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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000001",
    "code": "ANTH 101",
    "title": "Anthropology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A survey of peoples and cultures, past and present, from many parts of the world. The student is introduced to the study of humankind through the four-discipline approach: sociocultural anthropology, linguistic anthropology, physical anthropology, and archeology. Critical issues concerning human behavior are explored, such as the ecological crisis or the clash of traditional and modern values in today's world.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "queensborough-000947"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000002",
    "code": "ANTH 140",
    "title": "North American Indians",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the discipline of anthropology while focusing on the diversity of native American cultures throughout their long history in North America. Cultures to be analyzed include the Arctic, Plains, Eastern Woodlands, Northwest Coast, the Southwest, and the Aztec and Mayan societies. The effects of European contact on the native cultures and the problems facing American Indians today are discussed.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000003",
    "code": "ANTH 150",
    "title": "Peoples & Cultures of Caribbea",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the discipline of anthropology while surveying the peoples and cultures of the Caribbean. Topics include language, economy, religion, healing, kinship, and ethnic relations. The institutions of slavery and the consequences of European domination are examined.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000004",
    "code": "ANTH 160",
    "title": "Anthropology of Health & Heal",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers an overview of cross-cultural health, illness and healing practices. Topics covered include cultural interpretations of health and illness, varieties of healing practices, and global health concerns. Students will become acquainted with medical anthropology methods and theories and will learn anthropological approaches to health-related problems, including an examination of the ways social status, cultural meanings and economic inequalities influence health and illness across the globe. The course draws primarily on work from the fields of medical anthropology, but will also turn to more exploratory modes such as memoirs and expressive writing to gain a deeper, more personal understanding of the meaning and experience of health and illness in individual lives.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000960"
    ],
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000005",
    "code": "ANTH 170",
    "title": "Sex & Gendr In Cross-Cultural",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on the construction of gender and sexuality across a wide range of cultures, exploring the role of kinship, religion, politics, and economics in the construction of gender roles, sexual practices, family arrangements, as well as gender and sexual identities and desires. This course confronts commonly-held assumptions about gender and sexuality, as it explores the diversity of gender and sexuality across cultures and historical eras, paying particular attention to the social conditions, ideologies and power-structures that inform people's lives across cultures and societies.",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000006",
    "code": "ANTH 198",
    "title": "Anthropology Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Anthropology Non-Liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ANTH 198",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000007",
    "code": "ANTH 199",
    "title": "Anthropology Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ANTH 199",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000008",
    "code": "AR 199",
    "title": "Art and Photo Liberal Art Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Art and Photography to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/AR 199",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000009",
    "code": "ARCH 111",
    "title": "Architectural Design I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the fundamentals of architectural design. Students will develop the ability to perceive visual cues, create visual design, formulate concepts, and render ideas in two and three dimensions. Using a combination of manual and digital skills, students will create and interpret three-dimensional objects and spaces and develop drawings and renderings using standard projection systems.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARCH 111",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000010",
    "code": "ARCH 113",
    "title": "Building Technology I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the basic materials and elements of construction. System analysis, including the study of materials properties and their proper selection. Fundamental principles of architectural drafting. Surveying existing conditions, development of drawings of plans, elevations, sections, and basic details from foundation to roof. An emphasis is on wood and masonry and shallow foundation systems.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARCH 113",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000011",
    "code": "ARCH 119",
    "title": "Visualization I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "An introduction to the language of architectural representation and visualization. Students will develop the techniques and skills to perceive visual cues, make aesthetic evaluations, translate information into graphic representation, create visual design and formulate and render concepts in two or three dimensions. This course introduces basic skills for the manipulation and generation of both free hand and digital images. Model making, scanning and image editing concepts are introduced. Associated topics in computer systems, file management, word processing and spreadsheets are covered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARCH 119",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000012",
    "code": "ARCH 121",
    "title": "Architectural Design II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "A continuation of the concepts begun in ARCH-119. Students will increase their knowledge of architectural design. A more in-depth study of in the perception of visual cues, the creation of visual designs, the formulation of concepts, and the rendering of ideas in two and three dimensions. Using a combination of manual and digital skills, students will create and interpret three-dimensional objects and spaces and develop drawings and renderings using standard projection systems.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARCH 121",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000013",
    "code": "ARCH 123",
    "title": "Building Technology II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A study of the basic materials of construction and the theory and practice of building technology. The course will include investigation of the assembly of building components and methods of construction and framing. Students will develop proficiency in both analog and digital drawing building information modeling (BIM) techniques, and professionally presented construction drawings. Generally offered only in the spring semester.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARCH 123",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000014",
    "code": "ARCH 125",
    "title": "Surveying and Site Planning",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Principles and practice of elementary surveying. Application of the fundamental techniques of site planning principles and the use of topographical maps and models. The importance of site development as it relates to architecture and sustainable site development. Field work in practical application of surveying techniques; measurement of distances, angles, and elevations. Computation and mapping of closed traverses. Due to weather constraints only offered in the fall semester.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARCH 125",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000015",
    "code": "ARCH 129",
    "title": "Visualization II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "A continuation of the concepts of architectural representation and visualization begun in ARCH-119. The focus is on precise crafting of physical and analogue models and architectural presentations, analogue and digital rendering techniques, and representation of geospatial information. Students hone their skills using manual and digital tools and enhance their design work by strengthening visual, verbal and graphical skills. Students will demonstrate fluency in and understanding of key design vocabulary, concepts and visual techniques.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARCH 129",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000016",
    "code": "ARCH 231",
    "title": "Architectural Design III",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "An exploration of abstract architectural design theory in the expression of three-dimensional space. The creation of comprehensive architectural design projects are developed following a building program and incorporating element of site, enclosure, structure, material and technology. Design concepts and vocabulary are introduced and strengthened through design projects. A juried presentation will take place at the completion of each project. Generally offered only in the fall semester.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARCH 231",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000017",
    "code": "ARCH 237",
    "title": "Environmental Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A survey of systems employed in buildings including plumbing, electrical, heating, ventilation, air conditioning and fire alarm and suppression. System components, design, application, equipment locations and distribution will be examined. Sustainability and energy efficiency applications will be addressed and software used for data analysis. National codes are introduced. Generally offered only in the spring semester.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARCH 237",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/arch-237",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000018",
    "code": "ARCH 241",
    "title": "Advanced Architectrl Modeling",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Practical application of advanced architectural software to the generation of 3D models, rendering and the creation of animated visuals for architectural designs. Topics include: creating designs in 3D space, editing 3D designs, viewing objects in 3D space, setting lights, cameras, applying color and materials to surfaces, background color and objects; rendering creation of scenes tracking animation and walk-throughs. This course assists in the production of a design studio portfolio.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARCH 241",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/arch-241",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arch-241.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000019",
    "code": "ARCH 248",
    "title": "Structures I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Design and analysis of steel, reinforced concrete, and timber structures. The behavior of architectural materials in stress and intuitive reasoning related to the mathematical treatment of equilibrium in static structures. Practice in the preparation of structural drawings. Use of structural design codes and specifications. Generally offered only in the spring semester.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARCH 248",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/arch-248",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arch-248.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000020",
    "code": "ARTH 100",
    "title": "Introductory Survey of Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A one-semester survey of the basic principles of art; a study of the art of various cultures through analysis of individual works of painting, sculpture, and architecture.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000927",
      "queensborough-000939",
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 100",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000021",
    "code": "ARTH 101",
    "title": "History of Art I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A chronological study in depth of the evolution of style from ancient civilizations through the Gothic period; analysis of individual works of painting, sculpture, and architecture.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000927",
      "queensborough-000939",
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 101",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000022",
    "code": "ARTH 115",
    "title": "Modern Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey of painting, sculpture, and architecture in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries from Romanticism through the contemporary scene.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000925",
      "queensborough-000927",
      "queensborough-000939"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 115",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000023",
    "code": "ARTH 116",
    "title": "American Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey of painting, sculpture, and architecture of the United States from the Colonial period to the present day.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000925",
      "queensborough-000927",
      "queensborough-000939"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 116",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arth-116.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000024",
    "code": "ARTH 117",
    "title": "History of Photography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey of the history of photography with emphasis on its evolution as a creative art form. Analysis of the work of significant photographers.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000925",
      "queensborough-000927",
      "queensborough-000939"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 117",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/arth-117",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arth-117.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000025",
    "code": "ARTH 120",
    "title": "Contemporary Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A study of the directions in art of the present day, set in the context of the major art movements of the twentieth century. Videotapes of gallery shows by living artists during the last five years will be integrated into a lecture/discussion format.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000925",
      "queensborough-000927",
      "queensborough-000939"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 120",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arth-120.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000026",
    "code": "ARTH 126",
    "title": "History of Asian Art",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This class covers the majestic artistic worlds of India, South East Asia, China, Korea and Japan from the beginning of civilization to the 19th-century. It deals with aesthetic manifestations of the great religious and philosophical systems such as Taoism, Confucianism, Hinduism and Buddhism. The architecture, sculpture, painting, metalwork, textiles and ceramics are analyzed; themes, styles and techniques distinctive of the art tradition of each country are stressed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000925",
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 126",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000027",
    "code": "ARTH 128",
    "title": "History of African Arts",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will examine arts of the African continent, from ancient to modern, consider their connection to and impact on art of the African Diaspora and European modern art masters, while maintaining its emphasis on traditional art in areas south of the Sahara. The arts' historical importance (and its impact) will be emphasized, as well as the concept of aesthetics and the cultural, social and religious or spiritual context in which the objects were created. In addition to reading assignments, lectures and presentations, pertinent videotapes, films and/or DVDs will be screened, showing how objects were used in a traditional setting-and work will be assigned in conjunction with Queensborough's Gallery collection and exhibition of African art and artifacts.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000925",
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 128",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arth-128.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000028",
    "code": "ARTH 150",
    "title": "Intro Gallery & Museum Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will familiarize students with the many and varied tasks involved in gallery/museum management and administration. Students will receive an introduction to the key aspects of arts management and gain an understanding of how the field developed over time. Students learn about the structures and functions of museums and the art market as well as the varied career paths including museums registration, conservation, development, museum education and curatorial work. Through hands-on projects, interactions with art professionals and research students learn how the collections of the past and those of today are built, maintained and put on display.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 150",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000029",
    "code": "ARTH 199",
    "title": "Art History Liberal Arts Elect",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Art History Liberal Arts Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 199",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/arth-199",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000030",
    "code": "ARTH 202",
    "title": "History of Art II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A continuation of ARTH-101 beginning with the Renaissance style in Italy in the fifteenth century; the emergence of major individual artists such as Michelangelo and Rembrandt; the contribution of women artists; and the developments leading to the art of the modern period. Note on ARTH-100, ARTH-101, and ARTH-202: Students who have completed ARTH-101 or ARTH-202 may not enroll in ARTH-100 for credit. Students who have completed ARTH-100 may enroll in ARTH-101 and ARTH-202 for credit.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000927",
      "queensborough-000939",
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 202",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/arth-202",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000031",
    "code": "ARTH 225",
    "title": "History of Graphic Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will examine the history of graphic design as a form of communication covering topics including prehistory, early books, early typography for the industrial period, photography as a new communications tool, national visions of design in a global economy, postmodern design, and the digital revolution. Its primary aim is to provide the design student with a knowledge of graphic design history for use in contemporary multi-media.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000927",
      "queensborough-000939"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 225",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/arth-225",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000032",
    "code": "ARTH 251",
    "title": "Art Curating",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the basics of planning an exhibition for a targeted audience in a Gallery or Museum setting. Appropriate display design for a specific theme, utilizing the gallery/museum collection, research, sources of information, how to write informative text for the public (what to say and how to say it), exhibition design and production, contracts, insurance, construction and display of exhibitions, publicity. In addition, the course will cover policies for collecting and disposal of works of art, donations, purchases and loans. Classroom lecture and discussion will be supplemented with trips to the QCC Art Gallery to observe, to participate in meetings with the Gallery Director, and to participate in curatorial duties (under supervision) when the student achieves a grade point average of B or above, as determined by tests, quizzes, papers, and class participation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 251",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000033",
    "code": "ARTH 252",
    "title": "Art Institutions & Business",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will familiarize students with the various forms of art institutions museums, galleries, not-for-profit organizations, and auction houses'and their funding structures. Students will learn about various art institutions through readings, class discussion, onsite visits, and individual research projects. Students will learn the roles of mission statements, budgeting, grant writing, fundraising, and publications for a variety of art institutions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 252",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000034",
    "code": "ARTH 380",
    "title": "Gallery Internship I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Open only to matriculated students who have completed 24 credits with at least 5 credits in art, and are recommended by the Department. Interested students should contact the Department during the semester prior to registration. They may register for one course per semester (AR-901 or 902) and may take a maximum total of 4 credits in the Gallery Internship. Departmental permission required. The Gallery Internship provides an opportunity for the student to gain practical experience through paid or unpaid apprenticeship in an art gallery or museum that offers this arrangement and meets the Department's approval. It is expected the student will receive experience in several of the following areas: curatorial and registration procedures; installation of exhibitions; writing and production of a catalog; and publicity. A written report on the total experience will be required, as well as an evaluation of the student by the museum or gallery supervisor. The instructor will hold periodic conferences with the student and will arrange assignments with the gallery or museum involved. The instructor will be responsible for the final evaluation of the student's work.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 380",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000035",
    "code": "ARTH 381",
    "title": "Gallery Internship II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Open only to matriculated students who have completed 24 credits with at least 5 credits in art, and are recommended by the Department. Interested students should contact the Department during the semester prior to registration. They may register for one course per semester (AR-901 or 902) and may take a maximum total of 4 credits in the Gallery Internship. Departmental permission required. The Gallery Internship provides an opportunity for the student to gain practical experience through paid or unpaid apprenticeship in an art gallery or museum that offers this arrangement and meets the Department's approval. It is expected the student will receive experience in several of the following areas: curatorial and registration procedures; installation of exhibitions; writing and production of a catalog; and publicity. A written report on the total experience will be required, as well as an evaluation of the student by the museum or gallery supervisor. The instructor will hold periodic conferences with the student and will arrange assignments with the gallery or museum involved. The instructor will be responsible for the final evaluation of the student's wor",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTH 381",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000036",
    "code": "ARTS 121",
    "title": "Two-Dimensional Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A foundation course in the analysis of various two dimensional design ideas, such as line, shape and value. Emphasis is placed upon methods of organization,expression, and computer applications. Lectures, classroom projects, and additional work required outside the classroom.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 121",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000037",
    "code": "ARTS 122",
    "title": "Sculpture: Three Dmnsnl Dsgn",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A study of three-dimensional design elements of line, plane, and volume: the use of basic tools and experience with various media (paper, wood, plastic, metal, plaster). Lectures, classroom projects, and additional work required outside the classroom.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 122",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000038",
    "code": "ARTS 130",
    "title": "Art Methods for K-8 Curric I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Provides art experiences for teachers of children using materials and techniques that are easily translatable to art experiences for children. Class work will include paint, clay, cut paper, found materials, paper mache, and puppets. There will be class discussion and keeping of a log. This course is also recommended for students interested in Art Therapy and Occupational Therapy.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 130",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000039",
    "code": "ARTS 131",
    "title": "Art Methods for K-8 Curric II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Provides art experiences for teachers of children using materials and techniques that are easily translatable to art experiences for children. Class work will include paint, clay, cut paper, found materials, paper mache, and puppets. There will be class discussion and keeping of a log. This course is also recommended for students interested in Art Therapy and Occupational Therapy. ARTS 130 and ARTS 131 and will be offered in alternate semesters. The projects for each course will be different. Students may take either course or both courses.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 131",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000040",
    "code": "ARTS 132",
    "title": "Introduction to Art Therapy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An overview of the history of Art Therapy, its principles and techniques. The course will cover the developmental stages of art from childhood through adult life and explore various approaches used in Art Therapy to deal with physical and emotional disabilities and developmental delays. Students will participate in a variety of art experiences in order to develop an understanding of the art process, its implications in therapy and its potential to facilitate growth and health.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 132",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000041",
    "code": "ARTS 141",
    "title": "Introduction to Photography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Workshop in fundamentals of photography; its possibilities for visual communication. Use of cameras and equipment. Basic study of the photographic processes; developing, printing, enlarging. Note: Each student must supply his or her own 35mm camera, paper, film, and film chemicals.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000939"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 141",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-141.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000042",
    "code": "ARTS 151",
    "title": "Drawing I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Drawing in pencil, ink, charcoal, and other appropriate media: development of skill in representation of objects through form, line, texture, drawing from nature, still life, and the human figure. Lectures, classroom projects, and additional work required outside the classroom.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 151",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-151.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000043",
    "code": "ARTS 161",
    "title": "Painting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Basic elements of oil or acrylic painting, designed for acquisition of skill and technique in the medium. Experiences in realism, abstraction, and nonobjectivity.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 161",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-161.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000044",
    "code": "ARTS 182",
    "title": "Sculpture",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A continuation of the study of three-dimensional design elements working in both the abstract and the figurative. Further involvement in the understanding of various materials.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 182",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-182.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000045",
    "code": "ARTS 186",
    "title": "Ceramics I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Learning the use of the potter's wheel. Handbuilding techniques and an introduction to glazing and kiln operation. Development of individual strengths through critiques with the instructor, slide presentations, and group discussions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 186",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-186.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000046",
    "code": "ARTS 191",
    "title": "Introduction to Video",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to the processes, concepts and techniques of digital video and audio production. Projects will explore all aspects of video production and post-production including cinematography, editing, sound design, compositing, and effects.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 191",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-191.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000047",
    "code": "ARTS 192",
    "title": "Digital Animation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to the processes, concepts, and techniques of digital animation. A variety of software packages and tools will be covered, with an emphasis on creating character animation with dynamic motion, acting, and timing. Projects will explore the principles of animation across a variety of digital media while developing narratives from storyboards to final execution. Critical analysis, revision, and portfolio building will be stressed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000939"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 192",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-192.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000048",
    "code": "ARTS 198",
    "title": "Art and Photo Non-Lib Arts Ele",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding non-liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit in the Department of Art and Photography to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college, conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 198",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000049",
    "code": "ARTS 221",
    "title": "Color Theory",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introductory study of the basic properties of color, including an examination of systems of color classification and a thorough analysis of the interaction of color. This is done through a series of exercises and individual assignments which refer to the use of color in both traditional and contemporary art. Additional work required outside the classroom.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 221",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000050",
    "code": "ARTS 242",
    "title": "Advanced Photographic Skills",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Advanced techniques for those interested in beginning a career in photography; for the advanced beginner and the intermediate student seeking to develop creative and expressive power and to perfect picture-taking and darkroom skills.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 242",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000051",
    "code": "ARTS 243",
    "title": "Digital Photography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will learn how to use the digital camera to make images for a variety of photographic applications, and they will computer-printing technologies to produce final prints. Students will develop skill in using photography as a tool for visual communication.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000939"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 243",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-243.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000052",
    "code": "ARTS 252",
    "title": "Drawing II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A continuation of Drawing I with the inclusion of the human figure and visual points of view other than the representational.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 252",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000053",
    "code": "ARTS 253",
    "title": "Illustration",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A study of visual styles and commercial points of view: fashion, spot, book, and editorial illustration. A variety of materials and resources, including computers, will be used.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 253",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000054",
    "code": "ARTS 262",
    "title": "Painting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Assumes basic knowledge and experience in oil or acrylic painting. Individual creativity encouraged.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 262",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000055",
    "code": "ARTS 263",
    "title": "Painting III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Continuation of Painting II (ARTS 262).",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 263",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000056",
    "code": "ARTS 270",
    "title": "Printmaking: Relief Stencil",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to the design and techniques of relief and stencil printmaking: lino cut, woodcut, silkscreen and photo silkscreen, and mono printing.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 270",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000057",
    "code": "ARTS 271",
    "title": "Printmaking: Intaglio",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Design and techniques of intaglio printmaking: etching and photo etching, drypoint, mezzotint, aquatint, engraving, sugar-lift process.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 271",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-271",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-271.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000058",
    "code": "ARTS 272",
    "title": "Printmaking II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Continuation of Printmaking I allowing for the fuller exploration of multi-color printing and editioning with an introduction to the techniques of non-toxic intaglio processes, monoprinting and collotype.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 272",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-272",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-272.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000059",
    "code": "ARTS 286",
    "title": "Ceramics II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A more concentrated study of techniques of Ceramics I (AR-231 or ARTS 186), with emphasis on individual creative development.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 286",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-286",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-286.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000060",
    "code": "ARTS 290",
    "title": "Digital Design I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to digital design foundations and visual communication. The class will cover basic design, layout, color, and typography principles through vector-based projects.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000939"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 290",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-290.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000061",
    "code": "ARTS 291",
    "title": "Digital Imaging",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Methods of creating and manipulating the digital photographic image. Introduction to Adobe Photoshop through industry-standard techniques.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 291",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-291",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-291.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000062",
    "code": "ARTS 292",
    "title": "Digital Design II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this project-oriented course, students build upon principles and skills learned in Digital Design I to solve increasingly complex design problems with concept-driven solutions. Critical analysis, revision, and portfolio building are stressed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 292",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000063",
    "code": "ARTS 293",
    "title": "Motion Graphics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores animation in a design context, focusing on bringing graphic designs to life by combining visual elements like text, images, and shapes with audio and other multimedia content. Building on skills and concepts learned in ARTS 192, students will engage in design thinking and a variety of ideation, production, and revision processes, with the goal of producing several portfolio level projects.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000939"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 293",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-293.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000064",
    "code": "ARTS 380",
    "title": "Artist Apprentice Internship I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Open only to matriculated students who have completed 24 credits, including at least 5 credits in art, and are recommended by the Department. Students interested in the program should contact the Department during the semester prior to registration. Students may register for one course per semester (AR-903 or 904) and may take up to a total maximum of 4 credits in the Artist Apprentice Internship. Departmental permission required. The Artist Apprentice Internship provides an opportunity for the student to gain practical paid or unpaid experience as an apprentice with an individual practicing artist (painter, sculptor, photographer, etc.), or under the supervision of an artist in a workshop or studio approved by the faculty supervisor. The Internship will afford a meaningful experience within the artistic area, and where appropriate, actual creative work will be produced. A written report of the experience will be required, as well as an evaluation of the student by the artist or workshop/studio supervisor. The faculty supervisor will hold periodic conferences with the student, will oversee assignments, and will be responsible for the final evaluation of the student's work.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 380",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000065",
    "code": "ARTS 381",
    "title": "Artist Apprentice Internshp II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Open only to matriculated students who have completed 24 credits, including at least 5 credits in art, and are recommended by the Department. Students interested in the program should contact the Department during the semester prior to registration. Students may register for one course per semester (AR-903 or 904) and may take up to a total maximum of 4 credits in the Artist Apprentice Internship. Departmental permission required. The Artist Apprentice Internship provides an opportunity for the student to gain practical paid or unpaid experience as an apprentice with an individual practicing artist (painter, sculptor, photographer, etc.), or under the supervision of an artist in a workshop or studio approved by the faculty supervisor. The Internship will afford a meaningful experience within the artistic area, and where appropriate, actual creative work will be produced. A written report of the experience will be required, as well as an evaluation of the student by the artist or workshop/studio supervisor. The faculty supervisor will hold periodic conferences with the student, will oversee assignments, and will be responsible for the final evaluation of the student's work.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 381",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000066",
    "code": "ARTS 382",
    "title": "Special Problems Studio Art I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A second year independent study course specializing in the solving of aesthetic, technical and professional problems. Major emphasis is on motivation and independent decision-making, enabling the student to develop a personal and creative style.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 382",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000067",
    "code": "ARTS 383",
    "title": "Special Problems Studio Art II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A second year independent study course specializing in the solving of aesthetic, technical and professional problems. Major emphasis is on motivation and independent decision-making, enabling the student to develop a personal and creative style.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 383",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-383",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/arts-383.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000068",
    "code": "ARTS 390",
    "title": "Portfolio Project Studio Art",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A second-year, independent study course specializing in the solving of aesthetic, technical and professional problems. Major emphasis is on building a portfolio for presentation for employment or application for 4-year degree programs based on student-generated creative project in the medium of the individual student's concentration. The student meets with the course instructor and/or faculty adviser for regularly scheduled meetings to present their work as it develops, or for critique and discussion. There is a required term paper, due one week in advance of the final review at the end of the semester.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 390",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000069",
    "code": "ARTS 392",
    "title": "Introduction to 3D Animation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the principles and techniques of 3D animation. Students will learn the fundamentals of 3D modeling, animation, and rendering using industry-standard software. The course will cover key concepts in storytelling, character design, and 3D printing, with hands-on projects to develop practical skills.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000939"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ARTS 392",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000070",
    "code": "ASAP 500",
    "title": "ASAP Seminar I",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "ASAP Seminar I",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ASAP 500",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/asap-500.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000071",
    "code": "ASAP 501",
    "title": "ASAP Seminar II",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "ASAP Seminar II",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ASAP 501",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/asap-501.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000072",
    "code": "ASAP 502",
    "title": "ASAP Seminar III",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "ASAP Seminar III",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ASAP 502",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/asap-502.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000073",
    "code": "BE 11",
    "title": "Writing Workshop - CATW",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Writing Workshop - CATW",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 11",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-11.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000074",
    "code": "BE 11CS",
    "title": "CunyStart Writing Wrkshp",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Through an interdisciplinary curriculum, students build key writing skills and broaden their general background knowledge. Skill development includes argumentative and analytic writing, and preparation for the CUNY Assessment Test for Writing.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 11CS",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-11cs.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000075",
    "code": "BE 12",
    "title": "Reading Workshop",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Reading Workshop",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 12",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-12.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000076",
    "code": "BE 12CS",
    "title": "Cunystart Reading Workshop",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "CUNY Start Academic Reading Through an interdisciplinary curriculum, students build key reading skills and broaden their general background knowledge. Skill development includes college-level reading, study skills and preparation for the CUNY Assessment Test for Reading.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 12CS",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-12cs.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000077",
    "code": "BE 13",
    "title": "Accelerated Reading Workshop",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Accelerated Reading Workshop",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 13",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-13.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000078",
    "code": "BE 14",
    "title": "Communications Workshop",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Communications Competency Immersion project",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 14",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-14.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000079",
    "code": "BE 15",
    "title": "Remedial Writing",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "The English Department will offer an intensive writing program for BE112 and BE205 students. The student population will consist of learners who passed BE111 or BE203 or earned between a 46 and 55 on the CATW exam. Students who have failed BE111/203 or BE121/225 and do not have the minimum scores will not be permitted to register without instructor’s permission.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 15",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000080",
    "code": "BE 16",
    "title": "Reading Immersion Program",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "The Reading Immersion Program is for BE122 and BE226. Students must have passed BE121 or BE225 or earned between 40 and 54 on the ACCUPLACER Reading Exam. Students who have failed BE111/203 or BE121/225 and do not have the minimum scores will not be permitted to register without instructor’s permission",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 16",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000081",
    "code": "BE 17",
    "title": "Immersion Write Repeats",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Immersion Program for Writing Multiple Repeaters",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 17",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-17.md"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000082",
    "code": "BE 18",
    "title": "Immersion Read Repeats",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Immersion Program for Reading Multiple Repeaters",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 18",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000083",
    "code": "BE 20",
    "title": "Usip For Be111/121 Students",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "USIP workshop for students placed in BE111/121",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 20",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000084",
    "code": "BE 21",
    "title": "USIP WKSP - Reading, Wrting",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "USIP Workshop for Reading and/or Writing",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 21",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000085",
    "code": "BE 21CS",
    "title": "CUNY START WKSP- Read&Write",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "CUNYSTART Workshop for Reading and Writing",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 21CS",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000086",
    "code": "BE 21ES",
    "title": "English Start Wkshp Read&Write",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "English Start gives students structured opportunities to develop the reading, writing, and critical thinking skills required to be successful in college through scaffolded engagement with college-level texts. Students practice reading strategies in fiction and non-fiction texts, build academic vocabulary, write academic analysis papers, and analyze and synthesize information from multiple sources. 6 to 10 week course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 21ES",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000087",
    "code": "BE 22",
    "title": "USIP for BE 203/225",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "USIP workshop for students placed in BE 203/225",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 22",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-22.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000088",
    "code": "BE 23",
    "title": "Usip For Be205/226",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "USIP workshop for students placed in BE205/226",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 23",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-23.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000089",
    "code": "BE 27CL",
    "title": "ESL Reading Writing Wksp CLIP",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "The CUNY Language Immersion Program (CLIP) is designed for English as a Second Language (ESL) students who need to increase their proficiency in academic English in preparation for college study. In an intensive setting of 25 hours a week, students will have the opportunity to increase their vocabulary knowledge, grammatical accuracy and academic reading and writing skills in paragraph and essay formats covering a range of academic genres. There will also be a focus on listening comprehension and note-taking skills as well as formal oral presentations. Lastly, students will be provided with a means to develop their critical thinking skills through an interdisciplinary curriculum.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 27CL",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-27cl.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000090",
    "code": "BE 29",
    "title": "Dev Read Writ for Continuing",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This is a combination reading and writing workshop, and an exit course for returning students. Both ESL and native English speaking students will be allowed into the same sections. The workshop will focus on reinforcing college-level reading and writing skills and focus on developing time management and study skills.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 29",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-29",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-29.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000091",
    "code": "BE 30",
    "title": "Dev Read Writ for Incoming",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This is a developmental reading writing workshop offered to incoming students with a light remedial need with an EPI Index of 50 or higher. If students earn a grade of P in this workshop they have met the remedial reading and writing requirements.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 30",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-30.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000092",
    "code": "BE 35",
    "title": "Writing Wkshop - Incoming Stud",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "A writing workshop for Incoming Students. Score of 46 - 55 on the CATW.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 35",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-35",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-35.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000093",
    "code": "BE 36",
    "title": "Reading Wkshop - Incoming Stud",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "A Reading workshop for Incoming Students. Score of 40 to 54 on the ACCUPLACER",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 36",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-36",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-36.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000094",
    "code": "BE 37CL",
    "title": "ESL Workshop CLIP Low Beginner",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "BE 37CL is the entry-level section of the CUNY Language Immersion Program (CLIP), designed for English as a Second Language (ESL) students who are early in their study of English and need to increase their proficiency in academic English in preparation for college study. In an intensive setting of 25 hours a week, students will have the opportunity to increase their vocabulary knowledge, grammatical accuracy and academic reading and writing skills in paragraph and essay formats covering a range of academic genres. The interdisciplinary, content-focused curriculum includes attention to listening comprehension and note-taking skills as well as formal oral presentations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 37CL",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-37cl",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-37cl.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000095",
    "code": "BE 38CL",
    "title": "ESL Workshop CLIP Beginner",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "BE 38CL is a beginner-level section of the CUNY Language Immersion Program (CLIP), designed for English as a Second Language (ESL) students who are early in their study of English and need to increase their proficiency in academic English in preparation for college study. In an intensive setting of 25 hours a week, students will have the opportunity to increase their vocabulary knowledge, grammatical accuracy and academic reading and writing skills in paragraph and essay formats covering a range of academic genres. The interdisciplinary, content-focused curriculum includes attention to listening comprehension and note-taking skills as well as formal oral presentations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 38CL",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-38cl",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-38cl.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000096",
    "code": "BE 39CL",
    "title": "ESL Workshop CLIP High Beginnr",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "BE 39CL is a beginner-level section of the CUNY Language Immersion Program (CLIP), designed for English as a Second Language (ESL) students who are early in their study of English and need to increase their proficiency in academic English in preparation for college study. In an intensive setting of 25 hours a week, students will have the opportunity to increase their vocabulary knowledge, grammatical accuracy and academic reading and writing skills in paragraph and essay formats covering a range of academic genres. The interdisciplinary, content-focused curriculum includes attention to listening comprehension and note-taking skills as well as formal oral presentations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 39CL",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-39cl",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-39cl.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000097",
    "code": "BE 40CL",
    "title": "ESL Workshop CLIP Low Intermd",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "BE 40CL is an intermediate section of the CUNY Language Immersion Program (CLIP), designed for English as a Second Language (ESL) students who have progressed in their study of English but need to continue to increase their proficiency in academic English in preparation for credit-level college courses. In an intensive setting of 25 hours a week, students will have the opportunity to increase their vocabulary knowledge, grammatical accuracy and academic reading and writing skills in paragraph and essay formats covering a range of academic genres. The interdisciplinary, content-focused curriculum includes attention to listening comprehension and note-taking skills as well as formal oral presentations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 40CL",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-40cl",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-40cl.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000098",
    "code": "BE 41CL",
    "title": "ESL Workshop CLIP High Intermd",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "BE 41CL is a high-intermediate section of the CUNY Language Immersion Program (CLIP), designed for English as a Second Language (ESL) students who have progressed in their study of English but need to continue to increase their proficiency in academic English in preparation for credit-level college courses. In an intensive setting of 25 hours a week, students will have the opportunity to increase their vocabulary knowledge, grammatical accuracy and academic reading and writing skills in paragraph and essay formats covering a range of academic genres. The interdisciplinary, content-focused curriculum includes attention to listening comprehension and note-taking skills as well as formal oral presentations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 41CL",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-41cl",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-41cl.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000099",
    "code": "BE 42CL",
    "title": "ESL Workshop CLIP Advanced",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "BE 42CL is an intermediate section of the CUNY Language Immersion Program (CLIP), designed for English as a Second Language (ESL) students who have progressed in their study of English but need to continue to increase their proficiency in academic English in preparation for credit-level college courses. In an intensive setting of 25 hours a week, students will have the opportunity to increase their vocabulary knowledge, grammatical accuracy and academic reading and writing skills in paragraph and essay formats covering a range of academic genres. The interdisciplinary, content-focused curriculum includes attention to listening comprehension and note-taking skills as well as formal oral presentations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 42CL",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-42cl.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000100",
    "code": "BE 45",
    "title": "Bridge to Coll Comp Cont Stdt",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This three-week workshop provides continuing students who have a light developmental need in English an opportunity to build key academic English and college success skills as an alternative to taking (or retaking) the English corequisite. The workshop includes opportunities to engage with peer mentors, tutors, and advisors. Students who attend all sessions will have the opportunity to earn the English Proficiency Milestone through demonstration of academic readiness in multiple reading and writing assignments, quizzes and an exam, as well as short presentations and group work. Registration for the workshop must be completed by an approved advisor, and enrolled students must also be registered for English 101 in the following term. Students may only enroll in this Bridge course once. Students who enrolled in the Bridge to College Composition for New Students are not eligible. Students may only enroll in this Bridge course once.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 45",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-45",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-45.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000101",
    "code": "BE 49",
    "title": "Bridge to Coll Comp New Stdnt",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This three-week workshop provides new students who have a light developmental need in English an opportunity to build key academic English and college success skills before taking English 101 (English Composition I). The workshop includes an integrated exploration of degree programs and career paths, with opportunities to engage with peer mentors, faculty, and advisors. Students who attend all sessions will have the opportunity to earn the English Proficiency Milestone through demonstration of academic readiness in multiple reading and writing assignments, quizzes and an exam, as well as short presentations and group work. Registration for the workshop must be completed by an approved advisor, and enrolled students must also be registered for English 101 in the following term. Students may only enroll in this Bridge course once.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BE 49",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-49",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/be-49.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000102",
    "code": "BI 110",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Life Science",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies the Nonlaboratory Science component of the Science and Mathematics requirements for the A.A. degree and the liberal arts core or elective requirements for the A.S. degree. Students who feel they need to reinforce their science background are urged to take BI-110 either before or with the indicated courses. Presents basic concepts of the life sciences. Includes scientific measurement, the properties of matter and energy on which life is dependent, and levels of organization. Especially recommended for those students who plan to take additional courses in the life sciences. Credit will not be given to students who have successfully completed BI- 111,140, 160, 201, 301, or 501 prior to taking BI-110.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 110",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000103",
    "code": "BI 111",
    "title": "Introduction to Human Biology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Levels of organization of the human body are emphasized, from biochemistry and cell biology to tissues, organs and organ-systems. Both the anatomical structure and the physiological function of the human body and its components will be studied. Designed for students in the Medical Office Assistant program. Not open to students who have successfully completed BI- 110,140, BI-160, BI-201, BI-301 or BI-501.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000955"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 111",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/bi-111",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/bi-111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000104",
    "code": "BI 131",
    "title": "Foundations of Biology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introductory course that provides an understanding of the natural world and how this knowledge can be applied to everyday life. Basic concepts in biology are explained with emphasis on cellular basis of life, genetics, reproduction, evolution, and ecology. Hands-on laboratory experience reinforces concepts learned in lecture and also includes dissection of selected vertebrates",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000963"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 131",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000105",
    "code": "BI 132",
    "title": "Foundations of Biology: Lab",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "An introductory laboratory course that provides an opportunity to students to get hands on experience in biology. It centers around performing laboratory experiments that explains biological concepts like cellular basics, properties and diversity of life, microscopic world of cells, ecological interactions, photosynthesis, respiration, evolution of life, patterns of inheritance and human genetics. Fetal pig dissections are also part of the course and required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000924",
      "queensborough-000963"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 132",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000106",
    "code": "BI 140",
