicum conducted off campus at two designated (veterinary) community sites. This capstone experience is aimed at providing students the opportunity to integrate the academic knowledge, critical thinking and technical skills developed during the program and directly apply and refine them in a work setting. It will also serve as an opportunity to explore career options. Students must extern for a total of 240 hours during the 10 week summer term. Students must perform 120 hours at each of two sites. Externs must provide proof of vaccination (rabies, tetanus) and current health insurance. Students are responsible for transportation and any required housing arrangements. The college will be responsible for monitoring radiation exposure of externs. This course is graded Pass/Fail. Prereq. - successful completion of all veterinary technology courses with a grade of C or better. Additional course fees: $70.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/VETC 230",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002388",
    "code": "WELD 100",
    "title": "Welding Processes I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Concepts and techniques in basic arc welding; hands-on experience in flat position shielded metal arc welding; safety practices; defect prevention approach. Formerly WELD 800.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 100",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002389",
    "code": "WELD 101",
    "title": "Welding Processes II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Technical information and experience in horizontal position shielded metal arc welding (SMAW); problem solving and defect analysis; proper use of oxy-fuel cutting apparatus; safety practices. Formerly WELD 101. Prereq. - WELD 100.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 101",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/weld-101",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002390",
    "code": "WELD 102",
    "title": "Welding Processes III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Technical information and experience in vertical position shielded metal arc welding (SMAW); problem solving and defect analysis; safety practices; code information pertinent to welder certification per ANSI/AWS D1.1 (Structural Welding-Steel). Formerly WELD 802. Prereq. - WELD 101.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 102",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/weld-102",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002391",
    "code": "WELD 103",
    "title": "Welding Processes IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Technical information and experience in overhead position shielded metal arc welding (SMAW); torch brazing; problem solving and defect analysis; safety practices. Formerly WELD 803. Prereq. - WELD 102.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 103",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/weld-103",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002392",
    "code": "WELD 105",
    "title": "Introduction to Welding Processes",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the technical concepts, various techniques, defect analysis, and safety practices in welding. Hands-on experience using shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) in all positions and cutting steel using oxy-fuel cutting apparatus. Technical concepts include code information pertinent to welder certification per ANSI/AWS D1.1 (Structural Welding-Steel).</p>",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 105",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002393",
    "code": "WELD 110",
    "title": "Introduction to Pipe Welding Processes",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>An introduction to the pipe welding process using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) in the 2G, 5G, &amp; 6G positions of grooved joints on pipe with and/or without the use of backup material on steel. The emphasis on defect prevention, weld analysis, techniques, problem solving, and code information pertinent to certification will be stressed throughout the course. Pre- or coreq.- WELD123. Additional course fees $150.00.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "WELD123"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 110",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002394",
    "code": "WELD 115",
    "title": "Weld Symbol Applications",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Reading and interpreting typical welding drawings including symbology for joints, fillets, groove, surface, flange, and other weld types; brazed joints; nondestructive testing symbols; related shop math review. Formerly WELD 815. Offered summer only.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 115",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/weld-115",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002395",
    "code": "WELD 120",
    "title": "Gas Tungsten Arc Weld Pr (GTAW)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Advanced technical information and experience in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and cutting processes using standard and programmable equipment; problem solving; defect analysis; troubleshooting equipment. Prereq. - WELD 103",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 120",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002396",
    "code": "WELD 121",
    "title": "Semi-auto Welding Processes",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Advanced technical information and experience in using most semiautomatic welding processes involving standard and programmable equipment; problem solving; defect analysis; troubleshooting equipment. Formerly WELD 821. Prereq. - WELD 103.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 121",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/weld-121",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002397",
    "code": "WELD 123",
    "title": "Advanced Plate Welding Processes",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "<p>Skill development in Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) using all position grooved joints on plate with and without the use of backup material on steel; emphasis on defect prevention, weld analysis techniques, problem solving, skill development and code information pertinent to certification. Formerly WELD 823. Prereq. - WELD 105.</p>",