    "title": "Principles of Biology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Not recommended for students in the A.S. in Liberal Arts and Sciences Mathematics and Science) curriculum. Credit will not be given to students who have successfully completed BI-201. A comprehensive approach to the interaction of living things in the biological world. Topics include the cellular basis of life, genetics, reproduction, evolution, and ecology. The laboratory experience includes dissection of selected vertebrates.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000963"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 140",
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    "id": "queensborough-000107",
    "code": "BI 150",
    "title": "Org & Delivery of Health Care",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide a review of government and private health care administration for the general population of the United States. It introduces concepts of epidemiology and demographics as well as issues of access and ethics, and discusses the roles, responsibilities, training/education and certification requirements, and employment trends for a wide variety of health professionals.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000108",
    "code": "BI 160",
    "title": "Ecology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Fundamental principles of ecosystems; plant and animal diversity and the concept of species; environmental adaptations; population dynamics; relationship between man and his environment; problems of conservation and pollution.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000109",
    "code": "BI 170",
    "title": "Plants and People",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Not recommended for students in the A.S. in Liberal Arts and Sciences(Mathematics and Science) curriculum.Plant forms and functions including plant evolution, ecology, heredity and diseases; plants in history, folklore, agriculture, horticulture, and industry, plant drugs and poison.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000110",
    "code": "BI 171",
    "title": "Laboratory: Plants and People",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Completion of BI-170 and 171 satisfies the laboratory science requirement (except for the A.S. in Liberal Arts and Sciences [Mathematics and Science] curriculum), orfree elective credit in all curricula. Laboratory experiments and demonstrations ofthe practical aspects of plants as they relate directly to our lives.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000111",
    "code": "BI 198",
    "title": "Biology Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding Non-Liberal Arts and Sciences elective credit to non-laboratory courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 198",
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    "id": "queensborough-000112",
    "code": "BI 199",
    "title": "Biology Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding Liberal Arts and Sciences elective credit to laboratory courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 199",
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    "id": "queensborough-000113",
    "code": "BI 201",
    "title": "General Biology I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "First semester of a one-year General Biology course for science majors.Evolution, structure of the cell, molecular basis of life, classical and modern genetics and molecular biology, homeostatic control mechanisms, both intracellular and intercellular.",
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      "queensborough-000949",
      "queensborough-000965"
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    "id": "queensborough-000114",
    "code": "BI 202",
    "title": "General Biology II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Strategy of populations in ecology and evolution; diversity of modern plant and animal life, their adaptations and evolutionary relationships. Laboratory includes dissection of representative species.",
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      "queensborough-000949"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 202",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000115",
    "code": "BI 203",
    "title": "Cell Biology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will provide insight into the structure, function and regulation of animal cells, including cell cycle, subcellular compartmentalization, signal transduction, and cell-cell interactions. Important experimental techniques that led to current understanding of structure and function of cells will be discussed.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 203",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000116",
    "code": "BI 250",
    "title": "Prof Physician Asst",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "May not be used to satisfy the liberal arts and sciences core or elective requirements in any curriculum. A comprehensive examination of the history, role orientation, training, practice characteristics, professional acceptance, certification, and legal issues of physician assistants and intense introduction to medical terminology. Many of the presentations will be given by certified physician assistants. Designed to provide transition of the pre-physician assistant into the professional phase of a baccalaureate physician assistant program.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000117",
    "code": "BI 260",
    "title": "Patient Care Coordination",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Care Coordination is an increasingly significant concept in the health care industry. It includes helping patients navigate the complex health care system, such that patients have a more optimal experience and improved health outcomes. In this course, students will engage in lectures, group activities, and case studies that will train them to better communicate with and recognize the needs of patients. When students complete this course, they should be able to help patients receive timely and appropriate care, guide patients to engage more fully in their own care, and ensure that communication takes place between all the providers involved in a patient’s health care experience.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000118",
    "code": "BI 301",
    "title": "Anatomy and Physiology I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Students may not receive transfer credit for BI-301 without BI-302 unless both courses are taken at the sending institution. First semester of a one year integrated lecture and laboratory course for the study of the structure and function of the human organism. Topics include: biological chemistry, cellular ultrastructure and metabolism, tissues and organs, and a systematic study of both the anatomy and physiology of all of the organ systems of the body. Laboratory work includes mammalian dissection and physiological experiments.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000940",
      "queensborough-000955",
      "queensborough-000958"
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    "id": "queensborough-000119",
    "code": "BI 302",
    "title": "Anatomy and Physiology II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Second semester of a one year integrated lecture and laboratory course for the study of the structure and function of the human organism. Topics include: biological chemistry, cellular ultrastructure and metabolism, tissues and organs, and a systematic study of both the anatomy and physiology of all of the organ systems of the body. Laboratory work includes mammalian dissection and physiological experiments.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000946",
      "queensborough-000955",
      "queensborough-000958"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000120",
    "code": "BI 311",
    "title": "Microbiology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "May not be taken by those students who have completed BI-461. Study of bacteria, molds, yeasts, and viruses, with emphasis on micro-organisms associated with infectious diseases. Laboratory work includes basic microbiological techniques, and procedures for sterilization and disinfection.",
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      "queensborough-000958"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000121",
    "code": "BI 325",
    "title": "Neurophysiology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The human nervous system is studied as a major regulatory system of the body. The curriculum includes a review of the neuron, impulse, CNS and PNS, ANS, and special senses. Emphasis is placed on the major spinal nerve plexi, neurological-endocrine relationships and current data supporting neuro-immune relationships.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000122",
    "code": "BI 330",
    "title": "Myology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The anatomy of the muscular system and its relationship to the skeleton are studied. Muscle location, attachments, nerve control and blood supply are examined for all regions of the body. Laboratory involves the study of models and the use of palpation to identify body parts. Note: Priority is given to students in the Massage Therapy program. Students must obtain liability insurance",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000123",
    "code": "BI 331",
    "title": "Kinesiology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The study of the dynamics of body movement. The joints of the body are studied for their mobility and its limitations in the normal individual. Muscles are studies for their individual actions and their role in group actions. The laboratory involves the extensive use of palpation and muscle testing. Each student performs the hands-on testing of range of motion.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 331",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000124",
    "code": "BI 340",
    "title": "Asst Medical Office: Clin Proc",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Acquaints the student with common clinical testing procedures performed by the medical office assistant in the examining rooms, treatment rooms, and laboratories of medical offices, clinics, and health maintenance organizations.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 340",
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    "id": "queensborough-000125",
    "code": "BI 341",
    "title": "Asst Medical Office: Med Proc",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Acquaints the student with common medical assisting procedures performed by the medical office assistant in the examining room, the treatment room of medical offices, clinics, and health maintenance organizations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 341",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000126",
    "code": "BI 356",
    "title": "Principles Of Genetics",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Molecular and general genetics. DNA structure, function, replication, mutations, recombinant DNA technology, RFLPs, cloning strategy and application. Gene structure, regulation, genetic code in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Mendelian genetics and its application to population genetics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000949"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 356",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000127",
    "code": "BI 357",
    "title": "Bioinformatics/Comptationl Bio",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Scientific concepts and computational methods of bioinformatics. Topics include sequence alignments, searching for homologous sequences, building phylogenetic trees and protein modeling. Current applications of computational biology in biotechnology and biochemistry. Use of bioinformatics as a tool for research in various biological fields.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000949"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000128",
    "code": "BI 403",
    "title": "Medical Terminology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "An introduction to the language of medicine. The basic structure, literal meaning and synthesis of medical words taught through a systematic analysis of prefixes, suffixes, roots, and combining forms. This course covers essential terminology relative to human disease and associated diagnostic, surgical and imaging procedures, including the interpretation of prescriptions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 403",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000129",
    "code": "BI 425",
    "title": "Pathophysiology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the basic concepts of pathophysiology. Examination of the phenomena that produce alterations in human physiologic function and the resulting human responses. Emphasis will be placed on disease processes in the human body, including their primary and secondary effects, and their application to clinical practice across the life span.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 425",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000130",
    "code": "BI 451",
    "title": "Phlebotomy Technology",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "An examination of the role of the phlebotomist as a vital member of the health care team. The theory and practice of the techniques for successfully obtaining blood specimens will be covered in lecture and laboratory sessions. The course includes one field trip to a clinical facility.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 451",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000131",
    "code": "BI 452",
    "title": "Electrocardiogram Technology",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course may be an advised or free elective in Medical Office Assistant Certificate program or a free elective in any other program. This course provides the student with the basic knowledge and practical experience needed toperform an EKG. It includes training in electrocardiography, understanding EKG, and recognition of cardiac emergencies. Students must achieve a passing grade in both the lecture and laboratory components to pass the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 452",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000132",
    "code": "BI 453",
    "title": "Biotechnology",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "A course in molecular biology that introduces recombinant DNA techniques and methods of genome analysis that are currently employed in industry. Topics covered include gel electrophoresis, plasmid transformation, restriction mapping, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Southern Blotting, Western analysis and forensic DNA fingerprinting, protein synthesis, ways to control protein synthesis, protein extraction, protein tags, DNA chips, micro-array technology and bioinformatics. The course will be offered as Writing Intensive.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000949"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 453",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000133",
    "code": "BI 456",
    "title": "Intro to Biological Research",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "An introduction to current biological techniques including protein biochemistry, molecular biology and microbiology. Other topics include laboratory safety, scientific literature review, analysis and interpretation of data; written and oral communication of results. Students will be expected to carry out group or independent research projects under the direction of the instructor",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 456",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000134",
    "code": "BI 457",
    "title": "Biology Seminar",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "An introduction to reading, analyzing and interpreting primary scientific literature. The format of the course is a series of lectures by visiting researchers and faculty on various biological topics. Students will prepare for each seminar through directed readings from primary literature. Appropriate for biology and chemistry students.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000135",
    "code": "BI 461",
    "title": "General Microbiology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Theoretical and laboratory studies of microbiology, including history, taxonomy, morphology, physiology, effects of physical and chemical agents, antibiosis, bioenergetics and metabolism, genetics, immunology, and hypersensitivity.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 461",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000136",
    "code": "BI 480",
    "title": "Environmental Science",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "NOTE: Students will not be given credit for both BI-501 and BI-480. An introduction to Earth’s natural systems, including ecosystem structure and function. Topics include human impact on the environment, air and water pollution, global climate change, and sustainability of natural r",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 480",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000137",
    "code": "BI 503",
    "title": "General Epidemiology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "History, principles, and application of epidemiologic methods to analyze public health problems like infectious and non-infectious diseases; incidence, distribution and control of disease in a population; mechanisms of transmission; environmental, behavioral and genetic factors. Students will develop skills to read, interpret and evaluate health information from published epidemiologic studies. Course requirement includes conducting an epidemiological study on a research topic of interest.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000138",
    "code": "BI 505",
    "title": "Current Environmental Issues",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A survey of environmental problems as they pertain to both ecological stability and human health. Focus is on current areas of concern, including air and water pollution, infectious and chronic diseases, environmental, social and behavioral factors related to health. Course content will include seminars, field trips and online assignments. Other topics will include educational and career opportunities in these fields.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000944"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000139",
    "code": "BI 520",
    "title": "Introduction to Public Health",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "A study of how society deals with health and disease; topics in-clude major determinants of health and disease, community health, health care delivery systems and manpower. Selected exercises in physiology and anatomy provide background needed to understand major problems in environmental health and public health. Field observations at nearby community health, environmental, and industrial facilities reinforce these concepts.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000140",
    "code": "BI 521",
    "title": "Public Health Biology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a general survey of basic scientific and biomedical concepts of modern public health problems and explores mechanisms and models of the major categories of disease. It offers biological perspective on public health issues including infectious diseases, vaccines, genetic illnesses, neoplasticprocesses and environmental illnesses. The course content provides an overview of the biological mechanisms of disease prevention and progression and the current research related to public health problems.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000141",
    "code": "BI 522",
    "title": "Applied Biostatistics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This survey course is designed to provide students with basic knowledge and skills to conduct statistical techniques applied to tests and measurements in public health. It will concentrate on the interpretation and comprehension of graphical and statistical techniques that are important components of research and public health practice. Students will be exposed to topics such as vital statistics, and the evaluation of tools to measure health attitudes, knowledge, and behavior. In addition, students will learn to use computer software for statistical analysis.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 522",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000142",
    "code": "BI 526",
    "title": "Field Internship Public Health",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This internship is strongly recommended for students intending to pursue careers in Public Health. Students can earn up to 2 credits to satisfy electives requirements in the Public Health curriculum.Students are placed for internship or field experience in selected governmental or nongovernmental organizations that are involved in advancing the health of communities, including underserved, and global populations through education, research, outreach, and service, both locally, nationally, and globally, through collaborative public health approaches to health promotion and disease prevention and intervention. Students are selected by the adviser for this course on the basis of academic preparation and suitability for the field experience, subject to the availability of the site. This course facilitates valuable work experience and increases knowledge of specific career opportunities. Placements are semester-long (90 hours) and provide the opportunity to observe a public health professional in practice, complete a project that is mutually beneficial to the student and the organization, and synthesize knowledge and skills into public health practice. Course requirements include two mini progress reports, and submission of a final report covering the activities participated in during the experience. The student is also required to submit a timesheet and two supervisor evaluations, one in the middle of the internship and the other at the end. The final grade is determined by the departmental adviser. All internships must be completed before graduation to be included in the student?s degree certification.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 526",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000143",
    "code": "BI 550",
    "title": "Health Sciences Internship",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This internship is strongly recommended for students intending to pursue careers in Environmental Health, Pre-Occupational Therapy, Pre-Physical Therapy, as well as selected other health science fields. Can be used to satisfy the major oncentration but not the basic liberal arts and sciences core, in the A.S. in Liberal Arts and Sciences (Mathematics and Science) curriculum. Students are selected by the adviser for this course on the basis of academic preparation and suitabilityfor the field experience, subject to availability. The field internship supplements classroom theory and laboratory instruction with related professional training without compensation. Students are placed with selected agencies for a minimum of 90 hours. Course requirements include a monthly seminar of at least two hours for the discussion of field assignments, and submission of a final reportcovering the activities participated in during the experience. The final grade is determined by the departmental adviser. Proof of liability insurance may be required. All internships must be completed before graduation to be included in thestudent's degree certification.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 550",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000144",
    "code": "BI 551",
    "title": "Health Sciences Internship",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This internship is strongly recommended for students intending to pursue careers in Environmental Health, Pre-Occupational Therapy, Pre-Physical Therapy, as well as selected other health science fields. Can be used to satisfy the major oncentration but not the basic liberal arts and sciences core, in the A.S. in Liberal Arts and Sciences (Mathematics and Science) curriculum. Students are selected by the adviser for this course on the basis of academic preparation and suitabilityfor the field experience, subject to availability. The field internship supplements classroom theory and laboratory instruction with related professional training without compensation. Students are placed with selected agencies for a minimum of 90 hours. Course requirements include a monthly seminar of at least two hours for the discussion of field assignments, and submission of a final reportcovering the activities participated in during the experience. The final grade is determined by the departmental adviser. Proof of liability insurance may be required. All internships must be completed before graduation to be included in thestudent's degree certification..",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 551",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000145",
    "code": "BI 554",
    "title": "Research Laboratory Internship",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This internship provides an opportunity to learn advanced techniques and gain practical experience working in a modern research laboratory. Students are placed with selected research laboratories for a minimum of 90 hours. Course requirements include submission of a detailed lab notebook and a final report summarizing the activities at the end (exact schedule to be arranged with affiliated lab) of the internship. A final grade will be determined by the internship coordinator based upon the final report, lab notebook, and lab supervisor's evaluation.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 554",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000146",
    "code": "BI 950",
    "title": "Field Exp in Medical Assisting",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Open to matriculated students with a grade-point index of at least 2.0. Students should apply during the semester prior to enrollment so that proper arrangements can be made. These courses may be applied as advised electives or free electives in other curricula.This field experience provides an opportunity for students to become acquainted with areas of medical assisting so that students can make intelligent, informed career choices and decisions. It allows students to gain appropriate practical experience in a doctor's office, health maintenance office, clinic, hospital, or other health-related facility. This can facilitate job acquisition on completion of the various programs in allied health professions. The field experience supplements classroom theory and laboratory instruction with related professional training. Students will be selected by the Field Experience Coordinator on the basis of their academic preparation, their suitability for work experience, and availability of positions. Students meet with the coordinator at least once a week to discuss their progress. A final paper covering activities during the field experience must be submitted, and a written evaluation is requestedfrom the field experience supervisor. A final grade will be determined by the field experience coordinator. Proof of liability insurance may be required. All internships must be completed before graduation to be included in the student's degree certification.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 950",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000147",
    "code": "BI 951",
    "title": "Field Exp in Medical Assisting",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Open to matriculated students with a grade-point index of at least 2.0. Students should apply during the semester prior to enrollment so that proper arrangements can be made. These courses may be applied as advised electives or free electives in other curricula.This field experience provides an opportunity for students to become acquainted with areas of medical assisting so that students can make intelligent, informed career choices and decisions. It allows students to gain appropriate practical experience in a doctor's office, health maintenance office, clinic, hospital, or other health-related facility. This can facilitate job acquisition on completion of the various programs in allied health professions. The field experience supplements classroom theory and laboratory instruction with related professional training. Students will be selected by the Field Experience Coordinator on the basis of their academic preparation, their suitability for work experience, and availability of positions. Students meet with the coordinator at least once a week to discuss their progress. A final paper covering activities during the field experience must be submitted, and a written evaluation is requestedfrom the field experience supervisor. A final grade will be determined by the field experience coordinator. Proof of liability insurance may be required. All internships must be completed before graduation to be included in the student'sdegree certification.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 951",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000148",
    "code": "BI 952",
    "title": "Fld Exp Med Ass",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Open to matriculated students with a grade-point index of at least 2.0. Students should apply during the semester prior to enrollment so that proper arrangements can be made. These courses may be applied as advised electives or free electives in other curricula.This field experience provides an opportunity for students to become acquainted with areas of medical assisting so that students can make intelligent, informed career choices and decisions. It allows students to gain appropriate practical experience in a doctor's office, health maintenance office, clinic, hospital, or other health-related facility. This can facilitate job acquisition on completion of the various programs in allied health professions. The field experience supplements classroom theory and laboratory instruction with related professional training. Students will be selected by the Field Experience Coordinator on the basis of their academic preparation, their suitability for work experience, and availability of positions. Students meet with the coordinator at least once a week to discuss their progress. A final paper covering activities during the field experience must be submitted, and a written evaluation is requestedfrom the field experience supervisor. A final grade will be determined by the field experience coordinator. Proof of liability insurance may be required. All internships must be completed before graduation to be included in the student'sdegree certification.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 952",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000149",
    "code": "BI 961",
    "title": "Phlebotomy Practice",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Phlebotomy practice in a cooperating hospital structured to provide the student with all the competencies required by national professional certification agencies. Proof of liability insurance may be required. All internships must be completed before graduation to be included in the student's degree certification. Enrollment limited. Students will receive a Pass/Fail grade.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 961",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000150",
    "code": "BI 991",
    "title": "Coop Ed in Health Professions",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Can be used to satisfy the major concentration but not the basic liberal arts and sciences core for the A.S. (Mathematics and Science) degree program. Students are selected for employment in a field experience with compensation to the student. Students are placed with selected cooperative employers for a minimum of 90 hours. Course requirements include weekly meetings with the coordinator, submission of weekly progress reports, and a final report covering the activitiesin the experience. The final grade is determined by the cooperative education coordinator, who assigns a grade of Pass or Fail, based on weekly and final reports and field site evaluation. Proof of liability insurance may be required. All internships must be completed before graduation to be included in the student's degree certification.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BI 991",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000151",
    "code": "BTECH 10",
    "title": "Digital Marketing Summer Works",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Digital Marketing Summer Workshop",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BTECH 10",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/btech-10.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000152",
    "code": "BU 101",
    "title": "Principles of Accounting I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Accounting concepts and conventions; accounting tools and techniques, including records and statements; general and special journals; general and subsidiary ledgers; controlling accounts, adjusting and closing entries; worksheets and financial statements; systems and controls (including payroll system).",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 101",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000153",
    "code": "BU 102",
    "title": "Principles of Accounting II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Partnership, corporation, departmental, branch, and manufacturing accounting covering: organization; operations; equity; earnings; dividends; long-term obligations; investments; preparation and analysis of various financial statements, including Statement of Cash Flows; and the use of accounting in the solution of managerial problems and decision-making.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 102",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000154",
    "code": "BU 103",
    "title": "Intermediate Accounting I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Review of basic accounting concepts, procedures, and financial statements, including the Statement of Cash Flows; the principles of accounting applied to special problems involving cash, receivables, inventories, current liabilities, stockholders' equity, including earnings per share.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 103",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000155",
    "code": "BU 104",
    "title": "Intermediate Accounting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The principles of accounting applied to special problems involving tangible fixed assets, intangible assets, pensions, and leases. The nature of long-term investments and long-term liabilities. Mathematical principles and applications. Analysis and interpretation of accounting data including correction of errors.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 104",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000156",
    "code": "BU 108",
    "title": "Income Taxation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Comprehensive analysis of basic income tax principles as they affect individuals, partnerships, and corporations; application of the tax concepts of gross income, adjusted gross income, taxable income, exemptions, deductions, and credits as interpreted under the Internal Revenue Code, regulations, and court decisions; extensive hands-on laboratory practice in preparation of tax returns and forms with professional level software packages; comparison with New York State laws.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 108",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000157",
    "code": "BU 110",
    "title": "Cost Accounting",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "The nature of cost accounting and reporting, concepts and classifications, design and operation of a cost accounting information system. Accounting for material, labor factory overhead. Cost accounting cycles, job order, process, joint and by-product. Budgets, standard cost and variance analysis. Differential and comparative cost analysis, quantitative methods for planning and decision making and profit performance measures.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 110",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000158",
    "code": "BU 111",
    "title": "Comp Applicatns in Accounting",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A review of business applications currently used to enhance the productivity of the accountant. The student is expected to be able to apply new tools, such as electronic spreadsheets, integrated accounting, and data base management, to solve selected business problems through hands-on experience in a microcomputer laboratory.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 111",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000159",
    "code": "BU 198",
    "title": "Business Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding Business transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college, conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 198",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000160",
    "code": "BU 201",
    "title": "Business Org & Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Structure and character of modern business; business and its relationship to other social organizations; how businesses are organized and managed; human factors in business and industry; management and the decision-making process; planning, organizing, programming, and controlling processes; production, financing, and marketing considerations in operation of business enterprises.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 201",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000161",
    "code": "BU 203",
    "title": "Principles of Statistics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to statistical methods and statistical reasoning; nature and scope of statistical inquiries; collection and presentation of data; descriptive methods with particular reference to frequency distributions, correlation, index numbers and time series analysis; elements of probability, sampling methods, sampling error and principles of estimation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 203",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000162",
    "code": "BU 301",
    "title": "Business Law I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A brief survey of: the American legal system; business ethics; the development and application of essential principles of the law of business contracts; constitutional law; criminal law; tort law; intellectual property law; and the study of New York State laws and recent cases.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000929",
      "queensborough-000930"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 301",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000163",
    "code": "BU 401",
    "title": "Elements of Marketing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to introduce students to the fundamental concepts and principles of marketing. It focuses on the methods, policies and institutions involved in the flow of goods and services from the producer to the consumer. Students will consider the processes by which businesses build and maintain vibrant brands with various dynamic social, economic, technological, regulatory and competitive environments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000930"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 401",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000164",
    "code": "BU 402",
    "title": "Marketing Research",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey of basic techniques: formulating research design, data collection, sampling, questionnaire design, interpretation of data, report design, and marketing problems.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 402",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000165",
    "code": "BU 403",
    "title": "Sales Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Techniques of selling, including analyzing products, evaluating customer needs, buying motives, organization and presentation of sales talks, handling objections, closing sales, personal qualifications.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 403",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000166",
    "code": "BU 404",
    "title": "Integrated Marketing Comm",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The objective of this course is to provide students with an overview of the components and considerations involved in the development, coordination, and execution of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) strategies involving a coordinate set of communication tools: advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, personal selling, publicity and public relations, and digital interactive media, social media and internet marketing.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 404",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000167",
    "code": "BU 405",
    "title": "Retailing and Promotion",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey of retailing: type of retail stores; major divisions, their functions and interrelationship; merchandising; promotion; control; operations; personnel.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 405",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000168",
    "code": "BU 408",
    "title": "Digital Marketing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to social media and internet marketing. It is designed to cover an overview of the digital marketing-related concepts and provide students with an introduction to different marketing tools to be used such as email marketing, social media channels, mobile and various issues such as measuring marketing effectiveness, online privacy and security. Students will get an understanding how companies are utilizing digital marketing strategies to interact with customers and improve their engagement.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 408",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000169",
    "code": "BU 600",
    "title": "Business Internships",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Open to business majors in degree programs and to students enrolled in the Medical Assistant A.A.S. and the Medical Office Certificate curricula. Students planning to register for the internship should contact the Business Department Internship Faculty Coordinator and should have a minimum 2.5 cumulative GPA and 30 credits or more or permission of the department The internship experience in business includes employment in a field that supplements classroom learning. Students will be assisted with their search for an internship and are required to work a minimum of 135 hours during the semester. Students participate in seminars and submit a final paper related to their work experience. A written evaluation from the employer may be required. Students receive a grade of pass or fail.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 600",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000170",
    "code": "BU 701",
    "title": "Principles of Finance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Principles of money and banking; development of money and credit system; U.S. monetary history; American banking institutions, including policies and operations of Federal Reserve system; monetary and fiscal policies; inflation and international monetary institutions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000930"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 701",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000171",
    "code": "BU 801",
    "title": "Typewriting/Keyboarding",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The techniques of touch typewriting/keyboarding are introduced. Students develop the ability to format letters, tables, memoranda, and reports. They learn how to follow instructions and acquire good work habits. Emphasis is on accuracy, speed, and aesthetic arrangement of material used in office situations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 801",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000172",
    "code": "BU 804",
    "title": "Admin Office Procedures",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Critical thinking/problem-solving techniques and skills required of an administrative assistant will be improved through simulated office assignments. Communication, interviewing and human relations skills will be developed. Students will learn to use Microsoft Outlook, an integrated desktop information management program, to sharpen administrative skills while preparingdocuments such as scheduling, itineraries, accounting records, and their own resumes.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 804",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000173",
    "code": "BU 812",
    "title": "Transcription & Dictation",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Through the use of audio and word processing software, students will transcribe business documents that are used in corporate, government, and professional environments. Students will become familiar with business terminology used in the fields of advertising, education, real estate, accounting, banking, insurance, engineering, entertainment, marketing, travel, medicine, and law",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/BU 812",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000174",
    "code": "BU 850",
    "title": "Fund of Microsoft Windows",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course covers the features of Microsoft Windows for office applications. Desktop, file, program and printer management are included. The Windows accessory programs and the system files will be presented.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000175",
    "code": "BU 859",
    "title": "Corresponding in Digital World",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to enhance the software and communication skills of students whose objective is to enter the business environment. This professional business computerized correspondence course will focus on the communication skills that are necessary to compete in the highly digitized world of contemporary business. This course will provide the skills in information literacy, independent research, effective business writing, grammar mechanics, and composing text in traditional formats and new media digital platforms.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000176",
    "code": "BU 860",
    "title": "Prof Bus Career Dev & Virt Off",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to prepare students for the transition to a professional and business environment. Topics include assisting students in the decision-making process, their business career skills, and employability. Students will gain knowledge and valuable skills that will help them to market themselves to potential employers and to prepare themselves to enter the business and virtual environment",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000177",
    "code": "BU 903",
    "title": "Medical Office Procedures",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Designed to acquaint the student with the routines of a doctor's office, including medical records, financial records, correspondence, case histories, medical articles, appointment scheduling, and filing methods. The student will acquire a basic knowledge of medical terminology along with practical applications.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000178",
    "code": "BU 906",
    "title": "Advanced Microsoft Office",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will use the advanced features of Microsoft Office Professional to produce business reports and manuscripts. Through these projects, students will demonstrate their mastery of using word processing, designing worksheets, developing databases and presenting this information in a slide show. The techniques of using the Internet (World Wide Web) as a research and business tool will also be covered. Note:",
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    "id": "queensborough-000179",
    "code": "BU 907",
    "title": "Word Processing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course develops mastery of word processing software. Emphasis is placed on the creation, design, development, and analysis of complex Microsoft Word documents for business, professional, and academic environments.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000180",
    "code": "BU 916",
    "title": "Medical Coding and Billing I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will learn current coding systems for medical diagnoses and procedures, using the current edition of a coding or classification system such as the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) or Current Procedural Terminology (CPT). Coders may abstract information from a patient record to assign the correct codes(s).",
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    "id": "queensborough-000181",
    "code": "BU 917",
    "title": "Healthcare Info Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the development, evolution and use of healthcare information technology in the healthcare industry. It is also designed to show how healthcare information management professionals serve the patient, physician, and the public by using the highest ethical standards to manage healthcare information through the use of both database software and paper formats.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000182",
    "code": "BU 918",
    "title": "Medical Coding and Billing II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This class builds on the coding and billing procedures learned in Billing and Coding I, focusing on teaching the student how to enhance reimbursement in today's healthcare environment. Using current ICD and CPT coding system resources, students will learn in depth coding systems for medical procedures and diagnoses. Lab work will include working directly with complex medical records, using steps to assure third party approval for recommended treatments/procedures and responding to and appealing insurance denials.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000183",
    "code": "CD 100",
    "title": "College Discovery Seminar",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This course is designed to address the needs of newly admitted College Discovery students. The course explores topics that focus on CD policies and procedures and provides students with a clearer understanding of program requirements and expectations.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000184",
    "code": "CD 101",
    "title": "Exploring Strategies for Stud",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Through a series of special workshop topics, this course presents students with a range of options for achieving personal and academic success. The goal of the course is to help foster student participation, promote and encourage involvement in all aspects of a student’s life, in college and beyond. By presenting a series topics in a workshop format, students will explore collaboratively such topics as, Financial Fitness, Making the Dean’s List, Developing Proper Study Skills, Understanding College Technology, Scholarship Opportunities and more.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000185",
    "code": "CDSK 101",
    "title": "CD/SEEK Summer Program",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Through the College Discovery Summer Program or College Discovery Summer Experience students are informed about essential academic policy and procedures and learn academic and personal success skills. Through a variety of workshops students will develop a relationship with a College Discovery counselor and build community with other CD/SEEK students.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000186",
    "code": "CFELA 10",
    "title": "College Focus ELA",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "The College Focus: Reading and Writing course has been designed to prepare high school seniors for an introductory college-level course, as well as for the CUNY placement exams in reading and writing. It is offered to students who, based on their Regents and/or SAT scores, are on-track for high school graduation but are not qualified for college-level work. Without an early intervention, they are likely to need remedial education at CUNY. By asking the question, \"Why Do People Do What They Do?\" and reading nonfiction texts which strive to answer this question through the discipline of psychology, students will become active and engaged readers as well as stronger critical thinkers. Working within a Psychology framework, students improve their reading comprehension and critical writing skills. At the end of the 60-hour course, students take the CUNY Assessment Tests in Reading and Writing to determine eligibility for credit-bearing college courses.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000187",
    "code": "CFELA 11",
    "title": "College Focus ELA",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "30 hours of instruction for students who did not pass the Accuplacer or CAT-W after taking the 60 hour CFELA_10 course but scored at least a 42 on CAT-W. Students who received a 68-74 on the NYS ELA Regents may also be eligible for this intensive Bootcamp.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000188",
    "code": "CFMAT 10",
    "title": "College Focus Mathematics",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "The College Focus: Mathematics course has been designed to prepare high school seniors for an introductory-level College Math course as well as for the CUNY placement exam in Math (the COMPASS Exam). The course is offered to students who, based on their Regents and/or SAT scores, are on-track for high school graduation but are not qualified for college-level mathematics. Without an early intervention, they are likely to need remedial education at CUNY. Topics include fundamental mathematical concepts such as algebraic and linear equations, ratio and proportions, and geometric concepts. At the end of the 60-hour course, students take the CUNY COMPASS Exam to determine placement into credit-bearing college courses.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000189",
    "code": "CFMAT 11",
    "title": "College Focus Mathematics",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "24 hour of instruction for students who did not pass the Accuplacer in math after taking the 60 hour CFMAT_10 course but scored at least a 40 on the Accuplacer. Students who received a 68-79 on any math regents or 62-69 on the Common Core Regents may also be eligible for this intensive Bootcamp.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000190",
    "code": "CH 101",
    "title": "Living in A Chemical World",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, the role of chemistry in everyday processes is highlighted and discussed. Topics covered include: the chemistry of food and medicines, vitamins and minerals, water and air, household products and fuels. The approach is non-mathematical and strives towards making chemistry stimulating and relevant to daily life. The goal is to introduce the applied aspects of chemistry to non-science majors, explain the world we live in, and to aid students to become more educated consumers and citizens.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000191",
    "code": "CH 102",
    "title": "Living in a Chemical World Lab",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This laboratory course must be taken with CH-101 (Living in a Chemical World lecture). The role of chemistry in everyday life is highlighted and explored. Basic experimental design and analysis are studied. Methods are introduced for the analysis of food, medicines, and household products. Laboratory techniques such as synthesis, titrations, chromatography, use of the spectrophotometer, and Geiger- Muller counter are employed.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000924"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000192",
    "code": "CH 106",
    "title": "Chemistry and the Arts",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course offers a general background in the connections between chemistry and the arts. Topics include light absorption and reflection; the nature of color; additive and subtractive color mixing; separation of mixtures; properties of paints and pigments; preservation and authentication of art objects; common chemical hazards; and the principles of photography. The laboratory component applies chemical theory and techniques to practices involved in creating works of art. Students use modern laboratory instrumentation and methods such as chromatography to make and examine materials used in art.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000925",
      "queensborough-000927",
      "queensborough-000967"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000193",
    "code": "CH 110",
    "title": "Chemistry and the Environment",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the role of chemistry in current environmental topics of interest to all citizens. Topics covered include: Green Chemistry, Acid Rain, Destruction of Ozone layer, Greenhouse effect and Global Warming, Traditional and Alternative Energy sources, Air, Water and Land Pollution sources, effects, detection and control/prevention. There is great emphasis on the importance of practicing green chemistry in order to achieve a sustainable civilization.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000194",
    "code": "CH 111",
    "title": "Chemistry & Environment Lab",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "An environmental chemistry laboratory course which must be taken with CH-110 (Chemistry and the Environment lecture). The role of chemistry in environmental processes is highlighted and explored. Basic experimental design and analysis are studied. Methods are introduced for the determination of some aspects of air and water quality. Laboratory techniques such as titrations, chromatography, use of the spectrophotometer, and Geiger- Muller counter are employed in pollutant determinations.",
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    "program_ids": [
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000195",
    "code": "CH 127",
    "title": "Introductory General Chemistry",
    "credits": 4.5,
    "hours": 4.5,
    "description": "This course is the first semester of a two-semester sequence intended to provide students with basic knowledge of general chemistry. The second semester introduces organic chemistry (CH-128). Topics include units of measurement and dimensional analysis, elements and compounds, atomic structure, chemical bonding and chemical reactions, properties of solutions and chemical equilibrium, acid-base chemistry, physical states and gas laws, intra- and intermolecular forces, and nuclear chemistry. In the laboratory component, students apply the scientific method to explore natural phenomena using basic experimental techniques.The course is a requirement for the B.S. or B.A. in Nursing, Nutrition, and other Allied Health Professions. It also satisfies the laboratory science requirement for the A.S. in Health Sciences, A.A. in Liberal Arts and Sciences (non-science concentration) and other non-science majors. This course is not open to students who have completed CH-151, CH-152, CH-251, and CH-252.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000946",
      "queensborough-000956",
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      "queensborough-000959"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000196",
    "code": "CH 128",
    "title": "Introductory Organic Chemistry",
    "credits": 4.5,
    "hours": 4.5,
    "description": "This course is not open to students who have completed CH-251. Recommended for students in Nursing, and others planning to pursue careers in Allied Health curricula, including those in the Medical Laboratory Technology program. May not be substituted for CH-251, but may be used as preparation for CH-251. Topics include the structure, properties, and reactions of organic functional groups, optical isomerism, stero-chemistry, macro-molecules, and bio-molecules, such as fats, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000197",
    "code": "CH 151",
    "title": "General Chemistry I",
    "credits": 4.5,
    "hours": 4.5,
    "description": "This course is the first part of a two-semester sequence that provides students with a fundamental knowledge of the modern theory in general and inorganic chemistry. It covers topics that are essential to many disciplines in science and technology, and the health professions, with an emphasis on developing problem-solving skills. Topics include matter and energy; chemical nomenclature; mass relationships and stoichiometry; reactions in aqueous solutions; gas laws and kinetic molecular theory; atomic structure and quantum theory; periodicity of elements; chemical bonding and molecular structure; states of matter and intermolecular forces; properties of solutions; and colligative properties. Laboratory work provides training in common experimental methods and hands-on application of theory. The students in Honors classes will attend scientific seminars and write a short paper.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000946",
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      "queensborough-000965"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000198",
    "code": "CH 152",
    "title": "General Chemistry II",
    "credits": 4.5,
    "hours": 4.5,
    "description": "This course is the second part of a two-semester sequence that provides students with a fundamental knowledge of the modern theory in general and inorganic chemistry. It covers topics that are essential to many disciplines in science and technology, and the health professions, with an emphasis on developing problem-solving skills. Topics include enthalpy, entropy, and free energy; chemical kinetics; chemical equilibrium in gaseous and aqueous systems; properties and equilibria of acids and bases; buffers and acid-base titrations; solubility and complex ion equilibria; qualitative analysis; electrochemistry and redox reactions; and an introduction to nuclear chemistry. Laboratory work provides training in common experimental methods and hands-on application of theory. The students in Honors classes will give 10-15 minute oral presentations on topics and concepts chosen from the course material. This course makes extensive use of computers and requires the development of scientific communication skills.",
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      "queensborough-000949"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000199",
    "code": "CH 198",
    "title": "Chemistry  Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding non-liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit in the Department of Chemistry to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college, conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000200",
    "code": "CH 199",
    "title": "Chemistry Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Chemistry to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000201",
    "code": "CH 251",
    "title": "Organic Chemistry I",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "The relationship between structure and properties of organic compounds discussed, with emphasis on reaction mechanisms, stereochemistry, and synthesis. Laboratory work involves preparation, isolation, and identification of organic compounds.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000202",
    "code": "CH 252",
    "title": "Organic Chemistry II",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "A sequel to CH-251; this course develops the relationship between properties and structure of organic compounds in greater detail. In addition, current syntheses, modern mechanisms of organic reactions, and spectroscopic identification ofcompounds are discussed. The main families of organic compounds of biochemical interest and their typical reactions are studied. Laboratory work involves the synthesis, purification, and identification of organic compounds, as well as organic qualitative analysis including IR spectroscopy.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000203",
    "code": "CH 900",
    "title": "Coop Ed Chem Instrum Analysis",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Students will be trained in modern chemical methods and techniques and will gain practical internship or employment experience in partnership with an outside agency. Projects will be developed in collaboration with a supervisor at the off-campus site. Students will meet with a faculty coordinator from the Chemistry Department at least once per month to discuss their progress. Students will present their work at the end of the semester. They will be evaluated by their supervisor and the faculty coordinator will assign a grade of pass or fail. This course can be applied towards the Major Elective requirement for the Liberal Arts and Sciences (Mathematics and Science) A.S. degree program.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000204",
    "code": "CH 901",
    "title": "Coop Ed Chem Instrum Analysis",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Students will be selected by the coordinator of the Cooperative Education program on the basis of their academic background and the availability of positions. Students should apply for this course in the semester preceding the one in which they plan to take it so that proper arrangements can be made. These courses can be used either as free electives in all curricula, or as part of the concentrationin the A.S. in Liberal Arts and Science (Mathematics and Science ) degree program.These courses provide an opportunity for a student to learn modern instrumental techniques, and to gain practical experience working in a professionalchemistry laboratory. Students will meet with the coordinator at least once a month to discuss their work. An evaluation will be submitted by the supervisor in the laboratory to which the student has been assigned. A final grade of Pass or Fail willbe awarded by the Cooperative Education Coordinator.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000205",
    "code": "CH 911",
    "title": "Independent Study & Research I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "During the first semester students are introduced to the basic concept of research combined with gaining practical experience with modern instrumental techniques such as NMR, IR, UV-Vis, SEM, HPLC, or X-ray fluorescence. Students meet with their faculty as necessary to discuss progress of their research. A minimum of 45 hours of work and submission of a paper that summarizes their work at the end of the semester are required. Students are also required to make a presentation in the fall semester; spring semester students will present at one or more of the following conferences: National American Chemical Society (ACS), Mid-Atlantic Regional Meeting (MARM), Undergraduate Research Symposium (URS), the Honors Conference at QCC, or any other related conference. Students may only register for one credit of research per semester.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CH 911",
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    "id": "queensborough-000206",
    "code": "CH 912",
    "title": "Independent Study & Research I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The second semester is intended for students to continue with their research project and acquire more experience with modern instrumental techniques NMR, IR, UV-Vis, SEM, HPLC, or X-ray fluorescence. Students meet with their faculty as necessary to discuss progress of their research. A minimum of 45 hours of work and submission of a paper that summarizes their work at the end of the semester are required. Students are also required to make a presentation in the fall semester; spring semester students will present at one or more of the following conferences: National American Chemical Society (ACS), Mid-Atlantic Regional Meeting (MARM), Undergraduate Research Symposium (URS), the Honors Conference at QCC, or any other related conference. Students may only register for one credit of research per semester.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000207",
    "code": "CH 913",
    "title": "Independent Study & Resrch II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is intended for students to continue their research projects independently and integrate the modern instrumental techniques such as NMR, IR, UV-Vis, SEM, HPLC, or X-ray fluorescence. Students meet with their faculty as necessary to discuss progress of their research. A minimum of 45 hours of work and submission of a paper that summarizes their work at the end of the semester are required. Students are also required to make a presentation in the fall semester; spring semester students will present at one or more of the following conferences: National American Chemical Society (ACS), Mid-Atlantic Regional Meeting (MARM), Undergraduate Research Symposium (URS), the Honors Conference at QCC, or any other related conference. Students may only register for one credit of research per semester.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000208",
    "code": "CH 914",
    "title": "Independent Study & Resrch II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is intended for students to continue their research projects independently and apply the modern instrumental techniques such as NMR, IR, UV-Vis, SEM, HPLC, or X-ray fluorescence. Students meet with their faculty as necessary to discuss progress of their research. A minimum of 45 hours of work and submission of a paper that summarizes their work at the end of the semester are required. Students are also required to make a presentation in the fall semester; spring semester students will present at one or more of the following conferences: National American Chemical Society (ACS), Mid-Atlantic Regional Meeting (MARM), Undergraduate Research Symposium (URS), the Honors Conference at QCC, or any other related conference. Students may only register for one credit of research per semester.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000209",
    "code": "CIS 101",
    "title": "Intro Computing & App Info Sys",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to the fundamentals of information systems and computers use in business and society, including elements of problem-solving and concepts of basic productivity, decision support, data analysis and database software. Solutions to practical business, ethical and social problems are explored through the use of various information systems.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 101",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000210",
    "code": "CIS 102",
    "title": "Comp Prog Fund for Business",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to algorithmic thinking, problem solving and computer fundamental programming for business applications. Use of hierarchy chart development, flowcharting, pseudo-code and computer language statements for program development. A current computer programming language i.e. (Python) will be utilized for hands-on experience in developing, writing, running and debugging computer code.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 102",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000211",
    "code": "CIS 152",
    "title": "Computer Programming for Bus I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to algorithm development and computer programming for business applications in higher-level languages. Problem-solving and hierarchy chart development; flow charting and pseudo code fundamentals. Input and output statements, conditional and unconditional control.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 152",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000212",
    "code": "CIS 153",
    "title": "Operating Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an in-depth coverage of computer operating system concepts through the use of discussions and hands-on lab projects using multiple operating systems. Topics include operating systems history; user accounts; graphical user interface; data structure and organization; customization; disk storage concepts; hardware and software interaction; file systems; shortcuts; backup and recovery;computer security; utilities; disk optimization; system performance; scripting; system restoration and troubleshooting.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 153",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000213",
    "code": "CIS 155",
    "title": "Data Analytics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction on how to analyze data from a wide variety of sources using programming techniques. Among the topics included are data cleansing, combining data from multiple sources, and reshaping data into a form suitable as input to data-summarization operations for visualization, modeling, and analysis. Students will gain the understanding and techniques for tidying data, preparing data, and data wrangling and apply those techniques to answer business questions via modeling and visualization.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 155",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000214",
    "code": "CIS 156",
    "title": "Data Visualization",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction and hands-on experience in basic data visualization, visual analytics, and visual data storytelling. It introduces students to design principles for creating meaningful displays of quantitative and qualitative data to facilitate managerial decision-making in the field of business analytics. Topics cover the visual analytics process from beginning to end--from collecting, preparing, and analyzing data to creating data visualizations, dashboards, and stories that share critical business insights. Students will leverage the analytical capabilities of industry leading visualization tools.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 156",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000215",
    "code": "CIS 201",
    "title": "Local Area Network Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to Local Area Network configurations, components, and software. Students develop hands-on experience using Novell Netware to link data files, applications programs, peripheral devices, and other resources. Designed to prepare students for career opportunities in the growing field of computer communications.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 201",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000216",
    "code": "CIS 204",
    "title": "Web Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces web page design principles and concepts and provides practical experience utilizing web page authoring software. Scripting programming languages are employed for data manipulation and interactivity. Students are prepared for developing business applications deployed onthe internet utilizing hands-on lab exercises and projects to apply these techniques.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 204",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000217",
    "code": "CIS 205",
    "title": "Intro to Info Sys & Tech",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to how today's businesses use ever-changing technology to operate, compete, and do business. Students will learn the differences between major types of hardware, software, and network solutions that meet business needs. Students will demonstrate competency in information technology and apply such technology. Students will learn why familiarity with today's information systems has become indispensable for tomorrow's business leaders due to the rapid developments in information technology.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 205",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000218",
    "code": "CIS 206",
    "title": "Spreadsheet Busn App & Data An",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will apply spreadsheet and data analytics concepts to solve real-world business problems, examine alternative solutions, and implement them using software and programming. Topics include spreadsheet design, efficient/effective data validation, computational analysis, decision support, data visualization, infographics, business reporting, macros, advanced statistical, financial, and database functions, use of data tables, logical functions and formulas, lookuptables, and programming for analytics.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 206",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000219",
    "code": "CIS 208",
    "title": "Database Management Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this course, students will learn database management system concepts, apply them to practical business situations and develop solutions using database software. Emphasis is on relational database design and implementation. Topics include creation of database objects for data storage, retrieval and analysis, table structures and relationships using primary and foreign keys, object dependencies, and importing and exporting of data. Additional topics to be discussed are the formation of complex queries using SQL (Structured Query Language), joins, indexing, as well as automating repetitive procedures with the use of macros.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 208",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000220",
    "code": "CIS 210",
    "title": "Marketing Analytics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to data analytics as it is used in Marketing. Students will learn how to use various information systems and software tools to collect and analyze data and create infographics for marketing decision support including: search engine optimization, multimedia optimization, ad revenue optimization, social media, e-mail and ad campaign optimization. Students will also learn the basics of regression analysis and how neural networks and several different machine learning techniques are applied in price prediction modeling, customer satisfaction analysis, campaign analysis, market segmentation analysis, and market basket analysis.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 210",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000221",
    "code": "CIS 211",
    "title": "Data Mining/Business Analytics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to data mining methods for business analytics, covering approaches such as linear and logistic regression, neural networks, bagging and boosting, and business specific procedures such as social network analysis and text mining. The student will learn to use relevant tools for gaining business intelligence through data mining.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 211",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000222",
    "code": "CIS 251",
    "title": "Analysis and Design of Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students use all previously learned computer information systems concepts and techniques in this capstone laboratory course to design and implement an original, comprehensive software system to solve a practical business need, such as payroll, inventory management, accounts receivable, and management information systems. Development of the application will be accomplished concurrently with the study of the phases of Systems Analysis and Design. Students will also prepare detailed user and technical manuals to accompany their system.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 251",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000223",
    "code": "CIS 254",
    "title": "Data Security for Business",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to basic information security and cybersecurity principles expected within business settings and also beneficial for personal data security awareness. Students will learn how to protect information, computers and networks from attacks by means of case studies, discussions, and hands-on lab projects. Topics covered include malware, social engineering, application and networking attacks; data, computer, application and network security; cryptography; access control fundamentals; authentication and account management; and business continuity.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 254",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000224",
    "code": "CIS 255",
    "title": "Data Analytics Capstone",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will engage in an industry-based project with an emphasis on real-world problem-solving utilizing acquired skills in data analysis, data mining, and data visualization. Students will be assisted with identifying a project.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CIS 255",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000225",
    "code": "CLIP 100",
    "title": "Pre-CLIP",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Pre-CLIP",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CLIP 100",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000226",
    "code": "CLIP 101",
    "title": "CLIP College Knowledge Seminar",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "The CLIP College Knowledge Seminar is a required program component for all CLIP students at QCC. The CLIP College Knowledge Seminar is designed to help CLIP students develop the knowledge and skills they will need to succeed as matriculated students upon completion of CLIP. Seminar topics include accessing campus resources, planning first-year courses, understanding benefits of different special programs, filing for financial aid and making a plan to pay for college.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CLIP 101",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000227",
    "code": "CLIP 101S",
    "title": "CLIP College Knowledge Seminar",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "The CLIP College Knowledge Seminar is a required program component for all CLIP students at QCC. The CLIP College Knowledge Seminar is designed to help CLIP students develop the knowledge and skills they will need to succeed as matriculated students upon completion of CLIP. Seminar topics include accessing campus resources, planning first-year courses, understanding benefits of different special programs, filing for financial aid and making a plan to pay for college. (Summer)",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CLIP 101S",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000228",
    "code": "CN 8",
    "title": "Successful College",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Successful College",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CN 8",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000229",
    "code": "CN 71",
    "title": "College-Prep Reading & Writing",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This course is intended for English language learners (ELL) who are at a high intermediate/advanced of proficiency in English but need more practice to develop their academic language proficiency and college-level reading and writing skills via ESL pedagogy. The readings in this course include excerpts from newspapers and magazines, poetry, plays, and fiction. Writing assignments will focus on paragraph development and essay organization. Students will also further refine specific skills necessary to succeed on the ELA regents, the CUNY CATW, or equivalent CUNY reading and writing placement test.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CN 71",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000230",
    "code": "CN 72",
    "title": "Enhanced College-Prep Lang Art",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Open to high school sophomores, juniors, and seniors who have attained a minimum score of 55 and a maximum score of 74 on the English Language Arts Regents, or if not yet taken, a minimum score of 39 on the PSAT, or if not yet taken, a minimum grade of 65 in English 4 and 5. A course for students who would like to improve the language arts skills they will need to succeed in college-level study. Emphasis is on basic language arts such as critical reading, vocabulary, the writing process, rhetoric, grammar and mechanics, and test-taking skills.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000231",
    "code": "CONM 111",
    "title": "Construction Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to construction project management. The construction process, bidding and awards, scheduling and planning, codes and standards, and safety.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CONM 111",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000232",
    "code": "CONM 241",
    "title": "Construction Cost Analysis",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the analysis of labor and material costs and forecasting. Students are introduced to methods of estimating, development of bids, quality assurance, contracts and ethics. Extensive case study analysis is conducted. Students will develop a complete bid package and formally present and defend it.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CONM 241",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000233",
    "code": "CONM 248",
    "title": "Foundations and Structures",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to soil mechanics, foundation and earth structures. Soil classification, soil properties, soil stresses, earth pressures, bearing capacity, and slope stability. Principles of foundation analysis, design of retaining walls. Students conduct laboratory experiments to test soil behavior.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CONM 248",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000234",
    "code": "COPT 1000",
    "title": "Pathways College Option",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Pathways College Option",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/COPT 1000",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000235",
    "code": "CRIM 101",
    "title": "Intro Amer Criminal Justice",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introductory survey of the American criminal justice system with a view to its social and institutional context, and its structure and functioning. The course provides an overview of the foundations and components of the criminal justice system, including (substantive and procedural) criminal law, police, courts and corrections. The main emphasis will be placed on the criminal justice process, and how the various institutions of criminal justice interact. Key issues will be addressed as they arise at different stages of the process, such as the conflict between crime control and due process, and conflicts related to, for example, gender, class and ethnicity. This course will satisfy the Social Sciences elective requirement for all QCC degree programs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000936",
      "queensborough-000947"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CRIM 101",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000236",
    "code": "CRIM 106",
    "title": "Intro to Criminal Justice Res",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is an entry level course designed to provide an introduction to criminal justice research by familiarizing students with current issues, techniques and evaluation of current criminal justice research. The course will provide an overview of the various approaches to criminal justice research as well as an overview of the philosophy of science and research ethics, research design issues including defining a research problems and development of relevant hypothesis, defining and measuring variables of interest, and methods of data collection.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CRIM 106",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000237",
    "code": "CRIM 198",
    "title": "Crim Justice Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Criminal Justice Non-Liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CRIM 198",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000238",
    "code": "CRIM 199",
    "title": "Criminal Justice Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CRIM 199",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000239",
    "code": "CRIM 201",
    "title": "Policing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A survey of the history, roles, and policies of law enforcement agencies. Focuses on contemporary issues in the field of law enforcement. This course does not fulfill the Social Sciences elective requirement for QCC degree programs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000934"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CRIM 201",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000240",
    "code": "CRIM 202",
    "title": "Corrections and Sentencing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the policies and practices of correctional institutions. Reviews the history of corrections and the functions of various types of correctional agencies. Considers important controversies and major trends in contemporary correctional practice. This course does not fulfill the Social Sciences elective requirement for QCC degree programs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CRIM 202",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/crim-202.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000241",
    "code": "CRIM 203",
    "title": "Criminal Law",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A comprehensive analysis of criminal law and its administration, with emphasis on legislation and judicial interpretations of the criminal code. This course does not fulfill the Social Sciences elective requirement for QCC degree programs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CRIM 203",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000242",
    "code": "CRIM 204",
    "title": "Crime & Justice in Urban Commu",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on issues that arise in urban settings regarding crime and criminal justice. Major topics include the characteristics of urban settings that affect crime, solutions to crime in urban settings, and the social policy implications of urban crime and justice. This course does not fulfill the Social Scienceselective requirement for QCC degree programs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000934"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CRIM 204",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000243",
    "code": "CRIM 205",
    "title": "Criminology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the study of crime. Focuses on theories and research concerning the nature, causes, treatment and prevention of crime. This course will satisfy the Social Sciences elective requirement for QCC degree programs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CRIM 205",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000244",
    "code": "CS 100",
    "title": "Intro Computers & Programming",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Project-based approach to the introduction of programming using a high-level language.Topics illustrate the use of computers in society with projects inspired from: mathematics, physics, statistics, word and image processing, biology, and political science.Covered concepts: objects (including lists, strings), input and output, selective control, iterative control, functions, and modules.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CS 100",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000245",
    "code": "CS 101",
    "title": "Algorithmic Problem Solving I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Primitive data types; single and multidimensional arrays; strings; control structures; basic I/O; subprograms and parameter passing; references; scope; introduction to recursion; designing, coding, debugging and documenting programs in a high level language. Must also take 2 hour lab.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000949"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CS 101",
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    "id": "queensborough-000246",
    "code": "CS 102",
    "title": "Spreadsheet Program w MS Excel",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to the organization, processing, and analysis of data through programmed spreadsheets, as would apply to data science and related mathematical concepts. Topics include: cell operations, text manipulation, formulas, functions, arrays, charting techniques, pivot tables, conditional formatting, and VBA programming, as they relate to data science.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CS 102",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000247",
    "code": "CS 103",
    "title": "Relational Databases with SQL",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Principles of relational databases; data manipulation using SQL queries, as would apply to data science and related mathematical concepts: selection, insertion and deletion, aggregates, joins, views, integrity constraints, triggers; table management; database design. Emphasis is on the writing of SQL queries and PL/SQL scripts in a scalable, cross-platform, and client-server database systems (such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, or Oracle) with an understanding of the mathematical underpinnings.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CS 103",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000248",
    "code": "CS 105",
    "title": "Topics in Computer Science",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Intended for students who wish to investigate, in an individual manner, a topic chosen from an introduction to programming and/or computer science course. Each student works individually with a faculty member and is assigned readings and problems in his/her chosen topic. Formal meetings occur at least once a week depending on the student’s needs, and the student’s grade is determined both by the problems assigned and a final examination. (Pre-requisite: Department permission)",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CS 105",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000249",
    "code": "CS 198",
    "title": "Comp Sci Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Mathematics & Computer Science Non-liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CS 198",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000250",
    "code": "CS 199",
    "title": "Computer Science Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Computer Science Liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CS 199",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000251",
    "code": "CS 201",
    "title": "Comp Org & Assem Lang",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Principles of computer design and implementation. Instruction set architecture and register transfer level execution; storage formats; binary data encoding; bus structures; assembly language programming Must also take 2 hour lab.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000949"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CS 201",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000252",
    "code": "CS 203",
    "title": "Algorithmic Prob Solv II C++",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "User defined data types, pointers and linked lists, ADT's, stacks, queues, recursion, searching and simple sorting, elementary memory management. Object oriented problem solving.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000949"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CS 203",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000253",
    "code": "CS 204",
    "title": "Algorithmic Probl Solv II JAVA",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Object-oriented algorithmic problem solving in Java; elements of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) and event driven programming; exception handling; inheritance and polymorphism; searching and sorting; recursion; linked lists, stacks, and queues; file processing; testing and debugging.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000949"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CS 204",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000254",
    "code": "CST 101",
    "title": "CUNY Start College Success Sem",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "CUNY Start College Success Seminar is required of all CUNY Start and Math Start students. CUNY Start College Success Seminar is designed to help students develop knowledge and skills to prepare to survive and thrive in CUNY Start and through college. Seminar lessons include accessing important campus resources (financial aid, health services, library, ASAP, etc), developing a plan to pay for college, exploring academic and personal interests and how they translate into career paths, and developing an academic plan for the first semester of college.1.5 hours per week for 6 weeks in the summer, 1.5 hours per week for 12 weeks in the fall and spring semesters",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CST 101",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/cst-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000255",
    "code": "CST 102",
    "title": "Math Start College Success Sem",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Math Start College Success Seminar is required of all Math Start students. Math College Success Seminar is designed to help students develop knowledge and skills to prepare to survive and thrive in Math Start and through college. Seminar lessons include accessing important campus resources (financial aid, health services, library, ASAP, etc), developing a plan to pay for college, exploring academic and personal interests and how they translate into career paths, and developing an academic plan for the first semester of college. 1.5 hours per week for 6 to 8 weeks.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CST 102",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/cst-102",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/cst-102.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000256",
    "code": "CST 103",
    "title": "English Start College Success",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "English Start College Success Seminar is required of all students enrolled in English Start. English Start College Success Seminar is designed to help students develop knowledge and skills to prepare to survive and thrive in English Start and through college. Seminar lessons include accessing important campus resources (financial aid, health services, library, ASAP, etc), developing a plan to pay for college, and exploring academic and personal interests and how they translate into career paths. 1.5 hours per week for 6 to 8 weeks.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CST 103",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/cst-103.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000257",
    "code": "CST 110",
    "title": "Career Start",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Career Start provides a structured opportunity for current and recent CUNY Start students to engage in career and program exploration. Over a series of 20 hours of workshops and seminars, students will engage with staff, faculty, and alumni to identify opportunities to advance their own academic and professional development. Students will create a professional presentation incorporating key lessons and reflections from the program.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CST 110",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000258",
    "code": "CST 201",
    "title": "CUNY Start Boost Workshop",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "The CUNY Start Boost Workshop is offered to former CUNY Start students who have successfully completed a CUNY Start Math or Math Start program and who are preparing to enter a gateway college algebra course. The Boost Workshop provides additional exposure to concepts typically introduced in the first few weeks of college algebra courses, giving students the opportunity to bridge from CUNY Start to their anticipated algebra course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/CST 201",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/cst-201",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/cst-201.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000259",
    "code": "DAN 100",
    "title": "Beginning Modern Dance",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course introduces the student to various modern dance techniques including those of Merce Cunningham, Martha Graham, Jose Limon, Paul Taylor and Alvin Ailey. This is a participatory learining experience with an emphasis on learning through movement.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000927",
      "queensborough-000928",
      "queensborough-000931",
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 100",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-100",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-100.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000260",
    "code": "DAN 101",
    "title": "Beginning Ballet",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "An introduction to classical ballet for the beginning student or the student who wishes to refresh his/her skills. A traditional barre will be followed by center work and movement through space.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 101",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-101",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000261",
    "code": "DAN 103",
    "title": "African and Afro-Caribbean Dan",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Designed to instruct the student in the historic rituals of African and Afro-Caribbean dance, this course blends history with movement.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 103",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-103",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-103.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000262",
    "code": "DAN 105",
    "title": "Music Video Dance",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A movement course designed to give students training in video dance skills including hip-hop. Course work includes training in video choreography.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 105",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-105",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-105.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000263",
    "code": "DAN 106",
    "title": "Latin Dance",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course will familiarize the student with basic Latin dance techniques. The cultural significance of each dance will be highlighted.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 106",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-106",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-106.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000264",
    "code": "DAN 110",
    "title": "Foundations of Dance Movement",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Does not fulfill the physical education requirement for any curriculum. Dance Foundations focuses on tools and information needed to succeed in dance. The course will consist of readings, class discussions, observation and discussion of videos and live performances, and movement classes in Somatics. We will discuss how to think like a dancer and how to make both life choices and dance choices that will facilitate a career in dance. The objective is to prepare you for what you might encounter as a dancer in the real world today!",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000948"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 110",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-110",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-110.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000265",
    "code": "DAN 111",
    "title": "Intro to the Art Of Dance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a study of dance as an art form including dance origins, politics, ritual, classism, modernism, contemporary turns, and the popular. Relationship of dance to other arts culturally, socially, and politically will be discussed. Students will learn through film, selected texts, and attend off campus events.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000940"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 111",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-111",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000266",
    "code": "DAN 124",
    "title": "Beg. Modern Dance for Majors",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Beginning Modern Dance for Majors is an introduction to modern dance. It places emphasis on preparing dance majors with little experience or no background in dance to be able to develop technique.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 124",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-124",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-124.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000267",
    "code": "DAN 125",
    "title": "Advanced Beg Modern Dance I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Advanced Beginning Modern Dance places an emphasis on alignment, development of the body, and modern/contemporary dance technique at the Advanced Beginning Level.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 125",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-125",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-125.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000268",
    "code": "DAN 126",
    "title": "Adv. Beginning Modern Dance II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Advanced Beginning Modern Dance II is a continuation of Advanced Beginning Modern Dance I. It places greater emphasis on building technique at a low intermediate level to prepare dance majors for Advanced Beginning Modern III and intermediate Ballet as well as to transfer into four-year Degree programs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 126",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-126",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-126.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000269",
    "code": "DAN 127",
    "title": "Adv. Beg Modern Dance III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Advanced Beginning Modern Dance III is a continuation of Advanced Beginning Modern Dance II. It places greater emphasis on building technique towards an intermediate level to prepare dance majors for Intermediate Modern as well as to transfer into four-year Degree programs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 127",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-127",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-127.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000270",
    "code": "DAN 134",
    "title": "Beginning Ballet for Majors",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Beginning Ballet for Majors is an introduction to Ballet. It places emphasis on preparing our dance majors with little experience or no background in dance to be able to develop technique.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 134",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-134",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-134.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000271",
    "code": "DAN 135",
    "title": "Advanced Beginning Ballet I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "A traditional class for students who are already acquainted with the rudiments of ballet. A barre will be followed by adagio and allegro work in center. Traveling combinations will challenge the student in performance technique and styles.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 135",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-135",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-135.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000272",
    "code": "DAN 136",
    "title": "Advanced Beginning Ballet II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Advanced Beginning Ballet II is a continuation of Advanced Beginning Ballet I. It places greater emphasis on building technique at a low intermediate level to prepare dance majors for Advanced Beginning Ballet III and intermediate Ballet as well as to transfer into four-year Degree programs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 136",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-136",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-136.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000273",
    "code": "DAN 137",
    "title": "Advanced Beginning Ballet III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Advanced Beginning Ballet III is a continuation of Advanced Beginning Ballet II. It places greater emphasis on building technique towards an intermediate level to prepare dance majors for Intermediate Ballet as well as to transfer into four-year Degree programs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 137",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-137",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-137.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000274",
    "code": "DAN 140",
    "title": "Advanced Beginning Jazz Dance",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A continuation of DAN102 or PE-613, this course challenges the student with more difficult dance combinations and begins work on performance skills.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 140",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-140",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-140.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000275",
    "code": "DAN 160",
    "title": "Repertory I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "In Repertory I students will rehearse and perform a dance work. Through this process students will gain technical, collaborative and performance skills necessary for a career as a dancer. This class is offered for students who are not cast in Dance Workshop.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 160",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-160",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/dan-160.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000276",
    "code": "DAN 161",
    "title": "Repertory II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Repertory II is a continuation of Repertory I. In Repertory II students will rehearse and perform a dance work. Through this process they will gain technical, collaborative and performance skills necessary for a career as a dancer. This class is offered for students who are not cast in Dance Workshop.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000277",
    "code": "DAN 198",
    "title": "Dance Non-Lib Arts Elective",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Dance Non-Liberal Arts Elective",
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    "id": "queensborough-000278",
    "code": "DAN 220",
    "title": "Intermediate Modern Dance I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Designed to develop intermediate-level modern dance skills with emphasis on techniques and movement phrasing.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000279",
    "code": "DAN 221",
    "title": "Intermediate Modern Dance II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Continuation and expansion of concepts and techniques introduced in Intermediate Modern Dance I with emphasis on the learning and execution of dance phrases of increasing complexity. Students enrolling in DAN221(PE-726) after taking DAN220(PE-725), or the reverse, have greater responsibility and advanced assignments in all areas of course work.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 221",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000280",
    "code": "DAN 222",
    "title": "Intermediate Modern Dance III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Intermediate Modern III is a continuation of Intermediate Modern II. It places greater emphasis on building technique on a more advanced level to prepare dance majors to transfer into four-year Degree programs.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 222",
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    "id": "queensborough-000281",
    "code": "DAN 223",
    "title": "Intermediate Modern Dance IV",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of the technique and the theory of Intermediate Modern Dance III. Greater emphasis is placed on intermediate/advanced modern dance techniques and the application of movement principles essential to the training of the dancer. Dance composition techniques, improvisation, and theory are also included. In this course, different styles of modern dance will be presented with an emphasis on improving anatomical awareness and alignment, developing integrated movement patterns and internal connections, and using dance as a form of expression.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000940"
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    "id": "queensborough-000282",
    "code": "DAN 230",
    "title": "Intermediate Ballet I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Designed to develop intermediate classical ballet terminology and technical skills. Compositional and performance techniques explored through the ballet idiom.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 230",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000283",
    "code": "DAN 231",
    "title": "Intermediate Ballet II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Intermediate Ballet II is a continuation of Intermediate Ballet I. It places greater emphasis on building technique on an intermediate/advanced level to prepare dance majors to transfer into four-year degree programs.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 231",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000284",
    "code": "DAN 232",
    "title": "Intermediate Ballet III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Intermediate Ballet III is a continuation of Intermediate Ballet II. It places greater emphasis on building technique on an intermediate/advanced level to prepare dance majors to transfer into four-year Degree programs.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 232",
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    "id": "queensborough-000285",
    "code": "DAN 233",
    "title": "Intermediate Ballet IV",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is a continuation of the technique and the theory of Intermediate Ballet III. Greater emphasis is placed on intermediate/advanced ballet technique and the application of movement principles essential to the training of the dancer. In this course, ballet technique and vocabulary will be presented through breath and flow with an emphasis on improving anatomical awareness and alignment, developing musical sensitivity, and using dance as a form of expression.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000940"
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    "id": "queensborough-000286",
    "code": "DAN 249",
    "title": "Dance Improvisation",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to modern dance improvisation. Methods of accessing authentic movement as well as an understanding of how to develop and perform an improvisation score will be addressed. Pre-requisite: Permission of instructor",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000287",
    "code": "DAN 251",
    "title": "Choreography I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "In Choreography I students will explore the process of creating dance based on the elements of dance - time, space and energy/movement quality. Improvisation will be used as a method of creating movement material. Choreographic devices and compositional structures will be explored. Students will be encouraged to develop their own creative voices, and to critically evaluate their own and their classmates' works.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000288",
    "code": "DAN 252",
    "title": "Contact Improvisation",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to contact improvisation. Contact Improvisation was developed in the 1970s by a group of dancers coming out of the Judson Church Era. Students will gain an understanding of structural support, following through with a point of contact, weight sharing, and energy flow.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/DAN 252",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000289",
    "code": "DAN 260",
    "title": "Dance Workshop I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Exploration of dance as a performing art through participation. Class work includes improvisation, elements of dance composition, learning of performing skills, repertory, and critical analysis. Students gain awareness and practical experience in all crafts related to dance production. Assignments include selected texts, attendance at dance performances, participation in studio and other scheduled performances. Students enrolling in PE-714 after taking PE-713, or the reverse, have greater responsibility and advanced assignments in all areas of course work. Appropriate assignments will be made.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000940"
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  },
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    "id": "queensborough-000290",
    "code": "DAN 261",
    "title": "Dance Workshop  II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Exploration of dance as a performing art through participation. Class work includes improvisation, elements of dance composition, learning of performing skills, repertory, and critical analysis. Students gain awareness and practical experience in all crafts related to dance production. Assignments include selected texts, attendance at dance performances, participation in studio and other scheduled performances. Students enrolling in PE-714 after taking PE-713, or the reverse, have greater responsibility and advanced assignments in all areas of course work. Appropriate assignments will be made.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000940"
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    "id": "queensborough-000291",
    "code": "DAN 262",
    "title": "Dance Workshop III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Dance Workshop III is a continuation of Dance Workshop II. Dance Workshop III provides performance and repertory experience. Students will learn about various aspects of dance productions, including performance, lighting, costumes, programs, etc.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000940"
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    "id": "queensborough-000292",
    "code": "ECON 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Macroeconomics",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A study of factors determining national output, income, employment, and prices; the impact of government spending, taxation, and monetary policy; the banking system; economic growth; international trade.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000930",
      "queensborough-000942"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECON 101",
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    "id": "queensborough-000293",
    "code": "ECON 102",
    "title": "Introduction to Microeconomics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course presents the fundamentals of Economics with a focus on the behaviors of consumers and producers, and government regulations that affect the dynamic interaction between buyers and sellers in an economy. Major topics include consumer choice theory, production, and profit maximization of firms operating under various market structures, such as Perfect Competition, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly and Monopoly. The course also covers the labor market and wage determination under varying market conditions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000930",
      "queensborough-000942"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECON 102",
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    "id": "queensborough-000294",
    "code": "ECON 150",
    "title": "Labor and Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The labor force and the market for labor; theory of wage determination; employment and unemployment, including structural unemployment; trade unions and collective bargaining; the role of management and unions; emphasis on practical problems of labor-management relations, labor legislation, and public policy.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECON 150",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000295",
    "code": "ECON 160",
    "title": "Contemporary Economic Issues",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Principles of economics applied to contemporary economic issues, such as inflation and unemployment, urban affairs and discrimination, poverty and welfare programs, externalities and taxation policies, budget deficits and national debt, and international aid and trade. This course is issue-oriented, rather than technically-oriented, and is designed for students who want to familiarize themselves with contemporary national and international economic issues and concerns.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECON 160",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000296",
    "code": "ECON 198",
    "title": "Economics Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Non Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECON 198",
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    "id": "queensborough-000297",
    "code": "ECON 199",
    "title": "Economics Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ECON 199",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000298",
    "code": "ECON 235",
    "title": "International Economics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An examination of the basic economic principles and policies underlying international trade and finance. Topics include: current U.S. trade policies; the flow of trade; exchange rates; the plight of less developed nations; economic cooperation among major industrialized nations with particular emphasis on U.S.-Japanese-European relations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000299",
    "code": "EDUC 101",
    "title": "Contempry Educ: Princ & Pract",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course will examine the historical, philosophical and sociological foundations of American education. Students will study the evolution of educational theory and research-based practices that promote social, emotional, and cognitive development and enhance learning. Attention will be paid to comparative analysis of past and contemporary political, philosophical, and sociological factors that influence and shape education decision-making. The course introduces students to the reflective decision-making model through readings, in-class activities and discussions, and intensive writing exercises. Students will directly observe the teaching and learning process through the experience of a required internship in a public or private educational institution with field hours to be arranged. Students will also be introduced to the applications of technology in the classroom.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947",
      "queensborough-000948",
      "queensborough-000949"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDUC 101",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000300",
    "code": "EDUC 115",
    "title": "Special Education",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to basic principles and issues in special education. Provides an overview of educational concerns in working with 'exceptional' learners. Topics include educating children with physical handicaps, emotional disabilities, intellectual impairment, and learning disabilities, as well as the gifted learner.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDUC 115",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000301",
    "code": "EDUC 198",
    "title": "Educ Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Educational Non-Liberal Arts and Science Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDUC 198",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000302",
    "code": "EDUC 199",
    "title": "Education Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDUC 199",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000303",
    "code": "EDUC 230",
    "title": "Chldhd Lrning & Devlpmnt Cult",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The goal of this course is to enable students to acquire a knowledge base of developmental processes from birth through adolescence and their implications for classroom practice. Students will examine the central emotional, cognitive, and social issues for each developmental period during childhood. Cultural, socio-economic, and historical influences on development will be integrated within the course. Starting from an ecological perspective, students explore the influences of environmental factors such as family, culture, and economics on the development of the individual. Individual differences, the range of normal development, and strategies for accommodating individual variability in the classroom will be emphasized. This course integrates required fieldwork observation and the use of technology.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDUC 230",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000304",
    "code": "EDUC 240",
    "title": "Middle Chldhd & Adlscnt Learn",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will examine psychological theories regarding processes related to learning and how they apply to secondary education in middle childhood and adolescence. To the extent that learning and development occur in context, the role and impact of the home, school, and community on learning processes will also be investigated. Individual differences, the range of normal development, and strategies for accommodating individual variability in the secondary classroom will be emphasized. Cognitive, behavioral, social, emotional, and physical issues as these relate to student diversity (culture, heritage, SES, gender, race, ethnicity, and the full range of disabilities and exceptionalities) will be included. Students learn to apply knowledge of development and learning to interpret real world observations of adolescents and secondary educational settings. The course emphasizes foundational learning principles that guide effective teaching. This course integrates required fieldwork observation and the use of technology.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EDUC 240",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000305",
    "code": "EE 101",
    "title": "Engineering Design I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to engineering practice through hands-on investigations, computer applications, design projects and student presentation in the fields of electronics, science and robotics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EE 101",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000306",
    "code": "EE 103",
    "title": "Comp Analysis for Electric Eng",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to computer aided analysis techniques necessary for the study of electrical engineering and the design of electrical systems. Concepts introduced through short lectures are examined thoroughly during computer workstation-based exercises. Among the topics studied are: function of a real variable and its graphs, complex numbers and phasors, linear algebra, difference equations with applications to signal processing and an introduction to system analysis.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EE 103",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000307",
    "code": "EE 198",
    "title": "Elec Engnr Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Electrical Engineering Non-liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EE 198",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000308",
    "code": "EE 199",
    "title": "Electric Engnrg Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Electrical Engineering Liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EE 199",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000309",
    "code": "EE 204",
    "title": "Electrical Circuits",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Circuit elements and their voltage-current relations; Kirchhoff's laws' elementary circuit analysis; continuous signals; differential equations; state variable equations; first and second order systems; introduction to circuit analysis software.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EE 204",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000310",
    "code": "ELEC 1000",
    "title": "Elective Credit",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Elective Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ELEC 1000",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000311",
    "code": "EN 888",
    "title": "CWAT Score > 7",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "CWAT Score > 7",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/EN 888",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000312",
    "code": "ENGL 90",
    "title": "Integrtd Rdg & Wrt for Adv ESL",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This course is offered to English Language Learners based on the results of a student’s placement score and departmental examination. This thematically oriented course links the concurrent development of reading and writing skills, with a special focus on the use of critical thinking to both analyze a range of texts and to produce organized reading responses via well-developed summaries and essays across multiple genres and audiences. Computer integrated pedagogy, theme-based curricula, high impact projects, and in-class/out of class tutors are recommended aspects of the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 90",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000313",
    "code": "ENGL 99",
    "title": "Devl Competence In College",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This course is for students who need intensified instruction in both reading and writing, as determined by a standard skills assessment or placement test and screening results. Emphasis is on the link between the concurrent development of reading and writing skills, with special attention paid to the use of critical thinking to analyze a range of written texts and the production of organized, well-developed essays and reports. Computer-integrated pedagogy, theme-based curriculum, and in-class tutor support are important aspects of the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 99",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000314",
    "code": "ENGL 101",
    "title": "English Composition I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Development of a process for producing intelligent essays that are clearly and effectively written; library work; 6,000 words of writing, both in formal themes written for evaluation and in informal writing such as the keeping of a journal. During the recitation hour, students review grammar and syntax, sentence structure, paragraph development and organization, and the formulation of thesis statements. - NOTE: CREDIT WILL NOT BE GIVEN TO STUDENTS WHO HAVE SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED ENGL103 OR EN 103.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000948",
      "queensborough-000954",
      "queensborough-000958"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 101",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000315",
    "code": "ENGL 102",
    "title": "English Composition II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers a continued study and practice of process-based writing combined with an introduction to literature: fiction, drama, and poetry. During the conference hour, students review basic elements of writing and analytical and critical reading skills and research strategies.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000948",