    "prerequisites": [
      "WELD105"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 123",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002398",
    "code": "WELD 124",
    "title": "Advanced Pipe Welding Processes",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Skill development in Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) using 2G, 5G and 6G positions of grooved joints on pipe with and/or without the use of backup material on steel; emphasis on defect prevention, weld analysis, techniques, problem solving, and code informational pertinent to certification. Formerly WELD 824. Prereq. - WELD 123.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 124",
    "canonical_url": "/northampton/courses/weld-124",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002399",
    "code": "WELD 125",
    "title": "GTAW and Semiautomatic Welding Processes",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "This course covers the advanced technical information and experience in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW), Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) and cutting processes using standard and programmable equipment, along with Torch Brazing (TB), problem solving; defect analysis; trouble shooting equipment. Prereq. - WELD105. Additional course fees $150.00.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "WELD105"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 125",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002400",
    "code": "WELD 135",
    "title": "Welding Fabrication and Symbols",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course covers reading welding and structural drawings which includes interpreting weld symbols on welding details. Students will also develop fabrication skills including basic layout, measuring, and utilization of various welding processes. Pre- or coreq. - WELD105. Additional course fees $50.00.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "WELD105"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 135",
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  {
    "id": "northampton-002401",
    "code": "WELD 205",
    "title": "Advance Gas Tungsten & Semiautomatic Welding Processes",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course introduces the student to the advanced pipe welding processes on steel pipe and nonferrous materials, using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) for grooved pipe joints in the 2G, 5G, & 6G positions. The emphasis is on defect prevention, weld analysis, techniques, problem solving, and code information pertinent to certification. Prereq. - WELD110 and 125. Additional course fees $150.00.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "WELD110",
      "WELD125"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 205",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002402",
    "code": "WELD 224",
    "title": "Pipe Welding Processes II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to develop advanced pipe welding skills using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) in the 2G, 5G, & 6G positions of grooved joints on steel pipe. The emphasis is on defect prevention, weld analysis, advance techniques, problem solving, and code information pertinent to certification. Interpreting common piping drawings and prints and determining the required components for piping systems are covered. Prereq. - WELD110. Additional course fees: $150.00.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "WELD110"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 224",
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  },
  {
    "id": "northampton-002403",
    "code": "WELD 230",
    "title": "Welding & Structural BlueprintReading",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course introduces the process of interpreting and communicating information found on welding, and construction drawings. In addition, the course covers the design and fabrication of welded and bolted column and beam connections with consideration to the axial, shear, and torsional loads in structural elements. Prereq. - WELD123. Additional course fees $150.00.",
    "prerequisites": [
      "WELD123"
    ],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 230",
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    "code": "WELD 235",
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    "code": "WELD 245",
    "title": "Robotic Welding and Cutting Automation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the technical concepts, various techniques, and safety practices in the use and operation of plasma arc cutting equipment, both hand and CNC. The fundamentals of CNC (Computer Numerical Control) programming language structure and operation, editing procedures, and program commands and functions are covered as well as other cutting technology. This course will also cover welding robotic safety, programming of robot. and creation of weld schedules. </p>",
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      "CISC-101",
      "MATH-103",
      "WELD-123"
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    "id": "northampton-002406",
    "code": "WELD 255",
    "title": "Introduction to Metallurgy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the study of the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Specific topics include mechanical testing, welding metallurgy, heat treatment, and nondestructive examination. The laboratory component of the course covers standard methods for determining the properties of common materials. This course also introduces the standards for interpreting, analyzing, and documenting research and experimental data within engineering and technical communities.</p>",
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      "MATH103",
      "PHYS152",
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    "id": "northampton-002407",
    "code": "WELD 255G",