      "queensborough-000958"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 102",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000316",
    "code": "ENGL 198",
    "title": "English Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding non-liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit in the Department of English to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college, conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 198",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000317",
    "code": "ENGL 199",
    "title": "English Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of English to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 199",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000318",
    "code": "ENGL 201",
    "title": "Introduction To Literary Study",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An inquiry into what it means to study literature, involving close reading and critical analysis of a variety of prose fiction, drama, and poetry, and informed by an introduction to some of the theoretical issues currently debated in literary studies and a consideration of how such issues have evolved historically. In addition to works of literature, students will read critical and theoretical works, some of which they will identify through their own research. This course combines a study of literature with continued training in clear and effective writing.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 201",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000319",
    "code": "ENGL 205",
    "title": "Literary History",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "An exploration of how literary artists and their creations have responded to earlier writers, and how such responses have historically impacted literature in English. Students will also enhance their analytical and interpretative skills through writing about literary traditions, genres, periods, and movements. Readings include representative genre texts from at least two national literatures and historical periods.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 205",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000320",
    "code": "ENGL 206",
    "title": "Genre",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Broadly defined, genre refers to different forms of literary expression, such as fiction, poetry, and drama, but genres are also a reflection of cultural contexts and traditions. In this course, students will focus on different definitions of genre; issues of form, style, and content; and how ideas about genre change over time. Readings will include texts from at least two genres and two national literatures as well as material from before and after 1800.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 206",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000321",
    "code": "ENGL 212",
    "title": "English Literature II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides a historical study of British literature from the Romantic period through the present century. The aim of the course is to develop students’ knowledge of English literature in its various genres and its historical and cultural contexts through critical reading, thinking, and writing. Students are encouraged to make connections between the Romantic, Victorian, and Modernist periods and their own interests.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 212",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000322",
    "code": "ENGL 213",
    "title": "World Literature I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides a survey of world literature, ranging from Antiquity to the Renaissance, and from various geographical areas. The aim of the course is to develop students' knowledge of literature and its historical and cultural contexts through critical reading, thinking, and writing.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 213",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-213",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000323",
    "code": "ENGL 215",
    "title": "American Literature I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores literature produced in and about the Americas from the fifteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. The course encompasses a range of writing by people from various cultural traditions, with an emphasis on historical and formal textual development from the colonial period through the emergence of a diverse national literature.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 215",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-215",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000324",
    "code": "ENGL 216",
    "title": "American Literature II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores literature produced in and about the Americas from the mid-nineteenth to the twenty-first century. The course examines a variety of literary works in their historical contexts and from differing ethnic, cultural, and regional perspectives, taking into account the vast social, political, and cultural changes inAmerica during that period.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 216",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000325",
    "code": "ENGL 217",
    "title": "Contemporary Lit in English",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course recognizes the spread of English as a world language in the twentieth century. It will address important changes which have occurred in the English-language literature and “Englishes” from non-Western nations, the influence of postmodernist aesthetics and popular culture’s influence on literature. The readings will be selected from a number of national literatures.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 217",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000326",
    "code": "ENGL 220",
    "title": "Introductn to Creative Writing",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to the writing of poems, stories, plays, and creative non-fiction, with related readings. Students submit writing for class discussion with the aim of creating an original collection of creative work in several genres.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 220",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000327",
    "code": "ENGL 221",
    "title": "Creative Writing: Fiction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers intensive practice in the writing of fiction, with related readings. Students submit writing for class discussion with the aim of creating an original collection of fiction.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 221",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-221.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000328",
    "code": "ENGL 223",
    "title": "African American Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers a study of African American literature, from enslavement to the present day, through a variety of genres and mediums, including fiction, memoir, poetry, drama, primary sources, film, and journalism. The course aims to enhance students’ knowledge of the literary traditions and historical contexts which shaped African American literature. The course focuses on both aesthetic and socio-political concerns of African American writers through a range of periods and movements, including Literature of Enslavement, Reconstruction, Harlem Renaissance, Modernism, Urban Realism, Black Arts Movement, Afrofuturism, Postmodernism, and Literature of the 21st Century.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 223",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-223",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-223.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000329",
    "code": "ENGL 224",
    "title": "Asian American Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers a study of Asian American literature, from mid-nineteenth century to the present day, through a variety of genres and mediums, including fiction, memoir, poetry, drama, primary sources, film, and journalism. The course aims to enhance students knowledge of the literary traditions and historical contexts which shaped Asian American literature. The course focuses on aesthetic, sociocultural, and political concerns of Asian American writers through a range of periods and movements, and may include topics such as migrant laborers, the 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act, WW2 & Internment of Japanese Americans, Vietnam War, Civil Rights, United Farm Workers Union movements, the Model Minority mythology; and the impact COVID-19 has had on the AAPI community in the US.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 224",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-224",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000330",
    "code": "ENGL 225",
    "title": "Latinx American Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers a study of Latinx/a/o American literature, from the 1960s during the peak immigration of Latinxs to the United States up to present day. The course aims to enhance students? knowledge of how the creative and literary components of each text contribute to and reflect the unique social and political experience of being Latinx in the United States. We may discuss how identity is performed in the everyday sense and how Latinx historical identities have been shaped in conflict, dissent and/or conjunction with the multiple Latinx immigrant groups within a U.S context. The course will include all forms of writing as well: poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction. Topics may encompass political theater, experimental theater, revolution, censorship and self-censorship, trauma and memory, gender, borders and latinidad, and may focus on the diversity of the Latin American and Latinx ethnic experiences in the US (Chicana/o, Nuyorican, Dominican American, et al).",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 225",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000331",
    "code": "ENGL 231",
    "title": "Special Topics Writing Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "These courses will focus on fiction and nonfiction writing about a specific theme or topic to be announced in advance and will vary each semester. Descriptions of the topic in a particular semester will be available in the English Department before registration.Students may take two such courses for credit, as long as they do not repeat the topic.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 231",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000332",
    "code": "ENGL 232",
    "title": "Special Topics Writing Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "These courses will focus on fiction and nonfiction writing about a specific theme or topic to be announced in advance and will vary each semester. Descriptions of the topic in a particular semester will be available in the English Department before registration.Students may take two such courses for credit, as long as they do not repeat the topic.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 232",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-232",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000333",
    "code": "ENGL 233",
    "title": "Edit Publish Literary Journal",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers an opportunity for students to develop and practice the skills necessary to create and publish a literary journal for a readership of the campus community and beyond. Students will compose, solicit, collect, edit, and present fiction, poetry, creative nonfiction, and/or hybrids in print and/or digital format(s). Students will learn the conventions of literary genres and through reading and discussing regional, national and/or international literary journals learn about the aesthetics of layout and presentation. They will apply this knowledge in the production, promotion and distribution of the QCC campus literary journal. Students will work with Student Activities, such as the Creative Writing Club and Art Club to increase submissions and promote the journal.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 233",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-233",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000334",
    "code": "ENGL 241",
    "title": "Introduction to Journalism",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to journalistic practices through developing research and writing skills fundamental to the work of reporters and editors. Through a focus on news writing, op-eds and reviews, students learn to pitch stories and revise their drafts for publication in the campus newspaper and for professional publication. Students are encouraged to follow best ethical practices for research and interviews, and challenged to apply the Society of Professional Journalists’ Code of Ethics to real world historical and contemporary situations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 241",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000335",
    "code": "ENGL 242",
    "title": "Documentary Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A study of nonfiction film, this course will focus on the power of documentary to record and reveal – but also to distort – aspects of the real world. Classic documentary film, propaganda films, autobiographical films, nonfiction television series, and internet videos are just some of the possible texts that this course will screen and analyze. Students will be guided throughout the semester on writing and research strategies and techniques specific to audiovisual media.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 242",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000336",
    "code": "ENGL 251",
    "title": "Popular Culture",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A critical study of the pervasive role the popular arts play in our lives, with emphasis on a rhetorical approach to the mass media. Students will write about the contemporary arts and related issues.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 251",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-251",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000337",
    "code": "ENGL 252",
    "title": "Film and Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides a comparative investigation of the methods and modes of film and literature, coupled with an exploration of their overlapping boundaries. Multiple approaches to the intersection between both mediums will be explored and may include such focuses as adaptation, genre studies, Western and other World films and texts, and aesthetic and historical themes, amongst others. Students will receive instructions on writing strategies specific to audiovisual media.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 252",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000338",
    "code": "ENGL 261",
    "title": "Autobiography",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Readings in autobiographies combined with students' writing about their own lives and times. Readings selected from the world's literature including African, Asian, European, Chicano-Latin American, Native American, and American sources.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 261",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000339",
    "code": "ENGL 262",
    "title": "New York",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores New York City through reading and writing about various movements, periods, genres, and styles of literature, including fiction, drama, poetry, and nonfiction.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 262",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-262",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000340",
    "code": "ENGL 263",
    "title": "Holocaust Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers a study of the Holocaust through a variety of genres, including poetry, novels, short stories, plays, memoirs, primary sources, film, and children's literature, in order to gain a better understanding of the unfolding, impact, meaning and significance of the Holocaust. Students will study the origins and development of the Holocaust and its political, cultural, economic and social implications through the lens of a variety of artists, writers and scholars.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 263",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-263",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000341",
    "code": "ENGL 265",
    "title": "Immigrant Experience in Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers a study of the Immigrant Experience through a variety of genres, including memoirs, poetry, novels, short stories, plays, primary sources, film and children's literature, in order to gain a better understanding of the significance and impact of the immigrant experience. Students will study texts about US Immigration in their respective social contexts through the lens of a variety of writers, scholars and artists.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 265",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-265",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-265.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000342",
    "code": "ENGL 321",
    "title": "Cooperative Educ In Journalism",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is open only to matriculated students who have completed at least 36 credits in Liberal Arts and Sciences with a 2.5 index and who have completed Introduction to Journalism (EN-214) or who have received special permission from the English Department. It is recommended that students who apply possess word processing skills. The cooperative experience in journalism is designed to provide students with internship training in newspaper reporting, editing, andproduction. Students intern with local weeklies, where they have the opportunity to learn beat reporting, writing news and feature stories and working with editorial, design and business staff. Students are evaluated on the basis of portfolios,journals, conferences with the instructor, and a written evaluation by the employer. Students will earn a grade of 'Pass' or 'Fail.' Only one of these courses may be taken for credit. Interested students should contact the English Department during the semester prior to enrollment to make necessary arrangements.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 321",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-321",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-321.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000343",
    "code": "ENGL 322",
    "title": "Cooperative Educ In Journalism",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is open only to matriculated students who have completed at least 36 credits in Liberal Arts and Sciences with a 2.5 index and who have completed Introduction to Journalism (EN-214) or who have received special permission from the English Department. It is recommended that students who apply possess word processing skills. The cooperative experience in journalism is designed to provide students with internship training in newspaper reporting, editing, andproduction. Students intern with local weeklies, where they have the opportunity to learn beat reporting, writing news and feature stories and working with editorial, design and business staff. Students are evaluated on the basis of portfolios,journals, conferences with the instructor, and a written evaluation by the employer. Students will earn a grade of 'Pass' or 'Fail.' Only one of these courses may be taken for credit. Interested students should contact the English Department during the semester prior to enrollment to make necessary arrangements.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 322",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-322",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-322.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000344",
    "code": "ENGL 591",
    "title": "Special Topics in Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "These courses will focus on a specific theme, genre, or topic to be announced in advance and will vary each semester. Descriptions of the topic in a particular semester will be available in the English Department before registration. Students may take two such courses for credit, as long as they do not repeat the topic.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 591",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/engl-591",
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    "id": "queensborough-000345",
    "code": "ENGL 592",
    "title": "Special Topics in Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "These courses will focus on a specific theme, genre, or topic to be announced in advance and will vary each semester. Descriptions of the topic in a particular semester will be available in the English Department before registration. Students may take two such courses for credit, as long as they do not repeat the topic.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ENGL 592",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000346",
    "code": "ET 45",
    "title": "Digital Marketing Summer Works",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Digital Marketing Summer Workshop",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 45",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000347",
    "code": "ET 110",
    "title": "Electric Circuit Analysis",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "An introductory course to the fundamentals and basic principles of DC and AC circuits. Topics include: resistance, voltage, current, Ohm’s Law, Kirchoff’s laws, power, superposition, network theorems, Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems, maximum power transfer, introduction to AC, capacitors and inductors. Laboratory hours complement class work. Note: ET-110 must be completed with a grade of C or better before the student will be permitted to register for more advanced courses in electrical or computer engineering technology.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 110",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000348",
    "code": "ET 140",
    "title": "Sinusoidal & Transnt Analysis",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Sinusoidal waveforms; impedance, phasor quantities, AC meters; passive filters; the differential equation formulation of the electric circuit behavior; initial conditions, transients in RC and RL circuits. Laboratory hours complement class work.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 140",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000349",
    "code": "ET 198",
    "title": "Engineer Tech Non-Lib Arts Ele",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding Non- liberal arts and sciences, Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology, transfer credit to courses taken at another college which does not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college, conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000350",
    "code": "ET 199",
    "title": "Elect Comp EngnrgLib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000351",
    "code": "ET 210",
    "title": "Electronics I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Basic theory and operation of semiconductor devices and linear integrated circuits including diodes, BJTs, JFETs, MOSFETs, Zener diodes, and operational amplifiers. DC power supply circuit analysis and design. Operational amplifier circuits include inverting and non-inverting amplifiers and applications. Laboratory hours complement classwork.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 210",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000352",
    "code": "ET 220",
    "title": "Electronics II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Design of small and large signal amplifiers (transistor, FET); frequency response of amplifiers; D.C. amplifiers, operational amplifier circuits; integrated circuit theory; regulated transistor power supplies. Laboratory hours complement class work.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 220",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000353",
    "code": "ET 230",
    "title": "Telecommunications I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "The theory and principles of modern electronic telecommunications devices, including telephones, wire-line and optical communications links, radio, television, radar, and digital communications. Includes the generation of signals, modulation and demodulation methods, receivers and transmitters, transmission lines and antennas. Laboratory hours complement class work.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 230",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000354",
    "code": "ET 232",
    "title": "Wireless Mobile Communications",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the important aspects of mobileand wireless communications from the Internet tosignals, access protocols and cellular systems,emphasizing the key area of digital data transfer.Students engage in hands-on lab activities.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 232",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000355",
    "code": "ET 320",
    "title": "Electrical Controls Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Topics will include: servomechanism components, operational amplifiers, Laplace transforms, block diagram algebra, transfer functions, steady state and transient analysis of second order systems, proportional control and tach feedback, frequency response analysis, Bode plots, stability gain margin and phase margin, compensation techniques, digital to analog conversion, robotic applications. Laboratory hours complement class work.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 320",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000356",
    "code": "ET 350",
    "title": "Computer Control Systems",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Servomechanism components, operational amplifiers, Laplace transforms, transfer functions, block diagram algebra, steady state and transient analysis of second order system, digital to analog and analog to digital converters, shaft encoders, stepper motors, data acquisition, sample/hold, multiplexers, filters, pulse code modulation, remote control systems, robotic applications. Laboratory hours complement class work and include the use of microcomputers.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 350",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000357",
    "code": "ET 375",
    "title": "Introduction to Robotics",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is designed to introduce robotic construction, programming, operation and basic theory to the students. Topics included are electronic components, analog and digital signals, CPU, microcontroller, I/O ports, continuous rotation and servo motors, light sensors, ultrasonic sensors, IR sensors, encoders, robot controllers, structure and motion of a robot, power, and programming of robots. Also covered are building a gear formation, speed and torque, transmitter and receiver, and autonomous mobile robots. Students will construct and test microcontroller based robots in the laboratory.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 375",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000358",
    "code": "ET 410",
    "title": "Electronic Project Laboratory",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A practical course exposing the student to the design, fabrication, assembly and trouble-shooting techniques associated with the manufacture and servicing of consumer electronic products. Working individually, students construct finished products employing Computer Aided Design software, the departmental printed circuit fabrication facility, small tools and test equipment.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 410",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000359",
    "code": "ET 420",
    "title": "Computer Project Laboratory",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A practical course exposing the student to the design, fabrication, assembly and trouble-shooting techniques associated with the manufacture and servicing of computer-controlled devices. Working individually, students construct finished products employing Computer Aided Design software, the departmental printed circuit fabrication facility, small tools and test equipment.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 420",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000360",
    "code": "ET 481",
    "title": "Personal Computer Technology,",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Essential concepts in PC architecture, application and history are demonstrated via this hands-on course in moderm PC computing technology. This course covers the hardware and software concepts for CompTIA A+ Certification.Completion of this course requires the successful construction, configuration and troubleshooting of a personal computer. Topics include a comprehensiveoverview of internal PC components, operating systems and diagnostics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 481",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000361",
    "code": "ET 502",
    "title": "Intro to Computer Programming",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Introduction to programming with application problems in Engineering Technology. This course prepares students with hands-on programming skills for subsequent programming classes.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 502",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000362",
    "code": "ET 504",
    "title": "Operating Sys & Sys Deployment",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The course covers a number of operating system types such as: single tasking, cooperative, preemptive, multithreading and multitasking systems. Current operating systems are deployed under various environmental configurations. Operating systems and programs will be installed using Remote Network Access Services. The Internet will be utilized to download drivers, apply corrective service packs and updates. The entire course is available over the Internet via a Blackboard Server.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 504",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000363",
    "code": "ET 506",
    "title": "Linux Operating System",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This foundation course introduces the basics of LINUX system administration and security. Linux core topics include shell commands and processes with an emphasis on administration including files and directory structure, user and group management, networking and shell scripting. LINUX security topics include: vulnerability analysis, intrusion detection, firewall and file system encryption. Hands-on lab activities will complement the lecture topics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 506",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/et-506",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/et-506.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000364",
    "code": "ET 509",
    "title": "Programming Embedded Systems",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Introduction to embedded programming of single board microcontrollers and microprocessors, simple machine code, assembly and high-level language programs, binary and hex number systems, debug utility program, program variables, CPU addressing modes and flags, mathematical and logic operations with binary and hex numbers, looping and delays, microprocessor registers and memory characteristics. The course includes data input/output programming exercises on a microcontroller.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 509",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/et-509",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/et-509.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000365",
    "code": "ET 540",
    "title": "Digital Computer Theory I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Number systems; Boolean algebra; logic elements; multivibrators; clock circuits; decoders; counters; data registers. Laboratory hours complement class work.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 540",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/et-540",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000366",
    "code": "ET 542",
    "title": "Comp & Electrical Device Appl",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A practical course in the design and building of computer and electrical device applications. Topics include: Zener Diode Voltage regulators, Switching Applications, Darlington Configurations, Photo transistors, OP AMP Applications, Relays, and the use and design of Programmable Logic Devices into circuit applications.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 542",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/et-542",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/et-542.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000367",
    "code": "ET 560",
    "title": "Microprocessors & Microcomputr",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Study of microprocessor and microcomputer systems. Topics include: microprocessor architecture, memory and memory interfacing, I/O systems, interrupt processing, microprocessor communications, and microcomputer peripherals. Laboratory hours complement class work.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 560",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/et-560",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000368",
    "code": "ET 570",
    "title": "Creating Smartphone Apps",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the use and features of smartphones in modern life and how to create working applications. Students will create apps using existing modules and building blocks. No prior programming knowledge is necessary. After this initial experience, basics of the Java programming language will be introduced along with a minimum of XML programming to introduce the student to the needs of more advanced apps. Software development kits (SDK), along with the development environment, will also be covered. In addition, students will have the opportunity to distribute apps into the marketplace.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 570",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000369",
    "code": "ET 574",
    "title": "Prog & Applications w/ Python",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course introduces computer programming, network programming and elementary data science using the Python programming language. Topics include: procedural programming, Python data structures and aspects of object oriented programming. Introductory examples of network socket and security programming, data analysis, data visualization and machine learning will be explored. Hands-on lab activities will complement lecture topics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 574",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000370",
    "code": "ET 575",
    "title": "Intro To C++ Programming",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This foundation course provides a general understanding of the use and development of computer software applications in fields such as science, mathematics, and business using a high-level computer language. The course will concentrate on assessing the practical requirements of a software package and developing applications in C++, which is a high-level computer language that teaches the basic skills necessary for implementing a variety of real world applications. Topics include the analysis and use of concepts such as: primitive data types and their operators, basic I/O, control statements, decision making, looping, subprograms, arrays, strings and computer ethics. Each student will have a computer platform at his/her disposal from which he/she will design, develop, implement and test programs, while evaluating the interactions between a user and the computer.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000942"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 575",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000371",
    "code": "ET 580",
    "title": "Object-Oriented Programming",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers object-oriented algorithmic problem solving using C++. Topics include pointers, pointer arithmetic; linked lists; memory management; recursion; operator overloading; inheritance and polymorphism; stream and file I/O; exception handling; templates and STL; applications of simple data structures and debugging techniques. Hands-on lab activities will complement the lecture topics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 580",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000372",
    "code": "ET 581",
    "title": "Object-Oriented Prog Java",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers object-oriented algorithmic problem solving in Java. Topics include applications of fundamental data structures (arrays, linked lists), the Java API, inheritance, polymorphism, exception handling, packages, file input/output, recursion, generics, graphical user interfaces, event-driven programming and an introduction to secure software programming. Hands-on lab activities and projects will complement lecture topics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 581",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/et-581",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000373",
    "code": "ET 585",
    "title": "Computer Architecture",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course covers the basic principles of computer organization, operation and performance. It also deals with embedded systems, peripheral devices, memory management, and processor family evolution patterns.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 585",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000374",
    "code": "ET 601",
    "title": "AI Game Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces designing the intelligence behind computer games, empowering beginner and intermediate students to build nine iconic 2D games using Python and Pygame, enhanced by AI tools, debugging platforms, and generative AI for assets. Students will master the fundamentals of designing, programming, and troubleshooting game behavior, including game loops, collision detection, sprite rendering, and unique mechanics like grid-based logic, real-time movement, and match-3 puzzles, while learning to document and critique their designs. By the end, students will create a portfolio of fully functional games, gaining a deep understanding of game design principles and hands-on experience using AI to streamline coding and design. (Experimental)",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 601",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000375",
    "code": "ET 704",
    "title": "Networking Fundamentals I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is an introductory level course that provides students with the basic terminology and skills needed to design, build and maintain small to medium networks. It provides in-depth coverage of the most important concepts in contemporary networking, such as TCP/IP, Ethernet, wireless transmission, virtual networks, cloud computing, segmentation, security, and troubleshooting. Topics include: OSI model; electronics and signals, collisions and collision domains, MAC addressing, LANs, structured cabling, cabling tools, network design and documentation, power supply issues, Internet Protocol addressing and subnetting, network protocols. Hands-on lab activities will complement lecture topics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 704",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000376",
    "code": "ET 705",
    "title": "Networking Fundamentals II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course continues to build the skills needed to design, build and maintain small to medium networks. Students will learn how to startup and configure network routers and utilize the OSI model in troubleshooting router configurations. Topics include: WANs and routers, basic network testing, router startup and setup, router configuration, IOS images, TCP/IP, IP addressing and subnetting, routing protocols. Students will learn about security issues and vulnerabilities in network communications. Lab activities will complement lecture topics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 705",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000377",
    "code": "ET 710",
    "title": "Front-End UI/UX Web Developmnt",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course focuses on students developing competency in coding the user experience and user interaction (UI/UX) for front-end, browser-based web applications using HTML, CSS, Frameworks and industry tooling. The student will publish static websites to the internet using traditional web servers and modern object storage while learning current best practices and design patterns for UI/UX website implementation. Topics include: the HTML & CSS languages, Frameworks, responsive web design, source code/version control, an introduction to routing, application programing interfaces (API), API query languages and the fundamentals of cloud computing. Hands-on lab activities and projects complement lecture topics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 710",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000378",
    "code": "ET 712",
    "title": "JavaScript Programming: Client",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will focus upon the JavaScript programming language and JavaScript language extensions for client and server-side web programming. JavaScript will be covered in depth including with server side and asynchronous Node.js and an exploration of a modern JavaScript Framework. Topics include: variables, conditionals, expressions, iteration, objects and classes, arrays, document object model, asynchronous vs synchronous, Node.js and a JS Framework. Hands-on lab activities and projects complement lecture topics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 712",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000379",
    "code": "ET 713",
    "title": "Full Stack Web Development",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to full stack web development merging front-end UX/UI web components with back-end server resources. The student will learn how to connect static websites with backend server & database resources using Full Stack Rails and Angular/Serverless tooling. Students will also develop Cloud Architect computing skills for the delivery and management of web content. Topics include: web programming languages, model view controller, Frameworks, version control, SQL and NoSQL, middleware, web servers, load balancers, storage systems, caches and other tools that are used to build and deploy modern software applications. Hands-on lab activities and projects complement lecture topics.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 713",
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    "id": "queensborough-000380",
    "code": "ET 716",
    "title": "Java Programming Technology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is a project oriented computer programming course in the Java Language. Students will learn to develop, test and debug Java based solutions to real-world problems. Solutions will be posted and tested on the department's student-project Web server in the form of Java-enhanced Web pages.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000381",
    "code": "ET 718",
    "title": "Database Technology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will learn the fundamentals of modern database technology. They will study and create solutions using Enterprise database technology such as Microsoft SQL Server. Topics covered will include: database integrity, consistency and security; database replication planning and deployment; publishing database data on the Web.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000382",
    "code": "ET 720",
    "title": "Advanced Web & Multimedia Prog",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Students will learn to write Graphic Web programs using video editing software and Multimedia developing tools. Students will investigate the use of webcams and video movies in websites. The course will be project and results oriented, using real-world problem solving techniques. Topics covered will include: photo editor programming, video, movies, webcams, and advanced multimedia tools to develop graphical Web page.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 720",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000383",
    "code": "ET 721",
    "title": "Software Development Practicum",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Students engage in collaborative project-based software development as a capstone computer programming experience. This course incorporates experiential learning via self-directed research and computer programming while exploring the modern process, models, and methodologies of team-based software development. Current industry tools for team communication, collaboration and software development will be utilized as teams iteratively advance and develop product. Students assume various roles within their development team where they will demonstrate personal contributions via scheduled classroom presentations discussing project state, planning and advancement. Course policies and presentation are aligned with the workplace to cultivate an employment-oriented experience.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000384",
    "code": "ET 725",
    "title": "Computer Network Security",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers computer network security design and vulnerabilities Topics include: Cryptography and encryption, denial-of-service attacks, firewalls and intrusion prevention systems, software and operating system [OS] security, legal and ethical aspects of cybercrime, and computer crime.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 725",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000385",
    "code": "ET 726",
    "title": "Advanced Network Security",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers advanced network concepts in technologies, complex security issues in network communications and network infrastructure, cryptographic protocols, network attacks and operational security policies and procedures. Students will gain knowledge in network defense and learn the various counter measures to protect these systems from cyber threats. Students will explore the various tools used in implementing firewalls, DMZs, IDS/IPS, proxy servers, VPNs, honeypots and honeynets in network defense. Student laboratory experiments will cover network operations in network hardening using network security monitoring and network traffic analysis tools. Lab activities will complement the lecture topics.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000386",
    "code": "ET 754",
    "title": "Security Policies and Procedur",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces implementation of cybersecurity compliance practices as part of a core organizational strategy for the public and private sectors. Topics include personnel roles in planning and managing organization security; legal aspects of cybersecurity at the state, federal and international levels and its impact on organization policies and practices.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000387",
    "code": "ET 756",
    "title": "Database Administration",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will explore the fundamental concepts of database management systems including entity-relationship diagrams, data representation, data integrity, the relational model, concurrency, security, and scalable database design through programming projects. Hands-on lab activities and projects will complement lecture topics.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000388",
    "code": "ET 757",
    "title": "Cloud Technology Developing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an in-depth understanding of core cloud services, use cases, and basic architecture and security best practices. It addresses how to effectively write and deploy applications in the cloud and current industry technologies. Lab activities complement lecture topics and include developing, deploying, and debugging cloud-based applications. The course is aligned with the AWS Certified Developer Associate Certification exam. Students must take the AWS exam separately to earn the certification.",
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      "queensborough-000942"
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    "id": "queensborough-000389",
    "code": "ET 758",
    "title": "Cloud Technology Operations",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an in-depth understanding of core cloud services, use cases, and basic operations and security best practices. It addresses how to effectively provision and manage cloud-based networks and computer systems. Lab activities complement lecture topics and include creating automatable and repeatable deployments of networks and computer systems. The course is aligned with the AWS Certified Sys/Ops Administrator Associate Certification exam. Students must take the AWS exam separately to earn the certification.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000390",
    "code": "ET 760",
    "title": "Ethical Hack & Penetratn Test",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Topics include fundamental network and internet terminology in the fields of information security and information assurance and related legal and ethical issues. Students learn the tools and penetration testing methodologies used by ethical hackers. They also identify current computer security resources that describe new vulnerabilities and innovative methods to protect networks. Hands-on lab activities will complement the lecture topics.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 760",
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    "id": "queensborough-000391",
    "code": "ET 841",
    "title": "The Science Of Energy And Powe",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the science and technology of energy and how humans use it on a daily basis. Topics include: importance of energy in modern society; how energy is used in food production, materials, manufacturing, transportation, communications, lighting, heating and cooling; the relationship between various forms of energy and greenhouse gases; individual and societal conservation methods and their economical and environmental impact; the laws of thermodynamics and equations relating energy, work and power; the electrical grid and elementary home and auto wiring; the pn junction and active and passive solar technology; wind, hydro, wave, geo and ocean thermal renewable energy schemes; the fuel cell and the new generation of electromechanical propulsion; and the Law of Conservation of Energy",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 841",
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    "id": "queensborough-000392",
    "code": "ET 842",
    "title": "Energy Production and Conserva",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides students with the opportunity to relate their daily energy use to various renewable and non-renewable energy sources. Students will also participate in hands-on laboratory experiments that demonstrate how energy can be controlled and conserved in order to reduce harmful carbon emissions and costs.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000924"
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    "id": "queensborough-000393",
    "code": "ET 991",
    "title": "Co-op Ed Engi Tech",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Open only to matriculated students who have achieved a minimum grade-point average of 2.0 in their major field of study; have completed at least 12 pertinent credits in an Engineering Technology related curricula; and are recommended and approved by the chairperson of the Department and the coordinator of Cooperative Education.The cooperative education experience in Engineering Technology includes employment in a field experience which supplements classroom theory and laboratory instruction with related on-the-job professional training. Students are placed in a work situation for 45 hours, participate in a monthly seminar, and submit a term project related to the work experience. A written evaluation is provided by the employer. Students receive a grade of Pass or Fail..",
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    "id": "queensborough-000394",
    "code": "ET 992",
    "title": "Coop Ed Eng Tech",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Open only to matriculated students who have achieved a minimum grade-point average of 2.0 in their major field of study; have completed at least 12 pertinent credits in an Engineering Technology related curricula; and are recommended and approved by the chairperson of the Department and the coordinator of Cooperative Education.The cooperative education experience in Engineering Technology includes employment in a field experience which supplements classroom theory and laboratory instruction with related on-the-job professional training. Students are placed in a work situation for 45 hours, participate in a monthly seminar, and submit a term project related to the work experience. A written evaluation is provided by the employer. Students receive a grade of Pass or Fail.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000395",
    "code": "ET 993",
    "title": "Coop Educ in Engineering Tech",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Open only to matriculated students who have achieved a minimum grade-point average of 2.0 in their major field of study; have completed at least 12 pertinent credits in an Engineering Technology related curricula; and are recommended and approved by the chairperson of the Department and the coordinator of Cooperative Education.The cooperative education experience in Engineering Technology includes employment in a field experience which supplements classroom theory and laboratory instruction with related on-the-job professional training. Students are placed in a work situation for 45 hours, participate in a monthly seminar, and submit a term project related to the work experience. A written evaluation is provided by the employer. Students receive a grade of Pass or Fail.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ET 993",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000396",
    "code": "FCCE 1000",
    "title": "FC_Creative Expression",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Flexible Core - Creative Expression",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FCCE 1000",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000397",
    "code": "FCIS 1000",
    "title": "FC_Individual and Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Flexible Core - Individual and Society",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FCIS 1000",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000398",
    "code": "FCSW 1000",
    "title": "FC_Scientific World",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Flexible Core - Scientific World",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FCSW 1000",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000399",
    "code": "FCUS 1000",
    "title": "FC_US Experience",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Flexible Core - US Experience in its Diversity",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FCUS 1000",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000400",
    "code": "FCWG 1000",
    "title": "FC_World Cultures & Global Iss",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Flexible Core - World Cultures & Global Issues",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FCWG 1000",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000401",
    "code": "FMP 141",
    "title": "Intro Digital Media Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to Digital Media Field Production is an introductory class in the creation and aesthetics of video production. Basic concepts of media production and integration will be introduced incorporating mediums such as photography, video, and audio. Design and development principles will be combined with the necessary technical skills in media production tools and software to produce various elements that will be integrated into several short projects. This class will also have screenings of various short films and videos in class as well as additional assigned readings.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FMP 141",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000402",
    "code": "FMP 241",
    "title": "Digital Media Field Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Digital Media Field Production is an intermediate level class in the media production. Students will learn single camera set up, lighting and audio for remote production for interviews and narrative as well as advancing skills in pre-production, screenwriting, directing, and editing. All students will construct storyboards, write scripts, direct shoots, and edit their own projects in the class.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FMP 241",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000403",
    "code": "FMP 242",
    "title": "Writing for the Screen",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Writing for the Screen is a mid-level course in the theory and practice of writing for film, television and the web. Students will develop, workshop and write scripts for a variety of productions including but not limited to short film, documentary, episodic television and the web series.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FMP 242",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000404",
    "code": "FMP 243",
    "title": "American Film History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A historical study of the nature and development of the cinema as an art form in the United States from its beginnings until present time. Technological, economic, industrial, legal, social and cultural factors which played an important role in shaping film genres are examined decade by decade. Significant foreign influences are also cited along with hundreds of illustrative clips and a classic feature film each session.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FMP 243",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000405",
    "code": "FMP 244",
    "title": "Elements of Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces basic concepts of cinematic communication and presents them as “languages” which filmmakers use to create predictable emotional responses in audiences. Photography, framing, shots, angles, movement both within the frame and of the camera, sound, editing, story narrative, acting and ideology are some of the components of film structure which directors use to create a visual style. Viewings and discussions provide an active film vocabulary and achieve critical perspectives of modern cinema.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FMP 244",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000406",
    "code": "FMP 245",
    "title": "Intro to Electronic Media",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the history, growth, development and practices of media technology. Students develop an understanding of the growth and development of electronic media. Historic context of mass media including print, film, television, video games, and the Internet are examined with attention given to economic, legal and creative forces as well as their influence on popular culture.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FMP 245",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000407",
    "code": "FMP 246",
    "title": "Media Criticism",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Theories of mass culture will be introduced and applied to a diverse selection of media such as film, television, video games and the Internet. In the identification, examination, and application of these concepts through viewings and discussion, students will learn to think and write critically about the influences of mediated images on society.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FMP 246",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000408",
    "code": "FMP 341",
    "title": "Editing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Editing is an upper-level course in advanced digital non-linear editing for film, television, and the web. Using current industry-standard editing software, students will edit individual and group filmed projects and learn techniques in titles, motion graphics, and color correction.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FMP 341",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000409",
    "code": "FMP 342",
    "title": "Television Studio Production",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Television Studio Production is an upper-level course in the theory and practice of production in a three-camera HD television studio. Students will write, direct, and produce short, filmed projects in the television studio. Students will learn directing, camera operation, switching, audio, lighting, and in-camera editing for film and television.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FMP 342",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000410",
    "code": "FYS 100",
    "title": "First Year Success Seminar",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "The First Year Success Seminar offers a College Knowledge curriculum to new students enrolled in an FYE Learning Community. This eight-week course offered in the first half of the semester is designed to help students develop knowledge and skills to successfully navigate QCC processes and to make use of campus resources to thrive academically and build toward post-college goals. Lessons include college success skills, peer networking, financial literacy, and degree and career planning. Students enrolled in the FYE Learning Community are supported by a team of faculty, staff, and a peer mentor who are invested in their success and focus on fostering a sense of belonging in a culture of care.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/FYS 100",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000411",
    "code": "GE 100",
    "title": "Fundamentals of Earth Science",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An historical study of Earth Science from ancient times until the end of the nineteenth century is presented to illustrate the inductive processes of science in the derivation of a global understanding of meteorology, oceanography, botany, agriculture and geology.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/GE 100",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000412",
    "code": "GE 101",
    "title": "Physical Geology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Earth materials and landscapes are studied to formulate the principles of geology. Laboratory studies include materials, rocks, soils and topographic maps. A field trip to the American Museum of Natural History is a course requirement.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/GE 101",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000413",
    "code": "GE 102",
    "title": "Historical Geology",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Explains how nature has recorded in rocks the story of past landscapes and oceans and follows the evolution of plant life. Laboratory studies include minerals, rocks, fossils, and geological maps. A field trip to the museum of Natural History is a course requirement.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/GE 102",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000414",
    "code": "GE 125",
    "title": "Earth Science",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Not open to students who have taken GE-101 or GE-102. May be used to satisfy nonlaboratory science requirement for the A.A. degree.Origin of our solar system; structure and composition of our home planet, earth; origin of earth's landscapes and oceans; patterns of weather and climate.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/GE 125",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000415",
    "code": "GE 198",
    "title": "Geology Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Geology Non-liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/GE 198",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000416",
    "code": "GE 199",
    "title": "Geology Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Geology Liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/GE 199",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000417",
    "code": "HA 100",
    "title": "Foundation Therapeutic Massage",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the massage therapy profession. Topics will include: the history and role of massage therapy in health and illness, different styles of bodywork, ethics and professionalism, research literacy, and self-care practice. Note: This is not a hands-on course.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 100",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000418",
    "code": "HA 101",
    "title": "Eastern Massage I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course combines lecture, focused on expanding the student's understanding of Eastern healing and Traditional Chinese Medicine, with practicum experience in the foundational techniques of Shiatsu. Drawing upon concepts introduced in Eastern anatomy and physiology, the student learns the palpatory skills necessary to administer an effective full-body Shiatsu treatment. Proper body mechanics, fluidity, and stretching techniques are emphasized in the practicum.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 101",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000419",
    "code": "HA 102",
    "title": "Western Massage I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course will focus on developing a firm foundation in Western, or what is most commonly referred to as \"Swedish\", style massage. The history of Western massage, its basic techniques, benefits and contraindications for their use will be discussed. Proper use of oils, massage tables, draping and bolstering methods will be introduced. High emphasis will be placed in the practicum on modeling proper body mechanics necessary to execute techniques efficiently and safely.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 102",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000420",
    "code": "HA 103",
    "title": "Eastern Massage II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course combines lecture, focused on presenting more in-depth concepts in Eastern healing, with practicum experience in intermediate level techniques in Shiatsu. It builds upon the foundation established in Eastern Massage I as the student learns the intellectual concepts and palpatory skills necessary to develop more complex and individually tailored Shiatsu treatments. Proper body mechanics, fluidity, and stretching techniques continue to be emphasized in the practicum as students learn additional techniques to deepen their practice.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 103",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000421",
    "code": "HA 104",
    "title": "Western Massage II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course will expand on the material and skill learned in Western Massage I. Advanced deep tissue and stretching techniques will be explored as well as working with clients in sidelying position and seated in a chair. Students will learn approaches for using massage in pre and post event sport situations. Along with cramp relief techniques and heat and cold application. Also introduced will be basic assessment and treatment documentation skills necessary for more focused therapeutic massage work.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 104",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000422",
    "code": "HA 198",
    "title": "Massage Thrpy Non-Lib Art Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Massage Therapy Program in the Department of Health, Physical Education and Dance to award Non- liberal arts and sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which does not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college, conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 198",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000423",
    "code": "HA 199",
    "title": "Massage Therapy Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Massage therapy Liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 199",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000424",
    "code": "HA 201",
    "title": "Eastern Massage III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course combines lecture, focused on presenting the advanced concepts of Eastern healing, with practicum experience in advanced level techniques in Shiatsu. It builds upon the foundations established in Eastern Massage I & II as students further refine their intellectual and palpatory skills. Students learn how to evaluate the energetic state of a client, and develop a professional treatment strategy that includes appropriate documentation. Proper body mechanics, fluidity, and stretching techniques continue to be emphasized in the practicum. Students are also introduced to other Eastern healing methods.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 201",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000425",
    "code": "HA 202",
    "title": "Western Massage III",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course continues the learning of techniques and skills taught in previous Western massage classes and prepares students in the use of therapeutic massage applications. Advance techniques such as trigger point release, orthopedic assessment testing, and treatment plan design will be discussed for common injuries and conditions.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 202",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000426",
    "code": "HA 203",
    "title": "Massage Practicum I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Prepares students for the practice of massage with a healthy population in a variety of settings under direct supervision. Drawing on the techniques and skills learned in Eastern and Western Massage, students gain the experience and confidence needed for the successful practice of Swedish massage, Shiatsu, chair massage, and sports massage.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 203",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000427",
    "code": "HA 204",
    "title": "Massage Practicum II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course prepares students to treat clients with clinical conditions. Working under direct supervision, students will assess client conditions and develop treatment plans for clients utilizing both Western and Eastern massage techniques. Treatment plans are charted and outcomes are evaluated. First aid safety procedures are also discussed.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 204",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000428",
    "code": "HA 205",
    "title": "Issues Massage Theory",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Prepares students to enter a career in massage therapy. Foundational business theory and skills needed to build and maintain a practice in a variety of settings will be discussed, including marketing strategies, networking and making appropriate referrals. Professional ethics and management of more complex client/therapist situations will be addressed.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 205",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000429",
    "code": "HA 206",
    "title": "Pregnancy Massage",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course provides in-depth knowledge needed to offer safe and effective massage treatments to pregnant clients. The anatomy and physiology of body changes and complications, benefits, indications, and cautions of pregnancy massage, along with massage techniques, Eastern and Western, for common discomforts during pregnancy are included along with communication, ethical considerations, and documentation. The course also prepares students to give safe and effective massage to women during labor and childbirth as well as during the postpartum period.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 206",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000430",
    "code": "HA 207",
    "title": "Hospital-Based Massage",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed for students majoring in Massage Therapy or Nursing who plan to provide massage for seriously ill patients in a hospital setting, with an emphasis on oncology massage. It includes medical terminology, devices, and documentation. The course presents an overview of complementary and alternative therapies, including energy-based techniques that are commonly used with seriously ill patients, along with how to modify massage therapy according to patients' needs. Students will gain practical experience providing massage in the hospital.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 207",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000431",
    "code": "HA 208",
    "title": "Sports Massage",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course will enable students to assess athletic clients in order to apply appropriate massage techniques in safe and effective ways. The course includes theory and philosophy of sports massage, pathologies and dysfunctions, and specialized clinical methods to resolve pain syndromes. Students will gain practical experience working with the college's athletic teams",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 208",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000432",
    "code": "HA 209",
    "title": "Thai Massage",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is designed for advanced massage therapy students. This course provides an introduction to traditional Thai massage and Thai culture. The lecture will review the history and theoretical foundations of Thai massage and discuss the role of massage in traditional Thai medicine. The practicum will prepare students to use stretches and pressure with hands, arms, knees, and feet to deliver a basic two-hour massage sequence in the front, side, back, and seated positions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 209",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000433",
    "code": "HA 220",
    "title": "Pathology Massage Therapy I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the theories and mechanisms of disease. The course focuses on the pathological conditions most likely encountered in the scope of massage therapy. Special attention will be given to precautions, contraindications and indications for massage. Pathological conditions correlating to body systems within a holistic perspective will be discussed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 220",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000434",
    "code": "HA 221",
    "title": "Pathology Massage Therapy II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Continuation of the study of disease conditions with an emphasis on organic disorders and psychologically based and stress related diseases. The importance of history taking, massage endangerments and referral decisions will be reviewed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HA 221",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000435",
    "code": "HE 101",
    "title": "Personal Health and Wellness",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This personal health and wellness course focuses on the factors that influence health and wellness, particularly individual behaviors. Students are required to participate in self-assessments and fieldwork experiences that provide information about their health behaviors and their overall health status. In addition, students will learn strategies that improve lifetime health and wellness.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 101",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000436",
    "code": "HE 102",
    "title": "Health, Behavior and Society",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This fundamental course focuses on the relationship between health and human behavior by exploring the psychological, biological, and socio-cultural perspectives of health. Topics for discussion emphasize disease prevention and lifelong health promotion for the individual and the community. Learning experiences are designed to enable students to develop analytical reasoning skills in order to make informed health decisions and to promote and maintain wellness across diverse cultures. This course will examine major health areas of importance to the individual and society including nutrition, mental health, stress, sexuality, exercise science and addictions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 102",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000437",
    "code": "HE 103",
    "title": "Fund Human Nutrition",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Fundamentals of Human Nutrition provides an integrated overview of the physiological requirements and functions of protein, energy, and the major vitamins and minerals that are determinants of health and diseases in human populations. Nutrient requirements under varying conditions of growth will be explored as well as calculations and computations of nutrient composition of selected food groups, and diets.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947",
      "queensborough-000955"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 103",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000438",
    "code": "HE 104",
    "title": "Addictions and Dependencies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will investigate recent research related to the psychological and physiological effects of dependencies, such as compulsive eating, gambling, work habits, and smoking. The problems of use and abuse of depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, as well as methods of rehabilitation will also be discussed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 104",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/he-104.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000439",
    "code": "HE 105",
    "title": "Human Sexuality",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Designed to assist students in developing positive and accepting attitudes and behaviors about their own sexuality and that of others throughout the life cycle. Study includes psychosexual development, sexual behaviors, reproductive biology, and family planning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 105",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000440",
    "code": "HE 106",
    "title": "First Aid and Safety Education",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Provides a basic understanding of the causes and effects of accidents in our lives. Prevention of accidents and emergency care are the focus. Students successfully completing this course will be eligible for an American Heart Association Standard First Aid Certificate.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 106",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000441",
    "code": "HE 107",
    "title": "Mental Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides opportunity for students to develop a better understanding of their behavior and adjustment to life situations. Attention is given to personal approaches to problem-solving and evaluating available outside resources. Participation may be required in at least one course-related field trip to be arranged by the instructor",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 107",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000442",
    "code": "HE 108",
    "title": "Health and Physical Fitness",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an inquiry into the concepts of health, physical fitness, physical performance and wellness. Factors such as nutrition, body composition and weight control, principles of physical conditioning, physiology of exercise, and other issues related to optimal physical performance will be considered. The classroom lectures will be supplemented by laboratories and demonstrations using available gym facilities to provide the students the opportunity to assess their present state of physical fitness. The student should be able to formulate a program of self-improvement in relation to their individual goals after completion of this course of study.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 108",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000443",
    "code": "HE 110",
    "title": "Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Basic life support knowledge and skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation developed, including artificial circulation, artificial respiration, and clearing obstructed airways. Upon successful completion of the course, students will be eligible to receive a Basic Life Support CPR and AED for Healthcare Professionals Certificate through the American Heart Association",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 110",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000444",
    "code": "HE 111",
    "title": "Stress Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores theories of stress to help students understand and cope more effectively with the stress in their daily lives. Topics covered include the types and causes of stress; components, manifestations and consequences of stress; how to evaluate and measure stress, and strategies/techniques to minimize stressors and manage stress.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 111",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000445",
    "code": "HE 114",
    "title": "Principles & Practices Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to introduce students to the principles and practices of public health and strategies used in public health promotion and disease prevention initiatives. The course will provide students with an opportunity to learn about past, present and future key public health topics of importance, and to apply public health strategies to prevent or minimize these problems among culturally diverse populations across the lifespan.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 114",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000446",
    "code": "HE 115",
    "title": "Food and Culture",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is ideal for students interested in cultural studies, nutrition, sociology, or global perspectives on food and society. Students will explore how cultural, social, economic, and psychosocial factors influence food choices, behaviors, and practices across the globe. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the course investigates traditional and contemporary dietary practices, the role of food in shaping identity and community, and the impact of globalization on food systems. Emphasis is placed on cultural humility, equity, and inclusivity in understanding diverse food traditions. Topics include religious dietary practices, indigenous food systems, the influence of migration on cuisines, and the ethical and sustainable considerations of modern diets.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 115",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000447",
    "code": "HE 198",
    "title": "Hlth Educ Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Health, Physical Education and Dance to award Non- liberal arts and sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which does not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college, conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 198",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000448",
    "code": "HE 199",
    "title": "Health Education Elective",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Health Education elective-Smokers clinic",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 199",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000449",
    "code": "HE 200",
    "title": "Emergency Medical Technician",
    "credits": 9,
    "hours": 9,
    "description": "This course prepares the student for EMT (Emergency Medical Technician) certification. The content and sequence of the course material are mandated by the State of New York Department of Health, Bureau of Emergency Health Services. Meets national educational guidelines for Emergency Medical Technician Educational standards.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000950"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 200",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000450",
    "code": "HE 202",
    "title": "Soc & Behavior Deter of Health",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the various biological, psychological, socio-cultural, economic, environmental, institutional, organizational and political factors influencing health behavior and relevant disparities in health outcomes. Students are exposed to core theories and models used in the analysis of health behavior and outcomes from a systems perspective. Emphasis is placed on applying theories/models at various levels of influence to current health problems as a basis for intervention design.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 202",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/he-202",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/he-202.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000451",
    "code": "HE 203",
    "title": "Public Health Internship",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course will provide students with practical learning experiences working in the field of public health. They will apply skills learned in the classroom to real-life public health issues. Students will improve critical thinking and problem-solving skills needed and explore career opportunities prior to graduation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 203",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/he-203",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/he-203.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000452",
    "code": "HE 999",
    "title": "Health Education Waiver",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Health Education Waiver",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HE 999",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/he-999",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/he-999.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000453",
    "code": "HIST 110",
    "title": "Intro to Ancient Civilization",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A historical survey of the development of ideas and institutions in Ancient China, India, the Near East, Greece, and Rome. Emphasis is on their political, economic, social, legal, religious, cultural, and intellectual achievements. Consultation of primary sources in translation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000927",
      "queensborough-000932",
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 110",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-110",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-110.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000454",
    "code": "HIST 111",
    "title": "Intro Medieval and West Civil",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The development of Western civilization from the beginning of the Middle Ages to the French Revolution; the major political, intellectual, religious, economic, and social movements which transformed Western civilization from a medieval to a modern society. Materials drawn from texts and original sources.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000927",
      "queensborough-000932",
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 111",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-111",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000455",
    "code": "HIST 112",
    "title": "Intro Modern West Civilization",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The development of Western civilization from the French Revolution. Major political, economic, intellectual, social, and scientific forces considered. Focus is on the impact of major ideologies - including liberalism, socialism, and nationalism, as well as the emergence of totalitarianism. Readings include textual and original source material.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000927",
      "queensborough-000932",
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 112",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-112",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-112.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000456",
    "code": "HIST 127",
    "title": "Grow Amer Civ I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The development of American civilization examined from its origins through the aftermath of the Civil War. Deals with vital political, economic, social, and cultural forces and institutions. The Revolutionary era, the Constitutional period, the Jacksonian, Civil War, and Reconstruction eras, and such developments as sectionalism, nationalism, and industrialization are surveyed. Readings include textual and original source materials.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 127",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-127",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-127.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000457",
    "code": "HIST 128",
    "title": "Grow Amer Civ II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The development and growth of modern American civilization examined. Emphasis is on social, political, cultural, and economic forces that have shaped the nation, concentrating on both internal developments and the roots of American expansion abroad. Themes discussed include immigration, nativism, the changing role of women, the Great Depression, the New Deal, America's wars, the United States as a world leader, civil rights and the growth of popular cultures. Readings include textual and original source materials.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 128",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-128",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-128.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000458",
    "code": "HIST 133",
    "title": "Intro East Asian Civilization",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of the history of East Asia, and will examine the social, cultural, political, economic, and diplomatic development of the region, including China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam. Topics of discussion will include the impact ofWestern imperialism, strategies of modernization, the rise of nationalism, Asian communist movements, World War II, the Cold War and Post Cold War era.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 133",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-133",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-133.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000459",
    "code": "HIST 135",
    "title": "History of New York State",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey of the political, social, economic, and cultural history of the Empire State from colonial times to the modern era. Analysis of the forces and conditions that have made New York the financial and cultural capital of the United States. Secondary sources are supplemented by primary sources such as maps, diaries, journals, letters and government documents.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 135",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-135",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-135.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000460",
    "code": "HIST 136",
    "title": "African-American History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Survey of major developments in the history of Africans in America from the colonial era to the present day. Themes will include changes in the legal status of Africans in America, evolving ideas about racial identity, and the politics of civil rights. Topics will include the economics of slavery, African cultural survival, and the roles of religion and family in black communities. Major events surveyed include the Civil War, Reconstruction, the Great Migration, the Harlem Renaissance, the Civil Rights Movement, the Black Power Movement, and recent changes in black America due to immigration.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 136",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-136",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-136.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000461",
    "code": "HIST 140",
    "title": "Latin American History I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of Latin American and Caribbean history from pre-Columbian times through the age of exploration, conquest, and colonization. The course will examine the social, political, economic and cultural institutions of theAztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations as well as those of the Spanish and Portuguese, English, French, and Dutch empires. Special emphasis will be given to the conflicts between indigenous and European cultures, their fusion and theemergence of a new and distinct Latin American Civilization.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 140",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-140",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-140.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000462",
    "code": "HIST 141",
    "title": "Latin American History II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of Latin American and Carribean history from Independence (1800) to the present. The course will focus on problems of nation-building, caudillismo, modernization, social change and cultural development. The experience of individual states will be examined, but specific emphasis will be given to events and developments that are representative of continental-wide trends.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 141",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-141",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-141.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000463",
    "code": "HIST 152",
    "title": "Women In World History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A comparative historical exploration of women's roles in public and private life in various world societies from the Paleolithic era to the Eighteenth century. Particular emphasis will be placed upon the contribution women have made to political, intellectual, economic and social developments within diverse cultures. Topics discussed will include: male and female perceptions of sex roles and gender norms in various societies; women's roles within the family; modes of social, economic and political participation for women outside the family; female education, and gynecological knowledge. Readings will be drawn from a wide array of primary sources, as well as important secondary literature.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 152",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-152",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-152.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000464",
    "code": "HIST 178",
    "title": "Special Topics in History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to enhance student understanding in an area not covered by current department offerings. Topics may change each semester, depending upon student and instructor interest. Course descriptions will be available inthe Department of History office before registration. Students may repeat this course for credit, but may not repeat the same topic.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 178",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-178",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-178.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000465",
    "code": "HIST 179",
    "title": "Special Topics in History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to enhance student understanding in an area not covered by current department offerings. Topics may change each semester, depending upon student and instructor interest. Course descriptions will be available inthe Department of History office before registration. Students may repeat this course for credit, but may not repeat the same topic.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 179",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-179",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-179.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000466",
    "code": "HIST 199",
    "title": "History Liberal Arts Elective",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "History Liberal Arts Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 199",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-199",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-199.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000467",
    "code": "HIST 204",
    "title": "Topics in History of Slavery",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores slavery in its social, cultural, and economic contexts. Each semester may focus on different time periods. The problems to be investigated include the origins and development of chattel slavery in theses societies; the impact of slave systems on the socio-economic structures and cultures of their host societies; the effort of slaves to exercise agency through accommodation of resistance; and the role and frequency of manumission in various societies.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 204",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-204",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-204.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000468",
    "code": "HIST 205",
    "title": "First World War I: 1914-1918",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the history and impact of this seminal catastrophe of the twentieth century: the First World War, 1914-1918. This course examines the history, as well as cultural, ideological and intellectual impact of the war. It focuses on Europe, Asia, the Middle East and the United States as well as on the revolutions that were caused by the war. The course discusses the historical context in which the war was fought and ended as well as how it impacted the history of the decades to follow the events of 1914-1918.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 205",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-205",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-205.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000469",
    "code": "HIST 206",
    "title": "History Of World War II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course will examine the Second World War from a global perspective, and include land, sea, and aerial operations. It will examine the battles and campaigns of the war, as well as the experiences of civilians behind the lines. It will encompass the war's cultural, diplomatic, economic, political, social, and technological dimensions, as well as postwar issues.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 206",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-206",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-206.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000470",
    "code": "HIST 212",
    "title": "Pirates and the Sea",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course surveys the maritime history of the world by focusing on the history of maritime theft, or piracy, as a means to investigate the history of sea-borne trade; maritime aggression; littoral communities; and international law. Course readings will draw from a range of primary sources, including narrative histories; legal texts; and works of fiction, as well as selected readings from scholarly writing on the history of overseas trade, exploration, piracy, maritime warfare; and maritime law.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 212",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-212",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-212.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000471",
    "code": "HIST 218",
    "title": "Ancient Greek History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The course surveys the development of Ancient Greece from Bronze Age to the end of the Classical Period, discussing politics (for example the origin of democracy), culture (for example the origin of drama) and intellectual history. Reference will also be made to the influence of other advanced civilizations on Greece. Readings will be drawn from primary and secondary source material.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 218",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-218",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-218.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000472",
    "code": "HIST 222",
    "title": "Europe & the World Since 1945",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A survey of Europe's political, economic, and cultural role in the post-war world. Topics include: characteristics of modern industrialization, the politico-economic and social changes of the 'Third World,' the population explosion and the depletion of natural resources, terrorism and revolution, nuclear proliferation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 222",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-222",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-222.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000473",
    "code": "HIST 226",
    "title": "Women in America",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An analysis of women in the history of American civilization. Examines the impact of changes in the economy, technology, law, culture, and society on the status of women and explores women's perceptions of themselves. Among topics considered are the work roles of women, the historical experience of women of differing classes and ethnic groups, women and reform in the nineteenth century, the political activity of women before and after the nineteenth amendment to the Constitution, and current feminist movements.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 226",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-226",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-226.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000474",
    "code": "HIST 236",
    "title": "History of Germany",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A history of the German-speaking areas of central Europe with special focus on the time period since 1870. Topics include the first unification, the two world wars, Nazism, the Holocaust, and the contemporary Federal Republic.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 236",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-236",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-236.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000475",
    "code": "HIST 240",
    "title": "Environmental Hist Nor America",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores how human relations with the nonhuman world—including land, plants, water, wildlife, minerals, and disease—have helped inform, mediate, and shape broader social, political, economic, and cultural developments in North America and the United States from the pre-contact period to the recent past. The course examines the multiple ways in which human understandings, manipulations, and uses of the non-human, “natural” world—often resulting in unintended yet damaging consequences—have helped effect historical change over space and time.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 240",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-240",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-240.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000476",
    "code": "HIST 244",
    "title": "Modern Economic History",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "History of the global economy from the development of capitalism to contemporary economic issues including finance, trade, industrialism, energy, and business organization. Readings will be drawn from primary and secondary source material.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 244",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-244",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-244.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000477",
    "code": "HIST 250",
    "title": "Greek & Roman Mythology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an overview of Greek and Roman myths and their historical background. It shows the Eastern origins of many Greek and Roman myths and their influence on Western civilizations. The myths will be analyzed and discussed, and they will be placed in the context of their invention and their use by different periods and civilizations. Throughout the course, reference will be made to the adaptation of ancient Greek and Roman myths today.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 250",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-250",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-250.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000478",
    "code": "HIST 262",
    "title": "American Civil War & Reconstrc",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to introduce students to the major problems of the era of the U.S. American Civil War and Reconstruction. We will look at how this particular epoch reshaped the terms of warfare, freedom, and labor in the United States. Among the more important questions raised in this class will be how the issues of slavery and state’s rights divided the nation, the ramifications of the war on both the South and the North, and how emancipation and post-war Reconstruction succeeded by some measures and failed by others.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 262",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-262",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-262.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000479",
    "code": "HIST 265",
    "title": "The European Renaissance",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will analyze the political, economic, social, cultural, religious, and gender history of the European Renaissance, from approximately 1300-1650. The class will focus on the start of the Renaissance in Italy, examine the spread of the Renaissance into Northern Europe, explore the issues involved in new overseas encounters, as well as discuss the religious upheaval of the Reformation and Wars of Religion. A common theme will be grounding larger ideas associated with the Renaissance in the context of the social and cultural lives of men and women throughout European society. The readings for the class will focus on both primary and secondary sources.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 265",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-265",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-265.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000480",
    "code": "HIST 276",
    "title": "Immigration and Ethnic Groups",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Analyzes the American immigration experience and examines various ethnic groups that came to America; depicts their pre-immigration background and the historical causes of immigration; evaluates the impact of the immigrants on American history and of America upon the immigrants. Among themes to be examined are the historical development of the ghetto and American reception of immigrants.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 276",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-276",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-276.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000481",
    "code": "HIST 290",
    "title": "The Holocaust",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A study of the origins, events, resultst of and reactions to the Holocaust. Among topics discussed are: the sourcesn of anti-Semitism found in antiquity, the Middle Ages, and early modern Europe; racism in the nineteenth century, the development of the modern German state; the rise of Nazism, the process of genocide, the ghetto, Jewish resistance, and Christian efforts to aid the Jews; the world's reaction to the Holocaust; the effects on the survivors and their children; the literature of and the literary responses to the Holocaust and historical parallels. Readings include texts and literacy and historical sources; films and eyewitness testimony are a significant part of the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 290",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-290",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-290.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000482",
    "code": "HIST 291",
    "title": "Genocide in the Twentieth Cent",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Major political, economic, intellectual, social, and scientific factors are considered in order to understand the cause and nature of genocides in a global setting. The course traces the development of the concept of `Race' and the ideas and practices of annihilation and extermination in the twentieth century. Case-studies of, and comparisons amongst genocides from 1890 to the present construct a global history of the twentieth century in the context of genocide. Readings will be drawn from primary and secondary source material.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 291",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-291",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-291.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000483",
    "code": "HIST 292",
    "title": "Fascism, Nazism, and Communism",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the ideological and intellectual histories of the most impactful totalitarian ideologies and political practices of the twentieth century: Fascism in Italy, Nazism in Germany, and Communism in Soviet Russia and China. The course discusses the historical context in which these ideologies developed and flourished, as well the global impacts of the regimes that practiced them in the twentieth century.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 292",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-292",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/hist-292.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000484",
    "code": "HIST 295",
    "title": "Judaism, Christianity, & Islam",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The historical development of the three major Western religions. Among the topics to be discussed are: the relationships of the religions to the civilizations that encompassed them, major institutional developments, and the impact of modernity on their beliefs and practices.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/HIST 295",
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    "id": "queensborough-000485",
    "code": "INTE 219",
    "title": "Black, Race & Ethnic Studies",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This interdisciplinary course seeks to study the histories, literatures, cultures, and lived experiences of Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) as they navigate the institutional and social structures that help them strive and keep them oppressed. The course builds cultural competency and instructs students to explore how settler colonialism, imperialist capitalism, and other contemporary and historical inequities impede social justice. The course investigates the roots of racism, the construction of whiteness, and the perpetuation of anti-blackness. Further, it celebrates the hard-won victories that have helped to advance racial and ethnic diplomacy and ethnic joy.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000486",
    "code": "IS 151",
    "title": "The Health of The Nation",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course provides an examination of the health status of different populations in the United States. Concepts of epidemiology, health promotion and disease prevention are discussed. The characteristics of special populations are addressed, as are some of the major threats to the health, safety and welfare of individuals and society.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/IS 151",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000487",
    "code": "IS 198",
    "title": "Interdiscipline NonLib Art Ele",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Interdisciplinary Non-liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/IS 198",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000488",
    "code": "IS 199",
    "title": "Interdisciplinary Lib Art Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Interdisciplinary liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/IS 199",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000489",
    "code": "IS 220",
    "title": "Herbs:Nature's Pharmacy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce the health care student and the consumer to general concepts underlying the use of vitamins, minerals and herbs within a holistic health framework. Current research on the safety and efficiency of these supplements will be examined as well as the regulations governing their use.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/IS 220",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000490",
    "code": "LA 111",
    "title": "Elementary Arabic I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This is an introduction to Arabic language and culture for students who wish to develop basic listening, speaking, reading and writing skills in Arabic, and explore aspects of culture in Arabic-speaking countries. The alphabet, sound system and Arabic orthography will be covered, as well as elementary greetings and expressions. Students learn Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), with some exposure to colloquial Arabic forms. Weekly individual practice online or in the language laboratory is required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LA 111",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000491",
    "code": "LA 112",
    "title": "Elementary Arabic II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is the second half of a first-year course in Modern Standard Arabic. Emphasis is on the progressive development of listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, and learning basic grammatical constructs. Students continue to learn about cultural and social contexts of the Arabic-speaking world. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LA 112",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000492",
    "code": "LA 213",
    "title": "Intermediate Arabic I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Intermediate Arabic I continues to develop listening, speaking, reading and writing in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), and to foster acquaintance with colloquial variants of Arabic. New vocabulary, idiomatic phrases and grammatical structures will be introduced within the context of assignments that familiarize students with everyday activities in the Arabic-speaking world. Weekly individual listening, speaking and viewing activities in the language laboratory or online are part of the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LA 213",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000493",
    "code": "LB 101",
    "title": "Fund Of Information",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Students will learn to define information needs, access information through the design and implementation of effective search strategies, and identify and utilize a variety of online and print resources. They will acquire skills in the organization and communication of information, as well as the use of objective criteria to evaluate resources. The correct use and importance of citations will also be addressed, along with the ethical use of information with concomitant economic, legal and social issues.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LB 101",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000494",
    "code": "LC 111",
    "title": "Elementary Chinese I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to Chinese language and culture designed for students who have not learned Mandarin at home. Students will develop basic listening, speaking, reading and writing skills in Mandarin, and explore aspects of culture in Chinese-speaking countries. Both the pinyin Romanization system and characters will be introduced. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LC 111",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000495",
    "code": "LC 112",
    "title": "Elementary Chinese II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is the second half of a first-year course in Mandarin. Emphasis is on the progressive development of listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. Students continue to explore the culture of Chinese-speaking countries. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LC 112",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000496",
    "code": "LC 198",
    "title": "Chinese Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding non-liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit in the Chinese division of Department of Foreign Language and Literatures to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college, conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LC 198",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000497",
    "code": "LC 199",
    "title": "Chinese Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Chinese division of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LC 199",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000498",
    "code": "LC 213",
    "title": "Intermediate Chinese I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will continue to develop students’ communicative competence through the study of grammar, acquisition of new vocabulary, and practice of the four language skills – listening, speaking, reading and writing. Cultural material will be introduced at an appropriate level in order to foster students’ understanding and appreciation of the culture of Chinese-speaking countries. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LC 213",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000499",
    "code": "LC 311",
    "title": "Chinese Literature",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course aims to enhance students’ understanding of Chinese society and modern Chinese literature through the analysis of a series of essays and a short play. The emphasis is on improving students’ reading and academic writing skills through critical analysis, class discussions and writing assignments related to the readings.Placement by the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures Placement by the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LC 311",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000500",
    "code": "LC 312",
    "title": "Chinese Short Stories",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course aims to enhance students’ understanding of the Chinese short story genre through the study and analysis of selected stories from contemporary authors. Selections reflect different social and cultural aspects of Chinese society.Placement by the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LC 312",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/lc-312.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000501",
    "code": "LC 321",
    "title": "Business Chinese I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed for advanced speakers of Chinese. The curriculum provides advanced training in Chinese speaking, reading and writing skills using original business related materials. The emphasis of the course is on the mastery of general vocabulary and language structures used in the area of business. Social and behavioral cultural codes are also covered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LC 321",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000502",
    "code": "LC 401",
    "title": "Chinese Culture and Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers an in-depth exploration of Chinese culture and society, examining historical, contemporary, and future perspectives through major literary texts, short films, news articles, videos etc. Students will build a foundational understanding of Chinese cultural, social, linguistic, ideological, educational, and political landscapes. The curriculum integrates lectures, readings, discussions, and short films viewing, fostering critical analysis of Chinese philosophies, values, communication styles, and social norms. Through research-based learning and self-reflection, students will develop an informed and articulate comprehension of Chinese culture. This course will be taught in English.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LC 401",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/lc-401.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000503",
    "code": "LF 111",
    "title": "Elementary French I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to French language and culture designed for students who have no previous background in French. Students will develop basic listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, and explore aspects of French and Francophone cultures. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course. Elements of French grammar; learning to understand and speak the language. Intensive oral practice, as well as practice in writing simple compositions. Weekly attendance in the Language Laboratory is required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LF 111",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000504",
    "code": "LF 112",
    "title": "Elementary French II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is the second half of a first-year course in French. Emphasis is on the progressive development of listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. Students continue to explore the culture of France and Francophone countries. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LF 112",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000505",
    "code": "LF 198",
    "title": "French Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding non-liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit in the French division of Department of Foreign Language and Literatures to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college, conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LF 198",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000506",
    "code": "LF 199",
    "title": "French Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the French division of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LF 199",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000507",
    "code": "LF 213",
    "title": "Intermediate French I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is for students who wish to strengthen and expand their vocabulary and knowledge of grammar, and improve their ability to converse on everyday subjects. Students will be exposed to contemporary social and cultural issues of the French-speaking world through film and multimedia. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LF 213",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000508",
    "code": "LF 214",
    "title": "Intermediate French II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course emphasizes authentic texts, more complex grammar, and practice in oral and written expression. Social and historical topics relating to France and the Francophone world presented through literary texts, film and multimedia will form the basis for discussion and writing assignments. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course. This course is appropriate for heritage speakers.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LF 214",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000509",
    "code": "LF 401",
    "title": "French & Francophone Cultures",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A civilization course featuring contemporary France and selected French-speaking countries or regions of Africa, North America, the Caribbean and the Far East with emphasis on the diversity of cultures within the French-speaking world. The course will be taught in English. This course does not fulfill the foreign language requirement.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LF 401",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/lf-401",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/lf-401.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000510",
    "code": "LG 111",
    "title": "Elementary German I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to German language and culture designed for students who have no previous background in German. Students will develop basic listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, and explore aspects of culture in German-speaking countries. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LG 111",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/lg-111",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/lg-111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000511",
    "code": "LG 112",
    "title": "Elementary German II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is the second half of a first-year course in German. Emphasis is on the progressive development of listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. Students continue to explore the culture of German-speaking countries. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LG 112",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/lg-112",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/lg-112.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000512",
    "code": "LG 198",
    "title": "German Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding non-liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit in the German division of Department of Foreign Language and Literatures to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college, conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LG 198",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/lg-198",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/lg-198.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000513",
    "code": "LG 199",
    "title": "German Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the German division of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LG 199",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/lg-199",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/lg-199.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000514",
    "code": "LG 401",
    "title": "Culture in German Speaking Cou",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will be exposed to and discuss cultural developments in German-speaking countries including their role the European Union. They will read English translations of contemporary writings and apply an interdisciplinary approach to texts, films, and music, focusing on various facets of life and culture. Students will also attend cultural events in New York City. This course will be taught in English. This course does not fulfill the foreign language requirement.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LG 401",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/lg-401",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/lg-401.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000515",
    "code": "LH 112",
    "title": "Elementary Hebrew II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is the second half of a first-year course in Hebrew. Emphasis is on the progressive development of listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. Students continue to explore Israel and Jewish culture. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LH 112",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/lh-112",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/lh-112.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000516",
    "code": "LH 198",
    "title": "Hebrew Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding non-liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit in the Hebrew division of Department of Foreign Language and Literatures to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college, conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LH 198",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/lh-198",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/lh-198.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000517",
    "code": "LH 199",
    "title": "Hebrew Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Hebrew division of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LH 199",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/lh-199",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/lh-199.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000518",
    "code": "LH 215",
    "title": "Intermed Hebrew Conversation",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Intensive practice in spoken Hebrew for those who have covered the fundamentals of grammar, and desire to develop further fluency in communicating. Not designed for native speakers of the language.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LH 215",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/lh-215",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/lh-215.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000519",
    "code": "LI 111",
    "title": "Elementary Italian I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to Italian language and culture designed for students who have no previous background in standard Italian. Students will develop basic listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, and explore aspects of Italian culture. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LI 111",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/li-111",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/li-111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000520",
    "code": "LI 112",
    "title": "Elementary Italian II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is the second half of a first-year course in Italian. Emphasis is on the progressive development of listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. Students continue to explore Italian culture. Weekly listening, speaking, and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000521",
    "code": "LI 198",
    "title": "Italian Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding non-liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit in the Italian division of Department of Foreign Language and Literatures to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college, conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000522",
    "code": "LI 199",
    "title": "Italian Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Italian division of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LI 199",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000523",
    "code": "LI 213",
    "title": "Intermediate Italian I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an opportunity to acquire increased fluency in spoken Italian with an emphasis on natural, colloquial usage. New vocabulary, idiomatic phrases and grammatical structures will be introduced in a cultural context. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LI 213",
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    "id": "queensborough-000524",