    "title": "Introduction to Metallurgy",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "<p>This course covers the study of the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Specific topics include mechanical testing, welding metallurgy, heat treatment, and nondestructive examination. The laboratory component of the course covers standard methods for determining the properties of common materials. This course also introduces the standards for interpreting, analyzing, and documenting research and experimental data within engineering and technical communities. Prereq. - ENGL151, MATH103, PHYS152 and WELD205. Additional course fees: $70.00</p>",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 255G",
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    "id": "northampton-002408",
    "code": "WELD 411",
    "title": "Oxyacetlene & Basic Arc Welding",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": null,
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    "id": "northampton-002409",
    "code": "WELD 452",
    "title": "Advanced Welding Process",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": null,
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 452",
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    "id": "northampton-002410",
    "code": "WELD 800",
    "title": "Welding Processes I(Not applicable to a degree)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Concepts and techniques in basic arc welding; hands-on experience in flat position shielded metal arc welding; safety practices; defect prevention approach.",
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    "id": "northampton-002411",
    "code": "WELD 801",
    "title": "Welding Processes II(Not applicable to a degree)",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Technical information and experience in horizontal position shielded metal arc welding (SMAW); problem solving and defect analysis; proper use of oxy-fuel cutting apparatus; safety practices. Prereq. û WELD 800.",
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    "id": "northampton-002412",
    "code": "WELD 802",
    "title": "Welding Processes III(Not applicable to a degree)",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Technical information and experience in vertical position shielded metal arc welding (SMAW); problem solving and defect analysis; safety practices; code information pertinent to welder certification per ANSI/AWS D1.1 (Structural Welding-Steel). Prereq. û WELD 801.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 802",
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    "id": "northampton-002413",
    "code": "WELD 803",
    "title": "Welding Processes IV(Not applicable to a degree)",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Technical information and experience in overhead position shielded metal arc welding (SMAW); torch brazing; problem solving and defect analysis; safety practices. Prereq. û WELD 802.",
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 803",
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    "id": "northampton-002414",
    "code": "WELD 815",
    "title": "Weld Symbol Applications(Not Applicable to a Degree)",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Reading and interpreting typical welding drawings including symbology for joints, fillets, groove, surface, flange, and other weld types; brazed joints; nondestructive testing symbols; related shop math review. Prereq. û MFAB 810.",
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    "id": "northampton-002415",
    "code": "WELD 820",
    "title": "Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process(GTAW)(Not Applicable to a Degree)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Advanced technical information and experience in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and cutting processes using standard and programmable equipment; problem solving; defect analysis; troubleshooting equipment. Prereq. û WELD 803.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 820",
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    "id": "northampton-002416",
    "code": "WELD 821",
    "title": "Semi-auto Welding Processes(Not Applicable to a Degree)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Advanced technical information and experience in using most semiautomatic welding processes involving standard and programmable equipment; problem solving; defect analysis; troubleshooting equipment. Prereq. û WELD 803.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://catalog.northampton.edu/courses/WELD 821",
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    "id": "northampton-002417",
    "code": "WELD 822",
    "title": "Pipe Welding Processes(Not Applicable to a Degree)",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Skill development in Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) using all position grooved joints on plate and pipe with and without the use of backup material on steel; emphasis on defect prevention, weld analysis techniques, problem solving, and code information pertinent to certification. Prereq. û WELD 803.",
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    "id": "northampton-002418",
    "code": "WELD 823",
    "title": "Advanced Arc Welding Process(Not Applicable to a Degree)",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "Skill development in Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) using all position grooved joints on plate with and without the use of backup material on steel; emphasis on defect prevention, weld analysis techniques, problem solving, skill development and code information pertinent to certification. Prereq. û WELD 803.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "northampton-002419",
    "code": "WELD 824",
    "title": "Advanced Pipe Welding Processes(Not Applicable to a Degree)",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Skill development in Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) using 2G, 5G and 6G positions of grooved joints on pipe with and/or without the use of backup material on steel; emphasis on defect prevention, weld analysis, techniques, problem solving, and code informational pertinent to certification. Prereq. û WELD 823.",
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