    "code": "LI 401",
    "title": "Italian Culture through Film",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will be introduced to important themes of Italian culture by viewing and analyzing representative Italian films from the post-World War II era to the present. Topics examined include: the family, how World War II has shaped contemporary Italian culture, Italy as a country of emigrants and immigrants, and organized crime. This course will be conducted in English, and all films will have English subtitles. This course does not fulfill the foreign language requirement.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LI 401",
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    "id": "queensborough-000525",
    "code": "LS 111",
    "title": "Elementary Spanish I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to Spanish language and culture designed for students who have no previous background in Spanish. Students will develop basic listening, speaking, reading and writing skills, and explore aspects of Spanish and Spanish-American cultures. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 111",
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    "id": "queensborough-000526",
    "code": "LS 112",
    "title": "Elementary Spanish II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course is the second half of a first-year course in Spanish. Emphasis is on the progressive development of listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. Students continue to explore Spanish and Spanish-American cultures. Weekly listening, speaking, and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 112",
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    "id": "queensborough-000527",
    "code": "LS 198",
    "title": "Spanish Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding non-liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit in the Spanish division of Department of Foreign Language and Literatures to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college, conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000528",
    "code": "LS 199",
    "title": "Spanish Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Spanish division of the Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000529",
    "code": "LS 213",
    "title": "Intermediate Spanish I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will continue to develop students’ communicative competence through the study of grammar, acquisition of new vocabulary, and practice of the four language skills – listening, speaking, reading and writing. Cultural material will be introduced in order to broaden students’ understanding and appreciation of Spanish-speaking cultures. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 213",
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    "id": "queensborough-000530",
    "code": "LS 214",
    "title": "Intermediate Spanish II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course emphasizes authentic texts, more complex grammar, and practice in oral and written expression. Social and historical topics of Spanish-speaking countries presented through literary texts, film and multimedia will form the basis for discussion and writing assignments. Weekly listening, speaking and viewing activities online or in the language laboratory are part of the course.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 214",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000531",
    "code": "LS 215",
    "title": "Interm Spa Conv I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Intensive practice in spoken Spanish for those who have covered the fundamentals of grammar, and desire to develop further fluency in communicating. Not designed for native speakers of the language.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 215",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000532",
    "code": "LS 221",
    "title": "Read & Write Spanish Speaker I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This class is designed for students whose greatest exposure to Spanish has been in the home and the community rather than in the classroom. The program builds on the linguistic knowledge that students already bring to the classroom and develops their oral and written language skills through the analysis, comparison and evaluation of current social issues in Spain and Latin America.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 221",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000533",
    "code": "LS 222",
    "title": "Read & Write Spanish Speakr II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Moving beyond the mechanics of composition in Spanish, this course emphasizes different genres of writing in the heritage language such as description, report and narration. Readings and class discussions focus on contemporary Spanish and Latin American cultures, politics and art.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 222",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000534",
    "code": "LS 223",
    "title": "Read & Write Spanish Speak III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course emphasizes different genres of writing in the heritage language, focusing on strategies used in expository, persuasive and argumentative writing. Readings and class discussions focus on contemporary Spanish and Latin American cultures, politics and art.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 223",
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    "id": "queensborough-000535",
    "code": "LS 300",
    "title": "Int Spanish for Health Care",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Intermediate Spanish for Health Care Professionals will provide current and future health professionals with language tools to develop effective cross-cultural interaction with Spanish-speaking patients. It focuses on understanding oral and written narratives to build proficiency in the language through specific vocabulary and grammatical structures, besides cultivating cultural self-reflection. It immerses students in current debates on history, and bioethics, focusing on health disciplines and professions. This course will be taught in the target language.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 300",
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    "id": "queensborough-000536",
    "code": "LS 312",
    "title": "Spanish Lit 20th Century",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Study of major literary movements and authors in Spain from the Generation of 1898 to the present. Analysis of the works and philosophical thought of Unamuno, Ortega y Gasset, Benavente, Garcia Lorca, and the writers of the post-Civil War period, such as Cela and Delibes. Readings and discussion in Spanish.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 312",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000537",
    "code": "LS 315",
    "title": "Read Cont Spanish-American Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Analysis and discussion of representative works of contemporary Spanish-American authors. Readings and discussion in Spanish.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 315",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000538",
    "code": "LS 401",
    "title": "Spain Today",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course analyzes the evolution of contemporary Spanish culture and society through the reading and discussion of such aspects as politics, customs, regional distinctions, art, music, and cinema. The course will be taught in English.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 401",
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    "id": "queensborough-000539",
    "code": "LS 402",
    "title": "Latin Amer & Caribb Cult Today",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A journey into contemporary Latin American and Caribbean cultures through the reading and discussion of politics, customs, art, music and cinema. This course will be taught in English. This course does not fulfill the foreign language requirement.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 402",
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    "id": "queensborough-000540",
    "code": "LS 410",
    "title": "Women Spanish Soc and Culture",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Representations of Women in Spanish Society and Culture will closely examine and evaluate the evolving perceptions, gender stereotypes, and social roles that Spanish women have played in society and culture through a historical period of more than a hundred years. Starting with late nineteenth-century novels, students will explore common character types such as the Angel in the House, the Fallen Woman, and the Bored Wife. Other characterizations, like the emergence of the Modern Woman in the first half of the 20th century, will be seen in essays, newspaper clippings, and contemporary fashion magazines. The focus will also be placed on the recurrent tension between oppression and sexual liberation, and the gradual women?s empowerment, as reflected in films, short stories, and plays produced during the Second Republic (1931-36), the Francoist regime (1939-1975) and the restoration of democracy (1977-present day).",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 410",
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    "id": "queensborough-000541",
    "code": "LS 411",
    "title": "Hispanic Avant-Garde in Lit",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course examines the Hispanic world's unconventional and innovative art and literature, from the Modernism era to the Avant-garde movements of the 20s and 30s. Through an in-depth examination of artistic movements that challenged traditional norms and their cultural impact, such as Gaudí's architectural masterpieces, Frida Kahlo’s self-portrayals, Buñuel's surrealist films, Garcia Lorca's avant-garde poetry, and Borges short stories, students will analyze the unconventional and innovative art and literature of the Hispanic world. The course places a strong emphasis on developing critical thinking, reading, and writing skills through various assignments, peer review, and revision. The course adheres to Quality Matters standards and offers a dynamic blend of multimedia, discussions, readings, and collaborative learning. By the end of the course, students will have a comprehensive understanding of Hispanic avant-garde art and literature, as well as improved writing skills. This course will be taught in English. This course does not fulfill the foreign language requirement.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LS 411",
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    "id": "queensborough-000542",
    "code": "LX 111",
    "title": "Elementary Foreign Language I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding transfer credit for Elementary Foreign Language I course work completed at another college or through AP courses, in a foreign language which is not currently taught at Queensborough. .",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LX 111",
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    "id": "queensborough-000543",
    "code": "LX 112",
    "title": "Elementary Foreign Language II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding transfer credit for Elementary Foreign Language II course work completed at another college or through AP courses, in a foreign language which is not currently taught at Queensborough.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LX 112",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/lx-112.md"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000544",
    "code": "LX 199",
    "title": "Languages Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to foreign languages courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses and are in foreign languages which are not currently taught at Queensborough.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LX 199",
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    "id": "queensborough-000545",
    "code": "LX 213",
    "title": "Intermed Forgn Language I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding transfer credit for Intermediate Foreign Language I course work completed at another college or through AP courses, in a foreign language which is not currently taught at Queensborough",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LX 213",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000546",
    "code": "LX 214",
    "title": "Intermediate Foreign Lang II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding transfer credit for Intermediate Foreign Language I course work completed at another college or through AP courses, in a foreign language which is not currently taught at Queensborough.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/LX 214",
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    "id": "queensborough-000547",
    "code": "MA 8M005",
    "title": "Dept Math Exemp MA 5",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Dept Math Exemp MA 5 Based On MA Department Recommendation",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 8M005",
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    "id": "queensborough-000548",
    "code": "MA 8M010",
    "title": "Dept Math Exemp MA 10",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Dept Math Exemp MA 10 Based On MA Department Recommendation",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 8M010",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000549",
    "code": "MA 8M013",
    "title": "Dept Math Exemp MA 13",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Dept Math Exemp MA 13 Based On MA Department Recommendation",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 8M013",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000550",
    "code": "MA 8M114",
    "title": "Dept Math Exemp MA 114",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Dept Math Exemp MA114 Based On MA Department Recommendation",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 8M114",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000551",
    "code": "MA 8M119",
    "title": "Dept Math Exemp MA 119",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Dept Math Exemp MA 119 Based On MA Department Recommendation",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 8M119",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000552",
    "code": "MA 8M120",
    "title": "Dept Math Exemp MA 120",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Dept Math Exemp MA 120 Based On MA Department Recommendation",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 8M120",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000553",
    "code": "MA 8M260",
    "title": "Dept Math Exemp MA 260",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Dept Math Exemp MA 260 Based On MA Department Recommendation",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 8M260",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000554",
    "code": "MA 8M301",
    "title": "Dept Math Exemp MA 301",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Dept Math Exemp MA 301 Based On MA Department Recommendation",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 8M301",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000555",
    "code": "MA 8M321",
    "title": "Dept Math Exemp MA 321",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Dept Math Exemp MA 321 Based On MA Department Recommendation",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 8M321",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000556",
    "code": "MA 8M440",
    "title": "Dept Math Exemp MA 440",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Dept Math Exemp MA 440 Based On MA Department Recommendation",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 8M440",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000557",
    "code": "MA 8M441",
    "title": "Dept Math Exempt MA 441",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Dept Math Exemp MA 441 Based On MA Department Recommendation",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 8M441",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000558",
    "code": "MA 5XP",
    "title": "MA5 Express Workshop",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Basic mathematical and numerical concepts and skills. Topics include: whole numbers, fractions, decimals, ratio and proportion, percent, signed numbers, scientific notation, and geometric concepts. Workshop Format.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 5XP",
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    "title": "Elementary Algebra",
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    "code": "MA 10CI",
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    "hours": 0,
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    "code": "MA 10MS",
    "title": "Math Start",
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    "hours": 0,
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    "code": "MA 10WS",
    "title": "MA 10 Workshop",
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    "code": "MA 10XP",
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    "hours": 0,
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    "code": "MA 13XP",
    "title": "MA13 Express",
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    "hours": 0,
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    "code": "MA 19",
    "title": "College Algebra",
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    "hours": 0,
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    "code": "MA 45",
    "title": "Bridge to Coll Math Cont Stdts",
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    "code": "MA 49",
    "title": "Bridge to Coll Math New Stdnt",
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    "code": "MA 90",
    "title": "Algebra Bridge Workshop",
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    "hours": 0,
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "MA 114ALP",
    "title": "Coreq Supp Coll Alg&Trig Tech",
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    "hours": 0,
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    "hours": 3,
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      "queensborough-000961",
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    "code": "MA 121",
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    "id": "queensborough-000575",
    "code": "MA 128",
    "title": "Calculus for Tech & Bus Studnt",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Analytic geometry, curve sketching, differentiation and integration of algebraic, exponential, logarithmic, and trigonometric functions, maxima/minima, rectilinear motion, the definite integral, area and introduction to differential equations.",
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    "code": "MA 136",
    "title": "Introductory Statistics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Designed to provide students with an introduction to topics necessary for the understanding of statistics. The emphasis is on the mathematical skills germane to understanding probability, statistics, and linear programing. Topics will include applications of linear equations, problem solving strategies, basic concepts in probability, descriptive statistics, the normal distribution, correlation, and linear regression. (Experimental)",
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    "id": "queensborough-000577",
    "code": "MA 136ALP",
    "title": "Intro Statistics - Coreq",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This corequisite course explores the fundamentals of linear functions, graphing, sets, probability, statistics, problem solving, applications, in addition to necessary support needed to pass subject matter covered in MA-136. (Co-requisite Course, Experimental)",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000578",
    "code": "MA 198",
    "title": "Math Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Mathematics & Computer Science Non-liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
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    "id": "queensborough-000579",
    "code": "MA 199",
    "title": "Math Liberal Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Mathematics Liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
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    "id": "queensborough-000580",
    "code": "MA 301",
    "title": "Mathematics for Liberal Arts",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Designed to provide students with an understanding of how mathematics relates to the humanities, social and natural sciences. Students will obtain experience in solving realistic questions and applications using mathematical methods.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "queensborough-000947"
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    "id": "queensborough-000581",
    "code": "MA 301ALP",
    "title": "Mathematics for Liberal Arts",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide students with the concepts and skills that are required for an understanding of and performance in the companion MA 301 course. Topics include arithmetic of fractions, decimals, and percentages; linear equations and modelling; geometry of plane figures; the use of an appropriate calculator. (Co-requisite Course, Experimental)",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000582",
    "code": "MA 303",
    "title": "Number Systems",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to instruct students in areas of mathematics that are related to the elementary school curriculum, to enhance understanding of fundamental concepts, and to use current computer technologies with the concepts developed in the course as tools for solving problems. Topics covered will be chosen from numeration systems, number theory, mathematical systems, statistics and geometry. Recommended for future teachers.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000583",
    "code": "MA 315",
    "title": "Topics In Math",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Topics emphasizing a fundamental understanding of mathematical concepts and problem solving may include ratio, proportion, number theory, concepts in mathematics from a historical point of view, logic, advanced topics in mathematics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 315",
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    "id": "queensborough-000584",
    "code": "MA 321",
    "title": "Math In Contemporary Society",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Designed to provide students with mathematical ideas and methods found in the social sciences, the arts, and in business. Topics will include fundamentals of statistics, scatterplots, graphics in the media, problem solving strategies, dimensional analysis, mathematics in music and art, and mathematical modeling. EXCEL will be used to explore real world applications.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000941",
      "queensborough-000943",
      "queensborough-000947",
      "queensborough-000967"
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    "id": "queensborough-000585",
    "code": "MA 321ALP",
    "title": "Math in Contemporary Society",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Fundamentals of statistics, graphing, solving linear equations by graphing and algebraic methods, word problems, slope and y-intercept, applications, in addition to necessary support needed to pass subject matter covered in MA-321. (Co-requisite Course)",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000586",
    "code": "MA 335",
    "title": "Statistics with Basic Algebra",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Statistics with Basic Algebra complements an introduction to statistics with selected basic algebra concepts of relevance to an appropriate study of statistics. After developing the skills relevant to basic manipulation of rational numbers, decimals, and square root, as well as graphing linear functions, students are exposed to the traditional topics of introduction to statistics including sampling, descriptive statistics, probability theory, the binomial and normal distributions, confidence intervals and tests of hypotheses. A professional statistical software package will be used. This course is recommended for non-STEM majors and does not give equivalence for MA-336. Students who earned credit for MA-119 with a C or better cannot take MA-335. Students who earned credit for MA-336 cannot take MA-335. Experimental.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "id": "queensborough-000587",
    "code": "MA 336",
    "title": "Statistics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introduction to statistics and the use of a professional statistical software package. Topics include: descriptive statistics; probability; binomial and normal distributions; sampling; confidence intervals and tests of hypotheses.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000934",
      "queensborough-000955",
      "queensborough-000956",
      "queensborough-000957",
      "queensborough-000958",
      "queensborough-000959",
      "queensborough-000963"
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    "id": "queensborough-000588",
    "code": "MA 440",
    "title": "Pre-Calculus Mathematics",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Mathematical foundations necessary for the study of the calculus. An introduction to analytic geometry, and the elementary functions of analysis, including algebraic, trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions. The use of the graphing calculator will be included. Please note that students must complete both MA-119 and MA-121, with a C or better in both courses, or MA-114 with a grade of C or better, or MA-120 with a grade of C or better to register for MA-440.",
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    "program_ids": [
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      "queensborough-000936",
      "queensborough-000938",
      "queensborough-000942",
      "queensborough-000943",
      "queensborough-000944",
      "queensborough-000945",
      "queensborough-000949",
      "queensborough-000952",
      "queensborough-000953",
      "queensborough-000961",
      "queensborough-000962",
      "queensborough-000964",
      "queensborough-000965",
      "queensborough-000966"
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    "id": "queensborough-000589",
    "code": "MA 441",
    "title": "Analytic Geometry & Calc I",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Functions and graphs; derivatives of algebraic and trigonometric functions with applications; the indefinite and definite integrals with applications; the fundamental theorem of integral calculus; conic sections. Students will develop problem solving skills and construct mathematical models in the computer laboratory using software such as MAPLE, DERIVE, CONVERGE, and MATHCAD.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000928",
      "queensborough-000931",
      "queensborough-000932",
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      "queensborough-000936",
      "queensborough-000942",
      "queensborough-000943",
      "queensborough-000945",
      "queensborough-000949",
      "queensborough-000952",
      "queensborough-000953",
      "queensborough-000961",
      "queensborough-000962",
      "queensborough-000965",
      "queensborough-000966"
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    "id": "queensborough-000590",
    "code": "MA 442",
    "title": "Analytic Geometry & Calc II",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Coordinated continuation of MA-441 (Analytic Geometry and Calculus I); transcendental functions; integration by various techniques; parametric equations; infinite series. Students will develop problem solving skills and construct mathematical models in the computer laboratory using software such as MAPLE, DERIVE, CONVERGE, and MATHCAD.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000935",
      "queensborough-000942",
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      "queensborough-000962"
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    "id": "queensborough-000591",
    "code": "MA 443",
    "title": "Anl Geom & Calc III",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Continuation of MA-442 (Analytic Geometry and Calculus II): solid analytic geometry and vectors; partial derivatives; multiple integrals; infinite series. Students will develop problem solving skills and construct mathematical models in the computer laboratory using software such as MAPLE, DERIVE, CONVERGE, and MATHCAD.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000935",
      "queensborough-000949"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000592",
    "code": "MA 451",
    "title": "Differential Equations",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Methods of solving ordinary differential equations with physics, engineering and computer applications; solutions by series. Students will solve application problems using software such as MAPLE.",
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      "queensborough-000949"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000593",
    "code": "MA 461",
    "title": "Linear Algebra",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Vector spaces; systems of linear equations; determinants; linear operations; matrices; eigenvalues and eigenvectors.",
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      "queensborough-000949"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 461",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000594",
    "code": "MA 471",
    "title": "Introduction to Discrete Math",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Concepts in set theory, functions, logic, proofs, elementary number theory, introduction to abstract algebra.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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      "queensborough-000935",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000595",
    "code": "MA 481",
    "title": "Probability and Statistics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Axioms of probability, combinatorial methods, conditional probability, discrete and continuous random variables and distributions, binomial, Poisson, normal and exponential distributions, independent discrete random variables, Law of Large Numbers and the Central Limit Theorem, expectation, confidence intervals and test of hypotheses.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000949"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 481",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000596",
    "code": "MA 801",
    "title": "Indepn Stdy Math",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Intended for students who have completed the calculus sequence and who wish to investigate, in an individual manner, a topic chosen from advanced mathematics and/or computer science. Each student works individually with a faculty member and is assigned readings and problems in his/her chosen topic. Formal meetings occur at least once a week depending on the student's needs, and the student's grade is determined both by the problems assigned and a final examination.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000597",
    "code": "MA 901",
    "title": "Internship in Math Teaching",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Intrested students should contact the course coordinator during the semester prior to registration. MA-901 can be taken as a free elective in any curriculum, and can be applied to the major concentration but not the basic liberal arts and sciences core of the A.S. (Mathematics and Science) curriculum.The cooperative education experience in mathematics is designed to provide pedagogical training and support to students who are interested in pursuing careers in mathematics education and other mathematics-related field. The student will be required to (a) work a minimum of 90 hours as a mathematics tutor in the Math Center; (b) participate in required individual and small group conferences; (c) participate in six seminars; and (d) keep a student log or journal. Students will be evaluated by the course coordinator and will earn a grade of Pass or Fail.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000598",
    "code": "MA 905",
    "title": "Undergraduate Research in Math",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "MA-905 will focus on a specific research question or topic to be announced in advance and will vary each semester as well as it will vary by section. Descriptions of the research topic in a particular section in a particular semester will be available in the Math & CS Department before registration. Areas of research include but are not limited to: Mathematical Modeling, Simulations, Computer Coding or Web Design, Statistical Research, Logic, Algebra, Geometry, Number Theory, Actuarial Science, Signal Processing, Mathematical Neuroscience, Dynamical Systems, Pedagogical Research (in Math), and History of Mathematics. Prerequisites: MA-440 or permission of the Department. Students need permission from the instructor in order to register for a section of this course. In addition, they need a letter of recommendation from a Math & CS instructor who has had the student in a college level class. Hours and credits: 90 hours of research, 2 credits",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000599",
    "code": "MA 906",
    "title": "Undergraduate Research in Math",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "MA 906 will be offered exclusively to student-faculty pairs working on a research question or topic started in MA 905 but that requires a second semester of research to be completed in a meaningful way. Students need permission from the instructor in order to register for a section of this course. Hours and credits: 90 hours of research, 2 credits",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 906",
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    "id": "queensborough-000600",
    "code": "MA 951",
    "title": "Coop Ed Ma & Cs",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course provides an opportunity for students to integrate their mathematical studies with related work experience. Participation in conferences and seminars will be required. Evaluation of the cooperative education experience will be determined by periodic review of the student's log and journal, and a written evaluation by the exployer. A term paper will be required. Students receive a grade of \"P\" or \"F.\"",
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    "id": "queensborough-000601",
    "code": "MA 952",
    "title": "Coop Edu Math & Com Sci",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an opportunity for students to integrate their mathematical studies with related work experience. Participation in conferences and seminars will be required. Evaluation of the cooperative education experience will be determined by periodic review of the student's log and journal and a written evaluation by the employer. A term paper will be required. Students receive a grad of Pass or Fail.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 952",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000602",
    "code": "MA 999",
    "title": "Math Remedial Waiver",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Math Remedial Waiver",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MA 999",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000603",
    "code": "MP 101",
    "title": "Intro Recording Studio & Midi",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An exploration of the basic techniques and theories of multi-track recording and MIDI technology. Students apply principles by working with professional studio equipment in the Recording Studio Lab.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MP 101",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000604",
    "code": "MP 102",
    "title": "Digital Music Sequencing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the use of synthesizers and computers in the production of sequencer-based compositions. Students apply basic techniques by working with professional sequencing programs and synthesizers in the Music Technology Lab.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MP 102",
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    "id": "queensborough-000605",
    "code": "MP 103",
    "title": "Recording Techniques I: Studio",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An in-depth exploration into the function, applied principles and practical usage of recording studio equipment. Emphasis on skill development and consistency through hands-on experience and the completion of mixdown projects in the Recording Studio Lab.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MP 103",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000606",
    "code": "MP 204",
    "title": "Digital Sound Design",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "An introductory course designed to impart a basic knowledge and understanding of digital sound design. The study concentrates on electronically produced sound and the means by which it is generated,processed, and synthesized",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MP 204",
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    "id": "queensborough-000607",
    "code": "MP 205",
    "title": "Record Tech II: Studio Operatn",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An advanced course requiring the application of skills developed in MP-103. Students must organize, plan, set-up and engineer a variety of multi-track recording and mixdown sessions in the Q.C.C. Recording Studio or on location elsewhere on campus. Emphasis on solving studio-related problems and the development of appropriate engineer/recording artist communication techniques.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000608",
    "code": "MP 206",
    "title": "Virtual Instruments",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers advanced instruction in sound design, synthesis and digital audiousing virtual instruments and digital music recording applications. This advanced course will provide students with a comprehensive overview of the use of virtual instruments and digital audio in the recording process.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MP 206",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000609",
    "code": "MP 207",
    "title": "Microphones & Amplificatn Syst",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This class introduces students to the specifications and uses of microphones, power amps and loud speakers. Students learn the techniques of microphone placement. They also learn about the selection and setup of power amplifiers and match speakers for ideal system performance in studios and sound reinforcement.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MP 207",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000610",
    "code": "MP 208",
    "title": "Digital Recording",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers advanced instruction in sound design, synthesis and digital audio using Pro Tools Computer Music Applications. This advanced course will provide students with a comprehensive overview of the use of digital audio in professional sound production.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MP 208",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000611",
    "code": "MP 209",
    "title": "Recording Techniques III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A practical laboratory course in the techniques of a sound recording studio.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MP 209",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000612",
    "code": "MP 900",
    "title": "Co-op Edu Internshp Music Prod",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The cooperative education/internship experience in Music Production includes employment in a field experience that supplements classroom theory and laboratory instruction with related on-the-job professional training. Students are placed for a specific number of hours (minimum 90 hours), submit a daily work-experience E-Mail log to the MP Director and participate in a monthly seminar. A written evaluation by theemployer is submitted.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MP 900",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000613",
    "code": "MT 111",
    "title": "Technical Graphics",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Introduction to the theory and practice of basic engineering drawing. Use of drafting instruments, geometric constructions, lettering, multi-view projection, isometric and oblique drawings. Sectional and auxiliary views. Principles of dimensioning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 111",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000614",
    "code": "MT 122",
    "title": "Manufacturing Processes",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Production techniques in manufacturing, including introduction to materials, gauging, machining, welding, casting and molding, forming and finishing processes. Laboratory practice in the use of hand tools, machine tools, and precision-measuring instruments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 122",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000615",
    "code": "MT 124",
    "title": "Metallurgy and Materials",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students should also enroll in MT 125LAB. Matter; its existence, forms and combinations. Mechanical behavior and the structure-property relationships of materials. General properties and applications of metals, polymers, concrete and wood. Solidification of pure and alloyed metals. Introduction to phase diagrams. Solid solutions. Fundamentals of the Fe-C system. Principles of heat treating. Stainless steels. Corrosion. Overview of composite materials and their applications.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000952"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 124",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000616",
    "code": "MT 125",
    "title": "Metallurgy and Materials Lab",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The laboratory complement to MT-124. Students perform 'hands-on' experiments that emphasize the major topics discussed in MT-124. Students will be required to produce formal laboratory reports and deliver oral presentations.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 125",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000617",
    "code": "MT 140",
    "title": "Engineering Analysis",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "An introduction to general problem-solving methodology for the beginning engineering and technology student. The focus is on how to solve any kind of engineering analytical problem in a logical and systematic way. Starting from mathematical fundamentals, students are introduced to the analysis of problems from such fields as statics, strength of materials, electrical circuits, fluid mechanics and thermodynamics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 140",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000618",
    "code": "MT 161",
    "title": "Fund. of Comp Numerical Contrl",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The planning of manufacturing operations; production control and tooling, quality control, plant layout, time and motion study, and economic aspects of an enterprise. Laboratory practice in manufacturing techniques, inspection methods and use of automated machines applicable to modern production methods, including computer numerical control (CNC).",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 161",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000619",
    "code": "MT 198",
    "title": "Mech Engr Tech Non-Lib Art Ele",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Mechanical Engineering Technology and Design Draft Non-Liberal Arts and Sciences Elective",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 198",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000620",
    "code": "MT 293",
    "title": "Parametric Comp-Aided Design",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Use of mechanical design software to build parametric models of parts and assemblies. Students create parts using techniques such as extrude, revolve and sweep. Emphasis is on the concepts of design intent and scalability. Assemblies are created using appropriate geometric constraints. Theory of engineering graphics is covered so that appropriate working drawings can be created from the parametric models. Introduction to the theory and practice of basic engineering drawing and blueprint reading. Multi-view projection including sectional and auxiliary views. Principles of dimensioning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 293",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000621",
    "code": "MT 341",
    "title": "Applied Mechanics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Vector treatment of the static equilibrium of particles and rigid bodies. Equivalent force and couple systems. Distributed force systems. Application of basic analytical techniques to mechanical devices and structures. Centroids, center of gravity, moments of inertia. Friction and impending motion",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 341",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000622",
    "code": "MT 345",
    "title": "Strength of Materials",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Mechanics of materials. Analysis and design of members subjected to various combinations of loading. Stress and strain, beams, columns and members in torsion.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000952"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 345",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000623",
    "code": "MT 346",
    "title": "Strength of Materials Laborato",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Strength of materials laboratory experiments to determine mechanical properties of engineering materials using ASTM standard procedures. Use of micocomputer in processing laboratory data.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 346",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000624",
    "code": "MT 369",
    "title": "Comp Appl In Engineering Tech",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students in the MT curriculum need to be proficient in the latest application Essentials of applied computer technology used in the industrial environment. Students will advance their engineering skills by using state-of-the-artCAD/CAM MASTERCAM software to generate coding for CNC Machining and Turning Centers. Topics include creation of part geometry, stock sizing, material assignment, tool path generation, tool selection, entry of machining parameters,verification via solid model animation software, and post processing to generate a word address part program.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 369",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000625",
    "code": "MT 488",
    "title": "Computer Aided Design I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A general overview of how CAD operates in a modern design environment. Introduction to major commercial CAD software. Production of two dimensional images of design concepts. Introduction to the theory and practice of basic engineering drawing and blueprint reading. Multi-view projection including sectional and auxiliary views. Principles of dimensioning.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 488",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000626",
    "code": "MT 491",
    "title": "Comp Controlled Manufacturing",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Instruction to the concepts and practices associated with the set up, operation, and programming of CNC Turning Centers and Wire EDM's (Electrical Discharge Machines). Emphasis will be placed on using a CNC machine to cut in a two and four axis environment. Students will prepare and cut parts on a Kia CNC Turning Center with Fanuc Controller and a Sodick 4 axis wire EDM machine during laboratory time.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 491",
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    "id": "queensborough-000627",
    "code": "MT 492",
    "title": "Intro to Virtual Automation",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "A study of the principles and practices involved in conceiving, designing, producing and measuring products quickly and effectively, using the latest RP (Rapid Prototyping) methods and CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machines) technology. Students will learn Stereolithography Technology on a Z Corporation's 3D printer. Students will be instructed in the latest techniques in quality control and operate a Zeiss CNC controlled CMM.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MT 492",
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    "id": "queensborough-000628",
    "code": "MT 523",
    "title": "Thermodynamics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the science of thermodynamics. Properties of pure substances; concepts of work and heat; closed and open systems. Fundamental laws of thermodynamics. Carnot and Clasius statements of the 2nd law; entropy and entropy production; heat engines, refrigerators, heat pumps; efficiencies, coefficients of performance.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000629",
    "code": "MT 900",
    "title": "Cooperative Edu/Design Project",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students enrolled in the cooperative education experience are required to complete a project. Projects are formulated by the student and instructor and may include:employment experience or internship research on a topic or development of a designStudents participate in a weekly seminar and complete an additional minimum of 90 hours per semester. Students participating in internships submit complete written reports, related to the work experience. Students who complete research or design projects submit a written report containing a complete set of design prints and project descriptions. Students receive a grade or pass or fail.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000630",
    "code": "MUS 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introductory course designed to develop skills for informed listening, understanding, and appreciation of music. Basic elements including melody, harmony, rhythm, texture, and form are discussed and used to analyze significant periods of musical history within but not limited to the Western art music tradition. Required readings, listening, and concert attendance. Students may not receive credit for both MUS-101 and MUS-102. MUS-102 is intended for students who have a background in music.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 101",
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    "id": "queensborough-000631",
    "code": "MUS 102",
    "title": "European Classical Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This is an introductory course, designed to develop an understanding of the European classical music tradition of the 18th and 19th centuries. After an examination of the elements of music and principles of structure and design in music, representative works of the Baroque, Classical, and Romantic eras will be studied. The course aims to develop intelligent listening skills, and to promote an understanding of musical style. Students may not receive credit for both MUS-101 and MUS-102.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947",
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    "id": "queensborough-000632",
    "code": "MUS 103",
    "title": "Twentieth-Century Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The study of music literature and development of musical style and thought from the turn of the century to the present, including jazz and electronic music. Required readings, listening, and concert attendance.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000954"
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    "id": "queensborough-000633",
    "code": "MUS 104",
    "title": "Jazz: An Introduction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to jazz: the Afro-American roots, the development of styles for all seasons, the vocabulary and skills that will increase the enjoyment of listening to it. Outstanding works of the greatest performers are studied, as jazz is related to the world of music at large. Required readings, listening, and concert attendance.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000954"
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    "id": "queensborough-000634",
    "code": "MUS 105",
    "title": "Music Around the World",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A non-technical survey of the folk and traditional music of various cultures - American, Hispanic, African, Near Eastern, and Far Eastern. Listening techniques and basic musical terms included. Emphasis on understanding music in its cultural context. Required readings, listening, and concert attendance.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 105",
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    "id": "queensborough-000635",
    "code": "MUS 106",
    "title": "Special Topics in Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will focus on a specific theme, style or idea in music to be announced in advance and will vary by semester. Students will have the opportunity to explore specific musical topics in depth, while developing intelligent listening habits and an understanding of significant concepts in musical thought andpractice. Descriptions of the topic in a particular semester will be available prior to registration.Offered as needed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 106",
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    "code": "MUS 107",
    "title": "Special Topics in Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will focus on a specific theme, style or idea in music to be announced in advance and will vary by semester. Students will have the opportunity to explore specific musical topics in depth, whiledeveloping intelligent listening habits and an understanding of significant concepts in musical thought and practice. Descriptions of the topic in a particular semester will be available prior to registration.Offered as needed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 107",
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    "id": "queensborough-000637",
    "code": "MUS 111",
    "title": "Musicianship I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A course designed to introduce beginners to the basic elements of music theory and music performance, with a special focus on piano and singing. Topics include developing piano technique, singing notated music, and developing performance and analysis skills with fundamental elements such as meter, rhythm, intervals, scales and chords.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000951",
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    "id": "queensborough-000638",
    "code": "MUS 112",
    "title": "Musicianship II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A continuation of MUS-111 (or MU-208), focusing on developing further skills and fluency with fundamental elements of musical language, with regard to both performance and analysis. Applied topics include minor scales, diatonic harmony, seventh chords, more complex rhythmic structures, and musical composition.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000951",
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    "id": "queensborough-000639",
    "code": "MUS 121",
    "title": "Music Theory I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Designed to provide declared A.S. music majors with a solid theoretical understanding of the fundamentals of music. The basics of notation and rhythm are covered as well as the common diatonic scales, intervals, and chords used in tonal music. There is an accompanying keyboard and ear training component to the class that prepares the student for MUS-132 (Piano II) and MUS-124 (Sight Reading and Ear Training II). This course is intended for MUS-AS students only.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000954"
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    "id": "queensborough-000640",
    "code": "MUS 122",
    "title": "Music Theory II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers the basics of chord spacing, voice leading techniques as they apply to diatonic chord progressions and cadences including the use of the cadential six-four and dominant seventh chords. The class also provides an introduction to the species counterpoint and the use of non-chord tones.",
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    "code": "MUS 124",
    "title": "Sight Reading & Ear Train II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A continuation of the sight singing and ear training component of MUS-121 and MUS-112. Sight singing and dictation of more expansive diatonic melodies in multiple clefs and more extensive simple and compound rhythms.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 124",
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    "id": "queensborough-000642",
    "code": "MUS 132",
    "title": "Class Instruction in Piano II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Group instruction in various musical instruments and voice for both the music major and the community. Students will supply their own instruments, with the exception of the piano and the larger percussion and string instruments. These courses may not be applied to the liberal arts and sciences core for the A.A. or A.S. degree.",
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    "program_ids": [
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 132",
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    "id": "queensborough-000643",
    "code": "MUS 133",
    "title": "Class Instruction in Voice I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Group instruction in various musical instruments and voice for both the music major and the community. Students will supply their own instruments, with the exception of the piano and the larger percussion and string instruments. These courses may not be applied to the liberal arts and sciences core for the A.A. or A.S. degree.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 133",
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    "id": "queensborough-000644",
    "code": "MUS 134",
    "title": "Class Instruction in Voice II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Group instruction in various musical instruments and voice for both the music major and the community. Students will supply their own instruments, with the exception of the piano and the larger percussion and string instruments. These courses may not be applied to the liberal arts and sciences core for the A.A. or A.S. degree.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 134",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000645",
    "code": "MUS 137",
    "title": "Class Instruction Percussion I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Group instruction in various musical instruments and voice for both the music major and the community. Students will supply their own instruments, with the exception of the piano and the larger percussion and string instruments. These courses may not be applied to the liberal arts and sciences core for the A.A. or A.S. degree.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 137",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000646",
    "code": "MUS 141",
    "title": "Convocation I",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "A recital and master class hour for students, department ensembles, and guest performers meeting twice each month. Pass/Fail.Co-requisites: Individual Study in Music Performance I, II, III, IV",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000954"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 141",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000647",
    "code": "MUS 142",
    "title": "Convocation II",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "A recital and master class hour for students, department ensembles, and guest performers meeting twice each month. Pass/Fail.Co-requisites: Individual Study in Music Performance I, II, III, IV",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 142",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000648",
    "code": "MUS 143",
    "title": "Convocation III",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "A recital and master class hour for students, department ensembles, and guest performers meeting twice each month. Pass/Fail. Co-requisites: Individual Study in Music Performance I, II, III, IV",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 143",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000649",
    "code": "MUS 144",
    "title": "Convocation IV",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "A recital and master class hour for students, department ensembles, and guest performers meeting twice each month. Pass/Fail.Co-requisites: Individual Study in Music Performance I, II, III, IV",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 144",
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  },
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    "id": "queensborough-000650",
    "code": "MUS 164",
    "title": "Individual Study in Clarinet I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 164",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000651",
    "code": "MUS 168",
    "title": "Individual Study Saxophone I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 168",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-168",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000652",
    "code": "MUS 169",
    "title": "Individual Study Saxophone II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 169",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-169",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000653",
    "code": "MUS 178",
    "title": "Individual Study Piano I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 178",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000654",
    "code": "MUS 179",
    "title": "Individual Study Piano II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 179",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000655",
    "code": "MUS 180",
    "title": "Individual Study Percussion I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 180",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000656",
    "code": "MUS 181",
    "title": "Individual Study Percussion II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 181",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-181",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000657",
    "code": "MUS 182",
    "title": "Individual Study Guitar I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 182",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000658",
    "code": "MUS 183",
    "title": "Individual Study Guitar II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 183",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-183",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000659",
    "code": "MUS 184",
    "title": "Individual Study Voice I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 184",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-184",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000660",
    "code": "MUS 185",
    "title": "Individual Study Voice II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 185",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-185",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000661",
    "code": "MUS 201",
    "title": "The Business of Music",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will gain an understanding of the important concepts in the rapidly changing music industry and learn practical techniques and methods for promotion, legal representation, and monetization of musical content. Special attention will be given to creating effective communication skills in the industry, including self-promotion and branding. The course will offer an understanding of how audio-visual technology (AV/AI/VR) has shaped and defined recorded music and related music business models over the past 50 years.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 201",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000662",
    "code": "MUS 210",
    "title": "Music for Teachers of Children",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introductory course for education majors in the basic concepts of music education and music activities for children, and for elementary school teachers who wish to incorporate music into their daily curriculum. This course includes experiences in the basic language of music as well as a multi-cultural vocal repertoire for holidays, everyday singing and listening skills. The major components of this course are the combination of experiential classroom activities along with the development of skills in compliance with the guidelines set forth in the New York State Learning Standards for the Arts. No prerequisite.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 210",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-210",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000663",
    "code": "MUS 221",
    "title": "Music Theory III",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course expands basic tonal progressions with tonic expansions, seventh chords in inversions, secondary applied chords and pivot chord modulations. Chromaticism is introduced through the use of mode mixture and the use of fully diminished chords in major. The class continues to explore the concepts of species counterpoint.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000951"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 221",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000664",
    "code": "MUS 222",
    "title": "Music Theory IV",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course continues to explore chromaticism with the study of chromatic mediants, Neapolitan and augmented sixth chords. Enharmonic modulations and advanced use of the fully diminished seventh chord are covered as well as techniques for large scale musical analysis. Chord constructions beyond sevenths, modern use of the modes, symmetrical and synthetic scales are introduced.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 222",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-222.md"
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    "id": "queensborough-000665",
    "code": "MUS 223",
    "title": "Sight Reading & Ear Train III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A continuation of MUS-124. Sight singing and dictation of melodies with limited chromaticism, two part rhythms and diatonic harmonic dictation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 223",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-223.md"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000666",
    "code": "MUS 224",
    "title": "Sight Reading/Ear Training IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A continuation of MUS-223. Sight singing and dictation of chromatic and expansive melodies, mixed meter rhythms and expanded four-part harmonic dictation.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 224",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-224",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-224.md"
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    "id": "queensborough-000667",
    "code": "MUS 225",
    "title": "Jazz Theory & Improvisation I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An advanced theory course for performers of jazz. Chords, scales, and other theoretical materials are studied from the special viewpoint of the performing artist. Students will be expected to apply this study to improvisation on their own instruments. Some proficiency on an instrument or in voice is required.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000951"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 225",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-225.md"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000668",
    "code": "MUS 231",
    "title": "Class Instruction Piano III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Group instruction in various musical instruments and voice for both the music major and the community. Students will supply their own instruments, with the exception of the piano and the larger percussion and string instruments. These courses may not be applied to the liberal arts and sciences core for the A.A. or A.S. degree.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000951"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 231",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-231.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000669",
    "code": "MUS 232",
    "title": "Class Instruction in Piano IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Group instruction in various musical instruments and voice for both the music major and the community. Students will supply their own instruments, with the exception of the piano and the larger percussion and string instruments. These courses may not be applied to the liberal arts and sciences core for the A.A. or A.S. degree.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 232",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-232",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-232.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000670",
    "code": "MUS 250",
    "title": "Individual Study in Violin III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 250",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-250",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-250.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000671",
    "code": "MUS 251",
    "title": "Individual Study in Violin IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 251",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-251",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-251.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000672",
    "code": "MUS 252",
    "title": "Individual Study in Viola III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 252",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-252",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-252.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000673",
    "code": "MUS 253",
    "title": "Individual Study in Viola IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 253",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-253",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-253.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000674",
    "code": "MUS 254",
    "title": "Individual Study in Cello III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 254",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-254",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-254.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000675",
    "code": "MUS 255",
    "title": "Individual Study in Cello IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 255",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-255",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-255.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000676",
    "code": "MUS 256",
    "title": "Individual Stu Double Bass III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 256",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-256",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-256.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000677",
    "code": "MUS 257",
    "title": "Individual StudyDouble Bass IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 257",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-257",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-257.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000678",
    "code": "MUS 258",
    "title": "Individual Study in Harp III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 258",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-258",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-258.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000679",
    "code": "MUS 259",
    "title": "Individual Study in Harp IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 259",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-259",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-259.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000680",
    "code": "MUS 260",
    "title": "Individual Study in Flute III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 260",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-260",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-260.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000681",
    "code": "MUS 261",
    "title": "Individual Study in Flute IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 261",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-261",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-261.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000682",
    "code": "MUS 262",
    "title": "Individual Study in Oboe III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 262",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-262",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-262.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000683",
    "code": "MUS 263",
    "title": "Individual Study in Oboe IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 263",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-263",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-263.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000684",
    "code": "MUS 264",
    "title": "Individual Study Clarinet III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 264",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-264",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-264.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000685",
    "code": "MUS 265",
    "title": "Individual Study Clarinet IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 265",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-265",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-265.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000686",
    "code": "MUS 266",
    "title": "Individual Study Bassoon III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 266",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-266",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-266.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000687",
    "code": "MUS 267",
    "title": "Individual Study in Bassoon IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 267",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-267",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-267.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000688",
    "code": "MUS 268",
    "title": "Individual Study Saxophone III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 268",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-268",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-268.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000689",
    "code": "MUS 269",
    "title": "Individual Study Saxophone IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 269",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-269",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-269.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000690",
    "code": "MUS 270",
    "title": "Individual Study Trumpet III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 270",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-270",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-270.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000691",
    "code": "MUS 271",
    "title": "Individual Study Trumpet IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 271",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-271",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-271.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000692",
    "code": "MUS 272",
    "title": "Individual StdyFrench Horn III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 272",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-272",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-272.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000693",
    "code": "MUS 273",
    "title": "Individual StudyFrench Horn IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 273",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-273",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-273.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000694",
    "code": "MUS 274",
    "title": "Individual Study Trombone III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 274",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-274",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-274.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000695",
    "code": "MUS 275",
    "title": "Individual Study Trombone IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 275",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-275",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-275.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000696",
    "code": "MUS 276",
    "title": "Individual Study Tuba III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 276",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-276",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-276.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000697",
    "code": "MUS 277",
    "title": "Individual Study Tuba IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 277",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-277",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-277.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000698",
    "code": "MUS 278",
    "title": "Individual Study Piano III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 278",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-278",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-278.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000699",
    "code": "MUS 279",
    "title": "Individual Study Piano IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 279",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-279",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-279.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000700",
    "code": "MUS 280",
    "title": "Individual StudyPercussion III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 280",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-280",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-280.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000701",
    "code": "MUS 281",
    "title": "Individual Study Percussion IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 281",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-281",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-281.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000702",
    "code": "MUS 282",
    "title": "Individual Study Guitar III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 282",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-282",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-282.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000703",
    "code": "MUS 283",
    "title": "Individual Study Guitar IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 283",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-283",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-283.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000704",
    "code": "MUS 284",
    "title": "Individual Study Voice III",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 284",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-284.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000705",
    "code": "MUS 285",
    "title": "Individual Study Voice IV",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "One half or one hour of weekly private instruction in a specific instrument or voice for A.S., Music Degree Students. Final examination will consist of a performance jury.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 285",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000706",
    "code": "MUS 290",
    "title": "Study in Chamber Music Perfm I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Thirty minute weekly small-group instruction in chamber music. Prerequisites and/or co-requisites: Satisfactory score on Music Placement test and Consent of Instructor.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 290",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-290.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000707",
    "code": "MUS 291",
    "title": "Study in Chamber Music Perf II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Thirty minute weekly small-group instruction in chamber music. Prerequisites and/or co-requisites: Satisfactory score on Music Placement test and Consent of Instructor.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 291",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-291.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000708",
    "code": "MUS 401",
    "title": "Instrumental & Vocal Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Comprises a variety of small instrumental and/or vocal ensembles. Students rehearse and perform music selected from Classical, Gospel, Broadway, Pop, Jazz and Contemporary styles. Does not satisfy the performance courses requirement for the A.S., Music degree program.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000954"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 401",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000709",
    "code": "MUS 402",
    "title": "Instrumental & Vocal Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Comprises a variety of small instrumental and/or vocal ensembles. Students rehearse and perform music selected from Classical, Gospel, Broadway, Pop, Jazz and Contemporary styles. Does not satisfy the performance courses requirement for the A.S., Music degree program.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000954"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 402",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000710",
    "code": "MUS 403",
    "title": "Instrumental & Vocal Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Comprises a variety of small instrumental and/or vocal ensembles. Students rehearse and perform music selected from Classical, Gospel, Broadway, Pop, Jazz and Contemporary styles. Does not satisfy the performance courses requirement for the A.S., Music degree program.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000954"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 403",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000711",
    "code": "MUS 404",
    "title": "Instrumental & Vocal Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Comprises a variety of small instrumental and/or vocal ensembles. Students rehearse and perform music selected from Classical, Gospel, Broadway, Pop, Jazz and Contemporary styles. Does not satisfy the performance courses requirement for the A.S., Music degree program.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000954"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 404",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000712",
    "code": "MUS 405",
    "title": "Electronic Music Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Music production students perform original materials and innovative arrangements of known compositions and songs using a diverse range of electronic instruments including programable synthesizers, drum machines and computer laptops. The ensemble will have opportunities to combine their performances with other mediums such as live film, animation or dance. There can also be opportunities to perform outside of QCC, such as area high schools, giving students the experience of traveling and performing in different settings.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 405",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000713",
    "code": "MUS 407",
    "title": "Electronic Music Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Music production students perform original materials and innovative arrangements of known compositions and songs using a diverse range of electronic instruments including programable synthesizers, drum machines and computer laptops. The ensemble will have opportunities to combine their performances with other mediums such as live film, animation or dance. There can also be opportunities to perform outside of QCC, such as area high schools, giving students the experience of traveling and performing in different settings.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 407",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-407.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000714",
    "code": "MUS 408",
    "title": "Electronic Music Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Music production students perform original materials and innovative arrangements of known compositions and songs using a diverse range of electronic instruments including programable synthesizers, drum machines and computer laptops. The ensemble will have opportunities to combine their performances with other mediums such as live film, animation or dance. There can also be opportunities to perform outside of QCC, such as area high schools, giving students the experience of traveling and performing in different settings.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 408",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-408.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000715",
    "code": "MUS 411",
    "title": "Pop Choir",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A small vocal ensemble which rehearses and performs music in popular styles - jazz, pop, and musical theater. Pop Choir presents concerts at QCC and nearby community centers.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 411",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-411.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000716",
    "code": "MUS 412",
    "title": "Pop Choir",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A small vocal ensemble which rehearses and performs music in popular styles - jazz, pop, and musical theater. Pop Choir presents concerts at QCC and nearby community centers.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 412",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-412.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000717",
    "code": "MUS 413",
    "title": "Pop Choir",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A small vocal ensemble which rehearses and performs music in popular styles - jazz, pop, and musical theater. Pop Choir presents concerts at QCC and nearby community centers.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 413",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-413.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000718",
    "code": "MUS 414",
    "title": "Pop Choir",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A small vocal ensemble which rehearses and performs music in popular styles - jazz, pop, and musical theater. Pop Choir presents concerts at QCC and nearby community centers.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 414",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-414",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-414.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000719",
    "code": "MUS 421",
    "title": "Queensborough Chorus",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Study, rehearsal, and performance of choral literature of all eras.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 421",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-421.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000720",
    "code": "MUS 422",
    "title": "Queensborough Chorus",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Study, rehearsal, and performance of choral literature of all eras.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 422",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-422.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000721",
    "code": "MUS 423",
    "title": "Queensborough Chorus",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Study, rehearsal, and performance of choral literature of all eras.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 423",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-423.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000722",
    "code": "MUS 424",
    "title": "Queensborough Chorus",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Study, rehearsal, and performance of choral literature of all eras.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 424",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-424.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000723",
    "code": "MUS 461",
    "title": "Jazz Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Study, rehearsal, and performance of standard, contemporary, and original jazz compositions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 461",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-461.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000724",
    "code": "MUS 462",
    "title": "Jazz Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Study, rehearsal, and performance of standard, contemporary, and original jazz compositions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 462",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-462.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000725",
    "code": "MUS 463",
    "title": "Jazz Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Study, rehearsal, and performance of standard, contemporary, and original jazz compositions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 463",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-463",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-463.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000726",
    "code": "MUS 464",
    "title": "Jazz Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Study, rehearsal, and performance of standard, contemporary, and original jazz compositions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 464",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-464",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-464.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000727",
    "code": "MUS 471",
    "title": "Global Rhythms Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A hands-on introduction to drumming and percussion rhythms from around the world. Traditions studied and performed include but are not limited to classical, popular and contemporary music from Africa, Asia, Cuba, Brazil, Europe, the Middle East, and North America.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 471",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-471",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-471.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000728",
    "code": "MUS 472",
    "title": "Global Rhythms Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A hands-on introduction to drumming and percussion rhythms from around the world. Traditions studied and performed include but are not limited to classical, popular and contemporary music from Africa, Asia, Cuba, Brazil, Europe, the Middle East, and North America.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 472",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-472",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-472.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000729",
    "code": "MUS 473",
    "title": "Global Rhythms Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A hands-on introduction to drumming and percussion rhythms from around the world. Traditions studied and performed include but are not limited to classical, popular and contemporary music from Africa, Asia, Cuba, Brazil, Europe, the Middle East, and North America.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 473",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-473",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-473.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000730",
    "code": "MUS 474",
    "title": "Global Rhythms Ensemble",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A hands-on introduction to drumming and percussion rhythms from around the world. Traditions studied and performed include but are not limited to classical, popular and contemporary music from Africa, Asia, Cuba, Brazil, Europe, the Middle East, and North America.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 474",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-474",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-474.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000731",
    "code": "MUS 483",
    "title": "Improvisation Lab",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A performance-based course exploring the fundamentals of music improvisation and its application to jazz, contemporary, hip hop, and other popular styles. The course focuses on the experimentation of various techniques in a group setting, culminating in a public performance. All instrumentalists and vocalists are welcome",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 483",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-483",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-483.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000732",
    "code": "MUS 484",
    "title": "Improvisation Lab",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A performance-based course exploring the fundamentals of music improvisation and its application to jazz, contemporary, hip hop, and other popular styles. The course focuses on the experimentation of various techniques in a group setting, culminating in a public performance. All instrumentalists and vocalists are welcome",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 484",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-484",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-484.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000733",
    "code": "MUS 491",
    "title": "Performance Forum Songwrtr I",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Study, rehearsal, and performance of songs written in class.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/MUS 491",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-491",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/mus-491.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000734",
    "code": "NT 1",
    "title": "Prerequisite needed",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Prerequisite needed",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/NT 1",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/nt-1.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000735",
    "code": "NT 2",
    "title": "Transfer credit pending",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Transfer credit pending",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/NT 2",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/nt-2.md"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000736",
    "code": "NU 101",
    "title": "Safe & Effective Nurs Care I",
    "credits": 6.5,
    "hours": 6.5,
    "description": "NU 101 establishes the foundation for evidence-based practice by providing an introduction to the professional nursing role and responsibilities. The eight core competencies used as a framework that is congruent with the national health care goals are: professionalism, safety, assessment, patient-centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement and informatics. Students will be introduced to the nursing process which will guide them in the development of the knowledge, skills and attitudes necessary to perform the role of a professional nurse, with an emphasis on the aging population. Significant components of the course include effective communication; basic physical assessment; basic pharmacology; nutrition; perioperative care; principles of teaching/learning and infection control; and health promotion. A variety of teaching methodologies are used to facilitate the diverse learning needs of nursing students utilizing classroom and clinical experiences. Note: Admission to evening clinical sequence (NU-101) will be in the Fall semester only.Students may repeat only one nursing course (NU-101, NU-102, NU-201 or NU-202) in the Clinical Program. However, a repeat of NU-101 will require an approval from the Nursing Department Appeals Committee. This includes students who withdrew from a course after the first day, for any reason, and students who completed the course with a grade below C.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000957",
      "queensborough-000958",
      "queensborough-000959"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/NU 101",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/nu-101.md"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000737",
    "code": "NU 102",
    "title": "Safe & Effective Nurs Care II",
    "credits": 8.5,
    "hours": 8.5,
    "description": "NU 102 is designed to augment the fundamental principles for developing and implementing plans of care that improve outcomes for adult patients. The patient history, assessment, socio-cultural factors and best practices will be incorporated into the treatment plan. Utilizing the nursing process, students will integrate foundational knowledge and skills into the clinical practice. Practicum experiences will expose students to electronic documentation, collaborative care, medication administration and a variety of disease processes in a diverse patient population. Significant components of the course include care of the patient with sepsis, alterations in fluids and electrolytes, as well as cardiac, endocrine, gastro-intestinal and respiratory systems. Pharmacological and nutritional interventions will be integrated into the coursework. Various methodologies will be used to support the development of the eight core competencies.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000958"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/NU 102",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/nu-102.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000738",
    "code": "NU 110",
    "title": "Technical / Clinical Work Cred",
    "credits": 3.5,
    "hours": 3.5,
    "description": "Technical / Clinical Work Credit",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/NU 110",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/nu-110.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000739",
    "code": "NU 111",
    "title": "Fundamental Pathway to Nursing",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is designed to introduce and update the knowledge and skills of a student who has prior experience and knowledge regarding basic fundamental nursing skills, but has not had education regarding the professional, theoretical and conceptual aspects of the role of the professional registered nurse. The course will focus on the utilization of the nursing process, physical assessment of the client, biopsychosocial client needs with selected disease processes, gerontology, legal and ethical issues, electronic health records, documentation, pharmacology, and management and delegation practices. The course will consist of classroom discussion, laboratory skills practice and simulation, and clinical practice in a health care facility with a preceptor. The course will evaluate the students on the basic fundamental nursing skills required to advance to NU-102.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/NU 111",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/nu-111.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000740",
    "code": "NU 201",
    "title": "Safe & Effective Nurs Care III",
    "credits": 8.5,
    "hours": 8.5,
    "description": "NU 201 prepares students to provide comprehensive care to the child-bearing family with an emphasis on men's, women's and children's health care needs. The student will utilize evidence-based knowledge and critical thinking skills to apply concepts of family dynamics, socioeconomic issues, health and wellness, and cultural implications of health care. Risk reduction and disease prevention will be incorporated into nursing care. Significant components of the course include complex cardiac, oncological, genitourinary and gynecological disorders. Assessment and intervention in child and partner abuse will be addressed. Development of professional accountability continues, with an emphasis on writing, evidence-based research and leadership skills. The role of the nurse as a patient advocate and collaborative member of the interdisciplinary team continues. Students will continue to enhance the application of the eight core competencies in a variety of clinical health care settings.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000958"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/NU 201",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000741",
    "code": "NU 202",
    "title": "Safe & Effective Nurs Care IV",
    "credits": 8.5,
    "hours": 8.5,
    "description": "NU 202 provides the student with the knowledge and skills needed to manage patients with complex physiological and psychosocial needs. Opportunity is provided for increased self-direction in the management of care for groups of patients in acute care and community settings utilizing evidence-based research. Emphasis is on advanced assessment and critical thinking strategies to promote effective clinical decision making. Collaboration and interdisciplinary communication continue to be emphasized. Professional behaviors related to healthcare policy, financial regulations, and policy formation are discussed. Significant components of the course include multisystem failure, autoimmune and immune disorders, eating and childhood disorders, major psychiatric disorders, disaster preparedness, and population health. Advanced application of the eight core competencies are integrated into nursing practice.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000958"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/NU 202",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/nu-202",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/nu-202.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000742",
    "code": "NU 204",
    "title": "Nursing and Societal Forces",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will explore health care issues and concerns through the integration of knowledge from nursing, social, and political sciences. The legal, political, and ethical parameters of nursing will be examined within the framework of the wellness/ illness continuum. Strategies for the resolution of societal issues and concerns, which impact nursing and the health care delivery system, will be analyzed. This is a Writing Intensive course. Typically Offered Winter and Summer.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000956",
      "queensborough-000957",
      "queensborough-000958",
      "queensborough-000959"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/NU 204",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/nu-204.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000743",
    "code": "PE 198",
    "title": "Physical Educ Non-Lib Art Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Health, Physical Education and Dance to award Non- liberal arts and sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which does not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college, conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 198",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-198",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-198.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000744",
    "code": "PE 199",
    "title": "Phys Educ Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Health, Physical Education, and Dance to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 199",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-199",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-199.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000745",
    "code": "PE 401",
    "title": "Basketball",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to all of the fundamental skills of basketball: footwork, passing, shooting, rebounding, dribbling, defense and boxing out. The course will include executing some basic strategies such as give and go, screen and roll, and backdoor cuts. It will cover the rules of the game with a chance to officiate and keep a scorebook. The course will offer opportunitites for competitive games with an emphasis on teamwork and sportsmanship.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 401",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-401",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-401.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000746",
    "code": "PE 408",
    "title": "Self-Defense",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is designed to give participants the knowledge and skills necessary to protect themselves in a potentially violent situation. Students will learn a variety of escape strategies, assertiveness skills, and practical self defense techniques to defend against the unarmed and armed assailant, including blocks, strikes, kicks,throws, sweeps, distractions and pressure points.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 408",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-408",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-408.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000747",
    "code": "PE 409",
    "title": "Soccer",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The game of soccer is considered one of the fastest growing sports in America to date. This course is designed to introduce the basic skills, such as kicking, passing, dribbling and shooting, necessary for participation in the high endurance sport. Rules of the game, basic offensive and defensive strategies will also be introduced.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 409",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-409",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-409.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000748",
    "code": "PE 415",
    "title": "Beginning Volleyball",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course offers students the opportunity of learing how to play the game of volleyball. Included in the instruction are the individual skills necessary to play the game: passing, setting, serving and spiking. In addition, simple team offensive and defensive strategies will be presented and practiced. At the end of the course, the students will be tested on their knowledge of the rules of the game.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 415",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-415",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-415.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000749",
    "code": "PE 416",
    "title": "Weight Training",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is designed to help men and women to improve muscular strength and cardiovascular efficiency through the application of scientific methods of weight training. The main emphasis of the classwork will focus on pratical exercise and progressive weight training and students will have a better understanding of their bodies",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 416",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-416",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-416.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000750",
    "code": "PE 441",
    "title": "Introduction to T'ai Chi",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The purpose of this course is to introduce and integrate T'ai-Chi as a daily exercise. Students will develop an appreciation of the history and philosophy of this ancient exercise. In addition, students will learn T'ai-Chi breathing, warm-up exercises and 38 postures of the Yang form.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 441",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-441",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-441.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000751",
    "code": "PE 501",
    "title": "Archery",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Designed for beginner archers. The fundamental techniques of Olympic style target archery are studied and practiced. Topics include equipment, scoring,safety, history and tournament procedures.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 501",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-501",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-501.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000752",
    "code": "PE 503",
    "title": "Badminton",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Designed for beginner badminton players. Fundamental techniques are studied and practiced. Topics include strokes, rules, singles and doubles strategy. Students will play in singles and doubles class tournaments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 503",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-503",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-503.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000753",
    "code": "PE 514",
    "title": "Jogging",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course is designed to provide students with the information to improve their cardiovascular endurance and strength in a safe and efficient manner through jogging. Students will be expected to set individual goals to increase theirmileage and speed during the semester.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 514",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-514",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-514.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000754",
    "code": "PE 520",
    "title": "Beginning Swimming",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course will teach non-swimmers and/or fearful swimmers how to relax in the water. In addition, students will begin basic swimming skills, e.g. breath control, floating, crawlstroke and backstroke.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 520",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-520",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-520.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000755",
    "code": "PE 521",
    "title": "Intermediate Swimming",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The purpose of this course is to improve all aquatics skills and develop endurance. Students will learn all four competitive strokes. In addition, deep water skills and basic Red Cross training will be reviewed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 521",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-521",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-521.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000756",
    "code": "PE 530",
    "title": "Yoga",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "An introduction to the self-development system composed of a series of postures or poses (asanas in Sanskrit). These asanas promote health, relaxation and discipline in the mind.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 530",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-530",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-530.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000757",
    "code": "PE 532",
    "title": "Yoga II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Continuation and expansion of asanas with depper focus on self discipline and self awareness.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 532",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-532",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-532.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000758",
    "code": "PE 540",
    "title": "Intro to Physical Fitness",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A comprehensive approach to preparation of a physically active lifestyle, this course focuses on building sound exercise and activity habits that can carry on throughout one's lifetime. Emphasis will be on an extensive review of physical fitness components, design and initiation of a personal fitness plan, and active engagement during fitness activities.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 540",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-540",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-540.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000759",
    "code": "PE 541",
    "title": "Aerobic Exercise",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Designed to assist students in achieving a healthy body through a successful combination of safe, effective exercises and fun.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 541",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-541",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-541.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000760",
    "code": "PE 551",
    "title": "Pickleball",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "A beginning Pickleball course in which students will develop the basic skills to play the game of Pickleball. Technical skills include forehand and backhand ground strokes, serves, dinks, lobs, overheads, and volley shots. Students will also learn the fundamental rules, basic strategies and court positioning for singles and doubles play.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 551",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-551",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-551.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000761",
    "code": "PE 812",
    "title": "Theo And Prac Bask",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The PE-800 pre-major series of courses is intended for students interested in pursuing a career in physical education. Such students are requested to consult a Departmental adviser as soon as possible after entering the College for guidance in selecting courses and planning a program. Pre-major students are advised to take up to 12-13 credits from the PE-800 series. Please note that Departmental approval is required prior to registration in any course in thePE-800 series and that courses in this series do not fulfill physical education requirements in any curriculum. All PE-800 courses are offered as needed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 812",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-812",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-812.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000762",
    "code": "PE 815",
    "title": "Foundations Of Physical Educat",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the discipline of physical education teacher education (PETE) to the future practitioner, providing theory, issues, and methods of current physical education practices as well as opportunities to observe these practices in K-12 schools.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 815",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-815",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-815.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000763",
    "code": "PE 825",
    "title": "Introduction To Exercise Scien",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A comprehensive review of the field of exercise science including: scope of practice, career opportunities, critical issues, foundations of exercise physiology and biomechanics, and behavioral and social dimensions of exercise. In-class lectures will be augmented with performance lab work, multi-media presentations, guest professionals, and opportunities to observe practices in the field",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 825",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-825",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-825.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000764",
    "code": "PE 841",
    "title": "Games and Sports for Children",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course covers the Application of movement principles to games and sports for children. Students will develop knowledge and skills in K-8 physical activities, games and sports. This course provides foundational training in summer camp and after-school program activities. Topics include, safety training, health concerns, physical education terminology, biomechanics and leadership skills. Students will practice work-related scenarios to gain experience leading group activities with young children.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 841",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-841",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-841.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000765",
    "code": "PE 901",
    "title": "Basketball I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students wishing to participate on intercollegiate varsity teams should register for the appropriate PE-900 courses at their regular Fall or Spring registration times. Students will receive free elective credit for these courses upon (1) satisfactory participation in scheduled practices and athletic contests, and(2) satisfactory completion of special course assignments. Please be aware that all students wishing to try out for a team must have a completed medical examination form on file in the Health Services Office and should register for the appropriate course. Students not selected for a team will be withdrawn from the class without academic penalty. In addition, no change of program or withdrawal fee will be charged to the student provided the student has obtained Departmental approval. The PE-900 courses do not fulfill physical education requirements for a degree in any currciculum. Students should check the Schedule of Classes published every semester and summer session to see which of the PE-900 courses are being offered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 901",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-901",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-901.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000766",
    "code": "PE 902",
    "title": "Basketball II",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Students wishing to participate on intercollegiate varsity teams should register for the appropriate PE-900 courses at their regular Fall or Spring registration times. Students will receive free elective credit for these courses upon (1) satisfactory participation in scheduled practices and athletic contests, and (2) satisfactory completion of special course assignments. Please be aware that all students wishing to try out for a team must have a completed medical examination form on file in the Health Services Office and should register for the appropriate course. Students not selected for a team will be withdrawn from the class without academic penalty. In addition, no change of program or withdrawal fee will be charged to the student provided the student has obtained Departmental approval. The PE-900 courses do not fulfill physical education requirements for a degree in any currciculum. Students should check the Schedule of Classes published every semester and summer session to see which of the PE-900 courses are being offered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 902",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-902",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-902.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000767",
    "code": "PE 903",
    "title": "Soccer I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Students wishing to participate on intercollegiate varsity teams should register for the appropriate PE-900 courses at their regular Fall or Spring registration times. Students will receive free elective credit for these courses upon (1) satisfactory participation in scheduled practices and athletic contests, and (2) satisfactory completion of special course assignments. Please be aware that all students wishing to try out for a team must have a completed medical examination form on file in the Health Services Office and should register for the appropriate course. Students not selected for a team will be withdrawn from the class without academic penalty. In addition, no change of program or withdrawal fee will be charged to the student provided the student has obtained Departmental approval. The PE-900 courses do not fulfill physical education requirements for a degree in any currciculum. Students should check the Schedule of Classes published every semester and summer session to see which of the PE-900 courses are being offered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 903",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-903",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-903.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000768",
    "code": "PE 904",
    "title": "Soccer II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Students wishing to participate on intercollegiate varsity teams should register for the appropriate PE-900 courses at their regular Fall or Spring registration times. Students will receive free elective credit for these courses upon (1) satisfactory participation in scheduled practices and athletic contests, and (2) satisfactorycompletion of special course assignments. Please be aware that all students wishing to try out for a team must have a completed medical examination form on file in the Health Services Office and should register for the appropriate course. Students not selected for a team will be withdrawn from the class without academic penalty. In addition, no change of program or withdrawal fee will be charged to the student provided the student has obtained Departmentalapproval. The PE-900 courses do not fulfill physical education requirements for a degree in any curriculum. Students should check the Schedule of Classes published every semester and summer session to see which of the PE-900 courses are being offered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 904",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-904",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-904.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000769",
    "code": "PE 913",
    "title": "Baseball I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Students wishing to participate on intercollegiate varsity teams should register for the appropriate PE-900 courses at their regular Fall or Spring registration times. Students will receive free elective credit for these courses upon (1) satisfactory participation in scheduled practices and athletic contests, and (2) satisfactory completion of special course assignments. Please be aware that all students wishing to try out for a team must have a completed medical examination form on file in the Health Services Office and should register for the appropriate course. Students not selected for a team will be withdrawn from the class without academic penalty. In addition, no change of program or withdrawal fee will be charged to the student provided the student has obtained Departmental approval. The PE-900 courses do not fulfill physical education requirements for a degree in any currciculum. Students should check the Schedule of Classes published every semester and summer session to see which of the PE-900 courses are being offered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 913",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-913",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-913.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000770",
    "code": "PE 914",
    "title": "Baseball II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Students wishing to participate on intercollegiate varsity teams should register for the appropriate PE-900 courses at their regular Fall or Spring registration times. Students will receive free elective credit for these courses upon (1) satisfactory participation in scheduled practices and athletic contests, and (2) satisfactory completion of special course assignments. Please be aware that all students wishing to try out for a team must have a completed medical examination form on file in the Health Services Office and should register for the appropriate course. Students not selected for a team will be withdrawn from the class without academic penalty. In addition, no change of program or withdrawal fee will be charged to the student provided the student has obtained Departmental approval. The PE-900 courses do not fulfill physical education requirements for a degree in any currciculum. Students should check the Schedule of Classes published every semester and summer session to see which of the PE-900 courses are being offered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 914",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-914",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-914.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000771",
    "code": "PE 919",
    "title": "Cross-Country I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Students wishing to participate on intercollegiate varsity teams should register for the appropriate PE-900 courses at their regular Fall or Spring registration times. Students will receive free elective credit for these courses upon (1) satisfactory participation in scheduled practices and athletic contests, and (2) satisfactory completion of special course assignments. Please be aware that all students wishing to try out for a team must have a completed medical examination form on file in the Health Services Office and should register for the appropriate course. Students not selected for a team will be withdrawn from the class without academic penalty. In addition, no change of program or withdrawal fee will be charged to the student provided the student has obtained Departmental approval. The PE-900 courses do not fulfill physical education requirements for a degree in any curriculum. Students should check the Schedule of Classes published every semester and summer session to see which of the PE-900 courses are being offered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 919",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-919",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-919.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000772",
    "code": "PE 937",
    "title": "Track-Field I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Students wishing to participate on intercollegiate varsity teams should register for the appropriate PE-900 courses at their regular Fall or Spring registration times. Students will receive free elective credit for these courses upon (1) satisfactory participation in scheduled practices and athletic contests, and (2) satisfactory completion of special course assignments. Please be aware that all students wishing to try out for a team must have a completed medical examination form on file in the Health Services Office and should register for the appropriate course. Students not selected for a team will be withdrawn from the class without academic penalty. In addition, no change of program or withdrawal fee will be charged to the student provided the student has obtained Departmental approval. The PE-900 courses do not fulfill physical education requirements for a degree in any currciculum. Students should check the Schedule of Classes published every semester and summer session to see which of the PE-900 courses are being offered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 937",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-937",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-937.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000773",
    "code": "PE 938",
    "title": "Track-Field II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Students wishing to participate on intercollegiate varsity teams should register for the appropriate PE-900 courses at their regular Fall or Spring registration times. Students will receive free elective credit for these courses upon (1) satisfactory participation in scheduled practices and athletic contests, and (2) satisfactory completion of special course assignments. Please be aware that all students wishing to try out for a team must have a completed medical examination form on file in the Health Services Office and should register for the appropriate course. Students not selected for a team will be withdrawn from the class without academic penalty. In addition, no change of program or withdrawal fee will be charged to the student provided the student has obtained Departmental approval. The PE-900 courses do not fulfill physical education requirements for a degree in any currciculum. Students should check the Schedule of Classes published every semester and summer session to see which of the PE-900 courses are being offered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PE 938",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-938",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/pe-938.md"
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    "code": "PE 939",
    "title": "Volleyball I",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Students wishing to participate on intercollegiate varsity teams should register for the appropriate PE-900 courses at their regular Fall or Spring registration times. Students will receive free elective credit for these courses upon (1) satisfactory participation in scheduled practices and athletic contests, and (2) satisfactory completion of special course assignments. Please be aware that all students wishing to try out for a team must have a completed medical examination form on file in the Health Services Office and should register for the appropriate course. Students not selected for a team will be withdrawn from the class without academic penalty. In addition, no change of program or withdrawal fee will be charged to the student provided the student has obtained Departmental approval. The PE-900 courses do not fulfill physical education requirements for a degree in any currciculum. Students should check the Schedule of Classes published every semester and summer session to see which of the PE-900 courses are being offered.",
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    "code": "PE 940",
    "title": "Volleyball II",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Students wishing to participate on intercollegiate varsity teams should register for the appropriate PE-900 courses at their regular Fall or Spring registration times. Students will receive free elective credit for these courses upon (1) satisfactory participation in scheduled practices and athletic contests, and (2) satisfactory completion of special course assignments. Please be aware that all students wishing to try out for a team must have a completed medical examination form on file in the Health Services Office and should register for the appropriate course. Students not selected for a team will be withdrawn from the class without academic penalty. In addition, no change of program or withdrawal fee will be charged to the student provided the student has obtained Departmental approval. The PE-900 courses do not fulfill physical education requirements for a degree in any currciculum. Students should check the Schedule of Classes published every semester and summer session to see which of the PE-900 courses are being offered.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000776",
    "code": "PE 941",
    "title": "Intrcol Swim 1",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is devoted to the theory and practice of advanced swimming and diving skills. The student will be expected to participate as a competitor in the College's intercollegiate athletic swim program and, consequently, to develop anunderstanding and knowledge of competition rules and events.",
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    "code": "PE 942",
    "title": "Intercollegiate Swimming Coed",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "This course is devoted to the theory and practice of advanced swimming and diving skills. The student will be expected to participate as a competitor in the College's intercollegiate athletic swim program and, consequently, to develop anunderstanding and knowledge of competition rules and events.",
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    "code": "PE 999",
    "title": "Physical Ed Waiver",
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    "hours": 0,
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    "code": "PERM .5",
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    "code": "PERM 3.5",
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    "code": "PERM 4.5",
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    "code": "PERM 1",
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    "code": "PERM 2",
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    "code": "PERM 3PR",
    "title": "On Permit PR Initiative",
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    "hours": 0,
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    "code": "PERM 8",
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    "code": "PERM 9",
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    "description": "Student On Permit",
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    "code": "PERM 10",
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    "code": "PERM 11",
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    "code": "PERM 12",
    "title": "Student On Permit",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Student On Permit",
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    "code": "PERM 13",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000797",
    "code": "PH 101",
    "title": "Principles of Physics",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "This course presents fundamental principles and processes of the physical world through interactive classes and laboratory experimentation, using minimal mathematics. Emphasis is placed on conceptual understanding of key physical principles and related application to everyday experiences.Topics include: motion, forces, momentum, energy, gravity, structure of matter, heat, light, electricity, and magnetism. This course, or its equivalent, is required for elementary education majors at colleges, such as Queens College and The City College of New York.",
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      "queensborough-000946"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PH 101",
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    "id": "queensborough-000798",
    "code": "PH 111",
    "title": "Space, Astronomy & Our Univrse",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Space, Astronomy, and our Universe discusses topics related to space and astronomy, beginning with our planet and our Moon, and extending to stars, galaxies, and the Universe as a whole. This course will explore physical processes and laws that govern the motion and evolution of all objects in the Universe, including planets, stars and galaxies.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PH 111",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000799",
    "code": "PH 112",
    "title": "Space, Astronmy & Our Univ Lab",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "Topics related to space and astronomy, such as our planet and moon, stars, galaxies and the universe and physical processes and laws that govern the motion and evolution of all objects in the universe will be studied through laboratory exercises.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000924"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PH 112",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000800",
    "code": "PH 120",
    "title": "Introduction to Meteorology",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduces students to Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences. The course presents basic scientific principles and how they apply to atmosphere and ocean.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PH 120",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000801",
    "code": "PH 124",
    "title": "Global Warming",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The scientific processes in climate change, climate modeling, and global warming are examined with the use of minimal mathematics in terms of the principles and evidence in science. Major topics include processes involved in the climate system, El Nino and year-to-year climate prediction, climate model and numerical examples, greenhouse effect and climate feedbacks, natural climate variations, and climate model scenarios for global warming and possible solutions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000802",
    "code": "PH 140",
    "title": "Acoustics: Physics of Sound",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Traveling waves and standing waves, energy, sound intensity, interaction of sound and materials, methods of sounds production by musical instruments, room acoustics, interference, human ear response to sound, magnetism and induction as they relate to audio equipment, microphones, speakers, pick-ups. This course is intended to satisfy the physics requirement for the Music Electronics Degree but is open to all majors.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PH 140",
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    "id": "queensborough-000803",
    "code": "PH 160",
    "title": "Physics Colloquium",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "The course is a survey course for physics majors. It will cover an overview of thephysics major and the topics that physicists study. It will also examine current events in physics and students will study and present relevant topics in physics affecting our world.",
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    "code": "PH 198",
    "title": "Physics Non-Lib Arts Elec",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to non-laboratory courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "code": "PH 199",
    "title": "Physics Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for awarding Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to laboratory courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "code": "PH 201",
    "title": "General Physics I",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "A beginning course for technology students. Topics include units, vectors, equilibrium, linear motion, Newton's laws, circular motion, angular motion, momentum, vibration, and fluid motion. Emphasis is on applications. A working knowledge of simple algebra is assumed.",
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    "code": "PH 202",
    "title": "General Physics II",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Second semester of PH-201, 202 sequence. Topics include wave motion, electrostatics, electric and magnetic fields, electromagnetic waves, optics and topics in modern physics.",
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    "code": "PH 301",
    "title": "College Physics I",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "PH 303",
    "title": "Scientific Use of Computers",
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    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Introduces students to computers and the ways they are used in scientific work. This course includes elements of scientific programming and scientific data collection and analysis. Presentation and dissemnination are also included. Automated data acquisition from a variety of sensors. Databases and spreadsheets. Presentations with graphs and text as well as dissemination via the Internet/E-mail are covered.",
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    "title": "College Physics A",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "PH 312",
    "title": "College Physics B",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "id": "queensborough-000813",
    "code": "PH 416",
    "title": "Thermodynamics",
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    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Introduction to concepts and definitions of thermodynamics. Temperature and Zeroth Law. Work internal energy, heat, the First Law and applications. Second Law, reversibility and irreversibility, Carnot cycles, entropy, thermodynamic state variables. Power and refrigeration cycles. Chemical equibibrium, chemical potentials, phase rules.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000814",
    "code": "PH 421",
    "title": "General Calculus Physics A",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "This course integrates calculus concepts and covers fundamental principles of physics in areas of mechanics and heat, including kinematics, classical laws of motion, equilibrium, conservation laws, impulse and momentum, work, mechanical energy, rotational motion, fluids, simple harmonic motion, heat and thermodynamics.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000945",
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      "queensborough-000961",
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      "queensborough-000966"
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    "id": "queensborough-000815",
    "code": "PH 422",
    "title": "General Calculus Physics B",
    "credits": 5,
    "hours": 5,
    "description": "This course integrates calculus concepts and covers fundamental principles of physics in areas of wave phenomena, electrostatics, DC and AC circuits, magnetism, electromagnetism, and optics.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000945",
      "queensborough-000949",
      "queensborough-000961",
      "queensborough-000965",
      "queensborough-000966"
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    "id": "queensborough-000816",
    "code": "PH 431",
    "title": "Calculus Optics",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "The theory of diffraction and its applications to modern optics. Maxwell's equations in differential form with solutions for plane refraction. Propagation of electromagnetic radiation and Poynting's vector. Gain in laser mediums. Modulation of lasers. Calculus used throughout.The department advises students who anticipate transferring into a Bachelor's degree program in Photonics or Engineering to take PH-413 and MA-443 with or before this course.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000817",
    "code": "PH 440",
    "title": "Mod Phys & Quant Mech Engnr",
    "credits": 4,
    "hours": 4,
    "description": "Quantum Physics (Basic experiments, wave-particle duality, uncertainty. Wave functions and Schrödinger equation. 1-d problems, bound states, square well, harmonic oscillator, scattering from barriers, tunneling. QM formalism, Dirac notation, operators & eigenvalues, angular momentum. Hydrogen atom. Perturbation theory first order nondegenerate, level splitting. Time-dependent PT, Golden rule, spin. Quantum communication, Bell’s theorem). And an introduction to modern physics (relativity, atomic, nuclear and elementary particle physics, quantum statistics). Considerable mathematics used.",
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      "queensborough-000949"
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    "id": "queensborough-000818",
    "code": "PH 450",
    "title": "Intro To Physics Research",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course provides an introduction to responsible and conscientious research techniques that can be applied to a variety of research areas. Topics include laboratory safety; research integrity; scientific literature review; experiment design; analysis and interpretation of data; and written and oral communication of results. In the second half of the course, students will be expected to carry out research projects under the direction of the instructor. Students will prepare a final written and oral report.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000819",
    "code": "PH 451",
    "title": "Numerical Methods for Scientis",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will learn the basics of python programming in order to apply numerical solutions to physical concepts. The difference between analytical solutions and numerical solutions will be discussed. Numerical solutions such as Taylor series, numerical integration, and numerical derivative will be discussed.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000820",
    "code": "PH 501",
    "title": "Special Topics in Physics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course covers a variety of topics in physics. The topics are continuations of the concepts learned in introductory physics classes. The course covers one topic in more detail than the original topics. The topic will be announced in advance and a student may take two such courses for credit as long as the topic is not repeated. The topics will include but are not limited to: Solid State Physics, Advanced Astronomy, Acoustics, and Optics.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000821",
    "code": "PH 900",
    "title": "Research Projects",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Students learn modern techniques, methods, and approaches and gain practicalexperience working in a professional physics laboratory. Students will meet with a coordinator to discuss design and execution of their research project at least once a month. Students will prepare a final written report and give a presentation of their results at an undergraduate conference.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000822",
    "code": "PH 931",
    "title": "Coop Ed Laser/Fiber-Optics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Cooperative education involves employment with a company in the laser, optics, fiber-optics or related fields. The experience supplements classroom theory and instruction with on-the job professional training. The experience includes training in skills and/or with equipment beyond the ordinary classroom in a real jobatmosphere. Students are placed in a work situation for a minimum of 135 hours, meet with the course coordinator twice a month and present orally and submit in writing a term project report related to the work experience. In addition, a written evaluation is provided by the employer. Students receive a pass/fail grade.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000823",
    "code": "PHIL 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Philosophy",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Fundamental philosophic problems, presented through the study of several major philosophical writings, such as those of Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Kant, Hume, Mill, and Whitehead.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000934"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000824",
    "code": "PHIL 120",
    "title": "Philosophy of Religion",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Central concepts in religious thought, such as God, faith, and immortality; problems of religious knowledge and revelation. Problems connected with the relation of theology and philosophy discussed with reference to selected medieval, modern, and contemporary texts.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000825",
    "code": "PHIL 130",
    "title": "Ethics: Theories of Good Life",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Basic concepts and problems of ethics. Nature of values, virtue, moral judgment, and obligation considered and illustrated through writings of the major philosophers of the Western tradition, including Plato, Aristotle, Augustine, Spinoza, Kant, Moore, and Stevenson.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000924"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000826",
    "code": "PHIL 140",
    "title": "Medical Ethics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A consideration of the ethical implications of modern medical research and practice. Topics include professional versus universal ethics, the rights of patients, genetic engineering, truth and information in medicine, the concept of mental illness; experimentation on human subjects and public health policy.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000946"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000827",
    "code": "PHIL 198",
    "title": "Philosophy  Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000828",
    "code": "PHIL 199",
    "title": "Philosophy Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000829",
    "code": "PLSC 101",
    "title": "American Government & Politics",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Study and analysis of American government; its historical and intellectual origins and development; special consideration of its structure and operations; functions of the President, Congress, and judiciary; role of government and politics in modern industrial society.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000934",
      "queensborough-000947"
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000830",
    "code": "PLSC 170",
    "title": "War, Revolution and Terrorism",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An interdisciplinary survey of why and how nations, organizations, and individuals use violence to achieve political ends. Investigation of economic, social, and political conditions that stimulate violence in contemporary society-such as international, civil and guerilla war; revolution; terrorism; revolt, or threat. The ideological and legal aspects of violence also examined.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000831",
    "code": "PLSC 198",
    "title": "Pol Sci Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PLSC 198",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000832",
    "code": "PLSC 199",
    "title": "Political Sci Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PLSC 199",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000833",
    "code": "POE 1",
    "title": "Port Of Entry Prog",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Port Of Entry Prog",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/POE 1",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000834",
    "code": "PSYC 101",
    "title": "Psychology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Introduction to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Topics include research methods, biological bases of brain and mind, sensation-perception, sleep and states of consciousness, learning-memory, development,cognition-intelligence, motivation-emotion, personality, abnormal psychology-therapy, and social psychology. Research findings and principles related to everyday life.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000946",
      "queensborough-000947",
      "queensborough-000958",
      "queensborough-000960",
      "queensborough-000963"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PSYC 101",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000835",
    "code": "PSYC 125",
    "title": "Psy of Personal Adjustment",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Focus is on personal adjustment as an ongoing process of the normal individual. An examination of individual adjustment in terms of the psychological, developmental, and sociocultural dimensions of everyday living. A major concern is the practical application of psychological principles to the enhancement of personal adjustment. Main topics include the origins of adjustment, adjustment and identity, individual growth and change, social adjustment, and problems of adjustment.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PSYC 125",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000836",
    "code": "PSYC 198",
    "title": "Psychology Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Non Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PSYC 198",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000837",
    "code": "PSYC 199",
    "title": "Psychology Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PSYC 199",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000838",
    "code": "PSYC 201",
    "title": "Research Methods in Psychology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores an introduction to the methods of research in psychology. The following concepts will be discussed: scientific methodologies, conducting literature reviews, hypothesis development, following ethical guidelines in research, data collection, experimental variables, analyzing and interpreting data, summarizing and reporting data, and basic descriptive statistics. The issues discussed will be illustrated using a broad range of topics such as physiological, learning, developmental, perception, personality, social, and clinical psychology.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PSYC 201",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000839",
    "code": "PSYC 215",
    "title": "Child Development",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The goal of this course is to enable students to acquire a knowledge base of child development. Consideration of development issues particular to special needs youngsters will also be addressed. Students will examine the central emotional, cognitive and social issues for each developmental periord during childhood. Cultural, socio-economic and historical influences on development will be integrated within the course.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PSYC 215",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000840",
    "code": "PSYC 220",
    "title": "Human Growth and Development",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A study of the changes in behavior and mental processes across the life-span and the biological, psychological, social and cultural factors influencing those changes.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000958"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PSYC 220",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000841",
    "code": "PSYC 230",
    "title": "Abnormal Psychology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Examines abnormal behavior with an emphasis on the classification of, causes of, and treatments for mental disorders. Focuses on major mental disorders including: anxiety, somatoform, and dissociative disorders, mood disorders,schizophrenias, personality disorders, substancerelated disorders, sexual disorders, and cognitive disorders.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000842",
    "code": "PSYC 240",
    "title": "Social Psychology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An examination of the behavior of individuals in relation to society. Topics include the self in social context, interpersonal relationships, group behavior attitudes, communication, and attraction.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000843",
    "code": "PSYC 245",
    "title": "Cross-Cultural Psychology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course offers an introduction to the field of cross-cultural psychology. In this course, students study the cultural similarities and differences of human behavior and mental processes. Students examine how race, gender, religion, geography, language and other demographic variables influence the ways in which individuals maneuver through their worlds. Relevant topics include: cross-cultural research methodology; culture and perception; intelligence, universality of human emotions; motivation; human development and socialization; psychological disorders; social cognition and cultural values; andsocial interactions.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000844",
    "code": "PSYC 250",
    "title": "Personality",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Explores major theoretical perspectives on personality such as psychodynamic, trait, biological, humanistic, behavioral-social learning, and cognitive approaches. Presents relevant research on personality structure, normal and abnormal development, and assessment, including self-assessment through standardized personality tests.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000845",
    "code": "PSYC 255",
    "title": "The Psychology of Women",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A critical examination of theories of female personality and behavior. Emphasis is placed on the data concerning women's physical, cognitive, and social characteristics and the biological, developmental, and social forces shaping them. Issues related to health, discrimmination, and victimization also discussed.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000846",
    "code": "PSYC 260",
    "title": "Psych Disorders of Childhood",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is a survey of the major psychological disorders in infants, toddlers, children, and adolescents with a focus on diagnosis, assessment, etiology, and treatment. These disorders include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, conduct disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning and communication disorders, eating disorders, habit disorders, attachment disorders, autism and other pervasive developmental disorders, childhood psychoses, and sensory-motor disabilities. Emphasis is placed on the developmental context of the disorders and on the use of multiple theoretical perspectives on the disorders.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000847",
    "code": "PSYC 270",
    "title": "The Psychology of Aging",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "A multifaceted approach to the study of the aging process, including the effects of aging on learning, intelligence, personality, and emotional development. The role and status of the elderly person with respect to the family and society. A cross-cultural examination of the situation of the aged person and an evaluation of the utility and limitations of institutional care.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PSYC 270",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000848",
    "code": "PSYC 280",
    "title": "Positive Psychology",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "What makes life worth living? This course presents an introduction to the new positive psychology field, which focuses on positive experiences, traits, and institutions that allow humans to thrive and flourish. Positive psychology brings a fundamental shift away from the treatment of pathology to a focus on improving quality of life. The course will review foundational positive psychology topics including but not limited to happiness, character strengths, flow, creativity, and wellness. To enhance concept retention and application, students will practice evidence-based interventions from positive psychology to test their efficacy in everyday life.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/PSYC 280",
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    "code": "PSYC 290",
    "title": "States of Consciousness",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Examines theory and research related to states of consciousness. Topics include sleep, dreaming, hypnosis, biofeedback, meditation, and parapsychology in its various manifestations.",
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    "code": "PWKF 100",
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    "id": "queensborough-000851",
    "code": "RAD 101",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "RAD 102",
    "title": "Radiation Safety II",
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    "hours": 4,
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    "code": "RCEC 1000",
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    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Satisfies Required Core_English Composition",
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    "code": "RCLP 1000",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "RCMQ 1000",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Satisfies Required Core_Mathematical & Quantitative Reasoning",
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    "code": "RELI 198",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Non Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "code": "RELI 199",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "code": "SOCY 101",
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    "code": "SOCY 125",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will examine \"art worlds\" the social activities through which paintings, photographs, music, theatre, dance, literature and other arts are produced - from the perspective of the social sciences and related disciplines. Attention will be given to works of art, audiences, stylistic conventions, evaluative processes and systems of arts distribution. This course will also consider the impact of new technologies on the ways that art is produced and distributed and the ways that we think about and respond to new and traditional art forms.",
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    "code": "SOCY 185",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the field of social work. The emphasis is on fundamental principles and values in a historical perspective. Students will gain an appreciation of social work services and the basic competencies needed to pursue a career in social work.",
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    "code": "SOCY 198",
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    "hours": 1,
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    "code": "SOCY 199",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "code": "SOCY 220",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "SOCY 230",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The family as a social institution: its origins, structure, and process; social relationships and interaction patterns involved in dating, mate selection, marriage, parenthood; nature of family organization and disorganization; current trends in family structure.",
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    "code": "SOCY 240",
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    "hours": 3,
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    "code": "SOCY 250",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "The feminine and masculine roles in contemporary society; historical, biological, and psychological traditions; sex-role differentiation in the process of socialization. Emphasis placed on the status of women in industrial society in terms of stratification, law, politics, education, the labor force, and race; contemporary social movements.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000867",
    "code": "SOCY 275",
    "title": "Media and Society",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will introduce students to a sociological analysis of the mass media. Topics include the mass media and socialization; functionalist theory and the mass media; conflict theory and the mass media; the economics of the media industry and its influence on the products we consume; advertising; the hidden world of public relations; social life in online environments; the history of celebrity and the sociological implications of celebrity gossip.",
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    "code": "SOCY 290",
    "title": "Sociology of Work",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will focus on jobs and workplace organizations from a sociological perspective. In doing so, it will develop students’ understanding of sociology and expand their ability to both anticipate and contend with trends in the structure of work. The course will describe and analyze: the foundational theories and methods of the sociological study of work; historical changes in/to the configuration and meanings of work; labor processes, markets, and careers; occupational differentiation; segmentation in and stratification of work; workplace cultures and identities; new forms of employment, including the impacts of technology and globalization; the relationship between work, the political economy, and social organizations and institutions; and unions, worker power, and other forms of resistance to the organization, management, and control of work.",
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    "code": "SP 9S005",
    "title": "Speech Placement ESL 005",
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    "description": "Speech Placement ESL 005",
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    "code": "SP 9S006",
    "title": "Speech Placement ESL 006",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Speech Placement ESL 006",
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    "code": "SP 9S007",
    "title": "Speech Placement Esl 007",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Speech Placement ESL 007 American English Sound Structure for Health Sciences.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000872",
    "code": "SP 9S020",
    "title": "Speech Placement Improv Skills",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Speech Placement Improving Speech Skills",
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    "code": "SP 9S056",
    "title": "Speech Placement ESL 005/006",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Speech Placement ESL 005/006",
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    "id": "queensborough-000874",
    "code": "SP 9S211",
    "title": "Exempt Remedial Speech",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Exempt Remedial Speech based on satisfactory completion of Speech Placement Test.",
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    "code": "SP 7",
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    "hours": 0,
    "description": "This course is designed for students majoring in the health sciences (including Nursing) for whom English is not the native language, and who require intensive work in oral communication. Emphasis is on the recognition, discrimination, and production of the individual sounds of English, and transition from classroom practice to real-life situations, as well as the development of acceptable idiomatic speech. The focus of the course is the improvement of communication skills between health science personnel/health care providers and their colleagues, patients, family members, and caregivers. Students are assigned to this course on the basis of a Speech Placement Test, permission of the Speech Department, or referral from the Nursing program.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000876",
    "code": "SP 101",
    "title": "Introduction to Communication",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will be a survey of the current methods and theories that inform the study of Communication. Student will develop an understanding of the issues encompassed by Communication Studies including: Mass Media, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Intercultural and Small Group Communication as well as Public Address. This course will inform both the beginning Communication Studies student, and also students who seek to improve their communication skills in general. It is recommended that Speech Communication majors take this course in the first semester.",
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    "code": "SP 198",
    "title": "Speech Non-Lib Arts Elec",
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    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Speech Communication and Theatre Arts to award Non- Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "code": "SP 199",
    "title": "Speech Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Speech Communication and Theatre Arts to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "code": "SP 211",
    "title": "Speech Communication",
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    "hours": 3,
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      "queensborough-000949",
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      "queensborough-000955",
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    "code": "SP 212",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces the practices and principles of interpersonal communication in both one-on-one and group settings. Students will study how the individual characteristics of the speaker and the environment can influence the way we communicate.",
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    "title": "Intercultural Communication",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An exploration of multiculturalism and diversity, focusing on the communication process. Course is designed to help students develop intercultural competence in national and international settings.",
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    "code": "SP 214",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will examine communication theory and prepare students to deliver professional presentations. Students will explore scenarios common in a professional environment and use critical thinking skills to resolve them. Topics will include interpersonal communication in professional settings, active and critical listening skills, diversity in the workplace, conferences, client presentations, group problem solving, leadership and conflict resolution, resumes, cover letters, interviewing, and formal presentations in professional settings.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000883",
    "code": "SP 215",
    "title": "Phonetics",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to the study of phonetics, the branch of linguistics that studies the sounds of human speech and their classifications. The course is an introduction to the articulation and basic acoustics of speech sounds used in the world's languages, including English in comparison with other languages. This course includes extensive practice in speech-sound perception, phonetic transcription using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and spectrogram reading through Wavesurfer and PRAAT or other software programs.",
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      "queensborough-000947"
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SP 215",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000884",
    "code": "SP 216",
    "title": "Intro  Language Science & Ling",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course is an introductory survey of linguistics, the discipline that studies natural language phenomena, and the methods of investigations used in linguistic research. The course introduces students to the fundamental aspects that all languages share and how languages differ with respect to their sound (phonetics), structure (phonology, morphology, syntax), meaning (semantics), context (pragmatics), change (historical and sociolinguistics), and acquisition and language policy.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SP 216",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000885",
    "code": "SP 217",
    "title": "Business Communication",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course will examine communication theories and practices to help students to build the necessary communication skills to enter different business fields. Students will be able to communicate effectively while delivering presentations alone or in groups in different business and interpersonal communication settings. Moreover, during the course students will learn how to develop active and critical listening skills to build a good rapport with clients, supervisors, and coworkers. Students will be able to select, create and use the appropriate visual aids in their presentations such as pictures, graphs, videos, and different types of slide presentations. At the end of this course, students will be able to write and deliver professional communications of various natures. Students will be able to use clear and concise language to formulate informative or persuasive messages that are evidence-based and purpose-oriented. Students will be able to analyze different types of audiences to craft emails, business memos, executive summaries, strategic reports, and other types of internal and external business communication that reflect audience awareness, business etiquette and ethical principles. Students will also acquire the habit of revising, editing, and proofreading their work, receiving feedback from both instructor and peers.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000930",
      "queensborough-000942",
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SP 217",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000886",
    "code": "SP 321",
    "title": "Oral Performance for the Actor",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Designed to improve the interpretation skills of actors, speakers, and those individuals desiring to improve the level of their individual oral expression for personal or professional reasons. Techniques of reading aloud from plays, poetry, prose, and essay. Practice in conveying information, projecting ideas, creating emotions, and interpreting from the script and oral interpretation as a means of developing literary criticism and discrimination.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SP 321",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000887",
    "code": "SP 900",
    "title": "Coop Ed Speech-Media",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Open only to matriculated students who have completed at least 24 credits with an index of 2.0 in Liberal Arts and Sciences and are recommended by the Department. The cooperative education experience in speech and media communication is designed to provide the student with an apprentice training opportunity in such areas as speech arts and science, theatre production, cable and commercial broadcasting, and other media, either in or outside of the College. Evaluation of the cooperative education experience will be determined by periodic review of the student log or diary, participation in required conferences and monthly seminars, plus a written evaluation by the employer. Students will earn a grade of Pass or Fail. Students will engage in a field experience of a minimum of 90 hours for 2 credits and 180 hours for 4 credits",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SP 900",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000888",
    "code": "SP 901",
    "title": "Coop Ed Speech-Media",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Open only to matriculated students who have completed at least 24 credits with an index of 2.0 in Liberal Arts and Sciences and are recommended by the Department. The cooperative education experience in speech and media communication is designed to provide the student with an apprentice training opportunity in such areas as speech arts and science, theatre production, cable and commerical broadcasting, and other media, either in or outside of the College. Evaluation of the cooperative education experience will be determined by periodic review of the student log or diary, participation in required conferences and monthly seminars, plus a written evaluation by the employer. Students will earn a grade of Pass or Fail. Students will engage in a field experience of a minimum of 90 hours for 2 credits and 180 hours for 4 credits",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/SP 901",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000889",
    "code": "ST *00",
    "title": "Freshmen Questionnaire",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "A brief questionnaire sent to newly matriculated freshman before the start of their first semester at the college to determine if they have chosen the right major and what their thoughts are about a future career. The questionnaire feedback will be used by academic advisers to determine the best program, concentrations and scheduling options for the student for their first semester.Those students who are unsure will receive additional guidance from their academic adviser regarding major, program, concentrations and career choices.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ST *00",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000890",
    "code": "ST 100",
    "title": "Introduction to College Life",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Open to all members of the College community and required of all new freshmen.Designed to introduce new students to Queensborough. College life and College procedures examined. Students given information regarding academic programs and curriculum requirements, and resources available to them on campus. Career development processes explored, and decision-making skills analyzed, study skills and library component included. Taught by members of the Department of Student Affairs. Note: This course is mandatory for all full-time incoming freshman. A passing grade for ST-100 is required in order to register for the following semester.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000948"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ST 100",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000891",
    "code": "ST 101",
    "title": "Strategies for College Success",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "An alternative course to ST-100; open to all first-year students and those with 15 or fewer credits. A comprehensive student success course designed to promote the development of effective academic and personal success strategies. A major theme is a focus on the responsibility of the student for her or his own life and college career. The course provides direction for basic study skills and study habits. The purpose of the course is to maximize students' chances for succeeding in college. Topics include: time management, study skills, career exploration and the world of work, mastering the challenges of the college experience, developing critical thinking skills, learning to work cooperatively in groups, clarification of values, appreciation of diversity and civic and community responsibility. Students will be expected to complete a written term project.",
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    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ST 101",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/st-101.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000892",
    "code": "STABD 1",
    "title": "Study Abroad Program",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "Study Abroad Program",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/STABD 1",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/stabd-1.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000893",
    "code": "TECH 100",
    "title": "Intro Engineering & Technology",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "An introduction to the history, philosophy and methodology of engineering and technology related professions. The disciplines of computer, electrical and mechanical engineering and technology are introduced. Basic mathematical, graphical and analytic skills are introduced as well as experimentation and data analysis. The analysis and presentation of engineering data and designs, as well as ethical and professional considerations, are considered.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TECH 100",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000894",
    "code": "TECH 931",
    "title": "Co-op Education Engineer Tech",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Open only to students who have completed at least 12 pertinent credits in one of the Engineering Technology curricula; students must be recommended and approved by the chairperson of the Department and the coordinator of Cooperative Education.Students participate in weekly seminar meetings and complete an additional minimum of 135 employment or internship hours per semester. Students submit written journal entries and oral reports, related to the work experience. Supervision is by both the faculty and the job supervisor.This internship and seminar are designed for students seeking to gain career awareness, experience, and knowledge in a particular field of interest. It provides employment experience, allowing students to develop additional skills that will enhance academic learning as well as develop new skills that will be transferable to future employers. The seminar integrates the students’ experiences with their classroom training.Students receive a grade of pass or fail.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TECH 931",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/tech-931.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000895",
    "code": "TECH 932",
    "title": "Co-op Education Engineer Tech",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Open only to students who have completed at least 12 pertinent credits in one of the Engineering Technology curricula; students must be recommended and approved by the chairperson of the Department and the coordinator of Cooperative Education.Students participate in weekly seminar meetings and complete an additional minimum of 135 employment or internship hours per semester. Students submit written journal entries and oral reports, related to the work experience. Supervision is by both the faculty and the job supervisor.This internship and seminar are designed for students seeking to gain career awareness, experience, and knowledge in a particular field of interest. It provides employment experience, allowing students to develop additional skills that will enhance academic learning as well as develop new skills that will be transferable to future employers. The seminar integrates the students’ experiences with their classroom training.Students receive a grade of pass or fail.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TECH 932",
    "canonical_url": "/queensborough/courses/tech-932",
    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/tech-932.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000896",
    "code": "TH 111",
    "title": "Introduction to Theatre",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the fundamentals of theater with an emphasis on the evolution of theatrical conventions and practices in Western Society. Material for analysis, discussion and illustration is selected from a body of dramaturgy that spans the history of the theater from the Greeks to the present day. Students are required to attend and critique theatrical performances on campus.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000967"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 111",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000897",
    "code": "TH 112",
    "title": "Queer Theatre",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course explores the genealogy of LGBTQIA+ theatre across political, historical, and theatrical contexts. Plays surveyed are from the twentieth and twenty-first centuries of American theatre examining the tropes of ?coming out?? plays, AIDS crisis plays, and intersectional ?identity plays. The course will also investigate contemporary plays dealing with the dramatization of Queer identities and sexuality in historical contexts.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 112",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000898",
    "code": "TH 113",
    "title": "Theatre and Social Change",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "This course introduces students to applied and interdisciplinary practices of theatre and social change. Students will learn how practitioners engage in praxis (practice and theory) locally and globally to support change in individuals, communities, and systems. Students will explore theatre and social change projects that illuminate patterns of resilience and oppression while gathering communities to bear witness and reflect. Students will analyze the impact of these artists and their actions in supporting transformation that is reflexive and sustainable.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000967"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 113",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000899",
    "code": "TH 120",
    "title": "Acting I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Theory and practice of the art of acting; exercises in sense impression; characterization, improvisations; scenes from plays; special reports. Designed for the development of a knowledgeable and appreciative audience as well as for basic acting techniques. For non-majors. FA1 majors should enroll in TH121",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947",
      "queensborough-000948"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 120",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000900",
    "code": "TH 121",
    "title": "Intro Acting Major",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "An introduction to the actor's process with particular emphasis placed upon the development of the basic tools of perception, expression and improvisation. Additionally, students will learn the basic concepts, vocabulary and methods of scenic analysis as introduced by Stanislavski and be able to apply them in performance. Open only to students in the A.S. degree in Fine and Performing Arts",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 121",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000901",
    "code": "TH 122",
    "title": "Actors' Workshop I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this actor's laboratory, students act in one or more plays for public performance under the guidance of a faculty director. A weekly production lecture concerns use of stage, props, diction, movement, styles and other pertinent issues. The history of the play, its author and its era are also covered. Hours to be arranged depending on rehearsal and performance schedules.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 122",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000902",
    "code": "TH 124",
    "title": "Summer Theatre Workshop",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students participate in productions directed by professionals to gain experience in directing, acting, technical theater, design, lighting, stage management, publicity and promotion. Classroom projects are related to actual productions. A student showcase will provide opportunities for all students to act before an audience.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 124",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000903",
    "code": "TH 131",
    "title": "Stagecraft I",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Project based learning with a concentration on the principles of technical stagecraft; fabrication of scenery for the stage; proper mounting and handling of scenic elements; introduction to various scenic painting techniques; installation and manipulation of lighting and sound systems for the stage; fabrication of stage properties. Students are required to apply stagecraft skills to laboratory projects outside of class studio hours. Students in TH231 are given more complex class and crew assignments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 131",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000904",
    "code": "TH 132",
    "title": "Production Practicum I",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Project-based guided learning in the current semester’s theatrical production. Students complete work in one of the following elements: marketing; stage management; wardrobe; scenic; lighting; properties; sound; projections, or company/house management; Students are required to attend pre-production meetings, technical rehearsals, and performances.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 132",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000905",
    "code": "TH 134",
    "title": "Stage Makeup",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Theory and practice of theatrical stage makeup. Project based learning with a concentration on the design and practical application of stage makeup for a variety of characters. Proper use of tools and materials used in the application of stage makeup techniques. Comprehension of terminology and function used in makeup design.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 134",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000906",
    "code": "TH 135",
    "title": "Costume Construction",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Students will learn the elementary skills required in the construction of garments and costumes. Through project based learning, students will learn the different techniques employed in hand sewing, machine sewing, fabric selection and the operation of costume shop equipment. Emphasis will be placed on basic pattern making, flat patterning, and draping. Student will apply their skills to various personal sewing and building projects, as well as being involved in builds and alterations for current theatrical productions. This will garner a greater understanding of the process and function of a professional costume shop.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 135",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000907",
    "code": "TH 153",
    "title": "Voice and Speech for the Actor",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Practice of vocal training techniques for use in everyday life and performance. Students will be introduced to the voice as an instrument for communication. Concepts include: training for self-use and self-expression, coordinating breath with support, and articulating sound and text.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 153",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000908",
    "code": "TH 154",
    "title": "Movement for the Actor",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Practice of physical training techniques for use in everyday life and performance. Students will be introduced to the body as an instrument for communication. Concepts include: training for self-use and self-expression, coordinating breath with support, and articulating form and text.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 154",
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    "markdown_url": "/queensborough/courses/th-154.md"
  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000909",
    "code": "TH 198",
    "title": "Theatre Non-Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Speech Communication and Theatre Arts to award Non- Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 198",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000910",
    "code": "TH 199",
    "title": "Theatre Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Speech Communication and Theatre Arts to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 199",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000911",
    "code": "TH 221",
    "title": "Acting II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Application of the techniques learned in Acting I: further development of preparation, rehearsal and performance. The creation of believable characterizations through Stanislavski's concept of actions. Review of Stanislavskian based actor vocabulary and introduction to character and scene analysis.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000967"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 221",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000912",
    "code": "TH 222",
    "title": "Actors' Workshop II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "In this actor's laboratory, students act in one or more plays for public performance under the guidance of a faculty director. A weekly production lecture concerns use of stage, props, diction, movement, styles and other pertinent issues. The history of the play, its author and its era are also covered. Hours to be arranged depending on rehearsal and performance schedules.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 222",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000913",
    "code": "TH 231",
    "title": "Stagecraft II",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Project based learning with a concentration on the principles of technical stagecraft; fabrication of scenery for the stage; proper mounting and handling of scenic elements; introduction to various scenic painting techniques; installation and manipulation of lighting and sound systems for the stage; fabrication of stage properties. Students are required to apply stagecraft skills to laboratory projects outside of class studio hours. Students in TH231 are given more complex class and crew assignments.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000967"
    ],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 231",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000914",
    "code": "TH 232",
    "title": "Production Practicum II",
    "credits": 2,
    "hours": 2,
    "description": "Project-based guided learning in the current semester’s theatrical production. Students complete work in one of the following elements: marketing; stage management; wardrobe; scenic; lighting; properties; sound; projections, or company/house management; Students are required to attend pre-production meetings, technical rehearsals, and performances. Students enrolled in TH-232 complete assignments of greater complexity and responsibility than in TH-132.",
    "prerequisites": [],
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 232",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000915",
    "code": "TH 235",
    "title": "Stage Management",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Project-based learning with a concentration on stage management and production, call book, rehearsal and technical rehearsal process, and performance. Basic introduction to different techniques for organization and personal management. Students will apply their skills to stage manage current department theatrical productions. This will garner a greater understanding of the process and function of a professional stage manager.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/TH 235",
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  },
  {
    "id": "queensborough-000916",
    "code": "TH 901",
    "title": "Independent Study in Theatre",
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    "hours": 1,
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      "queensborough-000967"
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    "title": "TAP for Workforce",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "TAP for Workforce",
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    "code": "UBST 101",
    "title": "URB STUD INTERN PGM",
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    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Open only to matriculated students who have achieved a minimum cumulative index of 2.5 and completed 24 credits and/or are recommended by the faculty. A student may register for a maximum of 6 credits in the internship program. The student is strongly encouraged to contact the supervisor before the start of the semester in order to secure optimal and timely placement. Students may not receive credit for both UBST101(SS901) and/or UBST202 (SS902) each 3 credits or UBST102 (SS911) 6 credits.",
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    "program_ids": [
      "queensborough-000947"
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    "code": "UBST 102",
    "title": "URB STUD INTERN PGM 3",
    "credits": 6,
    "hours": 6,
    "description": "Open only to matriculated students who have achieved a minimum cumulative index of 2.5 and completed 24 credits and/or are recommended by the faculty. A student may register for a maximum of 6 credits in the internship program. The student is strongly encouraged to contact the supervisor before the start of the semester in order to secure optimal and timely placement. Students may not receive credit for both UBST101(SS901) and/or UBST202 (SS902) each 3 credits or UBST102 (SS911) 6 credits.",
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    "id": "queensborough-000920",
    "code": "UBST 198",
    "title": "Urban Studies Non-Lib Art Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Non Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "code": "UBST 199",
    "title": "Urban Studies Lib Arts Elec",
    "credits": 1,
    "hours": 1,
    "description": "This course provides a means for the Department of Social Sciences to award Liberal Arts and Sciences transfer credit to courses taken at another college which do not match specific QCC courses. Credits will be awarded based on the credits earned at the sending college and conditional upon approval by the academic department.",
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    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/UBST 199",
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    "id": "queensborough-000922",
    "code": "UBST 202",
    "title": "URB STUD INTERN PGM",
    "credits": 3,
    "hours": 3,
    "description": "Open only to matriculated students who have achieved a minimum cumulative index of 2.5 and completed 24 credits and/or are recommended by the faculty. A student may register for a maximum of 6 credits in the internship program. The student is strongly encouraged to contact the supervisor before the start of the semester in order to secure optimal and timely placement. Students may not receive credit for both UBST101(SS901) and/or UBST202 (SS902) each 3 credits or UBST102 (SS911) 6 credits.",
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  {
    "id": "queensborough-000923",
    "code": "ULTD 101",
    "title": "CUNY Unlimited",
    "credits": 0,
    "hours": 0,
    "description": "CUNY Unlimited is a credential program in development through a grant partnership with the University of Rochester, AHRC NYC, and the NYC Department of Education. Students currently enrolled in model demonstration programs at five CUNY campuses prepare for employment by participating in academic courses, co-curricular activities, and vocational experiences aligned with their interests.",
    "prerequisites": [],
    "program_ids": [],
    "source_url": "https://qcc.catalog.cuny.edu/courses/ULTD 101",
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]